Citations in text

Use superscript arabic numerals to refer to footnotes, see examples of footnote styles below, based on the Chicago guide.

Footnote citation styles

Abbreviations used

ed./eds. for editor(s), trans. for translator, comp. for compiler, etc.
For Book editions use the abbreviation "Edn."
Standard abbreviations may be used for certain sources commonly used in Foundations, click for list.

For multiple citations of the same work, citations after the first may use the form "Author, op.cit.(yyyy) pp." Care must be taken that there is no confusion between different works by the same author. Alternatively, an abbreviated form of the title may be used at the second and subsequent citations.

The abbreviation Ibid, should not be used as it is potentially confusing.

Publisher details can be omitted from footnotes provided they are included in the Bibliography.

Book: one author

¹  Paul Chambers, Medieval Genealogy: how to find your medieval ancestors (2005), 63.

Book: two authors

⁶  Chris Given-Wilson & Alice Curteis, The Royal Bastards of Medieval England (1985), 94-6.

Book:  3 or more authors

¹³  Lindsay L Brook et al., Genealogie medioevali di Sardegna (1984), 262.

Book: editor etc instead of author

Format as above but use abbreviations after the name: ed./eds. for editor(s), trans. for translator, comp. for compiler, etc.
[For Book editions use the abbreviation "Edn."]

Book: editor in addition to author

¹⁶ Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Lord of the Dance, ed. Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd (1986), 148-9.

Book chapter or section

²¹ Michael McCormick, "The Imperial Edge: Italo-Byzantine Identity, Movement and Integration, AD 650-950,” in Studies on the Internal Diaspora of the Byzantine Empire, eds. Hélène Ahrweiler & Angeliki E Laiou (1998), 23.

Conference Proceedings

Conference proceedings or similar publications should be treated as above for books, and individual papers within them as for book chapters, citing the name and date of the conference as part of the title.

Journal article

⁸ Paul C Reed,  “The Seymour Family of Hatch, Somerset, and de la Mare Family of Little Hereford,” Foundations 3 (2010): 219-23.

Online sources

Cite bibliographic detail as far as possible, give the URL and date accessed. For examples see the Chicago guide.

Archive materials (unpublished)

Give the name of the repository and the cataloguing reference. These are cited in footnotes only, not the bibliography.

Bibliography

The bibliography at the end of the article should list all the published sources cited in the footnotes, in alphabetical order of first author's surname, with full bibliographic information to help readers locate the sources. Sources on the FMG list of standard abbreviations (such as published calendars of medieval rolls) can be omitted here. Unpublished archive materials are also omitted from the bibliography. Listing of websites is a matter of judgement whether they are considered formal publications or more transitory items. Some examples of bibliographic entries corresponding to the above footnote examples are given below. Please conform to the use of punctuation and italic font as shown.

Page numbers need not be given here (they should be cited in the relevant footnote) except for chapters etc within books, or articles in periodicals.

Personal identifiers such as "Sr." or "III" should not be added after the author's name unless it is essential to differentiate individuals. Degrees and professional qualifications should not be listed.

Reprints of older works by new publishers should give the details of the original publisher as normal, with the new publishers and the reprint date in square brackets after the original publication date

Book: one author

Chambers, Paul. Medieval Genealogy: how to find your medieval ancestors. Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 2005.

Book: two authors

Given-Wilson, Chris & Alice Curteis. The Royal Bastards of Medieval England. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984.

Book: 3 or more authors

Brook, Lindsay L , F C Casula, M M Costa, A M Oliva, R Pavoni & M Tangheroni. Genealogie medioevali di Sardegna. Cagliari, Sassari: Due D Editrice mediterranea, 1984.

Book: editor etc instead of author

Ahrweiler, Hélène & Angeliki E Laiou, eds. Studies on the Internal Diaspora of the Byzantine Empire. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks for Harvard University, 1998.

Book: editor in addition to author

Moncreiffe of that Ilk, Iain. Lord of the Dance. Ed. Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd (1986). London: Debrett's Peerage, 1986.

Book chapter or section

McCormick, Michael. “‘The Imperial Edge: Italo-Byzantine Identity, Movement and Integration, AD 650-950.” In Studies on the Internal Diaspora of the Byzantine Empire, eds. Hélène Ahrweiler & Angeliki E Laiou, 17-52. Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks for Harvard University, 1998.

Conference Proceedings

Wolf, Armin. “Luxemburg – Sachsen – Baiern: Neues zur Genealogie des ersten Hauses Luxemburg.” In Proceedings of the XXIe Congrès International des Sciences Généalogique et Héraldique, 41-58. Luxembourg, 1994.

Journal article

Reed, Paul C. “The Seymour Family of Hatch, Somerset, and de la Mare Family of Little Hereford.” Foundations 3: 217-66, 2010.