In contrast to the other three original provinces of Germany, Franconia had no obvious leader for much of its history. A family of dukes in Franconia is referred to in primary sources during the 7th and 8th centuries, but thereafter references to an overall Franconian ruler are sparse. During the early 10th century, the Konradiner established themselves as arguably the most powerful family in the area, with Eberhard brother of Konrad I King of Germany appointed dux, effectively becoming leader in Franconia. After Eberhard's rebellion in 938, Emperor Otto I appointed no successor duke in Franconia. By the early 11th century, power was concentrated in the family of the future Salian emperors, centred on their power-base in Worms.

The original pagi in Franconia were as follows. The pagus Nafinsis (Nahegau) and, to its east, the pagus Wormaciensis (Wormsgau) were the two Franconian pagi which lay west of the river Rhine during early Carolingian times, within the ecclesiastical diocese of Mainz[1]. The counties of Veldenz and Leiningen, and the territories of the Wildgrafen and Raugrafen, developed in the area of Nahegau. Speyergau lay south of Wormsgau, to the west of the Rhine, south and west of the town of Speyer, and north of Nordgau in Alsace. Ufgau was on the east bank of the Rhine, to the east of Speyergau. Rheingau lay along the eastern bank of the Rhine, east of the towns of Mainz and Worms, and north of the small area of Lobdengau. Maingau lay directly east of Rheingau, and south of Weteneiba. In the northern part of Franconia, south of Saxony, from west to east lay the three areas of Engersgau (which developed into the county of Wied), Lahngau (later divided into Niederlahngau, in which the counties of Diez evolved in the northern area and Weilburg in the south, and Oberlahngau, which became the county of Gleiberg), and Hessengau (around the towns of Fritzlar and Kassel). Grabfeldgau formed the northern part of eastern Franconia, south of Thuringia, with Saalgau to its south. In the southern part of eastern Franconia, lay the smaller areas of Waltsazi, Weringau, Gozfelt, Iphigau, from east to west. To the south, lay Wingarteiba, Tubergau, Gollachgau and Rangau, also from west to east. The southern part of eastern Franconia consisted of Elisanzgau, Breitachgau, Scuciengau, Murrachgau, Jägestgau, Cochingau and Mulachgau.

Primary sources from the 9th to 12th centuries reveal comital families in Grabfeld, Lahngau, Nahegau, Rheingau and Wormsgau. However, in most cases, several families established themselves in each pagus at the same time, demonstrating the fluidity of political boundaries within Franconia compared, for example, with Swabia to the south and Lotharingia to the west. In addition, individuals within the same family are recorded in more than one pagus at the same time. This is especially apparent in the cases of the Konradiner family and the family which later emerged as the Salian dynasty of German emperors.

This document sets out some prominent Franconian families in the early and middle medieval period. Other nobility in Franconia, for which little family reconstruction has yet been possible on the basis of the primary source information available in preparing the present document, is shown in Chapter 2 of the document GERMAN NOBILITY.

Chapter 1. DUKES in FRANCONIA

1. HRUODIS . m ---. The name of Hruodis's wife is not known. Hruodis & his wife had one child:

a) HETAN [I] . The Passio Kiliani names "duce…Gozberto filio Hetanis senioris qui fuit filius Hruodis" at "castellum…Wirziburc"[2]. m ---. The name of Hetan's wife is not known. Hetan [I] & his wife had one child:

i) GOZBERT . The Passio Kiliani names "duce…Gozberto filio Hetanis senioris qui fuit filius Hruodis" at "castellum…Wirziburc"[3]. The Passio Kiliani records that "Gozbertum" was killed by his followers[4]. m GEILANA, daughter of ---. The Passio Kiliani names "Geilanæ" as wife of "[ducis] Gozberti", specifying in a later passage that she died after "spiritus invasit malignus"[5]. Gozbert & his wife had one child:

(a) HETAN [II] (-after 18 Apr 716). The Passio Kiliani names "Hetanum" as son of "Gozbertum" when recording that he was expelled by "populus orientalium Francorum"[6]. The Monumenta Epternacensia quotes the donation of property "in loco…Arnestati super fluvio Huitteo… et in castello Mulenberge…" to "sancto Willibrordo" by "Hedenus [dux] vir illuster…cum coniuge mea…Theodrada" dated 1 May 704[7]. The Monumenta Epternacensia quotes the donation of property "super fluvio Sala in pago Saluense" to "sancto Willibrordo" by "Hedenus dux" dated 18 Apr 716, subscribed by "Cato comes, Sigericus comes…Theodrada coniuge mea, Ado nutricius Hedeni et Turingus filius Hedeni, Adogoto, Hererico"[8]. m THEODRADA, daughter of ---. The Monumenta Epternacensia quotes the donation of property "in loco…Arnestati super fluvio Huitteo… et in castello Mulenberge…" to "sancto Willibrordo" by "Hedenus [dux] vir illuster…cum coniuge mea…Theodrada" dated 1 May 704[9]. Hetan [II] & his wife had one child:

(1) THURINGUS (-after 18 Apr 716). The Monumenta Epternacensia quotes the donation of property by "Hedenus [dux] vir illuster…cum coniuge mea…Theodrada" dated 1 May 704, subscribed by "Thuringus filius Hedeni"[10]. The Monumenta Epternacensia quotes the donation of property "super fluvio Sala in pago Saluense" to "sancto Willibrordo" by "Hedenus dux" dated 18 Apr 716, subscribed by "…Turingus filius Hedeni…"[11].

1. ADO (-after [Jan/Feb] 802). A list of Saxons in Westphalia dated Jan/Feb 802 records that "Aicharh filium Fredred habuit Ado de Alamania", presumably indicating that the last named had responsibility for the allegiance sworn to the emperor by the first-named[12].

2. NANTHER (-[after 9 Dec 879]). "Ludowicus…rex" confirmed a donation by "Nantharii ducis in orientali francia" and his wife Kunigund to Kloster St Saturnin at Münsterdreisen by charter dated [863/64][13]. "Karolus…rex" made a donation to St Gallen of property "in comitatu Turgeuue" previously owned by "Nandheri et uxor sua Adala cum filiis vel filiabus eorum" by charter dated 9 Dec 879[14]. It is not known whether these two charters refer to the same individual. This is not inevitable as the former document relates to property in Franconia, the latter in Swabia. m firstly KUNIGUND, daughter of ---. "Ludowicus…rex" confirmed a donation by "Nantharii ducis in orientali francia" and his wife Kunigund to Kloster St Saturnin at Münsterdreisen by charter dated [863/64][15]. m secondly ADELA, daughter of ---. "Karolus…rex" made a donation to St Gallen of property "in comitatu Turgeuue" previously owned by "Nandheri et uxor sua Adala cum filiis vel filiabus eorum" by charter dated 9 Dec 879[16].

Chapter 2. Die AHALOLFINGER

It is not certain that Erchanger, father of Empress Richilde, was related to the Ahalolfinger family, but his name suggests that this may have been the case.

1. ERCHANGER (-864). An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis…Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[17]. The Annales Alamannicorum record "Erkingarius comes in Alamannia, pater primæ uxoris anonymæ Caroli Crassi" among those who swore allegiance in 864[18]. The Annales Weingartenses record the death in 864 of “Eberht, Liutolf, Erchanger, Liutfrid, Ruadolf, Purghart et alii quam plurimi istius regni Principes”[19]. m IMMA, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Erchanger & his wife had [two] children:

a) RICHARDIS (-Abbey of Andlau, Alsace 18 Sep before [906/11]). The Annales Alamannicorum record "Erkingarius comes in Alamannia, pater primæ uxoris anonymæ Caroli Crassi"[20]. Abbess of Andlau in Alsace 887. At the time of their divorce, the couple both declared that the marriage had never been consummated. Regino names "Gozzelino eiusdem urbis [=Paris?] episcopo" in 887, recording that he left the church and married "Richardem sic enim Augusta vocabatur"[21]. m firstly (862, divorced 887) CHARLES, son of LUDWIG II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks & his wife Emma [Welf] (839-Neudingen an der Donau 13 Jan 888, bur Kloster Reichenau). He succeeded his father in 876 as KARL III King of the East Franks. He was crowned Emperor KARL III "le Gros" in 881. m secondly GAUZLIN ex-Bishop.

b) [---. m ---.] One child:

i) ROTRUD . "Hludouuicus…rex" confirmed donations of Empress Richgard by charter dated [900/09] which names "Ruuddrudis neptis sepe dicte imperatricis"[22]. The precise relationship is not known.

2. WORAD . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Conte di Verona.

3. WALDO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Abbot of Schwarzach.

1. ERCHANGER (-executed 917). "Chuonradus…rex" granted property "in loco Munichinga in pago Chlethgeuue" to Kloster St Gallen by charter dated 11 Mar 912 at the request of "comitum quoque Erchangarii et Chuonradi, Odalrici, Hugonis"[23]. "Chuonradus…rex" made donations by charter dated 5 Mar 912 with the consent of "fidelium nostrorum comitum vero Sigihardi, Arnolfi, Erchangarii, Odalrici, Perchtoldi, Chuonradi, Herimanni, Luitfredi atque Iringi"[24], which shows that Erchanger was considered third in importance among the nobility in the realm at that time, assuming that the order of the names is of significance. Konrad I King of Germany granted property "in pago Ibfigeuue et in comitatu Ernusti comitis sitas…in locis Leimbah, Steinaha et Thiefbach" to the bishop of Freising at the request of "Erchangarii et Heinrici comitum" by charter dated 8 Aug 912[25]. Konrad I King of Germany granted property "in pago Lobotungouue in comitatu Liutfridi comitis" to the monk Sigulf of Heiligenberg, and after his death to Kloster Lorsch, at the request of "Erkangeri comitis ac…Erlolfi et Folnandi" by charter dated 23 Aug 912[26]. "Chuonradus…rex" granted property to Diotolf Bishop of Chur on the advice of "Erchangarii comitis palatii, Perahtoldi, Chuonradi, Henrici" by charter dated 25 Sep 912[27]. "Chuonradus…rex" confirmed privileges to Kloster Murbach by charter dated 12 Mar 913 with the consent of "fidelium nostrorum…Erchangarii, Chuonradi, Hugonis, Ottonis, Heinrici, Bopponis, Udalrici, Eberhardi"[28]. The Annales Alamannicorum record "discordiam inter regem et Erchangerum" in 913, but that he was among those who defeated the Hungarians and thereafter made peace with the king (confirmed by the latter's marriage to Erchanger's sister)[29]. He revolted against Konrad I King of Germany in 913/14, was acclaimed dux after the defeat of his rivals at Hohenaltheim in 916, but executed in 917[30]. Regino records in 917 "Erchanger et Berahtold decollantur"[31].

2. BERTHOLD (-executed 917). "Chuonradus…rex" made donations by charter dated 5 Mar 912 with the consent of "fidelium nostrorum comitum vero Sigihardi, Arnolfi, Erichangarii, Odalrici, Perchtoldi, Chuonradi, Herimanni, Luitfredi atque Iringi"[32]. The Annales Sangallenses record that "Erchanger et Perehtolt frater eius et Uadalricus comes" were among those who defeated the Hungarians in 913[33]. The Annales Alamannicorum record that "Erchanger, Perahtolt et Liutfrid" were killed in 916[34], without specifying the relationship between Erchanger and Berthold.

3. KUNIGUNDE (-after 7 Jun 914, bur Kloster Lorsch). Her two marriages are confirmed by the Annales Alamannicorum which record the marriage in 913 of "sororem [Erchangeri] Liupoldi relictam" with the king[35]. Her second husband arranged their marriage in an unsuccessful attempt to ally himself with her brother and with Arnulf Duke of Bavaria[36]. "Chuonradus…rex" granted rights to Kloster Lorsch by charter dated 7 Jun 914 which names "coniugis nostre Chunigunde regine"[37]. "Chuonradus…rex" confirmed grants of property "sue locum Ginga" to Kloster Lorsch by "coniux nostra Chunigund" by charter dated 8 Feb 915[38]. m firstly [as his second wife,] LIUTPOLD Markgraf [Luitpoldinger], son of --- (-killed in battle near Pressburg 4 Jul 907). m secondly (913) KONRAD I King of Germany, son of KONRAD Graf in der Wetterau und im Wormsgau, Markgraf in Thuringia [Konradiner] & his wife Glismut (-19 Oct 918, bur Fulda).

1. ERCHANGER (-after 7 Nov 921). A document dated 7 Nov 921 recording a meeting between Charles III "le Simple" King of France and Heinrich I King of Germany names "Matfredus, Erkengerus, Hagano, Boso, Waltherus, Isaac, Ragenberus, Theodricus, Adalardus, Adelelmus" as representatives of the former[39]. It is not known how Erchanger may have been related to the earlier counts of this name.

Chapter 3. GRAFEN im GRABFELD

Several different counts are recorded in pagus Grabfeld at the same time. There is no proof that they were all related. Their number indicates that Grabfeld was a geographically extensive pagus with several different comital centres. The documentation records a close connection between these counts and the monastery of Fulda, as can be seen in the details set out below. A charter of Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated 5 Feb 834 records that Fulda was located in "pago Grapfelt" although it does not name any of the counts[40].

A. Die "alten" BABENBERGER

HEINRICH, son of [41]HEIMRICH [Heimo] Graf im Oberrheingau und im Lahngau & his wife --- (-after 812). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf.

m HADABURG, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.

Graf Heinrich & his wife had two children:

1. POPPO [I] . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf [im Grabfeld]: "Popo comes" is named in the charter dated 4 Nov 819 under which "Reginolt" donated property "in pago Grapfeld in villa Nordheim et in pago Folcfeld…in pago Gozfeld…in pago…Weringeuue" to Fulda[42]. "Popponi comitis" subscribed the charter dated 23 Nov 819 under which "Albhart" donated property "in pago Grapfelde" to Fulda[43]. "Poppo comes" subscribed the charter dated 24 May 821 under which "Helmrih" donated property to Fulda[44]. "Poppo comes" donated property "in situa Bochonis…iuxta fluvium Lutraha…in pago Grapfeld" to Fulda by charter dated 1 Feb 826[45]. "Ludewicus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the donation of property "duas…villas ex beneficio Bopponis comites infra Boboniam quarum…Geismara et Borsaa" to Fulda by charter dated 27 Feb 839[46].

2. HEIMERICH (-836). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf. m ---. The name of Heimerich's wife is not known. Heimerich & his wife had one possible child:

a) [RATOLF (-after 15 Mar 838). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. "Ratolfi comitis, Hrabani filii eius" subscribed the charter dated 15 Mar 838 under which "Uualtpraht" donated property "in pago Grapfeld in villa Stetihaha" to Fulda[47].] m ---. The name of Ratolf's wife is not known. Ratolf & his wife had one child:

i) HRABAN (-after 15 Mar 838). "Ratolfi comitis, Hrabani filii eius" subscribed the charter dated 15 Mar 838 under which "Uualtpraht" donated property "in pago Grapfeld in villa Stetihaha" to Fulda[48].

There is too large a chronological gap between Poppo [I] and the three brothers Heinrich, Poppo and Egino for the latter to have been sons of the former, assuming that they are descended directly from Poppo [I]. No indication has been found about the identity of their father. Jackman suggests that he was Christian [I] Graf im Grabfeld, his son Christian [II] therefore being another brother[49]. However, if this is correct, it is surprising that the name Christian is not found among the descendants of the three brothers. Presumably Jackman bases this speculation on the common reference to Grabfeld. However, as noted above, there appear to have been several different families of counts who held countships in Grabfeld at the same time and it is not certain that they were all related to each other.

1. HEINRICH (-killed in battle Paris [before Sep] 886, bur St Médard at Soissons). The Annales Fuldenses names "Poppone fratre Henirico et Eginone comitibus"[50]. He was invested as Marquis en Neustrie in 886.

- see below.

2. POPPO [II] (-906 or after). The Annales Fuldenses record that "Sclavi…Dalmatii et Behemi atque Sorabi" invaded Thuringia in 880 and devastated the land around "Salam fluvium", in which battle "Poppo comes et dux Sorabici limitis" fought[51]. Duke in Thuringia. The Annales Fuldenses record "in Thuringia…quibus Poppo comes et dux Sorabici" campaigning in 880[52], and more specifically names "Poppone fratre Heinrico et Eginone comitibus", recording that he conquered "Thuringis inferior"[53]. The Annales Fuldenses records the civil war between Saxons and Thuringians in 882, through the machinations of "Poppone fratre Heinrici et Egninone comitibus" and Poppo's subsequent conquest of "Thuringis inferior"[54]. The Annales Fuldenses records a conflict in 883 between "Boppo et Egino comites et duces Thuringorum", in which Poppo was victorious[55]. "Gotesdeu" donated property "in pago Badnegewe in comitatu Eginonis…in pago Graphelt in comitatu Heinrici…loco Munrichestat" to Fulda by charter dated 16 Apr 887, signed by "Boppo comes"[56]. "Bobbo comes, Adalbraht, Bobbo filii eius…" witnessed an undated charter, placed with charters dated [887/89] in the cartulary, under which "Martinus" donated property "in pago Graphelde in Norchemero marca in comitatu Adalberti" to Fulda, with the consent of "sui domini Bobbonis"[57]. "Arnolfus…rex" donated property "in pago Uuormazfelda in comitatu Megingaudi…in villa Dechidestein" to Kloster Fulda on the proposal of "Pobbonis et Deotpoldi [comitum]" by charter dated 21 Jul 889[58]. "Arnolfus…rex" gave property "nuncupante Hruodeshof in pago Folchfelda in comitatu Ebonis" to "nostræ Fridarun" on the intervention of "Popbonis marchionis nostri" by charter dated 12 Jan 891[59]. The Annales Fuldenses records that "Poppo dux Thuringorum" was deprived of his honours in 891[60]. Regino specifies that his dukedom was given to "Chuonrado" and soon after to "Burchardo comitis"[61]. Ludwig "das Kind" King of Germany issued a charter relating to Kloster Fulda "in pago Folcfelda in comitatu Popponis" dated 29 Jun 906[62]. m [--- of Thuringia, daughter of THAKULF Duke in Thuringia & his wife ---. Jackman speculates that Poppo owed his dukedom in Thuringia to having married the daughter of Duke Thakulf, sister of Duke Radulf[63]. This is an interesting theory but it assumes that the principle of heredity played a part in the transfer of such titles, an issue which merits further study.] Duke Poppo [II] & his wife had [three] children:

a) ADALBERT (-after 915). "Bobbo comes, Adalbraht, Bobbo filii eius…" witnessed an undated charter, placed with charters dated [887/89] in the cartulary, under which "Martinus" donated property "in pago Graphelde in Norchemero marca in comitatu Adalberti" to Fulda, with the consent of "sui domini Bobbonis"[64]. Graf im Grabfeld and Tullfeld.

b) POPPO [III] (-945). "Bobbo comes, Adalbraht, Bobbo filii eius…" witnessed an undated charter, placed with charters dated [887/89] in the cartulary, under which "Martinus" donated property "in pago Graphelde in Norchemero marca in comitatu Adalberti" to Fulda, with the consent of "sui domini Bobbonis"[65]. Graf im Grabfeld und Tullfeld. "Chuonradus…rex" confirmed privileges to Kloster Murbach by charter dated 12 Mar 913 with the consent of "fidelium nostrorum…Erchangarii, Chuonradi, Hugonis, Ottonis, Heinrici, Bopponis, Udalrici, Eberhardi"[66]. Heinrich I King of Germany granted property "in Buochunna sitas…in pago Grapfeld in comitatu Bobbonis infra terminum Soresdorf…in loco Berahtoltestafta" to Kloster Fulda by charter dated 22 Jun 922[67]. "Heinricus…rex" confirmed rights of the bishopric of Würzburg to income from various properties at the suggestion of "presul Thioto…cum Bobbone comite" by charter dated 8 Apr 923[68]. "Otto…rex" granted privileges to Würzburg church relating to property "in Nordheimono marco…in pago Craffelda in comitatu Popponis" and of "Poppo comes noster" by charter dated 13 Dec 941[69]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[70], Graf Poppo [III] was the possible father of Graf Poppo [IV] and of Graf Otto [I] (-died after 982). The latter appears identical with "Otto Graf von Grabfeld", who has been identified by Jackman[71] as the son of Udo Graf in der Wetterau, im Rheingau und Lahngau [Konradiner].

c) [daughter . Patze suggests that the wife of Graf Wilhelm [I] was the daughter of Poppo [II] Duke of Thuringia, Graf im Volkfeld[72]. Jackman comments that "this is chronologically very unlikely"[73]. The source which provides the basis for this suggestion has not been identified, although her naming her supposed son Poppo suggests a connection. It should be noted that the sons of Poppo [II] were Grafen im Grabfeld (according to Europäische Stammtafeln[74]). The wife of Graf Wilhelm [I]'s possible son, Graf Wilhelm [II], was the daughter of Otto "Graf von Grabfeld". This suggests some possible confusion between the wives of the two Grafen Wilhelm. m WILHELM I Graf in Südthüringau, im Gau Usiti [Husitin] und im Helms- und Altgau [Weimar-Orlamünde], son of --- (-16 Apr 963).]

3. EGINO (-[886/87]). The Annales Fuldenses records the civil war between Saxons and Thuringians in 882, through the machinations of "Poppone fratre Heinrici et Egninone comitibus" and Poppo's subsequent conquest of "Thuringis inferior"[75]. The Annales Fuldenses records a conflict in 883 between "Boppo et Egino comites et duces Thuringorum", in which Poppo was victorious[76]. The necrology of Fulda records the death in 886 of "Egino com"[77]. "Gotesdeu" donated property "in pago Badnegewe in comitatu Eginonis…in pago Graphelt in comitatu Heinrici…loco Munrichestat" to Fulda by charter dated 16 Apr 887, signed by "Boppo comes"[78], which places some doubt on the date of death in the previous source. "Arnolfus…rex" granted property "ad Chrutheim in pagis Folcfeld et in Iffigeuue in comitatibus filiorum Heimrici et Eginonis" to "ministerialis…Epo" by charter dated 13 Mar 888[79].

HEINRICH, son of --- (-killed in battle Paris [before Sep] 886, bur St Médard at Soissons). The Annales Fuldenses names "Poppone fratre Henirico et Eginone comitibus"[80]. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Heinricum principum" led the army of Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks into Moravia in 866[81]. The Annales Fuldenses names "Henricum" as "principum militiæ suæ [=Hludowicus Hludowici regis filius]" and as "comitis vassalus" in 871[82]. The Annales Fuldenses records the victory of "Heinricus et Adalhartus" against "Thiotbaldo principe militiæ Hugonis" in 880[83]. The Annales Fuldenses records the civil war between Saxons and Thuringians in 882, through the machinations of "Poppone fratre Heinrici et Egninone comitibus" and Poppo's subsequent conquest of "Thuringis inferior"[84]. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Heinricus frater Popponis" fought the Vikings at "Prumiam" in 883[85]. He was invested as Marquis en Neustrie in 886 by Emperor Karl III "der Dicke", who was at that time briefly King of the West Franks, after the death of Hugues l'Abbé. Abbo's Bella Parisiciæ Urbis records the part played by "Saxonia vir Ainricus" at the siege of Paris in 886[86]. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Heinrico marchensi Francorum" who held Neustria was killed at the siege of Paris in 886[87]. The necrology of Fulda records the death "886 Kal Sep" of "Heinrih com"[88].

m INGELTRUDIS [Baba], daughter of --- (-after 864). The Annalista Saxo names Adalbert and his "pater Heinricus dux, mater Baba dicebatur"[89]. The primary source which confirms her name as Ingeltrudis has not yet been identified. Eckhardt[90] suggests that Ingeltrudis was the daughter of Eberhard Marquis of Friulia & his wife Gisela [Carolingian], and therefore sister of Berengario I King of Italy. However, this appears impossible chronologically given that her daughter Hedwig gave birth to her third child in 876.

Heinrich & his wife had four children:

1. HEDWIG [Hathui] ([850/55]-24 Dec 903). "Hathwiga" is named as wife of Otto in the Annalista Saxo, which in an earlier passage records that Heinrich I King of Germany was the son of the sister of Adalbert [Babenberg][91]. Her birth date is estimated from the birth of her third son in 876. The necrology of Fulda records the death in 903 of "Hadwih com"[92]. The necrology of Merseburg records the death "24 Dec" of "Hathuui mater Heinrici regis"[93]. m OTTO "der Erlauchte" Graf im Sudthüringau und Eichsfeld, son of LIUDOLF [von Sachsen] & his wife Oda [Billung] (-30 Nov 912[94], bur Gandersheim Stiftskirche). He was chosen to succeed Ludwig "das Kind" [Carolingian] as king of Germany in 911 but, according to Widukind, he declined on the grounds of his advanced age and recommended the election of Konrad ex-Duke of the Franconians[95].

2. ADALBERT (-executed 9 Jun 906). The Annalista Saxo names Adalbert and his "pater Heinricus dux, mater Baba dicebatur", when recording his struggle with the Konradiner family[96]. Regino records "magna discordianum" between "Rodulfum episcopum Wirziburgensem" and "filios Heinrici ducis, Adalbertum, Adalhardum et Heinricum" in 897[97]. Regino records the war in 902 between "Adalbertus cum fratribus Adalhardo et Heinrico" against "Eberhardum et Gebehardum et Rodulfum fratres"[98]. Regino records that in 903 "Adalbertus Rodulfum episcopum Wiziburgensis ecclesia fugat"[99]. "Adalberti comitis" exchanged property with the abbot of Fulda by charter dated 26 Apr 903[100]. The Annales Alammanicorum record that in 903 "Adalbertus Chonradum bello occidit"[101]. The Annales Laubacenses record that in 906 "Adalbertus filius Heinrichi, ficta fide episcoporum deceptus, capite decollatus est"[102]. Graf. He was executed during the bitter quarrel between the Babenberger and Konradiner families, which marked the breaking of Babenberg power in central Germany[103]. m ---. The name of Adalbert's wife is not known. Adalbert & his wife had one possible child:

a) [HEINRICH (-[935]). According to Europäische Stammtafeln[104], Heinrich was the probable son of Adalbert or of one of Adalbert's brothers. This is supported by his being described as "propinquus noster" by Heinrich I King of Germany (see below), who was the son of Adalbert's sister Hedwig and would therefore have been Heinrich's first cousin if the relationship is correctly shown here. Konrad I King of Germany granted property "in pago Ibfigeuue et in comitatu Ernusti comitis sitas…in locis Leimbah, Steinaha et Thiefbach" to the bishop of Freising at the request of "Erchangarii et Heinrici comitum" by charter dated 8 Aug 912[105]. "Chuonradus…rex" granted property to Diotolf Bishop of Chur on the advice of "Erchangarii comitis palatii, Perahtoldi, Chuonradi, Henrici" by charter dated 25 Sep 912[106]. "Chuonradus…rex" confirmed privileges to Kloster Murbach by charter dated 12 Mar 913 with the consent of "fidelium nostrorum…Erchangarii, Chuonradi, Hugonis, Ottonis, Heinrici, Bopponis, Udalrici, Eberhardi"[107]. "Chuonradus…rex" granted property to Udalfrid Bishop of Eichstätt by charter dated 9 Sep 918 at the request of "Eberhardo et Heinricho comitibus"[108]. "Heinricus…rex" granted property to "in pago Hegouue in eodem comitatu…in loco Siginga" to "Baboni…comitis Burchardi vassallo" after consultation with "Burchardi, Ebarhardi, Chuonradi, Heinrici atque Utonis…comitum" by charter dated 30 Nov 920[109]. "Heinricus…rex" granted property to "ducis nostri Arnulfi vassallo Kerung" at the request of "comitis ac propinqui nostri Henrici" by charter dated 18 Oct 927[110]. This suggests that Heinrich was a Bavarian count, Arnulf being duke of Bavaria. "Henricus…rex" granted property "in pago Sueuia in comitatu…Sigifridi curtem…Groninga…et Croppensteti et Emmundorp" to "Sigifredo…comiti" at the request of "Henrici comitis" by charter dated 25 Jun 934[111].] m ---. The name of Heinrich's wife is not known. Heinrich & his wife had three possible children:

i) [HEINRICH (-Rome 3 Jul 964). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Archbishop of Trier 956.]

ii) [POPPO (-15 Feb 961). Brother of Heinrich Archbishop of Trier. Chancellor of Germany 931/940. Bishop of Würzburg 941. The necrology of St Gall records the death "XV Kal Mar" of "Popponis Wirciburgensis ecclesie ep"[112].]

iii) [[113]BERTHOLD (-15 Jan 980). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf 941. Graf im Radenzgau 960. Graf an der unteren Naab 961. Graf im Volkfeld 973. Markgraf 976. Graf des Ostlichen Franken 980.]

- MARKGRAFEN von SCHWEINFURT.

3. ADALHARD (-executed 903). Regino records "magna discordianum" between "Rodulfum episcopum Wirziburgensem" and "filios Heinrici ducis, Adalbertum, Adalhardum et Heinricum" in 897[114]. Regino records the war between "Adalbertus cum fratribus Adalhardo et Heinrico" against "Eberhardum et Gebehardum et Rodulfum fratres", specifying that "Adalhardus captor…est"[115]. The Annales Alammanicorum record that in 900 "Adalhart et Heimrich frater eius et Eberhardius bello occisi sunt"[116].

4. HEINRICH (-killed in battle [902/03]). Regino records "magna discordianum" between "Rodulfum episcopum Wirziburgensem" and "filios Heinrici ducis, Adalbertum, Adalhardum et Heinricum" in 897[117]. Regino records the war between "Adalbertus cum fratribus Adalhardo et Heinrico" against "Eberhardum et Gebehardum et Rodulfum fratres", specifying that "Heinrich interfectus…est"[118]. The Annales Alammanicorum record that in 900 "Adalhart et Heimrich frater eius et Eberhardius bello occisi sunt"[119].

1. OTTO (-[983/85]). According to Europäische Stammtafeln[120], Otto was the possible son of Poppo [III] Graf im Grabfeld und Tullfeld, but the source on which this is based has not been identified. Jackman suggests that he was the same person as Otto, son of Graf Udo [Konradiner][121], but this theory is intertwined with his other theory concerning the affiliation of Graf Heribert, father of Otto von Hammerstein. "Otto…rex" granted property "villam Northeim in pago Salzgowe in comitatu Ottonis comitis" to Kloster Fulda by undated charter placed in the compilation with other charters dated in early 951[122]. Graf im Grabfeld. m ---. The name of Otto's wife is not known. Otto & his wife had [four] children:

a) [daughter . The name of Graf Wilhelm [II]'s wife is not known. Jackman suggests[123], for onomastic reasons only it appears, that she was the daughter of Otto Graf von Grabfeld, his assumption being that the latter was a Konradiner. m WILHELM II "der Grosse" Graf von Weimar, son of [WILHELM I Graf in Südthüringau, im Helms- und Altgau & his wife ---] (-24 Dec 1003, bur Naumburg).]

b) GEBHARD (-982). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. The necrology of Fulda records the death in 982 of "Gebehart com"[124].

c) OTTO (-27 May 1010). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf im Grabfeld. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[125], Graf Otto was the father of Poppo Graf von Henneberg and his brother Godebold Burggraf von Würzburg (ancestor of the later Grafen von Henneberg). It appears that this is based on onomastic reasons, as the same source states that Graf Otto's male line great grandfather was possibly Poppo [II] Markgraf der Sorbenmark, Graf im Volkfeld ("alte" Babenberger). If this descent is incorrect, it is assumed that there is no further basis for the suggestion. The necrology of Fulda records the death "1010 VI Kal Iun" of "Otto com"[126].

d) HERMANN (-killed in battle Marabolt 13 Jul 995). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Leinegau. The necrology of Fulda records the death "995 III Id Iul" of "Heriman com occisus est Marabolt"[127].

B. FAMILY of GRAF CHRISTIAN

The individuals in the following proposed family sub-group are linked by common references in charters which record donations to Fulda. Christian [I] and Burkhard are shown as counts in Grabfeld, although Burkhard is also recorded as count in "pagis Dreini et Boroctra" assuming that the reference is to the same person. Burkhard and Hesso [II] subscribed one of the charters of Christian [I]. Christian [I] and Hesso [II] are referred to in a royal diploma relating to Fulda, which also introduces Liutolf into the group. Hesso [II] could be linked with Hesso [I], who is listed among the group of Saxon nobility. The latter is recorded as one of the Saxon counts who fought Charles I King of the Franks during the latter part of the 8^th century and is also linked in the documentation with Fulda.

Three probable brothers:

1. BURKHARD (-after 23 Feb 866). "Burgrat comes" donated property "in pago Grapfeld in…Buchonia villam…Motten" to Fulda by charter dated 13 Aug 837[128]. This is presumably the same person as one of the subscribers "Hesses comitis, Burgharti comitis" to the charter dated 27 Jun 837 under which "Cristan [comes]" donated property "in provincia Grapfeldorum…in villa Iuchisa" to Fulda by charter dated 27 Jun 837, signed by "Christani comitis"[129]. He may be the same Burkhard whose county is referred to in the charter dated 13 Jun 858 under which "Ludowicus…rex" granted property to Kloster Herford "in pagis Dreini et Boroctra…in comitatibus Burchardi et Warini…in Seliheim et in Stocheim"[130]. He may also be the same Burkhard whose county is referred to in the charter dated 25 Apr 859 under which "Ludowicus…rex" granted property to Fulda "in pagis Grainga et Threcwiti…et in comitatibus Burchardi, Waltberti et Albrici atque Letti"[131]. An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of Germany dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis…Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[132]. The appearance of the names "…Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus…" in sequence in this document supports the theory that the three were brothers. "Nordman" donated property "in provincia Crapfeldoue" to Fulda by charter dated 23 Feb 866 which names "quondam dominus meus Hessi comes" and is subscribed by "Burgharti comitis"[133].

2. CHRISTIAN [I] (-18 Feb 871). "Cristan [comes]" donated property "in provincia Grapfeldorum…in villa Iuchisa" to Fulda by charter dated 27 Jun 837, signed by "Christani comitis…Hesses comitis, Burgharti comitis"[134]. Ludwig "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks confirmed rights of "Lutolfo, Cristano et Hessoni comitibus" relating to Kloster Fulda by an undated charter, with charters dated 849 in the compilation[135]. An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of Germany dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis…Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[136]. The appearance of the names "…Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus…" in sequence in this document supports the theory that the three were brothers. Ludwig "der Deutsche" King of Germany granted property to "comes…Cristianus" by charter dated 8 Jul 861[137]. He is probably "Christianus comes" who agreed an exchange of land in Wachenheim and Schifferstadt "in pago Spirense" with Gebhard Bishop of Speyer, confirmed by charter of Ludwig "der Deutsche" King of Germany dated 25 May 868[138]. The necrology of Fulda records the death "871 12 Kal Mar" of "Cristan comes"[139]. m HEILWIG, daughter of ---. "Ludowicus…rex" confirmed possession by "Cristiano comiti et uxori eius…Heilwih" of their foundation Kloster Rohr and made donations of property "quod suus genitor ei hereditavit…in pago Grabfeld…in loco Cristaneshusen" by an undated charter, placed in the compilation among charters dated [868/70][140]. Christian [I] & his wife had [one probable child]:

a) [CHRISTIAN [II] (-[876/86]). "Cunihilt" donated property "in pago Grapfelde in comitatu Kristani comitis" to Fulda by charter dated 874, signed by "Kristani comitis"[141]. "Elli, Ermenolt et Bald" donated property "in pago Grapfeldo in comitatu Kristani comitis" to Fulda by charter dated 14 Feb 876[142]. "Kristan comes…" is named with Liutbert Archbishop of Mainz in a charter dated 18 May 876 which records the settlement of a dispute between the archbishop and Sigihard Abbot of Fulda[143]. "Adalgardi comitis, Erinfridi comitis, Cristiani comitis" signed the charter dated 1 Oct 877 under which "Liutharius" donated property "in pago Lobodense in villare Husa…Sahssenheim…" to Lorsch[144]. None of these documents prove that Christian [II] was the son of Christian [I], but this looks probable. m ---. The name of Christian's wife is not known. Christian [II] & his wife had [two possible children]:

i) [HEINRICH (-after 16 Apr 887). "Gotesdeu" donated property "in pago Badnegewe in comitatu Eginonis…in pago Graphelt in comitatu Heinrici…loco Munrichestat" to Fulda by charter dated 16 Apr 887, signed by "Boppo comes"[145]. It is possible that Heinrich was related to the Alten Babenberger family, as both "Egino" and "Boppo", also named in the document, appear to have belonged to that family.]

ii) [HERMANN (-11 Apr 925). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Archbishop of Köln 890.]

3. LIUDOLF [Liutolf] (-[864]). "Ludowicus…rex" confirmed rights of "Lutolfo, Cristano et Hessoni comitibus" relating to Kloster Fulda by an undated charter, with charters dated 849 in the compilation[146]. An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of Germany dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis…Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[147]. The appearance of the names "…Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus…" in sequence in this document supports the theory that the three were brothers. The Annales Weingartenses record the death in 864 of “Eberht, Liutolf, Erchanger, Liutfrid, Ruadolf, Purghart et alii quam plurimi istius regni Principes”[148].

Chapter 4. GRAFEN im LAHNGAU (KONRADINER)

This family, of Frankish origin, established a strong position in Franconia during the reign of Ludwig IV "das Kind" King of the East Franks. They eliminated their closest rivals the Babenberger family in 906. The succession of a member of this family to the German throne was seen as the obvious choice after the death without heirs of King Ludwig IV[149]. As will be seen in the analysis set out below, many of the family relationships in this family are speculative, based on the onomastic theories of Jackman.

UDO, son of GEBHARD Graf im Niederlahngau & his wife ---. Graf im Lahngau. 860/879.

m ---. The identity of Udo's wife is not known with certainty. According to Jackman[150], she may have been [Judith], daughter of Konrad Graf im Linz- und Argengau. King Arnulf in a charter dated 19 May 891 names "Chonradi…comitis et nepotis nostri"[151]. The speculation is that the relationship may have been through Konrad's mother who, if identified as the daughter of Konrad Graf im Linz- under Argengau, was the niece of King Arnulf's paternal grandmother Queen Hemma. However, an interesting puzzle is highlighted by the charter dated 10 Feb 910 under which "Hludouuicus…rex" confirmed the foundation of St Georg at Limburg-an-der-Lahn at the request of "Chuonrati ducis et fidelis neptis nostri, cuidam Chuonrato…comiti nostro filio Eberhardi in pago Loganahe in suo comitatu"[152]. "Chuonrati ducis et fidelis neptis nostri…" in this document is identified as the future Konrad I King of Germany, and therefore the son of Konrad who is named in the 891 charter. The two documents are therefore consistent in this respect when both are described as "nepotis" of King Arnulf and King Ludwig IV. However, "…cuidam Chuonrato…comiti nostro filio Eberhardi" is identified as Konrad "Kurzbold", son of Eberhard (killed in [902/03]) who is identified in other sources (as explained below) as the brother of the senior Konrad who is named in the 891 charter. The problem is that Konrad "Kurzbold" is not identified, either in the 910 charter or in other documentation in which he is named, as "nepos" of either of the Carolingian monarchs. One explanation could be that Konrad and Eberhard were born from different marriages of their father.

Udo & his wife had [four possible] children[153], who as shown below are confirmed as brothers in primary sources none of which mentions their parentage:

1. KONRAD ([845/60]-killed in battle near Fritzlar 27 Feb 906, bur Weilburg Martinskirche). Regino names "Chuonradus senior [et] frater eius Gebehardus", specifying that Konrad resided in Hessen at Friedeslar[154]. His birth date range is estimated from other estimated birth date ranges of members of the family and the known dates of Konrad's own career. Graf im Oberlahngau 886. "Arnolfus…rex" granted property "in comitatu Nordgauensis…in villa Yebinesheim" to the church of Speyer at the request of "Chuonradi comitis ministerialisque" by charter dated 3 Feb 891[155]. Regino specifies that the dukedom of "Boppo dux Thuringorum" was given to "Chuonrado" in 892 and soon after to "Burchardo comitis"[156]. "Conradum, patrem Conradi postea regis" is named in the Annalista Saxo, when recording his quarrel with Adalbert [Babenberg] and Heinrich of Saxony[157]. The Annales Alammanicorum record that in 903 "Adalbertus Chonradum bello occidit"[158]. Graf im Hessengau 897. "Adelbero…Augustensis ecclesiæ…præsul" donated property to Lorsch "in pago Rinigouue in comitatum Gebehardi" by charter dated 20 May [896/99], signed by "Cunrado, Walahone, Gebehardo, Ruperto, Liutfrido, Burkardo, Dragebodo comitibus"[159]. Graf im Gotzfeldgau 903: "Hludowicus…rex" confirmed privileges to the bishopric of Würzburg by charter dated 9 Jul 903 at the request (among others) of "comitum…Chonrati…" and which related to property "in pago Cozfelda in comitatu Chonrati"[160]. "Hludowicus…rex" confirmed property of Stift Kaiserswerth naming "Cuonrat…propinquus noster et abba cœnobii sancti Suithberti" at the request of "comitum…Cuonrati…et Gebeharti" by charter dated 3 Aug 904[161]. A charter dated 14 Jun 904 records an agreement between Hatto Archbishop of Mainz and the abbot of Riamnis "in manum…suique advocate Burkardi…comitis" relating to property "in locis Wilheim, Pisinga et Vosinga", signed by "Adelbertus comes, Arnolfus comes, Cunradus comes, Erinfridus comes, Liutfridus comes"[162]. Graf in der Wetterau 905. Graf im Wormsgau 906: "Hludowicus…rex" confirmed property of the church of Worms including "res in pago Wormazfelde in comitatu Kuonrati" which "comes Gebehartus" held, by charter dated 2 Sep 906[163]. Regino records that "Chuonradus comes" sent "filium suum Chuonradum" against "Gerardum et fratrem eius Matfridum" in 906[164]. Markgraf in Thuringia[165]. Regino records the death in battle "906 III Kal Mar" of "Chuonradus senior" and his burial "in castello Wileneburch" by "filii cum matre" (without naming them)[166]. m GLISMOD, daughter of --- (-26 Apr 924). "Chuonradus…rex" made a donation of property "in pago Husitin et in comitatu Bardonis…curtem Dribura…et in pago Loganacgouue…in comitatu Ottonis fratris nostri" to Kloster Fulda on the intervention of "genitricis nostræ Glismodæ" by charter dated 1 Jul 912[167]. Jackman speculates[168] that Glismod must have been related to the earlier dukes in Thuringia, which would have given her husband a hereditary claim to the dukedom which he held briefly, postulating that she was the daughter of a sister of Duke Thakulf[169]. This assumes the grant depended on some hereditary right and was not merely a reward for personal service. The Annales Necrologici Fuldenses record the death "VI Kal Mai 924" of "Glismuot com"[170]. Graf Konrad & his wife had [four] children:

a) KONRAD ([875/85]-19 Oct or 23 Dec 918, bur Fulda). Regino records that "Chuonradus comes" sent "filium suum Chuonradum" against "Gerardum et fratrem eius Matfridum" in 906[171]. Graf im Hessengau 908: "Hludowicus…rex" granted property to Kloster Hersfeld built "in pago Hassionum in comitatu Chuonrati" by charter dated 17 Dec 908[172]. "Hludowicus…rex" granted property to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 17 Dec 908 which names "Chonradi comitis nostri atque propinqui"[173]. "Hludouuicus…rex" confirmed the foundation of St Georg at Limburg-an-der-Lahn at the request of "Chuonrati ducis et fidelis neptis nostri, cuidam Chuonrato…comiti nostro filio Eberhardi in pago Loganahe in suo comitatu" by charter dated 10 Feb 910[174]. Graf im Keldachgau 910: "Hludowicus…rex" granted property to "presbitero Foldger" at the request of "Chuonradus comes ac propinquus noster…in pago Keldocense in comitatu ipsius Chuonradi" by charter dated 26 Jul 910[175]. "Hludowicus…rex" granted property to "presbitero Gozbold" at the request of "Chuonradi et Eberhardi comitum" by charter dated 16 Jun 911[176]. He was elected KONRAD I King of Germany at Forchheim [7/10] Nov 911, with support from "Franks, Saxons, Alemans and Bavarians"[177]. He was opposed by his brother-in-law Erchanger who rebelled in 915, and by Arnulf Duke of Bavaria[178]. He was wounded on an expedition against Duke Arnulf, which led to his death[179]. On his deathbed he nominated Heinrich of Saxony as his successor as king of Germany[180]. The necrology of Fulda records the death in 918 of "Cuonradus rex"[181]. Regino records the death of "Chuonradus rex" in 919 and his burial in Fulda monastery[182]. The necrology of St Gall records the death "X Kal Jan" of "Chuonradi regis"[183]. Thietmar records his death on 19 Oct, and his "funeral obsequies…at Weilburg"[184]. The Annalista Saxo records that "sepultus est in civitate sua Wilinaburh"[185]. m (before 7 Jun 914) as her second husband, KUNIGUNDE, widow of LIUTPOLD Markgraf [Liutpoldinger], sister of Graf ERCHANGER [Ahalolfinger] (bur Kloster Lorsch). Her two marriages are confirmed by the Annales Alamannicorum which record the marriage in 913 of "sororem [Erchangeri] Liupoldi relictam" with the king[186]. Her second husband arranged their marriage in an unsuccessful attempt to ally himself with her brother and with Arnulf Duke of Bavaria[187]. "Chuonradus…rex" granted rights to Kloster Lorsch by charter dated 7 Jun 914 which names "coniugis nostre Chunigunde regine"[188]. "Chuonradus…rex" confirmed grants of property "sue locum Ginga" to Kloster Lorsch by "coniux nostra Chunigund" by charter dated 8 Feb 915[189].

b) EBERHARD (-killed in battle near Andernach 23 Oct 939). The Chronicon Laureshamense records a declaration of "Chuonradus rex" dated "914 VII Id Iun apud Franchonfort" relating to the freedom of election of abbots in which he names "Eberhardi marchionis fratris nostri"[190]. Widukind names "Evurhardus frater regis"[191]. Thietmar also names Eberhard as brother of King Konrad, when recording that the latter recommended that he support the election of the future King Heinrich I on his deathbed[192]. Lay Abbot of St Maximin at Trier 909. "Hludowicus…rex" granted property to "presbitero Gozbold" at the request of "Chuonradi et Eberhardi comitum" by charter dated 16 Jun 911[193]. "Chuonradus…rex" donated property "in Turgeuue cirtem…Vuihare et in Alpegeuue locum…Sueininga…et in pago Para curtem…Oberendorf" to Kloster St Gallen on the intervention of "Eburhardique germani fratris nostri" by charter dated 14 Mar 912[194]. "Chuonradus…rex" confirmed privileges to Kloster Murbach by charter dated 12 Mar 913 with the consent of "fidelium nostrorum…Erchangarii, Chuonradi, Hugonis, Ottonis, Heinrici, Bopponis, Udalrici, Eberhardi"[195]. Graf im Hessen und Perfgau 913. Graf im Oberlahngau 913 and 928. Markgraf 914: "Chuonradus…rex" granted property "villa Bercheim in comitatu Eberhardi in pago Tuonahgouue" to "capellano Reginolf" by charter dated 4 May 916[196]. "Chuonradus…rex" granted rights to Kloster Lorsch by charter dated 7 Jun 914 which names "coniugis nostre Chunigunde regine"[197]. Duke of Franconia. "Chuonradus…rex" granted property to Udalfrid Bishop of Eichstätt by charter dated 9 Sep 918 at the request of "Eberhardo et Heinricho comitibus"[198]. He submitted to Heinrich I King of Germany, elected in 919 to succeed his deceased brother[199]. "Heinricus…rex" granted property to "in pago Hegouue in eodem comitatu…in loco Siginga" to "Baboni…comitis Burchardi vassallo" after consultation with "Burchardi, Ebarhardi, Chuonradi, Heinrici atque Utonis…comitum" by charter dated 30 Nov 920[200]. A document dated 7 Nov 921 recording a meeting between Charles III "le Simple" King of France and Heinrich I King of Germany names "Evrardus, Chonradus, Herimannus, Hato, Godefredus, Otto, Herimannus, Cobbo, Magenhardus, Fridericus, Foldac" as representatives of the latter[201]. Truchsess 936. Pfalzgraf 938. He rebelled against Otto I "der Große" King of Germany in 938, seized Hellmern, and captured Heinrich, the king's brother, for which he was imprisoned at Hildesheim[202]. He was killed by his cousins, the brothers Hermann I Duke of Swabia and Udo[203]. Regino records that "Eberhardus" was sent into exile in 939 and killed[204]. The necrology of Fulda records the death in 939 of "Eburhart dux"[205]. [m ---. Jackman speculates[206] that Eberhard married (after Jun 910), as her third husband, Oda von Sachsen, widow firstly of Zwentibold King of Lotharingia [Carolingian] and secondly of Graf Gerhard [Matfriede], daughter of Otto “des Erlauchten” Duke [of Saxony] & his wife Hedwig (-2 Jul after 952), for onomastic reasons as the name of Eberhard's supposed daughter (her affiliation also being based only on his own separate onomastic hypothesis) was that of Oda's maternal grandmother. This is an interesting theory but it accumulates one onomastic hypothesis on another and must be considered highly speculative.] Eberhard [& his wife had one possible daughter]:

i) [INGELTRUD. Jackman[207] suggests, for onomastic reasons only, that the wife of Vicomte Robert may have been the daughter of Graf Eberhard. However, this appears unlikely from a geographical perspective. In addition, no strikingly typical Konradiner names feature among this couple's descendants. Settipani suggests that Ingeltrud may have been the daughter of Eberhard's younger brother Otto[208]. m ROBERT Vicomte de Dijon, son of ---.]

c) OTTO (-after 918). "Chuonradus…rex" made a donation of property "in pago Husitin et in comitatu Bardonis…curtem Dribura…et in pago Loganacgouue…in comitatu Ottonis fratris nostri" to Kloster Fulda on the intervention of "genitricis nostræ Glismodæ" by charter dated 1 Jul 912[209]. Graf im Ruhrgau. Graf an der mittleren Lahn 912: "Chuonradus…rex" granted property "in pago Logenahe in comitatu Ottonis germani nostri…curtem Reltenbach" to the convent at Weilburg by charter dated 28 Nov 912[210].

d) [daughter . Widukind names "Burghardum quoque Bardonem", specifying "quorum alter gener regis erat", when recording that Duke Heinrich drove them from Thuringia in 913[211]. m BURKHARD, son of BURKHARD dux in Thuringia & his wife ---.]

2. EBERHARD (-killed in battle near Bamberg [902/903]). Regino records the war in 902 between "Adalbertus cum fratribus Adalhardo et Heinrico" against "Eberhardum et Gebehardum et Rodulfum fratres", specifying that "Eberhardis multis vulneribus in prœlio occidit"[212]. The Annales Alammanicorum record that in 900 "Adalhart et Heimrich frater eius et Eberhardius bello occisi sunt"[213]. Graf im Niederlahngau. Graf in der Ortenau 888. m [WILTRUD], daughter of ---. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[214], the wife of Eberhard may have been Wiltrud, daughter of [Walacho & his wife ---]. Presumably her name is deduced from the charter dated 933 under which "Wiltrud mater Cunradi cum manu eiusdem filii sui" donated "omnem decimationem in Dissermark et in Brubechermark et in Lonstein" to "monasterium…Marcellini et Petri…situm in superiori Mulnheim…Selgenstat nuncupatur"[215]. This charter does not described Konrad as "comes". However, a summary of donations to Kloster Bleidenstatt includes the donation by "Cunradus comes" on the death of "matris sue" of property "domo in qua Huwart vinitor habitat", undated[216]. This latter document does not name Konrad´s mother, but the suggestion is that Konrad may have been the same person as Konrad son of Wiltrud, on the assumption that the properties donated were in the same geographical area. The basis for suggesting that Walacho was Wiltrud´s father is not known. It may be related to the charter dated 5 Feb 902 under which Ludwig IV "das Kind" King of Germany donated property "in pago Spiricovue in comitatu Walahonis in villa…Hasalach" to Kloster Weissenburg at the request of "Chuonrati et Purcharti comitum"[217]. "Purcharti" was presumably Walacho´s son named Burkhard. It is possible that "Chuonrati" was Walacho´s grandson, son of his daughter Wiltrud, although if this is correct it is unclear why Konrad´s name should have preceded Burkhard´s in the document. Eberhard & his wife had three children:

a) KONRAD "Kurzbold" ([885/90]-30 Jun 948, bur Limburg St Georg). "Hludouuicus…rex" gave property "in pago Loganahe…Brichene" to "Chuonrato…comiti nostro filio Eberhardi" in connection with the foundation of St Georg at Limburg-an-der-Lahn by charter dated 10 Feb 910 which also names "Chuonrati…ducis et…nepotem nostri"[218]. Widukind names "Conradi Evurhardi filii"[219]. His birth date range is estimated on the assumption that he was a young adult when he was granted property in 910. Graf im Wormsgau 907: "Hludouuicus…rex" gave property "in pago Wormatiense in comitatu Cunradi in villa…Dienenheim" to the monk Sigolf at Lorsch by charter dated 22 Oct 907[220]. Graf im Unterlahngau, when he founded St Georg at Limburg in 910 (see charter quoted above). "Chuonradus…rex" granted property "in loco Munichinga in pago Chlethgeuue" to Kloster St Gallen by charter dated 11 Mar 912 at the request of "comitum quoque Erchangarii et Chuonradi, Odalrici, Hugonis"[221]. "Chuonradus…rex" made donations by charter dated 5 Mar 912 with the consent of "fidelium nostrorum comitum vero Sigihardi, Arnolfi, Erichangarii, Odalrici, Perchtoldi, Chuonradi, Herimanni, Luitfredi atque Iringi"[222]. "Chuonradus…rex" granted property to Diotolf Bishop of Chur on the advice of "Erchangarii comitis palatii, Perahtoldi, Chuonradi, Henrici" by charter dated 25 Sep 912[223]. "Chuonradus…rex" confirmed privileges to Kloster Murbach by charter dated 12 Mar 913 with the consent of "fidelium nostrorum…Erchangarii, Chuonradi, Hugonis, Ottonis, Heinrici, Bopponis, Udalrici, Eberhardi"[224]. "Heinricus…rex" granted property to "in pago Hegouue in eodem comitatu…in loco Siginga" to "Baboni…comitis Burchardi vassallo" after consultation with "Burchardi, Ebarhardi, Chuonradi, Heinrici atque Utonis…comitum" by charter dated 30 Nov 920[225]. Graf im Ahregau 927. "Alfuuinus ac…coniux mea Ada" donated property "…in pago Achgouue…in comitatu Kuonradi comitis in villa Blitgeresuuilere…" to the Ursulastift in Köln by charter dated 12 Mar 927, signed by "…Euerhardi comitis, Adalhardi comitis…"[226]. Graf im Wormsgau 932: "Henricus…rex" granted property "in Triburi in pago Engilia in comitatu Megenwardi [et] in Istat in pago Nabelgowe in comitatu Meginwardi eiusdem et in Merseburc in pago Hosgowe in comitatu Sigifridi" to Kloster Fulda in exchange for property "in Abunheim in pago Warmazgowe in comitatu Chunradi" by charter dated 3 Jun 932[227]. ["Wiltrud mater Cunradi cum manu eiusdem filii sui" donated "omnem decimationem in Dissermark et in Brubechermark et in Lonstein" to "monasterium…Marcellini et Petri…situm in superiori Mulnheim…Selgenstat nuncupatur" by charter dated 933[228]. This donation was confirmed by Heinrich II King of Germany by a charter dated 30 Jan [1012/13] which relates to the donation to Kloster Seligenstatt by "matrone Wildrudis et Conradi filii sui" of "omnem decimationem suam…in Dissermark et in Brubechermark et in Lonsteyn"[229].] "Otto…rex" donated "Meriske [Mörsch] in pago Vfgowe in comitatu Gebehardi" to the church of Speier "Baboni eiusdem comitis Burchardi vassallo in pago Hegouue" by charter dated 12 Feb 940 at the request of "Chuonradi…comitis nostri"[230]. "Otto…rex" granted property "prædium quale Eburhardus comes in loco Ubitisheim in pago Logenahe" to the church of Limburg St Georg at the request of "Chuonradi comitis" by charter dated 20 Apr 940[231]. "Otto…rex" granted property "in pago Blesensi…et in pago Salnense et…infra civitatem Mettis…et in pago Bettense" to Kloster St Maximin Trier at the request of "germani nostri Heinrici…et Chuonradi comitis" by charter dated 3 Jun 940[232]. Wichfrid Archbishop of Köln donated property "in villa vel marka…Engilestat…in pago Wormacensi in comitatu Kuonradi" to the Ursulastift in Köln by charter dated 23 Nov 941[233]. "Otto…rex" granted protection to Kloster Limburg founded by "comes…Cuonradus…in castello sue proprietatis Lintburc" by charter dated 2 Jun 942[234]. Graf im Nahegau 942: "Otto…rex" granted property "Niuunchirika…in pago Nahgouue in forastre Wasogo in comitatu…Cunradi" to Bishop Richgowe at the request of "Cunradi comitis" by charter dated 22 Oct 942[235]. "Otto…rex" donated property "in forasto…Lutara…in pago Nahgouue…in comitatu Cuonradi" to "fideli nostro Franco" at the request of "ducis…Cuonradi" by charter dated 17 Dec 945[236]. "Otto…rex" confirmed the immunities of Kloster Essen including over land "excepta in loco Ruoldinghus quam Eggihart et eius coniunx Rikilt" possessed by hereditary right and in land "in comitatu Ecberti et Cobbonis" by charter dated 15 Jan 947, signed by "Heinrici fratris regis, Herimanni ducis, Cuonradi comitis, Erenfridi comitis, Gebehardi comitis, Ekkihardi comitis, Hugonis comitis"[237]. Graf im Lobdengau 948: "Otto…rex" granted property "in villa Hemmingersbach…in pago Rinecgouue in comitatu Vdonis comitis…in pago Lobotengouue in comitatu Cunradi comitis" to "clerico Liuthere" by charter dated 28 Feb 948[238]. Regino records the death in 948 of "Chuonradus comes filius Eberhardi"[239].

b) GEBHARD (-after 15 Jan 947). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf im Ufgau 940: "Otto…rex" donated "Meriske [Mörsch] in pago Vfgowe in comitatu Gebehardi" to the church of Speier "Baboni eiusdem comitis Burchardi vassallo in pago Hegouue" by charter dated 12 Feb 940 at the request of "Chuonradi…comitis nostri"[240]. "Otto…rex" confirmed the immunities of Kloster Essen including over land "excepta in loco Ruoldinghus quam Eggihart et eius coniunx Rikilt" possessed by hereditary right and in land "in comitatu Ecberti et Cobbonis" by charter dated 15 Jan 947, signed by "Heinrici fratris regis, Herimanni ducis, Cuonradi comitis, Erenfridi comitis, Gebehardi comitis, Ekkihardi comitis, Hugonis comitis"[241]. m [ADELA], daughter of ---. Graf Gebhard's wife is not named explicitly in the sources so far consulted. However, an "Adela" is named in a name-list in the Reichenau memorial book dated [926/32] which appears to include members of the Konradiner family, Jackman suggesting that she is well placed in the list to be Graf Gebhard's wife[242], although this is not the only possible interpretation. Jackman suggests[243] that she was [Adela] de Vermandois, daughter of Héribert I Comte de Vermandois, although based solely only on onomastic grounds. Graf Gebhard & his wife had one child:

i) KONRAD [Kuno] ([915/20]-26 Apr 982). Regino records that in 950 "Chuonradis filius Gebehardis comitis quoniam cum quadem nepte regis se concubuisse sibi imposuit, a quodam Burchardo Saxone monomachia victus, fefellise patuit"[244]. His birth date range is estimated for consistency with the careers of the other known members of his family. Thietmar records that "a certain Cono defamed the emperor's daughter Conrad's wife and claimed that she had secretly become his wife", but that he lost his right hand in the duel with "Count Burchard" which resulted[245]. It has been assumed that "Cono" should be identified with Konrad son of Gebhard. Vogt von Schwarzach. Graf im Lobdengau: "Otto…rex" granted property to Worms St Peter, among which "tertiam parte…in castello Lobodunburg…in pago Lobodungouue in comitatu Counradi", by charter dated 13 Jan 953[246]. The necrology of Fulda records the death "982 VI Kal Mai" of "Cuonrat com"[247]. m ---. The name of Konrad's wife is not known. Graf Konrad & his wife had one child:

(a) KONRAD [Kuno] ([940/45][248]-). The notice concerning the Hammerstein marriage dispute names (in its first part) "Gebehard et Udo nepotes, filii duorum fratrum. Gebehard genuit Cunonem. Udo genuit Ottonem. Cuno genuit Cunonem. Heribertus genuit Ottonem"[249].

c) [EBERHARD (-[944]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf im Nahegau: "Otto…rex" granted property "in pago Nahgowe in comitatu Eburhardi comitis in villa…Winteresheim" to Kloster St Alban near Mainz at the request of "Hattoni…comitis" by charter dated 29 May 937[250]. "Otto…rex" granted property "in pago Nahgouue in foresto Wasago…in comitatu…Eburharti" to the church at Worms at the request of "comitis…Eburharti" by charter dated 30 May 937[251]. "Otto…rex" granted property "in occidentali Francia…quondam Eburharti comitis" to Kloster Hersfeld by charter dated 27 Mar 948[252]. m ---. The name of Eberhard's wife is not known. Graf Eberhard & his wife had [four] children:

i) [EBERHARD (-10 May 966). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Jackman discusses[253] the evidence for the affiliation of Eberhard Graf von Ladengau, his brothers and the descendants of the latter. "Otto…rex" granted property "prædium quale Eburhardus comes in loco Ubitisheim in pago Logenahe" to the church of Limburg St Georg at the request of "Chuonradi comitis" by charter dated 20 Apr 940[254]. "Otto…rex" donated property "in villa…Nesine in pago Loginahe in comitatu Eburhardi" to Mainz St Alban by charter dated 4 Apr 958[255]. "Otto…rex" granted property "in pago Hessi in comitatu comitis…Bern in loco Uuestnetri" held by "Bruninc comes filiusque eius Amalunc" to "fideli nostro Retolt" at the request of "comitis Ebarhardi" by charter dated 16 Nov 958[256]. "Eberharti comitis, Guntharii comitis, Burgharti comitis, Vtonis comitis, Cuonrates comitis, Ernustes" signed the charter dated 13 Feb 962 under which Emperor Otto I confirmed the appointment of Pope John XII[257]. The Continuator of Regino records the death in 966 of "comes Eberhardus" but does not give his parentage[258]. The Chronicon of Mariano Scotti records the death in 966 of "Eberhardus comes"[259]. The necrology of Fulda records the death "966 VI Id Mai" of "Eburhart com"[260]. Graf im Nahegau und Lahngau: "Otto…imperator augustus" donated "monasterium puellarium Kescelenheim in pago et comitatu Meinefelt" and property "in pago Nahgeuue…Hagenenmunistar…in comitatu Emichonis comitis…et in pago Spirihgeuui in comitatu Gerungi comitis", all previously owned by "Cuonradus et Eberhardus…exheredes et inlegales sunt adiuciati…idem fratres", to churches in Magdeburg by two charters dated 24 Aug 966 and by charter dated 27 Aug 966[261]. It is possible that Konrad and Eberhard were members of the Konradiner family, and brothers (unless the term "fratres" is used in a broader sense), but there is no indication of the date of the original confiscation of the properties in question nor whether the two individuals were still alive at the time of the charters. Conclusive identification of the two individuals is therefore not possible.]

ii) [KONRAD [Kuno] (-[986]). Widukind names "Conradi…Evurhardi filii" as amicus of Duke Konrad in connection with a battle wound in 953[262], although it is not certain that the text refers to this Konrad. "Eberharti comitis, Guntharii comitis, Burgharti comitis, Vtonis comitis, Cuonrates comitis, Ernustes" signed the charter dated 13 Feb 962 under which Emperor Otto I confirmed the appointment of Pope John XII[263]. "Otto…imperator augustus" donated property "abbatiam Mosebach…in pago Wingarituueibon Cononis comitatu" to the church of Worms by charter dated 15 Nov 976[264].] m ---. The name of Konrad's wife is not known. The name of her supposed son Megingoz suggests a close family relationship with the family of Megingoz, Grafen im Wormsgau (see Chapter 6 in this document), assuming that his affiliation is correct as postulated below. Graf Konrad & his wife had [two children]:

(a) [EBERHARD (-[29 Aug 975/18 Apr 980]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. "Otto…imperator augustus" confirmed rights in property "in pago Moiinegouwe in comitatu Eberhardi comitis" to the church of St Petrus at Aschaffenburg by charter dated 29 Aug 975[265]. Graf von Maingau.]

(b) [MEGINGOZ [Meingaud] (-[1010]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. His name of course suggests a close family relationship with the family of Megingoz, Grafen im Wormsgau. "Otto…imperator augustus" confirmed rights in property "Ozenheim, Dettinga villis…in pago Moiinegouwes in comitatu Megengozi comitis" to the church of St Petrus at Aschaffenburg by charter dated 18 Apr 980[266]. "Otto…rex" confirmed rights to Salamann Abbot of Lorsch in "villa Wezinloch in comitatu Megingaudi filii Cunonis comitis" by charter dated 14 Jan 987[267].]

iii) [UDO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. This affiliation is assumed to be correct by Jackman, although no source is cited in support[268]. Graf von Maienfeld. He was outlawed in 966.]

iv) [BURKHARD . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. This affiliation is assumed to be correct by Jackman, although no source is cited in support[269].]

3. GEBHARD (-killed in battle near Augsburg [22] Jun 910). Regino records the war in 902 between "Adalbertus cum fratribus Adalhardo et Heinrico" against "Eberhardum et Gebehardum et Rodulfum fratres", specifying that "postmodum iussu Gebehardi decollatus est"[270]. Regino names "Chuonradus senior [et] frater eius Gebehardus", specifying that Gebhard "in Weidereiba poterat"[271]. Duke of Lotharingia. "Hludowicus…rex" confirmed privileges to Kloster St Gallen by charter dated 24 Jun 903 in which among "fidelium nostrum" was listed "…Kebehart dux regni quod a multis Hlotharii dicitur…"[272]. "Hludowicus…rex" confirmed property of Stift Kaiserswerth naming "Cuonrat…propinquus noster et abba cœnobii sancti Suithberti" at the request of "comitum…Cuonrati…et Gebeharti" by charter dated 3 Aug 904[273]. Graf im Wormsgau: "Hludowicus…rex" confirmed property of the church of Worms including "res in pago Wormazfelde in comitatu Kuonrati" which "comes Gebehartus" held, by charter dated 2 Sep 906[274]. "Hludowicus…rex" confirmed an exchange of properties between Kloster Fulda and Kloster Echternach after consulting "fidelium nostrorum comitum vero Kebeharti, Liutpoldi, Burcharti, Eginonis, Liutfredi, Iringi et Cunpoldi" by charter dated 19 Mar 907[275]. Graf in der Wetterau 909: "Hludowicus…rex" granted property "locum Salchinmunstere…in comitatu Gebehardi et in pago Wetereibia" by charter dated 13 Dec 909[276]. Regino records the death of "Gebeardus comes" fighting the Hungarians[277]. m ---. The identity of Gebhard's wife is not known with certainty. Jackman highlights the Liber Memorialis of Remiremont which lists (in order) "Gebardi duci, Hidda, Riquinus, Christianus, Raginfridus". He associates the first two with Duke Gebhard [Konradiner] & his wife, whom he therefore speculates was named HIDDA [Ida], and the last three with the family of Gebhard's wife[278]. Jackman speculates[279] that the wife of Duke Gebhard may have been a sister of Hermann Archbishop of Köln, and descended from Christian [I] Graf von Grabfeld, possibly the daughter of Christian [II] Graf im Grabfeld. This series of suppositions provides support for his theory that Gebhard's grandson Otto was the same person as Otto Graf von Grabfeld. Duke Gebhard & his wife had two children:

a) UDO ([895/900]-949). Regino names "duobus filiis suis [=Gebeardus comes] …pueris Udone et Herimanno" when recording their father's death fighting the Hungarians in 910[280]. His birth date range is estimated from Regino thus describing him as "puer" on the death of his father, but bearing in mind the likely birth date range of his own son Gebhard. "Chuonradus…rex" confirmed privileges to the bishopric of Utrecht by charter dated 9 Jul 914 at the request of "Udonem consanguineum nostrum Vualdergerumque comitem"[281]. Liudprand names "Huto sane" as brother of "Herimanni Suevorum ducis"[282]. Graf in der Wetterau 914: "Chuonradus…rex" granted property "in comitatu Otonis in pago Wetereiba" to Weilburg church by charter dated 24 Apr 914[283]. "Chuonradus…rex" confirmed property to the bishopric of Utrecht at the request of "Udonem consanguineum nostrum Vualdgerumque comitum" by charter dated 9 Jul 914[284]. Graf im Rheingau 917: "Chuonradus…rex" granted property "in pago Rinicgouue in comitatu Utonis" to "capellano Werinolf" by charter dated 3 Nov 917[285]. Graf im Lahngau 918. He founded St Maria at Wetzlar 914-915. "Heinricus…rex" granted property to "in pago Hegouue in eodem comitatu…in loco Siginga" to "Baboni…comitis Burchardi vassallo" after consultation with "Burchardi, Ebarhardi, Chuonradi, Heinrici atque Utonis…comitum" by charter dated 30 Nov 920[286]. Graf im Rheingau 948: "Otto…rex" granted property "in villa Hemmingersbach…in pago Rinecgouue in comitatu Vdonis comitis…in pago Lobotengouue in comitatu Cunradi comitis" to "clerico Liuthere" by charter dated 28 Feb 948[287]. Thietmar records that "Udo" killed Eberhard[288], which is assumed to refer to Udo son of Gebhard, Eberhard being his first cousin. The necrology of Fulda records the death in 949 of "Uto comes"[289]. Regino records the death in 950 of "Uto comes"[290]. m ([915]) [CUNIGUNDIS] de Vermandois, daughter of HERIBERT I Comte de Vermandois & his wife [Liedgardis] ([890/900][291]-after 943). The Vermandois origin of Graf Udo's wife is suggested by the fact that Flodoard refers to the wife of "Uddone [frater Hermanno]" as amita of "Hugo [de Vermandois Archbishop of Reims]"[292]. The name of Graf Udo's wife is not given explicitly in the sources. However, a "Cunegundis" is named in a name-list in the Reichenau memorial book dated [926/32] which appears to include members of the Konradiner family, Jackman suggesting that she is well placed in the list to be Graf Gebhard's wife[293], although this is not the only possible interpretation. Udo & his wife had three children:

i) GEBHARD ([918/20]-killed in battle 938). Widukind names "Gevehardus, Udonis filius, fratris Herimanni ducis" when recording his death while suppressing the rebellion of Thankmar[294]. His birth date range is estimated from the likely birth date range of his father and assuming that Gebhard was an adolescent or young adult when he died.

ii) OTTO ([920/25]-). The notice concerning the Hammerstein marriage dispute names (in its first part) "Gebehard et Udo nepotes, filii duorum fratrum. Gebehard genuit Cunonem. Udo genuit Ottonem. Cuno genuit Cunonem. Heribertus genuit Ottonem"[295]. It is not impossible that Otto was the same person as Udo's son Udo, although this text suggests that the two names were from different roots.

iii) UDO (-26 Aug 965). Regino records the election as Bishop of Strasbourg in 950 of "Udo filius Udonis comitis"[296]. He was elected Bishop of Strasbourg 13 Aug 950.

b) HERMANN (-10 Dec 949, bur Reichenau Island). Regino names "duobus filiis suis [=Gebeardus comes] …pueris Udone et Herimanno" when recording their father's death fighting the Hungarians in 910[297]. Graf 914-915. He was installed in 926 as HERMANN I Duke of Swabia by Heinrich I King of Germany after the murder of Duke Burkhard II[298].

- DUKES of SWABIA.

4. RUDOLF (-killed in battle in Thuringia 3 Aug 908). Regino names "Ruodolfus…frater Chuonradi et Gebehardi comitem" when recording his appointment as Bishop of Würzburg in 892[299]. Regino records "magna discordianum" between "Rodulfum episcopum Wirziburgensem" and "filios Heinrici ducis, Adalbertum, Adalhardum et Heinricum" in 897[300]. Regino records the war in 902 between "Adalbertus cum fratribus Adalhardo et Heinrico" against "Eberhardum et Gebehardum et Rodulfum fratres"[301]. Regino records that in 903 "Adalbertus Rodulfum episcopum Wiziburgensis ecclesia fugat"[302]. Bishop of Würzburg 892/908. The Annales Alamannicorum record that "Burchardus dux Toringorum et Ruodolfus episcopu Eginoque" were killed in battle by the Hungarians in 908[303].

Four children, brothers and sister:

Considerable controversy surrounds the paternity of these children. Graf Konrad son of Gebhard (died 982) and Graf Udo son of Gebhard (died 949) have both been proposed as their father, Jackman being the principal proponent of the former theory while Hlavitschka has written extensively in support of the latter. It is unnecessary to repeat the detailed arguments in support of each case, as they are fully set out elsewhere, and particularly because each has appeal and neither is obviously preferable. From a purely chronological point of view, the estimated birth date range of the daughter Judith does suggest more difficulty in sustaining the argument in favour of Graf Konrad being their father. The introduction of the name Heribert into the family suggests a strong family connection between these four siblings and the Vermandois family. As shown above, it is suspected that the wives of Gebhard (died 949) and Udo son of Gebhard (also died 949) were daughters of Héribert I Comte de Vermandois. However, in neither case is it obvious that the four siblings shown below were descended from these sisters. In the case of Gebhard, it appears difficult to identify his known son Konrad with Konrad who succeeded as duke of Swabia in 983, and (as noted above) it is chronologically hard to sustain that the siblings were the children of Gebhard's known son Konrad. In the case of Udo son of Gebhard, his known son Udo was recorded as bishop of Strasbourg so could not be the same person as Udo, one of the four siblings shown below, who was killed in 982. All these reservations suggest that there may be a completely different explanation for the parentage of these four siblings from the two theories of Jackman and Hlavitschka.

1. JUDITH ([925/30]-16 Oct [973], bur Heslinge). "Iuditham sororem Udonis ducis qui postmodum in Calabria sub Ottone Rufo cum multis occubuit" is named by the Annalista Saxo, which specifies that Judith had three sons "Heinricum, Udonem et Sigefridum" and three daughters (unnamed), constructed the castle "qui Herseveld dicitur" and was buried with her husband (unnamed) at Heslinge[304]. Her birth date range is estimated from her giving birth to her eldest son in [946]. m ([946]) as his first wife, HEINRICH von Stade Graf im Heilangau, son of LOTHAR II Graf von Stade & his wife Swanehild --- (-11 May 976, bur Kloster Heeringen).

2. UDO (-killed in battle Cotrone, in Calabria 14 Jul 982). "Iuditham sororem Udonis ducis qui postmodum in Calabria sub Ottone Rufo cum multis occubuit" is named by the Annalista Saxo[305]. "Eberharti comitis, Guntharii comitis, Burgharti comitis, Vtonis comitis, Cuonrates comitis, Ernustes" signed the charter dated 13 Feb 962 under which Emperor Otto I confirmed the appointment of Pope John XII[306]. He was killed fighting in Emperor Otto II's army against the Saracens[307]. Thietmar records the death of "Udo comes…matris meæ avunculus" in battle in Calabria 13 Jul[308], Thietmar's mother being the daughter of Udo's sister Judith. The Annales Einsidlenses record that "Uto et Guntharius duces…Berehtaldus comes" were killed fighting the Sarracens in Sicily in 982[309]. The necrology of Fulda records the death in 982 of "Uto dux"[310].

3. KONRAD von Öhningen (-20 Aug 997). Thietmar names "Conradus Suevorum ductor…eiusdem frater Heribertus comes" when recording their deaths[311]. As explained under Heribert (see below), the same source indicates in other passages that Heribert was probably the brother of Judith. He succeeded in 983 as KONRAD Duke of Swabia. Graf im Rheingau 985 and 995. Graf im Ufgau 987. Graf in der Ortenau 994.

- DUKES of SWABIA.

4. HERIBERT (-992). Thietmar names "Conradus Suevorum ductor…eiusdem frater Heribertus comes" when recording their deaths[312]. The fact that the two brothers must have also been brothers of Udo and Judith is demonstrated by Thietmar referring to "nepos meus Oddo et uxor eius Irmirgerd…" in 1018[313], and recording the death of "Gevehardus, Heriberti comitis filius, nepos meus" in 1016[314], both Otto and Gebhard being recorded elsewhere as the sons of Heribert. Pfalzgraf in 959. Heinrich Archbishop of Trier confirmed the foundation of the church at Humbach at the request of "ducis Herimanni…Cuonradi comitis" by charter dated 959, witnessed by "…Hernbertes comes palatinus…"[315]. Graf im Kinziggau 976. "Otto…rex" donated property "in pago et in comitatu Nachgouue…Vuormacensis et …Spirensi" held "until now [hactenus]" by "Heribertus comes" to Kloster St Maximin at Trier by charter dated 29 May 992[316]. The necrology of Fulda records the death in 992 of "Heribraht com"[317]. m IMIZA [Irmintrudis], daughter of MEGINGOZ Graf & his wife Gerberge [Matfriede] ([950/60]-). The Vita Adelheidis names "Irminthrudis, Alverad [et] Berthrada" as the three sisters of Adeleid, daughters of "Megengoz" & his wife, specifying that Irminthrudis was grandmother of "Heinrici magnifici ducis et Adhelberonis Metensis episcopi, Friderici ducis"[318]. Her birth date range is estimated from the birth date of her mother. Heribert & his wife had four children:

a) OTTO von Hammerstein (-[5 Jun] 1036). Thietmar names "Heriberti comitis filio Ottone" when recording that he was among those sent by Heinrich II King of Germany to Lombardy after his election to quell unrest[319]. The notice concerning the Hammerstein marriage dispute names (in its first part) "Gebehard et Udo nepotes, filii duorum fratrum. Gebehard genuit Cunonem. Udo genuit Ottonem. Cuno genuit Cunonem. Heribertus genuit Ottonem"[320]. Graf in der Wetterau 1016. Graf im Engersgau 1019. The necrology of Fulda records the death in 1036 of "Otto com"[321]. m IRMGARD, daughter of GODEFROI Comte de Verdun & his wife Mathilde of Saxony [Billung] ([970/85]-[5 Feb 1041/5 Jan 1043]). Thietmar records the excommunication of "nepos meus Oddo et uxor eius Irmirgerd, consanguinitate proxima iniuste diu coniuncti" in 1018, providing no details of the relationship between the two, and in a later passage their separation[322]. It is unlikely that Irmgard could have been born later than [985] in light of the known birth date of her mother in [942]. The validity of her marriage was challenged by the church on grounds of consanguinity, the dispute continuing for ten years before the marriage was finally accepted[323]. "Heinricus…rex" granted property "in villis Harive, Vals, Apine, Falchenberch…in pago Livgowe et in comitatu Dietbaldi comitis" to "Irmingardæ nepti nostræ" by charter dated 5 Feb 1041, on the petition of "ducum Gozelonis filiique sui Gotefridi"[324]. "Heinricus…rex" restituted property to Kloster Hersfeld "post obitum Hirmingarde comitissæ" which Emperor Konrad II had granted to Graf Otto, by charter dated 5 Jan 1043[325]. Otto & his wife had one child:

i) UDO (-1034). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. The necrology of Fulda records the death in 1034 of "Hutho com"[326].

b) GEBHARD (-8 Nov 1016). Thietmar records the death of "Gevehardus, Heriberti comitis filius, nepos meus" in 1016[327].

c) daughter (-after 985). The parentage of the wife of Graf Friedrich is suggested by the Vita Adelheidis which names "Irminthrudis, Alverad [et] Berthrada" as the three sisters of Adelheid, daughters of "Megengoz" & his wife, specifying that Irminthrudis was grandmother of "Heinrici magnifici ducis et Adhelberonis Metensis episcopi, Friderici ducis"[328], although the primary source which confirms the name of her father has not yet been identified. Heiress of Gleiberg. m FRIEDRICH Graf im Moselgau, son of SIEGFRIED Comte [de Luxembourg] & his wife Hedwig --- (-6 Oct 1019).

d) GERBERGA ([975/80]-after 1036). Thietmar names "Ottone germano sui", referring to Gerberga wife of Heinrich von Schweinfurt, whose captivity is recorded in the preceding paragraph, an earlier paragraph referring to "Heriberti comitis filio Ottone" which appears to refer to the same Otto[329]. An alternative possibility is that Gerberga was the daughter of Otto Graf von Grabfeld (see below), the solution chosen by Europäische Stammtafeln[330], but this assumes that the two references to "Otto" in Thietmar were to different individuals. It is also less likely chronologically as it would appear that Otto Graf von Grabfeld was several decades older than Otto Graf von Hammerstein. Her birth date range is estimated on the basis of her daughter Eilika having given birth to her first child in [1020]. Thietmar states that Gerberga and her children were guarded by her husband's brother Bukko during their rebellion against Heinrich II King of Germany in 1003[331]. m (before 1003) HEINRICH von Schweinfurt Graf im Nordgau, son of Graf BERNHARD & his wife Eilika von Walbeck ([970/75][332]-18 Sep 1017, bur Schweinfurt).

The relationship, if any, between the following small family sub-group and the Konradiner family has not been established, although the names Kuno and Uda suggest that there may be a connection.

1. KUNO . m JUTTA, daughter of ---. "Dux Cuno de Beckilnheim" and his wife "Jutta" donated property to Disibodenburg in memory of their daughter Uda[333].

a) UDA . "Dux Cuno de Beckilnheim" and his wife "Jutta" donated property to Disibodenburg in memory of their daughter Uda[334].

Chapter 5. GRAFEN im NAHEGAU

A. SALIAN DYNASTY

WERNER, son of --- (-[920]). Graf im Speyergau 906: "Hludouuicus…rex" gave property "in pago Spirahgovuue in comitatu Uuerenherii in loco Titinesheim…quicquid Mahtfrid in villa…tenuit" to the bishopric of Worms by charter dated 4 Nov 906[335].

m ---. The name of Werner's wife is not known.

Graf Werner & his wife had [three or more] children:

1. KONRAD "der Rote/Rufus" (-killed in battle Lechfeld 10 Aug 955, bur Worms Cathedral[336]). Regino records the succession in 943 of "Chuonradus filius Werinheri" as duke after the death of "Otto dux"[337]. It is assumed that "Werinheri" was the same person as Werner who is named in the 906 charter cited above, but this is not beyond doubt. He was installed as KONRAD Duke of Lotharingia in [945]. Widukind records that "Conrado" was installed as Duke of Lotharingia after the deaths of "Oddone, Lothariorum præside, ac regis nepote Heinrico"[338]. "Otto…rex" donated property to Kloster St Petrus Gorze at the request of "Cuonradi Lodariensis ducis" by charter dated 13 Jul 945[339]. Graf im Nahegau: "Otto…rex" donated property "in forasto…Lutara…in pago Nahgouue…in comitatu Cuonradi" to "fideli nostro Franco" at the request of "ducis…Cuonradi" by charter dated 17 Dec 945[340]. "Chuonradus dux Wernharii comitis filius" donated property to the church of Speyer by charter dated 13 Mar 946[341]. Graf im Niddagau: "Otto…rex" granted property "in pago Nitehgouue in comitatu Cuonradi ducis" to "nostro villico Vuetti" at the request of "Cuonardi nostri…comitis" by charter dated 14 Feb 947[342]. "Otto…rex" granted property to the church of Cambrai at the request of "germani nostri Brunonis et Cuonradi ducis atque Herimanni ducis" by charter dated 30 Apr 948[343]. "Otto…rex" confirmed the possession of Abtei Süsteren by Kloster Prüm by charter dated 1 Jun 949, signed by "Cuonradus dux, Herimannus dux, Hezzo comes, Godefridus comes, Rudolfus comes, Reginherus comes"[344]. "Otto…rex" granted property confiscated from "Hatto Aladramque fratres…in villis Bechi et Auici situm in pago Ganipi in comitatu Arnulfi" to the church of St Florin, Koblenz at the request of "ducis nostri Cuonradi eius coniugis filiæ nostræ Liutgartæ" by charter dated 22 Nov 949[345]. He rebelled against his father-in-law, together with his brother-in-law Liudolf Duke of Swabia, but was ultimately forgiven, although deposed in 953 as Duke of Lotharingia. He was killed fighting the Magyars near Augsburg[346]. The necrology of Fulda records the death "955 Id Aug" of "Cuonrat dux"[347]. The necrology of Lüneburg records the death "10 Aug" of "Conradus dux"[348]. The necrology of St Gall records the death "IV Id Aug" of "Perchtoldi comitis et Chuonradi ducis et Uodalrici ac Thietpoldi comitum aliorumque multorem ab Ungaris occisorum"[349]. "Chuonradus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property to the church of Worms naming "filii nostri Heinrici Regis, filie quoque nostre Beatricis" for the souls of "parentum nostrorum defunctorum atavi nostri ducis Chuonradi, avie nostre Iudithe, patris nostri Heinrici, patrui nostri ducis Chuonradi eiusque coniugis Mathildis, sororis etiam nostre Iudithe", all buried at Worms Cathedral, by charter dated 30 Jan 1034[350]. m ([947]) LIUTGARD of Saxony, daughter of OTTO I "dem Großen" King of Germany & his first wife Eadgyth of Wessex ([931]-18 Nov 953, bur St Alban near Mainz). Regino records that in 947 "Chuonradus dux…Liutgardam filiam regis in matrimonium sumpsit"[351]. "Liudolfo et Liutgarde" are named as the two children of King Otto I and his wife Eadgyth[352]. Widukind records that "Conrado" Duke of Lotharingia married "unicam filiam [regis]"[353]. Duke Konrad & his wife had one child:

a) OTTO (-4 Nov 1004, bur [Bruchsal]). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Ottonem" as son of "duci Wormatie Conrado", specifying that he was father of "Cono dux et Henricus pater imperatoris Conradi"[354]. Graf im Nahegau.

- see below.

2. sons . The primary source which confirms their parentage has not yet been identified.

OTTO, son of KONRAD Duke [of Lotharingia] & his wife Liutgard of Saxony (-4 Nov 1004, bur [Bruchsal]). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Ottonem" as son of "duci Wormatie Conrado", specifying that he was father of "Cono dux et Henricus pater imperatoris Conradi"[355]. Graf im Nahegau 956: "Otto…rex" granted property "in pago Nahgouue in forasto…Vuasago…in comitatu Ottonis filii Cuonradi ducis" to Worms St Peter by charter dated 8 Mar 956[356]. He was installed as OTTO Duke of Carinthia by Otto II King of Germany in 978 after the trial of Heinrich Duke of Carinthia who had been implicated in the rebellion of Heinrich II "der Zänker" Duke of Bavaria[357]. Duke Otto was deprived of Carinthia in 985 when it was returned to Duke Heinrich I [Liutpoldinger], but allowed to retain the ducal title and granted lands around Worms and Frankfurt[358]. He was restored as Duke of Carinthia from 995 to 1002. Presumably he is the "Duke Otto" who is listed first among those presiding over a court hearing in the presence of Emperor Otto III at Pavia 14 Oct 1001 [359]. According to Thietmar, he was proposed as candidate for the imperial throne in 1002 but declined the offer[360]. Thietmar names "Duke Otto of Carinthia and Verona" among those sent by Heinrich II King of Germany to Lombardy after his election to quell unrest[361]. Wipo names "Ottone duce Francorum" when recording the names of his sons[362]. The necrology of Fulda records the death "1003 II Non Nov" of "Otto dux"[363].

m JUDITH, daughter of --- (-991, bur Worms Cathedral). "Chuonradus… Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property to the church of Worms naming "filii nostri Heinrici Regis, filie quoque nostre Beatricis" for the souls of "parentum nostrorum defunctorum atavi nostri ducis Chuonradi, avie nostre Iudithe, patris nostri Heinrici, patrui nostri ducis Chuonradi eiusque coniugis Mathildis, sororis etiam nostre Iudithe", all buried at Worms Cathedral, by charter dated 30 Jan 1034[364]. According to Wegener[365], Judith was the daughter of Heinrich, son of Arnulf Duke of Bavaria [Liutpoldinger], but he cites no primary source to support the suggestion.

Duke Otto & his wife had [four] children:

1. HEINRICH (-28 Sep [989/1000], bur Worms cathedral). Wipo names "Hezil et Chuono…Brunone et Willihelmo" as sons of "Ottone duce Francorum"[366]. m as her first husband, ADELHEID, daughter of [RICHARD Graf von Metz or GERHARD Graf von Metz] [Matfride] & his wife --- (-19 May [1039/46], bur Öhningen Stiftskirche). Wipo names "Adalheida ex nobilissima gente Litharingorum oriunda…soror…comitem Gerhardi et Adalberti" as mother of "maioris Chuononis"[367]. She married secondly ---, as suggested by the Vita Meinwerci which names "Gebehardus iuvenis, frater imperatoris" when recording his tonsure at the synod in 1028[368], Gerhard not being named elsewhere as full brother of Emperor Konrad I. "Heinricus…rex" donated property "Lohwilare in pago Bietgowe in comitatu Bezelini comitis…ex avia nostra domina Adelheit iure hereditario suscepimus" to the cathedral of Speyer by charter dated 7 Sep 1046[369]. Graf Heinrich & his wife had two children:

a) KONRAD ([990]-Utrecht 4 Jun 1039, bur Speyer cathedral). Herimannus names "Counradus senior, filius Heinrici et Adalheidæ" when recording his candidacy to succeed as king of Germany in 1024[370]. He was elected KONRAD II King of Germany at Chamba, Rheingau 4 Sep 1024, crowned at Mainz 8 Sep 1024. Crowned King of Italy at Milan Mar 1026. Crowned Emperor KONRAD I at Rome 26 Mar 1027.

- KINGS of GERMANY.

b) JUDITH (-[998], before 30 Jan 1034, bur Worms Cathedral). "Chuonradus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property to the church of Worms naming "filii nostri Heinrici Regis, filie quoque nostre Beatricis" for the souls of "parentum nostrorum defunctorum atavi nostri ducis Chuonradi, avie nostre Iudithe, patris nostri Heinrici, patrui nostri ducis Chuonradi eiusque coniugis Mathildis, sororis etiam nostre Iudithe", all buried at Worms Cathedral, by charter dated 30 Jan 1034[371]. As all the relatives mentioned were members of Emperor Konrad's direct agnatic family, it is unlikely that Judith was her mother's daughter by her second marriage.

2. BRUNO (-Rome 18 Feb or 12 Mar 999, bur Rome, St Peter's). Herimannus names "Counradus dux Carentani, filius Ottonis ducis fraterque Brunonis dudum papæ" when recording his death in 1012[372]. Wipo names "Hezil et Chuono…Brunone et Willihelmo" as sons of "Ottone duce Francorum", specifying that Bruno was elected Pope as Gregory[373]. Elected Pope GREGORY V 3 May 996. Thietmar records the death in Rome of Pope Gregory on 4 Feb[374].

3. KONRAD (-12 or 15 Dec 1011, bur Worms Cathedral). Herimannus names "Counradus dux Carentani, filius Ottonis ducis fraterque Brunonis dudum papæ" when recording his death in 1012[375]. Wipo names "Hezil et Chuono…Brunone et Willihelmo" as sons of "Ottone duce Francorum"[376]. Candidate for the Imperial throne 1002. He was installed as KONRAD I Duke of Carinthia in 1004. The necrology of Fulda records the death "1011 II Id Dec" of "Cuonradus dux"[377]. m ([1002]) as her first husband, MATHILDE of Swabia, daughter of HERMANN II Duke of Swabia & his wife Gerberga of Upper Burgundy ([988]-29 Jul [1031/32], bur Worms cathedral). Wipo names "Mahthilda de filia Chuonradi regis Burgundiæ" as mother of "iunioris Chuononis"[378]. Thietmar refers to "Konrad" as son-in-law of Hermann Duke of Swabia, recording that they attacked Strasbourg together after the election of Heinrich II King of Germany[379]. "Chuonradus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property to the church of Worms naming "filii nostri Heinrici Regis, filie quoque nostre Beatricis" for the souls of "parentum nostrorum defunctorum atavi nostri ducis Chuonradi, avie nostre Iudithe, patris nostri Heinrici, patrui nostri ducis Chuonradi eiusque coniugis Mathildis, sororis etiam nostre Iudithe", all buried at Worms Cathedral, by charter dated 30 Jan 1034[380]. She married secondly Frédéric II Duke of Upper Lotharingia [Wigeriche]. The primary source which records her second marriage has not so far been identified. However, the Chronicon Sancti Michælis, monasterii in pago Virdunensi names "duabus puellulis Sophia et Beatrice" as daughters of the son of "duce Theodorico", specifying that the empress was their amita and that she adopted them after their father died[381]. The Alberti Milioli Notarii Regini Liber de Temporibus names "comitissam Beatricam…de Gallia…filia comitis Frederic, mater…domina Matilda", but does not give the origin of Mathilde[382]. She married thirdly Esiko Graf im Schwabengau [Askanier-Ballenstedt]. The Annalista Saxo names "Machtildis" sister of Gisela, wife of Emperor Konrad II, and her third husband[383]. She attended the Easter celebrations at Ingelheim in 1030[384]. The Liber Anniversariorum of Einsiedeln records the death in Jul of "Mechthild soror imperatricis Gislæ"[385]. Duke Konrad & his wife had [three] children:

a) KONRAD "der Jüngere" ([1003]-20 Jul 1039, bur Worms cathedral). Herimannus names "filio eius [=Counradus dux Carentani] puero Counrado" when recording that he was deprived of the duchy of Carinthia on his father's death in 1012[386]. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the imperial throne in 1024, but he agreed to accept the outcome of the election meeting at Chamba 4 Sep 1024 and immediately supported his cousin's election[387]. Herimannus names "patruelis eius [=Counradus senior, filius Heinrici et Adalheidæ] Counradis filius Counradi ducis ex Mathilde" when recording his candidacy to succeed as king of Germany in 1024[388]. The Annales Colonienses specify that "Kuono" was sent into exile in 1027[389]. He was installed as KONRAD II Duke of Carinthia in 1036. The Annalista Saxo records the death "XIII Kal Aug inmatura" of "Conradus Carentinorum dux, patruelis Conradi imperatoris"[390]. [m ---. The name of Konrad's wife is not known. Graf Konrad & his wife had [one possible child]:]

i) [CUNO (-after 1056). He is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln as the possible son of Graf Konrad[391]. The primary source which suggests this parentage has not yet been identified. He sold Bruchsal to Heinrich IV King of Germany in 1056.]

b) BRUNO ([1004]-Persenbeug 27 May 1045, bur Würzburg cathedral). Herimannus names "Brun, patruelis imperatoris, filius ex Mahthilde Counradi ducis" when recording his installation as Bishop of Würzburg in 1034[392]. Bishop of Würzburg 1034. The Chronicon of Bernold records the installation of "Brun filius Mathildis" as Bishop of Würzburg in 1034[393]. The Chronicon of Bernold records the death "1045 VII Kal Jun" of "Brun Wurziburgensis episcopus"[394].

c) [--- . According to Europäische Stammtafeln[395], the wife of Hezzelin was the possible daughter of Konrad Duke of Carinthia. The primary source which suggests this parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m HEZZELIN Graf im Zülpichgau, son of HERMANN Pfalzgraf von Lothringen & his wife Heilwig --- (-20 Nov 1033, bur Brauweiler).]

4. WILHELM (-7 Nov 1047). Wipo names "Hezil et Chuono…Brunone et Willihelmo" as sons of "Ottone duce Francorum", specifying that Wilhelm was made "Argentinensis ecclesiæ episcopus"[396]. Chaplain of Empress Gisela. He was elected Bishop of Strasbourg in 1029[397]. Jackman speculates that Wilhelm may have been illegitimate[398].

B. FAMILY of GRAF EMICH

1. EMICH [I] (-after 992). "Otto…rex" granted property "quicquid Hunald hereditatis…in pago Hessium in villas Uktodaha et Sutzaha in comitatu Meginfredi comitis…et in pago Nahgouue…Spiascesheim, Treise in comitatu Emichonis comitis…in pago Cuninghessundra in villa Uualdhoffa in comitatu Hathoddi comitis" to "fideli nostro Thiatgaz" by charter dated 25 Feb 960[399]. "Otto…rex" granted property "predium quale Lantberto atque Megingozzo per Emichonem comitem" to the church of Mainz by charter dated 29 May 961[400]. "Otto…imperator augustus" donated property "in pago Nahgeuue in comitatu Emichonis comitis in loco…Gogunhein…[et] in pago Spirihgeuui in comitatu Gerungi comitis" to Magdeburg St Moritz by charter dated 27 Aug 966[401]. "Otto…imperator augustus" gave property "Herebertus dum vixit habere in villis Sowilnheim et in Olmeno in paho Nahgowe in comitatu Emechonis comitis" to "fideli nostro Megingozo" Kloster Gandersheim by charter dated 27 Aug 973[402]. "Otto…rex" donated property "inter Keberesheim et Wisclenbahe…in pago Nahgowe in comitiatu Emichonis comitis" to Kloster St Alban, Mainz by charter dated 992[403].

2. EMICH [II] (-after 6 Dec 1017). "Otto tercius…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "Tiele in comitatu Unrochi comitis et in pago Testerbant…et Nerestein in comitatu Amichonis in pago Nahgowi" to the monks of the Marienkapelle at Aachen by charter dated 6 Feb 1000[404]. Heinrich II King of Germany donated property "cortem Heroldeshusen…in pago Westerun in comitatu Hemezonis comitis" to Kloster Kaufungen by charter dated 6 Dec 1017[405].

3. EMICH [III] (-before 5 May 1072). The family relationship, if any, between Graf Emich [II] and Graf Emich [I] has not been traced, although the common use of this first name and the fact that both were Grafen im Nahegau suggest that there was a close connection. Graf im Nahegau[406]. m KUNIGUNDE von Stromberg, daughter of BERTHOLD Graf in der Wetterau, im Trechirgau, Maienfeld und im Hinring & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. 1072/1097. Graf Emich [III] & his wife had two children:

a) EMICH [IV] (-killed in battle Mainz 1117). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. "…Emmicho comes et frater suus Bertholdus…" subscribed the charter dated 5 May 1072 under which Siegfried Archbishop of Metz attested the destruction of the chapel of Ravensgirburg[407]. Graf von Flonheim und Leiningen. Heinrich IV King of Germany donated property "in villa Ingelenheim in pago Nachgowe in comitatu Emichonis" to Kloster St Ulrich and Afra, Augsburg by charter dated 12 Jun 1074[408]. Wildgraf 1080. "Emicho comes et frater eius Bertolf, Ludewicus comes, Gozwinus comes, Wernherus comes, Bertolfus comes, Dudo…" witnessed the charter dated 1091 under which Ruthard Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations to Kloster Bleidenstatt by "vir…militaris Hunfridus" when he entered the monastery[409]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "in pago Nahcowe in comitatu comitis Emichonis" to the church of Speyer by charter dated 21 Sep 1091[410]. Albert of Aix names "comes Emicho" as one of the leaders of the German contingent in the First Crusade[411]. "Werinherus…comes et advocatus cenobii sancte crucis in Cofunga" donated "in Oggozeshusum mansum 1, in Crumbelbach mansos 2, Vennee 3 mansos…Ritte mansos 3…" to the abbess of Kaufungen by charter dated 1102, witnessed by "Bertholfus comes, Sigefrid palatinus comes, Emicho comes, Emicho comes, Gerlach comes, Udo comes"[412]. Graf von Schmidburg: Ruthard Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the foundation of Kloster Disibodenberg by charter dated 11 May 1108 witnessed by "…Comes Emmicho de Smideburch et filius eius Emmicho, Bertolfus Comes de Nuringen…"[413]. The Gesta Friderici of Otto of Freising records that "comes Emicho" was killed at the siege of Mainz in 1117[414]. The Annalista Saxo records "comes Emico" among the supporters of Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz killed by Friedrich Duke of Swabia in 1117[415]. m [HIZECHA, daughter of --- (-before 1138). The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.] Graf Emich [IV] & his wife had [six] children:

i) EMICH (-after 1135). Ruthard Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the foundation of Kloster Disibodenberg by charter dated 11 May 1108 witnessed by "…Comes Emmicho de Smideburch et filius eius Emmicho, Bertolfus Comes de Nuringen…"[416]. Graf im Nahegau und Wormsgau. Emperor Heinrich V confirmed possessions of the church of Mainz, including property "in pago Nachgowe in comitatu Emichonis", by charter dated 1112 witnessed by "…Emicho comes et Gerlacus frater eius…"[417]. "Comes Arnoldus, comes Emicho, comes Berhtolfus, Embricho camerarius et filii eius Salman et Embricho…" witnessed the charter dated 1112 under which Ceizolf Provost of St Johann at Mainz donated property[418]. He founded Kloster Höningen[419]. "Emicho comes et frater suus Gerlach, Meinhardus comes de Spanheim, Arnoldus de Lurinbergk, Sifridus comes de Nuringen, Albero de Hachinfels, Eberhardus de Hostetten…Embricho comes de Rinegowe…" witnessed the charter dated 1123 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations to Kloster Altmünster by "Meingotus filius Embrichonis quondam camerarii nostri", leaving for Jerusalem, with the consent of "fratris sui Dudonis"[420]. Graf von Schmidburg: "Emicho comes de Smideburch et frater eius Gerlaus…" signed the charter dated 1128 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz donated property to Mainz cathedral[421]. Graf von Kirburg: "Comites…Emicho de Kirberch et frater eius Gerlach…" witnessed the charter dated 1128 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations to Disibodenberg[422]. "…Emmecho Comes et frater eius Gerlaus…" witnessed the charter dated 1135 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed privileges of Mainz[423].

ii) GERLACH (-after 1135). Emperor Heinrich V confirmed possessions of the church of Mainz, including property "in pago Nachgowe in comitatu Emichonis", by charter dated 1112 witnessed by "…Emicho comes et Gerlacus frater eius…"[424]. "Emicho comes et frater suus Gerlach, Meinhardus comes de Spanheim, Arnoldus de Lurinbergk, Sifridus comes de Nuringen, Albero de Hachinfels, Eberhardus de Hostetten…Embricho comes de Rinegowe…" witnessed the charter dated 1123 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations to Kloster Altmünster by "Meingotus filius Embrichonis quondam camerarii nostri", leaving for Jerusalem, with the consent of "fratris sui Dudonis"[425]. "Emicho comes de Smideburch et frater eius Gerlaus…" signed the charter dated 1128 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz donated property to Mainz cathedral[426]. "Comites…Emicho de Kirberch et frater eius Gerlach…" witnessed the charter dated 1128 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations to Disibodenberg[427]. "…Emmecho Comes et frater eius Gerlaus…" witnessed the charter dated 1135 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed privileges of Mainz[428].

iii) [GISELA (-before 2 Feb 1156). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m WERNER Graf von Neckerau-Gröningen, son of ---. 1090/1120.

iv) [HERMANN . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. [1110]. m ADELA [von Prozelten]. The primary source which confirms her origin and marriage has not yet been identified.

v) [HEDWIG . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. 1110. m KONRAD [II] von Wirttemberg, son of --- & his wife Luitgard ---. 1110.

b) BERTHOLD [Bertholf] (-before 16 Aug 1110, or 3 Mar 1110). "…Emmicho comes et frater suus Bertholdus…" subscribed the charter dated 5 May 1072 under which Siegfried Archbishop of Metz attested the destruction of the chapel of Ravensgirburg[429]. Siegfried Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the foundation of Kloster Ravensgirberg "in comitatu Emichonis comitis" by "Bertoldus comes et uxor eius consanguinea nostra Hadewic" by charter dated 1074[430]. "Emicho comes et frater eius Bertolf, Ludewicus comes, Gozwinus comes, Wernherus comes, Bertolfus comes, Dudo…" witnessed the charter dated 1091 under which Ruthard Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations to Kloster Bleidenstatt by "vir…militaris Hunfridus" when he entered the monastery[431]. Graf von Nürings-Stromberg. Vogt von Lorsch und Ravengiersburg. According to one table in Europäische Stammtafeln (which omits his parentage as shown in this document), he was the same person as Berthold Graf von Hohenberg (bei Durlach) and founded Kloster Gottesau in 1094[432]. There therefore appears to be confusion about the identity of the families of the various counts named Berthold who lived in Franconia/northern Swabia in the late 11th/early 12th century. Unfortunately, this confusion cannot at present be cleared up because the primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following family have not yet all been identified. Ruthard Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the foundation of Kloster Disibodenberg by charter dated 11 May 1108 witnessed by "…Comes Emmicho de Smideburch et filius eius Emmicho, Bertolfus Comes de Nuringen…"[433]. According to one table in Europäische Stammtafeln, he died 3 Mar 1110 as a monk at Kloster Gottesau[434]. m firstly HEDWIG, daughter of --- (-after 1074). Siegfried Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the foundation of Kloster Ravensgirberg "in comitatu Emichonis comitis" by "Bertoldus comes et uxor eius consanguinea nostra Hadewic" by charter dated 1074[435]. m secondly LIUTGARD, daughter of --- (-3 Jun ----). 1094/1095. Graf Berthold & his [first] wife had two children:

i) BERTHOLD (-17 Apr [1123]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. "Comes Arnoldus, comes Emicho, comes Berhtolfus, Embricho camerarius et filii eius Salman et Embricho…" witnessed the charter dated 1112 under which Ceizolf Provost of St Johann at Mainz donated property[436]. "Ludowicus de Turingia comes, Arnoldus urbis comes, Sigehardus comes, Bertolfus comes, Ludewicus comes, Gozwinus comes…" witnessed the charter dated 20 Jun 1118 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz donated property "in placito Ludwici comitis" to Kloster St Johannes auf dem Bischofsberge, after the death of "Hildrudis vidue Wulferici ministerialis nostri"[437]. Graf von Nürings, Stromberg. m ---. The name of Berthold's wife is not known. Graf Berthold & his wife had two children:

(a) BERTHOLD . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Nürings. 1124/36. "…Bertoldus comes et frater eius Sigefridus de Noringen" signed the charter dated 1128 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz donated property to Mainz cathedral[438]. "…Bertolfus et frater eius Sigfridus comes de Nuringes…" witnessed the charter dated 1131 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the donation of "villa Woverebach…in pago Wetereiba in comitatu Bertoldi comitis de Nuringe" to Mainz[439]. [1146]. m ---. The name of Berthold's wife is not known. Graf Berthold & his wife had two children:

(1) SIEGFRIED (-after 1159). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. "…Comes Sigefridus et frater eius Gerhardus…" witnessed the charter dated 8 Dec 1141 under which Markolf Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations by "matrona…Juditha…de villa Steinheim…in pago Rinegowe" to Kloster St Alban, for the soul of "mariti sui Eberhardi"[440]. "Comite Sigefrido […cum filia sua Judithe…] et…fratre suo Gerhardo comite de Nuringes nec non…consorte thori sui Udelhilde" sold property at Riedhausen to Kloster Ilmenstadt by charter dated 1159[441]. m UDELHILDE, daughter of ---. "Comite Sigefrido […cum filia sua Judithe…] et…fratre suo Gerhardo comite de Nuringes nec non…consorte thori sui Udelhilde" sold property at Riedhausen to Kloster Ilmenstadt by charter dated 1159[442]. Siegfried & his wife had one child:

a. JUDITH . "Comite Sigefrido […cum filia sua Judithe…] et…fratre suo Gerhardo comite de Nuringes nec non…consorte thori sui Udelhilde" sold property at Riedhausen to Kloster Ilmenstadt by charter dated 1159[443].

(2) GERHARD (-after 1159). "…Comes Sigefridus et frater eius Gerhardus…" witnessed the charter dated 8 Dec 1141 under which Markolf Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations by "matrona…Juditha…de villa Steinheim…in pago Rinegowe" to Kloster St Alban, for the soul of "mariti sui Eberhardi"[444]. Graf von Nürings. "…Comites…Gerhardus de Nueringen…" subscribed the charter dated 30 May 1145 under which Heinrich Archbishop of Mainz confirmed possessions of the canons of Gottesthal[445]. "Comite Sigefrido […cum filia sua Judithe…] et…fratre suo Gerhardo comite de Nuringes nec non…consorte thori sui Udelhilde" sold property at Riedhausen to Kloster Ilmenstadt by charter dated 1159[446].

(b) SIEGFRIED (-after 13 Sep 1132). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Nürings. "Emicho comes et frater suus Gerlach, Meinhardus comes de Spanheim, Arnoldus de Lurinbergk, Sifridus comes de Nuringen, Albero de Hachinfels, Eberhardus de Hostetten…Embricho comes de Rinegowe…" witnessed the charter dated 1123 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations to Kloster Altmünster by "Meingotus filius Embrichonis quondam camerarii nostri", leaving for Jerusalem, with the consent of "fratris sui Dudonis"[447]. "Emicho comes de Kireberc, Bertolfus comes de Nuringin, Embricho comes de Rinegowe, Wulframus de Lapide, Wulframus et Embricho filii sui…" witnessed the charter dated 1126 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the donation by "religiosa…domina Ludgardis" to Kloster Bleidenstatt, for the souls of "Ludwici comitis et Sophie parentum suorum, Mechtildis de Stecklinberg amite sue, Embrichonis comitis, domini Ludwici abbatis fratrum suorum et Hiltrudis sororis sue"[448]. "…Bertoldus comes et frater eius Sigefridus de Noringen" signed the charter dated 1128 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz donated property to Mainz cathedral[449]. "…Bertolfus et frater eius Sigfridus comes de Nuringes…" witnessed the charter dated 1131 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the donation of "villa Woverebach…in pago Wetereiba in comitatu Bertoldi comitis de Nuringe" to Mainz[450]. Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz donated property "in pago…Weitereibia…in comitatu Sigefridi comitis de Nuringes" to Mainz cathedral by charter dated 1132, after 13 Sep, signed by "Willehelmus comes Palatinus, Heinricus marchionis Luibaldi filius, Arnoldus Moguntinus comes, Ludewicus comes Thuringie, Ernest comes et Siczzo comes, Sigefridus et frater eius Bertolfus comites de Nuringes, Emicho comes et frater eius Gerlahus, Megenhardus de Spanheim, Wolframus de Wertheim…"[451].

ii) LIUTGARD . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. 1094/1130. m VOLKOLD von Malsburg Graf von Nidda . 1092/1124.

1. GERHARD (-after 1168). Graf von Nürings. "Gerhardus comes de Nuringes et filius suus Eggeberhtus, Ludewicus et frater eius Sigebodo de Frankensteine…" witnessed the charter dated 1168 under which Burkhard Abbot of Hersfeld confirmed property of Kloster Breitungen[452]. m ---. The name of Gerhard´s wife is not known. Gerhard & his wife had one child:

a) EGBERT . "Gerhardus comes de Nuringes et filius suus Eggeberhtus, Ludewicus et frater eius Sigebodo de Frankensteine…" witnessed the charter dated 1168 under which Burkhard Abbot of Hersfeld confirmed property of Kloster Breitungen[453].

C. GRAFEN von LEININGEN

The first dynasty of the Grafen von Leiningen was studied in the late 19th century by Brinckmeier who cites numerous primary sources[454]. The difficulty with the Brinckmeier study is that his sources cited simply do not justify his reconstruction of the early generations of the family, which has been largely adopted by Europäische Stammtafeln and other secondary sources. Combined with information from other sources to which he does not refer, a complete reassessment has therefore been necessary as shown below.

1. EMICH (-after 30 Jun [782/83]). "Amicho" donated property "in pago Wormat. in Linunga marca" to Kloster Lorsch by charter dated 30 Jun [782/83][455]. His name, and the location of the property donated, suggests that Emich may have been the ancestor of the later Grafen von Leiningen.

1. EMICH [I] . The family relationship, if any, between Graf Emich [I] and the three earlier counts of this name shown in Part B above has not been traced, although the common name and references to Wormsgau suggest that there was a close connection. "Willelmus comes de Luzzelenburch, Hermanus comes de Caluerlage, Reinoldus comes, Conradus comes, Arnoldus comes, Gerlagus comes, Imeko comes, Gerhardus comes de Heinnersberch, Hermannus comes de Salmena et filius eius, Friderikus comes de Sarebrugge…" witnessed the charter dated 27 Dec 1127 under which Lothar King of Germany granted property in Dreiech to "ministeriali Cuonrado de Hagen…[et] uxori suæ Liuckardi"[456]. Graf von Leiningen: "…Emercho comes de Liningen…" signed the charter dated 1128 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz donated property to Mainz cathedral[457]. "…Emicho comes de Liningen…" witnessed the charter dated 1131 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the donation of "villa Woverebach…in pago Wetereiba in comitatu Bertoldi comitis de Nuringe" to Mainz[458]. There is no indication of the date when Graf Emich [I] died, nor whether some of the later resources listed here, or the earlier sources listed below under Graf Emich [II], applied to him or to Emich [II].

2. EMICH [II] (-after 1179). Graf von Leiningen. "…Emicho comes de Liningen…" witnessed the charter dated 1143 under which Heinrich [I] Archbishop of Mainz donated property to Kloster Disibodenberg "per manum comitis Simsonis advocati ecclesie sancti Disibodi"[459]. "Comites:…Emmisso de Liningen…" witnessed the charter dated 23 Jul 1144 under which "Henricus dux Saxonie" confirmed the privileges of Kloster Bursfeld[460]. "…Comes Emicho de Liningen…" witnessed the charter dated 1148 under which Heinrich [I] Archbishop of Mainz confirmed a donation of property to Kloster Ichtershausen by "Frideruna linea nobis consanguinitatis propinqua et filius eius Marquardus de Grumbach"[461]. "Emichos comes de Liningen, Regenbodo de Lobendenborg" witnessed the charter datd to [1149] under which "dominus Eckardus abbas de Sunnesheim" donated property "in…Hagenauwe" to Otterberg[462]. The Annales Sancti Disibodi (Continuatio) name "…Emicho comes de Lynengen…" among those present with the king when he celebrated Christmas at Worms in 1155[463]. "Emicho…comes de Liningen" confirmed his advocatiam over Kloster Hegen by charter dated 1158, witnessed by "Hermannus, Eberhardus, Fridericus filii mei"[464]. Graf Emich donated property to Kloster Höningen, with the consent of "collateralis meæ Elisæ et filiis meis Hermanno, Eberhardo, Friderico", by charter dated 1159[465]. Philipp Archbishop of Köln exchanged property "in Rode" with Kloster Otterberg for property "in villa Boshovesheim", held by "Wernherus de Bolandia", by charter dated 1173, witnessed by "Wernherus de Bolanden eiusdem predii advocatus, comes Emicho de Liningen, Irsutus comes, comes Heinricus de Dietse…"[466]. "Emicho comes de Liningun et filius eius Eberhardus…" witnessed a charter of the bishop of Worms dated to [1173][467]. "Emicho…comes de Lyningen et consors mea Elisa et pueri mei Eberhardus et Fridericus" confirmed donations to Zell church by charter dated 1179[468]. According to Brinckmeier, Graf Emich witnessed a charter dated 1189 under which Heinrich VI King of Germany granted the advocatiam of Sittum to the bishop of Worms[469]. It is more likely that this entry refers to Graf Emich [III] than Graf Emich [II]. m ELISA, daughter of --- (-after 1179). Graf Emich donated property to Kloster Höningen, with the consent of "collateralis meæ Elisæ et filiis meis Hermanno, Eberhardo, Friderico", by charter dated 1159[470]. "Emicho…comes de Lyningen et consors mea Elisa et pueri mei Eberhardus et Fridericus" confirmed donations to Zell church by charter dated 1179[471]. Graf Emich [II] & his wife had seven children:

a) HERMANN (-[1159/73]). "Emicho…comes de Liningen" confirmed his advocatiam over Kloster Hegen by charter dated 1158, witnessed by "Hermannus, Eberhardus, Fridericus filii mei"[472]. Graf Emich donated property to Kloster Höningen, with the consent of "collateralis meæ Elisæ et filiis meis Hermanno, Eberhardo, Friderico", by charter dated 1159[473].

b) EBERHARD (-after 1179). "Emicho…comes de Liningen" confirmed his advocatiam over Kloster Hegen by charter dated 1158, witnessed by "Hermannus, Eberhardus, Fridericus filii mei"[474]. Graf Emich donated property to Kloster Höningen, with the consent of "collateralis meæ Elisæ et filiis meis Hermanno, Eberhardo, Friderico", by charter dated 1159[475]. "Emicho comes de Liningun et filius eius Eberhardus…" witnessed a charter of the bishop of Worms dated to [1173][476]. "Emicho…comes de Lyningen et consors mea Elisa et pueri mei Eberhardus et Fridericus" confirmed donations to Zell church by charter dated 1179[477].

c) FRIEDRICH [I] (-[1190/28 Apr 1193]). "Emicho…comes de Liningen" confirmed his advocatiam over Kloster Hegen by charter dated 1158, witnessed by "Hermannus, Eberhardus, Fridericus filii mei"[478]. Graf Emich donated property to Kloster Höningen, with the consent of "collateralis meæ Elisæ et filiis meis Hermanno, Eberhardo, Friderico", by charter dated 1159[479]. "Emicho…comes de Lyningen et consors mea Elisa et pueri mei Eberhardus et Fridericus" confirmed donations to Zell church by charter dated 1179[480]. Graf von Leiningen. "Fridericus comes de Liningen…" witnessed the charter dated 14 Apr 1189 under which Emperor Friedrich I an exchange of property "in Grevenhusen et in Mettenbach et in Rodenbach" for the bishop of Strasbourg[481]. "…Der edele von Liningen grave Friderich…" is named among those who accompanied Ludwig III Landgraf of Thuringia on crusade in 1190[482].

Two brothers. The source dated 31 Mar 1205 quoted below clarifies that Graf Emich [III] and Graf Friedrich [I] von Leiningen were cousins ("fratruelis"), and that Friedrich was the junior count. This means that Friedrich could not have been the same person as Friedrich, son of Graf Emich [II] who is named above. It is likely that the fathers of Graf Emich [III] and Graf Friedrich [I] were two of the brothers named above. It should be noted that no source has been found which names Emich [III] as the son of Graf Emich [II].

1. --- . m ---. One child:

a) EMICH [III] (-after 2 Jun 1208). Graf von Leiningen. According to Brinckmeier, Graf Emich witnessed a charter dated 1189 under which Heinrich VI King of Germany granted the advocatiam of Sittum to the bishop of Worms[483]. It is more likely that this entry refers to Graf Emich [III] than Graf Emich [II]. "…Emmecho com. de Liningen…" witnessed a charter of Emperor Heinrich VI dated 28 Apr 1193[484]. Emperor Heinrich VI confirmed the sale of "villam…Hillensheim…de manu nostra iure feodali comes habuit de Liningen" by "Hellingero de Frankenstein" to Kloster Hemmenrode by charter dated 19 Jul 1195[485]. "…Embrecho comes de Liningen…" witnessed the charter dated 20 Jan 1197 under which Johann Archbishop of Trier confirmed the property of Kloster Arnstein[486]. "Emicho comes de Liningen et Fridericus fratruelis meus comes iunior" confirmed the charter dated 31 Mar 1205 under which "Conradum filum Merbodonis militis de Wartenberg" granted dower to his wife[487]. "…Emicho comes de Liningen…" witnessed the charter dated 2 Jun 1208 under which Emperor Otto IV confirmed the privileges and properties of Neuburg abbey[488].

2. --- . m ---. One child:

a) FRIEDRICH [II] (-[10 Mar 1217/1220]). Graf von Leiningen. "Emicho comes de Liningen et Fridericus fratruelis meus comes iunior" confirmed the charter dated 31 Mar 1205 under which "Conradum filum Merbodonis militis de Wartenberg" granted dower to his wife[489]. "Comes Fridericus de Leiningen…comes Fridericus de Saraponte" witnessed the charter dated 29 Aug 1210 under which Emperor Otto IV confirmed the donation made by "Cunradus comes de Zolre qui et Burggravius de Nurenberg" to the church of Speyer[490]. "…Fridericus comes de Liningen…" witnessed the charter dated 5 Sep 1214 under which Friedrich II King of Germany donated property to the Teutonic Knights[491]. "…Comes Fridericus de Liningen…" witnessed the charter dated 29 May 1215 under which Friedrich II King of Germany confirmed donations to Kloster Otterberg[492]. "…Comes Fridericus de Liningen…" witnessed the charter dated 8 Jul 1215 under which Friedrich II King of Germany confirmed property of Kloster Hirsau[493]. "…Comes Fridericus de Liningen…" witnessed the charter dated 6 Sep 1215 under which Friedrich II King of Germany confirmed property of the hospital St Maria in "Lutram"[494]. "Fridericus Comes de Liningen…" witnessed the charter dated 1216 under which "domina Ida de Mencingen" donated property "in mencingen et in Owensheim" to Kloster Maulbronn[495]. "Fridericus comes de Liningen" confirmed a donation to Kloster Otterberg made by "Bertholfus de Gerswilre" by undated charter, witnessed by "Gerhardus comes Irsutus, Fridericus de Frankenstein…", confirmed by Emperor Friedrich II by charter dated 10 Mar 1217[496]. He was a Minnesang[497]. m GERTRUD von Habsburg, daughter of [ALBRECHT [III] Graf von Habsburg & his wife Ita von Pfullendorf]. A Habsburg genealogy names "Ruodolfum et comitissam de Linigen" as the children of "Alberctus per Itam cometissam de Pfullendorf, filiam sororis ducis Welph"[498]. Brinckmeier cites a charter dated 1220 under which Gertrud "widow", after the death of "ihres Gemahls des Grafen Friedrich von Leiningen", donated property "in partibus Logane" which belonged to her husband and now belonged to "Herrn Friedrich ehedem genannt von Hartenburg nun Grafen von Leiningen" to Limburg church[499].

1. [SIEGFRIED (-after 1 Apr 1214). Graf von Leiningen. "Sifridus comes de Liningen, Simon comes de Saraponte…" witnessed the charter dated 1 Apr 1214 under which Friedrich II King of Germany granted protection to the churches of Rodenkirchen and Hagene[500]. No other reference has been found to this person. It is not known whether "Sifridus" in this document is an error for "Fridericus".]

Three sisters. It is clear that the children of Liutgarde were his senior heirs after the death of Friedrich [II] Graf von Leiningen. However, no primary source has been found which names the father of these three sisters. It is possible either that they were sisters of Graf Friedrich or daughters of Graf Emich [II], and therefore Graf Friedrich´s probable paternal aunts. The estimated dates of their marriages suggests that the latter is more likely. Heinrich von Saarbrücken Bishop of Worms, in a charter dated 1221, names "Fridericus frater noster, successor Friderici comitis pie memorie avunculi nostre"[501]. However, in this case "avunculi" could be used either to indicate "uncle" or a more distant relative.

1. LIUTGARDE (-1239 or after). "Comes Simon de Sarbrucken et uxor eius Lutgardis" granted the church of Boekenheim to Kloster Wadegozingen by charter dated 1196[502]. "Hanricus comes de Duobus Pontibus et Albertus S. Paulini in Treviri prepositus et Symon comes de Sarbricken et mater eius Lucardis comitissa" confirmed the donation of land at Putzerburg to Kloster Wadegozingen by charter dated to before 1212[503]. "Lucardis comitissa de Sarbrucken assensu filii mei Simonis comitis" donated property to Kloster Wadegozingen, for the soul of "viri mei bonæ memoriæ Simonis comitis patris supra dicti Simonis et cæterorum liberorum meorum", by charter dated 1218[504]. "Cunradis qui dicor Siluester comes" donated part of the churches at Blidendorf and Listorf to Kloster Wadegozingen, at the request of "Symonis comitis de Sarbrucken et…matris suæ Lukardis comitissæ de Wide", for the soul of "collateralis meæ Giselæ sororis iam dicti comitis Simonis", by charter dated 1220[505]. "Lucardis comitissa de Wide…mater Simonis comitis de Sarbrucken" donated the church of Listorf to Kloster Wadegozingen by charter dated 1220[506]. "Luterus comes de Wide et…collateralis mea Lucardis" donated part of the church at Listorf to Kloster Wadegozingen, at the request of "Symonis Walrami ducis de Lemburg et filiorum eius et domini Henrici comitis Gemini Pontis per manum Simonis comitis de Sarbrucken" by charter dated 1223[507]. "Lukardis comitissa" donated property at Hünerscherre to Kloster Otterburg, with the consent of "filiorum meorum", by undated charter, "Symon comes Sarapontis" confirmed the same donation by "domina et mater mea" by undated charter, and Heinrich Bishop of Worms confirmed the same donation by "mater nostra comitissa de Weyden" by charter dated 22 Nov 1233[508]. "Lucardis comitissa de Sarebrugen…cum sororibus nostris Alverade quondam comitissa de Cleberc et Elysa quondam etiam comitissa de Nassowe" donated property to Limburg church by charter dated 1235[509]. m firstly (before 1180) SIMON [II] Graf von Saarbrücken, son of SIMON [I] Graf von Saarbrücken & his wife Mechtild ---. 1183/1207. m secondly LOTHAR Graf von Wied, son of DIETRICH Graf von Wied & his wife --- (-1 Mar, after 5 Mar 1243).

2. ALVERADIS . Ulrich Provost at Worms confirmed the donation of Bockenheim church to Kloster Wadgassen made by "comes Simon de Saarbrucken et uxor eius Lutgardis…[et] comitissa Alberadis de Cleberc soror prenominate comitisse, marito et liberis orbata zelo pietatis agitata" by charter dated 1196[510]. Wegener speculates that the husband of Alveradis was an older brother of Friedrich [VI] Graf von Kleeberg and assumes that his name must have been Siegfried[511]. This appears to be a reasonable speculation but there appears to be no proof that it is correct. One difficulty is the absence of a reference to a second son from the donation of his supposed mother Euphemia. "Lucardis comitissa de Sarebrugen…cum sororibus nostris Alverade quondam comitissa de Cleberc et Elysa quondam etiam comitissa de Nassowe" donated property to Limburg church by charter dated 1235[512]. [m [SIEGFRIED] Graf von Peilstein-Kleeberg, son of SIEGFRIED [II] Graf von Mörle und Kleeberg & his wife Euphemia --- (-before 1196).]

3. ELISABETH (-20 Jun [1235/38]). A manuscript dated to end 13th/early 14th century records "Rupertus comes de Nassowe et uxor eius Elysa et filius eorum Hermannus…"[513]. Gräfin von Schaumburg. "Elysa comitissa dicta de Schowenburg, relicta…Ruperti comitis de Nassowe" sold property to Kloster Johannisberg, with the consent of "Hermanni comitis de Virneburg et Luccardis conthoralis ipsius filie nostre advocatiam et iudicium ville Steinheim", by charter dated 27 Feb 1204[514]. "Lucardis comitissa de Sarebrugen…cum sororibus nostris Alverade quondam comitissa de Cleberc et Elysa quondam etiam comitissa de Nassowe" donated property to Limburg church by charter dated 1235[515]. The necrology of Arnstein an der Lahn records the death 20 Jun of "Elizabetis comitisse de Nassauwe, que legavit nobis elemosinam bonam"[516]. m (before 1169) RUPRECHT [III] "der Streitbare" Graf von Nassau, son of ARNOLD [II] Graf von Nassau & his wife --- (-in Palestine 1191 or after).

D. GRAFEN von LEININGEN (SAARBRÜCKEN)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not yet been confirmed, unless stated otherwise below.

FRIEDRICH [III] von Saarbrücken, son of SIMON [II] Graf von Saarbrücken & his wife Luitgard von Leiningen (-1237). Graf von Saarbrücken. "Comes Fridericus de Leiningen…comes Fridericus de Saraponte" witnessed the charter dated 29 Aug 1210 under which Emperor Otto IV confirmed the donation made by "Cunradus comes de Zolre qui et Burggravius de Nurenberg" to the church of Speyer[517]. Graf von Leiningen. Brinckmeier cites a charter dated 1220 under which Gertrud "widow", after the death of "ihres Gemahls des Grafen Friedrich von Leiningen", donated property "in partibus Logane" which belonged to her husband and now belonged to "Herrn Friedrich ehedem genannt von Hartenburg nun Grafen von Leiningen" to Limburg church[518]. Heinrich von Saarbrücken Bishop of Worms names "Fridericus frater noster, successor Friderici comitis pie memorie avunculi nostre" in a charter dated 1221[519]. "Fridericus comes de Liningen" donated his part of the church at Blidersdorf to Kloster Wadegozingen (Wadgass), with the advice of "cognati mei domini Walrami ducis de Limburgh et…fratris mei Symonis comitis de Sarbrucken…mater mea Lucardis", and with the consent of "collateralis meæ et liberorum meorum", by charter dated 1223[520]. "Wernherus de Bolandia…cum fratre meo Philippo" renounced rights over property of Kloster Ottenberg "in Bertolviswilre" by charter dated Jun 1227, witnessed by "…comite Friderico de Liningen, Godelberto de Liningen…"[521].

m [firstly] (before [1202/05]) [AGNES] von Eberstein, daughter of EBERHARD [III] Graf von Eberstein & his wife Kunigunde [von Andechs-Merano] ([1185/87]-). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 29 Aug 1227 under which her son "Symon comes de Dauborc" recorded his peace agreement with "domino Johanne Metensi episcopo" and named "dominum Evrardum de Vrestein avunculum meum"[522]. Given the marriage date of her parents, she must have been one of their older children as her son´s marriage is estimated to 1224. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. Brinckmeier quotes a charter of "Emichs IV und Friedrichs III" dated 10 Mar 1263 which refers to "post obitum nobilis domine Agnetis comitisse"[523]. This is the only reference so far identified which names the wife of Friedrich [III] Graf von Leiningen. However, if the speculation about his second marriage is correct, the document would refer to his second wife.

[m secondly [AGNES] von Zollern, daughter of KONRAD III Burggraf von Nürnberg & his [first wife ---] (-[18 Feb 1251/10 Mar 1263]). Her supposed parentage and marriage are indicated by the charter dated 1262 under which [her son] "Bertholdus…Babenbergensis ecclesie episcopus" conferred property of "avunculus noster Ch. Burgravius de Nurenberch" on "avunculus noster Fridericus Burgravius de Nurenberch"[524]. This conclusion assumes that "avunculus" should be interpreted in this document in its strict sense of maternal uncle. The likelihood of this second marriage is also indicated by the probable date of birth of Graf Friedrich´s [first] wife, and bearing in mind the chronology of the careers of his younger children. A charter dated 18 Feb 1251 records a dispute between Otterberg and "Heinricus…Spirensis electus, E--- comes de Liningen et --- relicta quondam Friderici comitis de Liningen" concerning property "apud Bockenheim"[525]. Brinckmeier quotes a charter of "Emichs IV und Friedrichs III" dated 10 Mar 1263 which refers to "post obitum nobilis domine Agnetis comitisse"[526].]

Graf Friedrich & his [first] wife had one child:

1. SIMON ([1202/05]-[16 Mar 1234/1236]). "Symon comes de Dauborc" recorded his peace agreement with "domino Johanne Metensi episcopo", including his marriage with "filiam fratris sui G. domini de Asperomonte", with the consent of "patris mei F. comitis de Lynengen", by charter dated 29 Aug 1227, which refers to "uxore mea comitissa de Dauborc defuncta" and named "dominum Evrardum de Vrestein avunculum meum"[527]. His date of birth is estimated from the likely date of birth of his mother and his own marriage date. "Simon comes de Dauborc" agreed peace with the bishop of Metz by charter dated 16 Mar 1233 (O.S.) which names "uxoris mee quam habueram, comitisse de Dauborc filie Alberti comitis"[528]. m (1224 before Sep) as her third husband, GERTRUD von Dagsburg, widow firstly of THIBAUT I Duke of Lorraine, repudiated wife secondly of THIBAUT IV Comte de Champagne [later TEOBALDO I King of Navarre], daughter of ALBERT [II] Graf von Dagsburg & his wife Gertrud von Baden ([May 1205/mid-1206]-before 19 Mar 1225). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Albertus comes Dasburgensis et domnus de Musal…parvulam filiam Gertrudem"[529]. Poull suggests the birth date shown above[530], although it seems likely that Gertrud was born earlier as her mother would have been at least 52 years old in 1205. The Vitæ Odiliæ names "Gertrudem filiam defuncti comitis [de Moha Albertus]" as wife of "Theobaldus ducis Lotharingie filius"[531]. Richer records that "ducem Lotoringie Theobaldum" was married to "filiam comitis de Daxporc", that he inherited the county through her, that after her first husband died she married "comes…Campanie adhuc adolescens" who in his turn inherited the county, that she was repudiated for sterility by her second husband and married thirdly "comiti de Lignigne", and that after the couple's death soon afterwards there were no heirs to her county which (including "castra…Hernestem et Turquestem, et…opida…Albam et Saleborc") was annexed by "Metensis episcopus Iohannes" but that "frater…dicti comitis defuncti" captured "castrum Daxporc"[532]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Gertrudam filiam comitis Alberti Dasburgensis" as wife of "dux Theobaldus natus de filia comitis Barri"[533]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the second marriage in 1220 of "Gertrudem comitissam de Daburc [relictam Theobaldi iuvenis dux Lotharingie]" and "iuvenis comes Theobaldus Campaniensis" and their separation two years later on grounds of consanguinity[534]. The Chronicon Ebersheimense names "filie comitis de Dagesburc" as the wife of "comite de Lyningen"[535]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1225 of "Gertrudis…heres unica de Daborch et de…Musacum" recording that she was "novissime…de Linengis comitissa", without naming her third husband[536]. Betrothed (29 Aug 1227) to --- d´Aspremont, daughter of GOBERT [VI] Seigneur d´Aspremont & his wife Julienne de Rosoy. "Symon comes de Dauborc" recorded his peace agreement with "domino Johanne Metensi episcopo", including his marriage with "filiam fratris sui G. domini de Asperomonte", with the consent of "patris mei F. comitis de Lynengen", by charter dated 29 Aug 1227[537].

Graf Friedrich & his [first/second] wife had six children:

2. FRIEDRICH [IV] (-[1249/14 Dec 1254]). Berthold Bishop of Strasbourg granted “feodo castri de Dagesberg”, held by "bone memorie Symundus frater suus", to "consanguineum nostrum et vasallum Fridericum comitem de Liningen" by charter dated Jun 1239[538]. The family relationship between the bishop (who was the son of Adalbert [II] Herzog von Teck) and Friedrich [IV] Graf von Leiningen has not yet been ascertained. The Annales Wormatienses name "domni Friderici comitis de Liningen et domni Emichonis fratris sui" in 1249[539]. Graf von Leiningen in (part) Dagsburg, Leiningen und Hardenburg. m (before 29 Sep 1242) ADELHEID von Kyburg, daughter of WERNER Graf von Kyburg & his wife Alix [Bertha] de Lorraine. "Emecho comes in Liningen" sold property "curtem nostram et fratruelis nostri Friderici in Buele sitam" to Speyer, with the consent of "uxor nostra…Elisabetha, relicta fratris nostri Friderici Udalhardis, filius ipsius Fridericus", by charter dated 1 Mar 1256[540]. 1258. Graf Friedrich [IV] & his wife had one child:

a) FRIEDRICH [V] (-1316). "Emecho comes de Liningen et Fridericus fratruelis ipsius iunior comes de Liningen" confirmed sale of revenue from property "in Walesheim" made to Speyer by charter dated 14 Dec 1254[541]. Graf von Leiningen. "Emecho comes in Liningen" sold property "curtem nostram et fratruelis nostri Friderici in Buele sitam" to Speyer, with the consent of "uxor nostra…Elisabetha, relicta fratris nostri Friderici Udalhardis, filius ipsius Fridericus", by charter dated 1 Mar 1256[542]. "Emicho, Walramus prepositus Wormaciensis, Bertholdus canonicus Spirensis fratres et Fridericus de Lyningen comites" granted property to "Ioannem filium Cunonis de Durenkeim militis" by charter dated Jun 1256[543]. "Fridericus comes de Liningen" made a treaty with "Aleyde filia quondam Emichonis comitis de Liningen patrui nostri…comitissa de Spanheim et ipsius liberis…pueris suis Rudolfum de Alsenbruch et Wildericum de Spanheim milites" by charter dated 1 Jul 1291[544]. m firstly (before 1268) MECHTILD, daughter of --- (-[1268/70]). "Emicho et Fridericus comites de Lyningen…Fridericus comes predictus uxorem meam…Mehtildim" donated property at Walsheim to Speyer by charter dated 1268[545]. m secondly (before May 1270) JOHANNA von Sponheim, daughter of SIMON [I] Graf von Sponheim & his wife Margareta von Hengebach (-after 1270). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated May 1270 under which "Iohannes nobilis de Spanheim et Adelheidis uxor nostra" exchanged property with "Ingebrandi dicti de Munzichen civis in Crucenachen et Gude uxoris sue", witnessed by "Dni Emechonis soceri nostri ac Frederici sororii nostri comitum de Liningen…"[546]. m thirdly (1282) JEANNE d'Aspremont, daughter of GOBERT [VII] Seigneur d'Aspremont et de Dun & his wife ---. "Fridericus comes et Iohanna nostra collateralis comitissa de Liningen" granted freedom to "Sendelborne" for Otterberg by charter dated 22 Mar 1304[547].

- GRAFEN von LEININGEN[548].

3. KUNIGUNDE . "Wirnherus de Bolandia imperialis aule dapifer et Kunegundis sua collateralis" sold "predium nostrum de Jmzwilre" to "domini nostri Heinrici comitis de Seyn" by charter dated 27 Dec 1236[549]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 18 Aug 1278 under which her son Friedrich Bishop of Speyer settled disputes with "Fridericum de Liningen comitem avunculum nostrum", in the presence of "Wernheri de Bolandia fratris nostri…"[550]. m (before 27 Dec 1236) as his first wife, WERNER [IV] von Bolanden, son of WERNER [III] von Bolanden & his wife --- von Isenburg (-[25 Jul 1258/Mar 1262]).

4. EMICH [IV] (-[1276/79]). The Annales Wormatienses name "domni Friderici comitis de Liningen et domni Emichonis fratris sui" in 1249[551]. Graf von Leiningen in Landeck.

- see below.

5. HEINRICH (-28 Feb 1271). Bishop of Speyer 1245. A charter dated 18 Feb 1251 records a dispute between Otterberg and "Heinricus…Spirensis electus, E--- comes de Liningen et --- relicta quondam Friderici comitis de Liningen" concerning property "apud Bockenheim"[552]. Heinrich Bishop of Speyer confirmed the sale of property in Walsheim by "frater noster Emicho et fratruelis noster de Liningen comites" by charter dated 23 Sep 1266[553].

6. WALRAM (-after 16 Aug 1284). "Walramus Wormatiensis ecclesie et S. Guidonis in Spira prepositus" donated property to "Embichoni comiti de Lyningen fratri nostro" by charter dated 1249[554]. Provost at Worms cathedral. "Emicho, Walramus prepositus Wormaciensis, Bertholdus canonicus Spirensis fratres et Fridericus de Lyningen comites" granted property to "Ioannem filium Cunonis de Durenkeim militis" by charter dated Jun 1256[555]. "Walramus…prepositus maioris ecclesie Wormat." donated property "in Abenheim" to Otterberg by charter dated 16 Aug 1284, witnessed by "patrui nostri…Fridericus senior et Emicho comites de Liningen"[556]. The reference to "patrui" in the last document is unexplained, unless the donor was a different person, belonging to a later generation, than Walram who is recorded in the sources dated 1249 and Jun 1256.

7. daughter . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m KUNO von Malberg zu Finstingen (-before 1262).

Graf Friedrich & his [second] wife had [two] children:

8. BERTHOLD (-17 May 1285). Canon at Speyer cathedral 1247. "Emicho, Walramus prepositus Wormaciensis, Bertholdus canonicus Spirensis fratres et Fridericus de Lyningen comites" granted property to "Ioannem filium Cunonis de Durenkeim militis" by charter dated Jun 1256[557]. Bishop of Bamberg 1257. "Bertholdus…Babenbergensis ecclesie episcopus" conferred property of "avunculus noster Ch. Burgravius de Nurenberch" on "avunculus noster Fridericus Burgravius de Nurenberch" by charter dated 1262[558]. "Ber[tholdus]…Babenbergensis Episcopus" appointed "consanguineus noster…Fridericus Burcravius de Nurenberc…filia sua Maria" as his heir in various properties, and if she died "aliam Adelheidam", in particular if "Cunradus frater dicti Burcravii" died childless, by charter dated 24 Apr 1262[559]. "Bertholdus…Episcopus Babenbergensis" appointed "cognate nostre Elyzabeth uxori eiusdem et Marie filie ipsius" as his heir in property in fiefs held from "consanguineus noster Fridericus Burgravius in Nurenberch", by charter dated 15 Jun 1267[560]. These appointments suggest that Berthold may not have had brothers and sisters of the full blood with children, and therefore that the other children of Graf Friedrich who are shown above were probably born from their father´s first marriage. Berthold Bishop of Bamberg confirmed that "avunculus noster comes Henricus de Kastel et uxor sua Adelhedis matertera nostra" renounced their rights in the property of "avunculi nostri Friderici Burgravii de Nurenberch" and promised not to sell "castra Kastel…et Halleberch" without the permission of "Fr[iderici] de Nurenberch Burgravii soceri sui" by charter dated 1 Sep 1283[561].

9. EBERHARD . The Annales Wormatienses record that "Heinricus episcopus" [Heinrich von Saarbrücken Bishop of Worms] introduced "filium fratris sui comitis de Liningen…Eberhardum" into the Dominican order in 1226, adding that he died "in eadem domo" and was buried "in area fratrem ibidem"[562]. 1265/1280. Monk.

EMICH [IV] von Leiningen, son of FRIEDRICH [III] von Saarbrücken Graf von Leiningen & his [first] wife [Agnes von Eberstein] (-[1276/79]). The Annales Wormatienses name "domni Friderici comitis de Liningen et domni Emichonis fratris sui" in 1249[563]. Graf von Leiningen in Landeck. A charter dated 18 Feb 1251 records a dispute between Otterberg and "Heinricus…Spirensis electus, E--- comes de Liningen et --- relicta quondam Friderici comitis de Liningen" concerning property "apud Bockenheim"[564]. "Emicho comes de Liningen, Bertholdus et Godfridus fratres dicti de Metis in Liningen" confirmed the donation to Kloster Otterberg made by "Marquardus de Rodenbach et uxor sua" by charter dated 1252[565]. "Emecho comes de Liningen et Fridericus fratuelis ipsius iunior comes de Liningen" confirmed sale of revenue from property "in Walesheim" made to Speyer by charter dated 14 Dec 1254[566]. "Emecho comes in Liningen" sold property "curtem nostram et fratruelis nostri Friderici in Buele sitam" to Speyer, with the consent of "uxor nostra…Elisabetha, relicta fratris nostri Friderici Udalhardis, filius ipsius Fridericus", by charter dated 1 Mar 1256[567]. "Emicho, Walramus prepositus Wormaciensis, Bertholdus canonicus Spirensis fratres et Fridericus de Lyningen comites" granted property to "Ioannem filium Cunonis de Durenkeim militis" by charter dated Jun 1256[568].

m firstly ELISABETH, daughter of --- (-[8 Apr] before 1264). "Emecho comes in Liningen" sold property "curtem nostram et fratruelis nostri Friderici in Buele sitam" to Speyer, with the consent of "uxor nostra…Elisabetha, relicta fratris nostri Friderici Udalhardis, filius ipsius Fridericus", by charter dated 1 Mar 1256[569]. [The necrology of Arnstein an der Lahn records the death 8 Apr of "Lyse comitisse de Lyningen"[570].]

m secondly (15 Mar 1265) as her second husband, MARGARETA von Hengebach, widow of SIMON Graf von Sponheim, daughter of EBERHARD [III] von Hengebach & his wife Elisabeth von Hochstaden. 1248/91.

Graf Emich [IV] & his first wife had four children:

1. EMICH [V] von Leiningen (-1289). Graf von Leiningen. "Emecho comes de Liningen, Catharina uxor sua, Otto comes de Nassauwe, Agnes uxor sua, Johannes comes de Spanheim, Alheidis uxor sua, Henricus dominus de Blanckenberg et Cunigundis uxor sua, sororii et sorores mei Emechonis comitis" confirmed the sale of property "in villa Liestorff" to Kloster Wadegoz made by "felicis recordationis dominus Emecho quondam comes de Liningen" by charter dated Jan 1288[571]. m as her first husband, KATHERINA von Ochsenstein, daughter of OTTO [II] Herr von Ochsenstein & his wife Kunigunde von Habsburg. "Emecho comes de Liningen, Catharina uxor sua, Otto comes de Nassauwe, Agnes uxor sua, Johannes comes de Spanheim, Alheidis uxor sua, Henricus dominus de Blanckenberg et Cunigundis uxor sua, sororii et sorores mei Emechonis comitis" confirmed the sale of property "in villa Liestorff" to Kloster Wadegoz made by "felicis recordationis dominus Emecho quondam comes de Liningen" by charter dated Jan 1288[572]. She married secondly ([3 Jun 1290]) Johann Graf von Sponheim. Rudolf I King of Germany pledged “castrum Wer” to "domine Katarine de Ossinsten relicte quondam Emichonis de Liningen consanguinee nostre" as dowry for "Johannem comitem de Sponheim suum maritum" by charter dated 3 Jun 1290[573]. Emich [V] & his wife had one child:

a) RUDOLF von Leiningen (-1290). Graf von Leiningen.

2. AGNES von Leiningen (-[Dec 1299/1303]). A manuscript dated to end 13th/early 14th century records "…Otto et uxor eius Agnes…"[574]. "Emecho comes de Liningen, Catharina uxor sua, Otto comes de Nassauwe, Agnes uxor sua, Johannes comes de Spanheim, Alheidis uxor sua, Henricus dominus de Blanckenberg et Cunigundis uxor sua, sororii et sorores mei Emechonis comitis" confirmed the sale of property "in villa Liestorff" to Kloster Wadegoz made by "felicis recordationis dominus Emecho quondam comes de Liningen" by charter dated Jan 1288[575]. "Ottho comes de Nassawen…cum uxore nostra Agnete nec non Henrico nostro primogenito" confirmed the donation of "bonorum in Hasilbach et Aldindorph" to the church in Aldenburg made by "matrem nostram Methildim comitissam bone mem…cum sorore nostra Katherina ibidem locata" by charter dated 3 May 1289[576]. "Agnes relicta quondam…dni Ottonis…comitis de Nassawe" donated property "in Herberin" to Aldenburg "et…sororie nostre Dne Katerine et filie nostre Gertrudis", with the consent of "nostrorum filiorum…Henrici, Emiconis militum, Ottonis et Iohannis clericorum", by charter dated Dec 1299[577]. m OTTO Graf von Nassau, son of HEINRICH II "der Reiche" Graf von Nassau & his wife Mathilde van Gelderland (-[1289/90]).

3. ADELHEID von Leiningen (-[1301]). "Emecho comes de Liningen, Catharina uxor sua, Otto comes de Nassauwe, Agnes uxor sua, Johannes comes de Spanheim, Alheidis uxor sua, Henricus dominus de Blanckenberg et Cunigundis uxor sua, sororii et sorores mei Emechonis comitis" confirmed the sale of property "in villa Liestorff" to Kloster Wadegoz made by "felicis recordationis dominus Emecho quondam comes de Liningen" by charter dated Jan 1288[578]. "Fridericus comes de Liningen" made a treaty with "Aleyde filia quondam Emichonis comitis de Liningen patrui nostri…comitissa de Spanheim et ipsius liberis…pueris suis Rudolfum de Alsenbruch et Wildericum de Spanheim milites" by charter dated 1 Jul 1291[579]. m ([1265]) JOHANN Graf von Sponheim, son of SIMON [I] Graf von Sponheim & his wife Margareta von Hengebach (-1291).

4. KUNIGUNDE von Leiningen (-after Jan 1288). "Emecho comes de Liningen, Catharina uxor sua, Otto comes de Nassauwe, Agnes uxor sua, Johannes comes de Spanheim, Alheidis uxor sua, Henricus dominus de Blanckenberg et Cunigundis uxor sua, sororii et sorores mei Emechonis comitis" confirmed the sale of property "in villa Liestorff" to Kloster Wadegoz made by "felicis recordationis dominus Emecho quondam comes de Liningen" by charter dated Jan 1288[580]. m (before 1267) HENRI Seigneur de Blamont, son of ---.

E. GRAFEN von VELDENZ

The county of Veldenz lay south of the county of Sponheim and the Rheingrafschaft, south-east of the river Mosel, its territory lying around the town of Lichtenberg, although the town of Veldenz itself lay within the lay jurisdiction of the archbishopric of Trier. The county originally formed part of the county of Nahegau. Croll studied the first dynasty of the Grafen von Veldenz in the 18th century and concluded that they probably descended from the Grafen im Nahegau who are shown in Part B of the present chapter, and in whose family the names Emich and Gerlach are repeated[581]. It is not impossible that Gerlach [I] Graf von Veldenz and his brother Emich, ancestor of the Wildgrafen, were the same persons as Graf Emich (named in various sources dated between 1108 and 1135 as Graf im Nahegau, Graf von Schmidburg and Graf von Kirburg) and his brother Gerlach. The mentions of the two sets of brothers cover approximately the same period, and no other record has been identified of the marriages and descendants of Graf Emich im Nahegau and his brother Gerlach. The only apparent difficulty is that most sources, in which the brothers are named together, name the Veldenz brothers in a different order from the Nahegau/Schmidburg brothers, which suggests a different order of seniority by age. Another possibility is that the Veldenz brothers were first cousins of the Nahegau/Schmidburg brothers, maybe sons of an otherwise unrecorded sister.

The primary sources reveal five successive counts of Veldenz named Gerlach between the 1130s and the mid-13th century. Given the birth of Graf Gerlach [V], dated to after 1228, the chronology suggests that these five counts belonged to at least five successive generations. However, it should be noted that no primary sources have yet been identified which confirm the parentage of either Graf Gerlach [II] or Graf Gerlach [IV]. On the basis of our current knowledge, it cannot therefore be confirmed that these five counts represented a continuous succession from father to son. Little information about the lives and careers of the Grafen von Veldenz is gleaned from the primary sources, apart from their enjoyment of a prominent position in the courts of both the archbishop of Mainz and the archbishop of Trier, at least throughout most of the 12th century, as shown by their witnessing numerous imperial and archiepiscopal charters. The county of Veldenz was closely linked to the church of Verdun whose ownership of property within the county is recorded in several sources. Laurence of Laon´s Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium records that Richer Bishop of Verdun travelled northwards along the river Mosel "ad Valdentiam alodium ecclesiæ" where he died in 1107[582]. Emperor Friedrich I confirmed the privileges of the church of Verdun by charter dated 17 Aug 1156, which lists "Valdentiam…castrum cum advocatia et banno" among the church´s possessions[583]. Graf Gerlach [IV] confirmed his allegiance to the bishop of Verdun for his castle in 1235. No primary source has yet been identified which shows that the Veldenz comital family founded a specific monastic establishment themselves or that they enjoyed a continuous association with one particular church or abbey. No indication has yet been found of the identities of the wives of Graf Gerlach [II] or Graf Gerlach [III], although they presumably belonged to prominent local Franconian comital families as judged by the known marriages of the three other counts named Gerlach. The heiress of Graf Gerlach [V] married the Swabian nobleman Heinrich von Geroldseck in the late 1260s. The couple were ancestors of the second dynasty of Grafen von Veldenz (not treated in the present document) until its extinction in the male line in 1444, when the county passed to Stefan Pfalzgraf in Simmern und Zweibrücken who had married the heiress, and through whom he also succeeded in reuniting the frequently divided territories of the county of Sponheim.

Two brothers:

1. GERLACH [I] (-before 1141). "Werinherus…comes et advocatus cenobii sancte crucis in Cofunga" donated "in Oggozeshusum mansum 1, in Crumbelbach mansos 2, Vennee 3 mansos…Ritte mansos 3…" to the abbess of Kaufungen by charter dated 1102, witnessed by "Bertholfus comes, Sigefrid palatinus comes, Emicho comes, Emicho comes, Gerlach comes, Udo comes"[584]. "Arnoldus comes, Gerlahus comes, Embricho vicedominus…" witnessed the charter dated 1119, before 15 Aug, under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz granted property to Stift St Maria at Mainz[585]. "…Gerlachus Comes de Feldenzun…" witnessed the charter dated 1130 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations to Mainz[586]. "…Gerlacus de Veldence…" witnessed the charter dated 1131 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the donation of "villa Woverebach…in pago Wetereiba in comitatu Bertoldi comitis de Nuringe" to Mainz[587]. Emperor Lothar donated property to Epternach by charter dated 24 Apr 1131 witnessed by "…Gerlacus comes fraterque suus Imecho…"[588]. "…Emmecho comes et frater eius Gerlacus de Veldenz…" witnessed the charter dated 1136 which records an agreement between the canons of Trier St Simon and Bamberg St Georg concerning tithes in Hönningen[589]. m CÄCILIE von Thüringen, daughter of LUDWIG "der Salier/der Springer" Graf in Thüringen & his wife Adelheid von Stade (-1141, bur Reinhardsbrunn). The Historia Brevis Principum Thuringiæ names (in order) "Cunegundim, Ceciliam, Adelheidim" as the three daughters of "Ludewicus comes" & his wife Adelheid[590]. The Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis names "Ceciliam" as second daughter of Graf Ludwig & his wife, recording that she married "comes de Weldense Gerlacus" and that by him she was mother of "Udonem minorem Cycensem episcopum"[591]. The Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the death in 1141 of "Cecilia filia comitis Ludewici primi…relicta comitis Gerlaci" and her burial at Reinhardsbrunn[592]. Gerlach [I] & his wife had [two] children:

a) [GERLACH [II] (-1186 or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. However, it is clear that Gerlach [II] must have been a different person from Gerlach [I] as Cäcilie von Thüringen was named as widow of the latter in 1141. Graf von Veldenz.]

- see below.

b) UDO . The Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis names "Ceciliam" as second daughter of Graf Ludwig & his wife, recording that she married "comes de Weldense Gerlacus" and that by him she was mother of "Udonem minorem Cycensem episcopum"[593].

2. EMICH (-after 1136). "Werinherus…comes et advocatus cenobii sancte crucis in Cofunga" donated "in Oggozeshusum mansum 1, in Crumbelbach mansos 2, Vennee 3 mansos…Ritte mansos 3…" to the abbess of Kaufungen by charter dated 1102, witnessed by "Bertholfus comes, Sigefrid palatinus comes, Emicho comes, Emicho comes, Gerlach comes, Udo comes"[594]. Emperor Lothar donated property to Epternach by charter dated 24 Apr 1131 witnessed by "…Gerlacus comes fraterque suus Imecho…"[595]. "…Emmecho comes et frater eius Gerlacus de Veldenz…" witnessed the charter dated 1136 which records an agreement between the canons of Trier St Simon and Bamberg St Georg concerning tithes in Hönningen[596].

- WILDGRAFEN und GRAFEN von KYRBURG.

GERLACH [II], son of [GERLACH [I] Graf von Veldenz & his wife Cäcilie von Thüringen] (-1186 or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. However, it is clear that Gerlach [II] must have been a different person from Gerlach [I] as Cäcilie von Thüringen was named as widow of the latter in 1141. Graf von Veldenz. "…Comites…Gerlaus de Veldece…" subscribed the charter dated 30 May 1145 under which Heinrich Archbishop of Mainz confirmed possessions of the canons of Gottesthal[597]. "…Conradus comes de Kirberg, Gerlacus comes fraterque suus Imecho…" subscribed the charter dated 4 Jan 1146 under which Konrad III King of Germany confirmed an agreement between Adalbero Archbishop of Trier and Henri Comte de Namur[598]. Hillin Archbishop of Trier confirmed an exchange of property "in pago Nahgove in archiepiscopatu Moguntino per manum Folmari comitis de Castele et advocati prædictæ curiæ" for property "in Nasove…in pago Logenæ" with the bishop of Worms, represented by "advocati maioris domus Symonis comitis de Sarbruke", adding that "prædictum castrum de Nasove" had been occupied violently by "antecessores Ruberti et Arnoldi de Lurenberg", by charter dated 9 Mar 1158 witnessed by "Symon advocatus maioris domus Wormatiensis ecclesiæ, Folmar comes de Castele, Cunradus comes de Cherberch, Hemico comes de Boimeneburch, Godefridus comes de Spanheim, Gerlacus comes de Veldenze…"[599]. "…Gerlacus comes de Veldence…" subscribed a charter dated end 1173 under which Christian Archbishop of Mainz confirmed a donation to Kloster Tiefenthal[600]. "Gerhardus Silvester comes et frater eius Conradus, Gerlacus comes de Veldenzem et filius eius Gerlacus, Embricho Hirsutus comes et frater eius Conradus…" witnessed a charter dated 1186 under which the archbishop of Mainz confirmed an exchange involving Flonheim[601].

m ---. The name of Gerlach´s wife is not known.

Gerlach [II] & his wife had one child:

1. GERLACH [III] (-after 22 Nov 1214). "Gerhardus Silvester comes et frater eius Conradus, Gerlacus comes de Veldenzem et filius eius Gerlacus, Embricho Hirsutus comes et frater eius Conradus…" witnessed a charter dated 1186 under which the archbishop of Mainz confirmed an exchange involving Flonheim[602]. Graf von Veldenz. ["Gerlacus Comes de Veldenzin…" witnessed the charter dated 1191 under which Konrad Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the foundation of Kloster Conradsdorf by "Hartmannus de Budigen"[603]. "…Henricus comes de Spanheim, Henricus comes de Sarbrucken, Gerlacus comes de Veldense, Bertoldus comes de Dietse, Gotfridus comes de Vebing…" witnessed the charter dated 1192 under which Emperor Heinrich VI confirmed privileges of the church of Mainz[604]. It is uncertain whether these two documents refer to Graf Gerlach [II] or Graf Gerlach [III]: his privileged position in the witness list suggests seniority which may indicate that he was Gerlach [II] rather than his son.] "Gerlacus comes de Veldence" and the abbey of St Eucharius, Trier reached agreement about "Hunria villarum…Hemptre et Lampaiden" by charter dated 1202[605]. Emperor Friedrich II ordered the destruction of "castrum Lichtenberg" built without authorisation by "comes de Veldencem in allodio S. Remigii Remensis" by charter dated 22 Nov 1214[606]. m ---. The name of Gerlach´s wife is not known. Gerlach [III] & his wife had [two] children:

a) [GERLACH [IV] (-before 30 Apr 1245). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. However, the chronology indicates that Graf Gerlach [IV] must have been a different person from Graf Gerlach [III]. Graf von Veldenz. Theodericus Archbishop of Trier confirmed an agreement between "Gerlaco comiti Valdencie" and Jean Bishop of Verdun concerning the rights of the bishopric by charter dated 30 Nov 1220[607]. "Gerlacus comes de Veldence" donated "capellam Ennensheym" to the church of Flanheim St Maria by charter dated 1224, witnessed by "Silvester comes Conradus, Embericho de Lapide…"[608]. "Guerlacus comes Valdencie" confirmed allegiance to the bishop of Verdun for "castro meo" by charter dated 23 Aug 1235[609]. "Ermesindis comitissa Luccemburgensis et Ruppinensis" granted "villam de Grevewilre et de Rodeha et de Vinckenbach" to "Gerlacus comes Veldentzie…consensu Beatricis uxoris sue" by charter dated 25 Feb 1236[610].] m (before 25 Feb 1236) BEATRIX, daughter of [KONRAD [II] Wildgraf & his wife Gisela von Saarbrücken]. "Ermesindis comitissa Luccemburgensis et Ruppinensis" granted "villam de Grevewilre et de Rodeha et de Vinckenbach" to "Gerlacus comes Veldentzie…consensu Beatricis uxoris sue" by charter dated 25 Feb 1236[611]. "Beatrix comitissa domini Gerlaci bone memorie comitis Veldencie relicta…filii mei Gerlaci tutrix et curatrix" founded a mass at St Helenenburg, in accordance with the testament of "dominus supradictus" and with the consent of "consanguineorum…", by charter dated 30 Apr 1245[612]. Croll states that Konrad [II] Wildgraf calls Gerlach [V] Graf von Veldenz "nepotem" in a charter dated 1259 and that this word has been interpreted as "grandson" in a mid-18th century manuscript genealogy[613]. The relationship is also suggested by the charter dated Apr 1271 under which "Conradus de Bochisberc...cum...Gerlacus pie recordationis quondam comes de Veldenze, avunculi nostri…Craftonis, Gerhardi canonicorum Herbipolensium et Adilheidis confratrum nostrorum, matri nostre quondam sorore sue" renounced revenue "de curia Konken", with the consent of "Craftonis, Gerhardis et Adilheidis predictorum confratrum nostrorum", and names "avunculus noster dominus Emicho comes Silvestris…et Hugonis nati sui" as guarantors[614]. Gerlach [IV] & his wife had two children:

i) GERLACH [V] (after [1228]-[17 Jun 1259/Jul 1260]). "Beatrix comitissa domini Gerlaci bone memorie comitis Veldencie relicta…filii mei Gerlaci tutrix et curatrix" founded a mass at St Helenenburg, in accordance with the testament of "dominus supradictus" and with the consent of "consanguineorum…", by charter dated 30 Apr 1245[615]. Graf von Veldenz. "Gerlacus comes Veldentzie" freed "Heinricus dictus de Suffersheim et Benigna conjuges in terminis ville nostre Wentzenheim" by charter dated 6 Dec 1254[616]. "Gerlacus comes Veldentie" donated property "in Osterna et in Ouinbach" to Kloster Wersweiler, with the consent of "uxoris nostre Elisabeth et parentum nostrorum", by charter dated Aug 1258[617]. Eberhard Bishop of Worms recognised that, if "Gerlacum comitem de Veldenze" died without male heirs, "filiabus suis" would inherit "castrum Landsburg" held by Graf Gerlach from the bishopric, by charter dated 17 Jun 1259[618]. m (1254) ELISABETH von Zweibrücken, daughter of HEINRICH [II] Graf von Zweibrücken & his wife Agnes von Eberstein (-1259). "Hanricus comes et A. comitissa Geminipontis" granted dowry to "generum nostrum Gerlacum comitem de Veldentia", with the consent of "patris nostri E. comitis de Everstein et A. matris nostre necnon Elizabeth et Adleidis filiarum E. quondam comitis de Seina fratris nostri", by charter dated Jul 1258[619]. "Gerlacus comes Veldentie" donated property "in Osterna et in Ouinbach" to Kloster Wersweiler, with the consent of "uxoris nostre Elisabeth et parentum nostrorum", by charter dated Aug 1258[620]. Gerlach [V] & his wife had [two] children:

(a) AGNES ([1254/55]-). "Agneta comitissa filia quondam Gerlaci comitis de Veldentze" granted property "in villa Leibersheim" to "de Landesburg et de Liechtenberg castrensium nostrorum Balwino militi de Landesberg", with the consent of "avi nostri Henrici comitis Geminipontis", by charter dated 10 Jun 1263[621]. m (before 3 Aug 1270) HEINRICH von Geroldseck, son of --- (-[after 1296]). Graf von Veldenz. The marriage contract between "Walterum seniorem filium…domini H. de Gerolsdesekken, comitis Veldencie" and "Ymenam filiam…Sy bone memorie comitis de Spanheim…Johannes de Spanheim frater predicte Ymene" is dated 3 Aug 1270[622].

(b) daughter(s) (-after 17 Jun 1259). That Graf Gerlach [V] had more than one daughter is confirmed by the charter dated 17 Jun 1259 under which Eberhard Bishop of Worms recognised that, if "Gerlacum comitem de Veldenze" died without male heirs, "filiabus suis" would inherit "castrum Landsburg" held by Graf Gerlach from the bishopric[623].

ii) ADELHEID (-after Apr 1271). Croll cites sources which, read together, indicate this marriage, together with a reconstruction of the family of the Herren von Bocksberg and Herren von Krautheim from 1144 to the end-13th century[624]. "Conradus de Bochisberc...cum...Gerlacus pie recordationis quondam comes de Veldenze, avunculi nostri…Craftonis, Gerhardi canonicorum Herbipolensium et Adilheidis confratrum nostrorum, matri nostre quondam sorore sue" renounced revenue "de curia Konken", with the consent of "Craftonis, Gerhardis et Adilheidis predictorum confratrum nostrorum", by charter dated Apr 1271 which names "avunculus noster dominus Emicho comes Silvestris…et Hugonis nati sui" as guarantors[625]. m KRAFT [I] von Bocksberg, son of --- (-before 1271). "Krafto de Bochisberc" granted "partem predii nostri Grewilre, Hohenhelde, Niwenburc" to "Balduwino militi et filio suo Balduwino cognomine Bische de Landesburc" by charter dated 1268[626].

b) [HUGO (-after 1257). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Canon at Trier cathedral.]

F. WILDGRAFEN

EMICH, son of --- (-after 1136). "Werinherus…comes et advocatus cenobii sancte crucis in Cofunga" donated "in Oggozeshusum mansum 1, in Crumbelbach mansos 2, Vennee 3 mansos…Ritte mansos 3…" to the abbess of Kaufungen by charter dated 1102, witnessed by "Bertholfus comes, Sigefrid palatinus comes, Emicho comes, Emicho comes, Gerlach comes, Udo comes"[627]. Emperor Lothar donated property to Epternach by charter dated 24 Apr 1131 witnessed by "…Gerlacus comes fraterque suus Imecho…"[628]. "…Emmecho comes et frater eius Gerlacus de Veldenz…" witnessed the charter dated 1136 which records an agreement between the canons of Trier St Simon and Bamberg St Georg concerning tithes in Hönningen[629].

m ---. The name of Emich´s wife is not known.

Emich & his wife had two children:

1. KONRAD (-after 1173). Wildgraf. Graf von Kyrburg. "…Cunrat comes de Kereberch, frater eius Emicho, Wolfram comes de Wertheim, Gerhart comes de Nuringen, Gerhart comes de Berebach et frater eius Henric…" witnessed the charter dated 1143, after 27 Sep, under which Heinrich Archbishop of Mainz confirmed property of Kloster St Victor, Mainz[630]. "…Cunradus comes et frater eius Emmecho…" subscribed the charter dated 1144 under which Heinrich Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations to Kloster Eberbach[631]. "…Conradus comes de Kirberg, Gerlacus comes fraterque suus Imecho…" subscribed the charter dated 4 Jan 1146 under which Konrad III King of Germany confirmed an agreement between Adalbero Archbishop of Trier and Henri Comte de Namur[632]. "…comes Conradus et frater suus Embicho…" subscribed the charter dated 1151 under which Heinrich Archbishop of Mainz donated property to Kloster Winkel[633]. The Annales Sancti Disibodi (Continuatio) name "…Cuonradus comes de Kirberg…" among those present with the king when he celebrated Christmas at Worms in 1155[634]. "…Conradus irsutus comes…" subscribed the charter dated 1170 under which Christian Archbishop of Mainz settled a dispute between "Embrichonem ringravium" and Kloster Johannisberg[635]. Philipp Archbishop of Köln exchanged property "in Rode" with Kloster Otterberg for property "in villa Boshovesheim", held by "Wernherus de Bolandia", by charter dated 1173, witnessed by "Wernherus de Bolanden eiusdem predii advocatus, comes Emicho de Liningen, Irsutus comes, comes Heinricus de Dietse…"[636]. m MATHILDE de Bar, daughter of RENAUD [I] Comte de Bar & his wife Gisèle de Vaudémont. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to "comites qui dicuntur Silvestres in Allemanni" as descended from "tertia [sorore eiusdem comitis =comes Barri iunior Raynaldus]"[637]. The primary source which confirms her name and more precisely identifies her husband has not yet been identified. Konrad & his wife had four children:

a) GERHARD [I] (-after [1198/1202]). Wildgraf. "Gerhardus Silvester comes et frater eius Conradus, Gerlacus comes de Veldenzem et filius eius Gerlacus, Embricho Hirsutus comes et frater eius Conradus…" witnessed a charter dated 1186 under which the archbishop of Mainz confirmed an exchange involving Flonheim[638]. Graf von Kyrburg.

- see below.

b) KONRAD (-after 1186). "Gerhardus Silvester comes et frater eius Conradus, Gerlacus comes de Veldenzem et filius eius Gerlacus, Embricho Hirsutus comes et frater eius Conradus…" witnessed a charter dated 1186 under which the archbishop of Mainz confirmed an exchange involving Flonheim[639]. Abbot of St Maximin at Trier.

c) MATHILDE (-after 1221). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Mathildis uxor comitis Manasseri Reytestensis [et] Cunegundis domna de Rista" as daughters of "tertia [sorore eiusdem comitis =comes Barri iunior Raynaldus]"[640]. "Manassès comte de Rethel et Hugues son fils" donated property to Signy, in the presence of "Mahaud femme de Manassès, Baudouin son frère et Félicité femme de Hugues", by charter dated 1194[641]. m (before 16 Sep 1176) MANASSES [IV] Comte de Rethel, son of ITHIER de Vitry Comte de Rethel & his wife Béatrice de Namur (-[1198/1200]).

d) KUNIGUNDE . The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Mathildis uxor comitis Manasseri Reytestensis [et] Cunegundis domna de Rista" as daughters of "tertia [sorore eiusdem comitis =comes Barri iunior Raynaldus]"[642]. m HUGO [I] Comte de Lunéville, son of FOLMAR [I] Graf von Bliescastel & his wife Clementia von Metz (-1220 or after).

2. EMICH [I] (-after 1172). "…Cunrat comes de Kereberch, frater eius Emicho, Wolfram comes de Wertheim, Gerhart comes de Nuringen, Gerhart comes de Berebach et frater eius Henric…" witnessed the charter dated 1143, after 27 Sep, under which Heinrich Archbishop of Mainz confirmed property of Kloster St Victor, Mainz[643]. "…Cunradus comes et frater eius Emmecho…" subscribed the charter dated 1144 under which Heinrich Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations to Kloster Eberbach[644]. Graf von Naumburg/Neuenburg 1146. Raugraf 1148. "…Comes Conradus et frater suus Embicho…" subscribed the charter dated 1151 under which Heinrich Archbishop of Mainz donated property to Kloster Winkel[645]. Hillin Archbishop of Trier confirmed an exchange of property "in pago Nahgove in archiepiscopatu Moguntino per manum Folmari comitis de Castele et advocati prædictæ curiæ" for property "in Nasove…in pago Logenæ" with the bishop of Worms, represented by "advocati maioris domus Symonis comitis de Sarbruke", adding that "prædictum castrum de Nasove" had been occupied violently by "antecessores Ruberti et Arnoldi de Lurenberg", by charter dated 9 Mar 1158 witnessed by "Symon advocatus maioris domus Wormatiensis ecclesiæ, Folmar comes de Castele, Cunradus comes de Cherberch, Hemico comes de Boimeneburch, Godefridus comes de Spanheim, Gerlacus comes de Veldenze…"[646]. m ---. The name of Emich´s wife is not known. Emich [I] & his wife had [two] children:

a) [EMICH [II] . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Raugraf. "Gerhardus Silvester comes et frater eius Conradus, Gerlacus comes de Veldenzem et filius eius Gerlacus, Embricho Hirsutus comes et frater eius Conradus…" witnessed a charter dated 1186 under which the archbishop of Mainz confirmed an exchange involving Flonheim[647]. "Gerlacus Comes de Veldenzin, Emercho comes Irsutus, Bertoldus comes de Nidee, Wernherus comes de Widechinstein, Hardradus de Merenberg" witnessed the charter dated 1191 under which Konrad Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the foundation of Kloster Conradsdorf by "Hartmannus de Budigen"[648]. "Embricho Irsutus comes et filius eius Conradus…" witnessed the charter dated 1194 under which Konrad Archbishop of Mainz renewed the donation of "ecclesiam in Mengesrod" made to Kloster Ravengirsburg by "comitissa Friderun…et mariti sui Stephani"[649].]

- RAUGRAFEN zu STOLZENBERG und NEUENBAUMBURG[650]. "H --- dictus comes Irsutus et…domina Agnes uxor mea" donated property at Massholderbach to Kloster Otterburg by charter dated Dec 1247[651]. "Wulframus Ringravius" pledged "ville nostre Rimilsheim…cum castro Leiga" to "domino Gerardo comiti Irsuto", with the consent of "filii mei Embrichonis", by charter dated 27 Mar 1217, witnessed by "Ruperti comitis Irsuti et Wernheri de Bolanden…"[652]. "R. et G. comites Hirsuti" exchanged property with "R. de Wilre" by charter dated 1228[653]. "Heinricus et Conradus comites Irsuti de Bömenburc" and "comitem Symonem de Spanheim" agreed the ownership of property held by "Godefrido de Lebersheim filio quondam Hirzhals et Engelbrehto de Merchesheim" by charter dated 2 Nov 1248[654]. "Heinricus Hirsutus comes de Beymburg" granted fiefs to "Nicolaus et Johannes advocati de Huneltstein" by charter dated Feb 1255[655].

b) [KONRAD (-after 1186). "Gerhardus Silvester comes et frater eius Conradus, Gerlacus comes de Veldenzem et filius eius Gerlacus, Embricho Hirsutus comes et frater eius Conradus…" witnessed a charter dated 1186 under which the archbishop of Mainz confirmed an exchange involving Flonheim[656].]

GERHARD [I], son of KONRAD Wildgraf, Graf von Kyrburg & his wife Mathilde de Bar (-after [1198/1202]). Wildgraf. "Gerhardus Silvester comes et frater eius Conradus, Gerlacus comes de Veldenzem et filius eius Gerlacus, Embricho Hirsutus comes et frater eius Conradus…" witnessed a charter dated 1186 under which the archbishop of Mainz confirmed an exchange involving Flonheim[657]. Graf von Kyrburg.

m ([1198/1202]) as her first husband, AGNES von Wittelsbach, daughter of OTTO [IV] Pfalzgraf of Bavaria & his wife Benedikta von Wörth (-5 Mar ----). 1172/1219. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the wife of "Albertum [filius comiti Alberto de Everstein ultra Coliniam]" as "neptem archiepiscopi Moguntini que fuerat comitissa Silvestris sororem scilicet illius comitis Ottonis de Withhelebac qui interfecit Philippum de Suavia"[658]. She married secondly ([1198/1202]) as his second wife, Albert [IV] Graf von Everstein.

Gerhard & his wife had [three] children:

1. [GERHARD [II] (-[Mar 1217/1220]). Wildgraf. "Fridericus comes de Liningen" confirmed a donation to Kloster Otterberg made by "Bertholfus de Gerswilre" by undated charter, witnessed by "Gerhardus comes Irsutus, Fridericus de Frankenstein…", confirmed by Emperor Friedrich II by charter dated 10 Mar 1217[659]. No other reference has yet been found to this supposed Wildgraf Gerhard [II]. The date indicates that the documents could not refer to Wildgraf Gerhard [I], whose widow remarried in [1198/1202] as noted above. It is therefore assumed that they refer to an otherwise unrecorded son of Gerhard [II].]

2. KONRAD [II] (-1263 or after). Wildgraf. "Cunradis qui dicor Siluester comes" donated part of the churches at Blidendorf and Listorf to Kloster Wadegozingen, at the request of "Symonis comitis de Sarbrucken et…matris suæ Lukardis comitissæ de Wide", for the soul of "collateralis meæ Giselæ sororis iam dicti comitis Simonis", by charter dated 1220[660]. "Conradus comes Silvestris" settled a dispute between Kloster Otterburg and "Berthramum militem de Lonsheim" by charter dated 1240, witnessed by "Philippus de Hohenvels, Philippus de Valkenstein…"[661]. "Conradus comes Sylvester, Gysela comitissa, Emicho filius eorum" confirmed the donation to Flonheim St Maria made by "Heynrico homine nostro, marite Hepele de Vlanheim" by charter dated 14 Mar 1243[662]. "Cunradus comes Sylvester" divided his territories between "filios meos Emechonem et Godefridum", Emich taking "duo castra…Kyrburg et Smideburg" and Gottfried "duo castra…Dunam et Grumbach", by charter dated 1258[663]. m GISELA von Saarbrücken, daughter of SIMON [II] Graf von Saarbrücken & his wife Liutgarde von Leiningen (-1265 or after). "Cunradis qui dicor Siluester comes" donated part of the churches at Blidendorf and Listorf to Kloster Wadegozingen, at the request of "Symonis comitis de Sarbrucken et…matris suæ Lukardis comitissæ de Wide", for the soul of "collateralis meæ Giselæ sororis iam dicti comitis Simonis", by charter dated 1220[664]. "Conradus comes Sylvester, Gysela comitissa, Emicho filius eorum" confirmed the donation to Flonheim St Maria made by "Heynrico homine nostro, marite Hepele de Vlanheim" by charter dated 14 Mar 1243[665]. Konrad [II] & his wife had [nine] children:

a) GERHARD (-25 Sep 1259). Archbishop-Elector of Mainz 1249.

b) [BEATRIX (-1245 or after). "Ermesindis comitissa Luccemburgensis et Ruppinensis" granted "villam de Grevewilre et de Rodeha et de Vinckenbach" to "Gerlacus comes Veldentzie…consensu Beatricis uxoris sue" by charter dated 25 Feb 1236[666]. "Beatrix comitissa domini Gerlaci bone memorie comitis Veldencie relicta…filii mei Gerlaci tutrix et curatrix" founded a mass at St Helenenburg, in accordance with the testament of "dominus supradictus" and with the consent of "consanguineorum…", by charter dated 30 Apr 1245[667]. Croll states that Konrad [II] Wildgraf calls Gerlach [V] Graf von Veldenz "nepotem" in a charter dated 1259 and that this word has been interpreted as "grandson" in a mid-18th century manuscript genealogy[668]. The relationship is also suggested by the charter dated Apr 1271 under which "Conradus de Bochisberc...cum...Gerlacus pie recordationis quondam comes de Veldenze, avunculi nostri…Craftonis, Gerhardi canonicorum Herbipolensium et Adilheidis confratrum nostrorum, matri nostre quondam sorore sue" renounced revenue "de curia Konken", with the consent of "Craftonis, Gerhardis et Adilheidis predictorum confratrum nostrorum", and names "avunculus noster dominus Emicho comes Silvestris…et Hugonis nati sui" as guarantors[669]. m GERLACH [IV] Graf von Veldenz, son of GERLACH [III] Graf von Veldenz & his wife --- (-before 1245).]

c) EMICH [II] (-before 1284). "Conradus comes Sylvester, Gysela comitissa, Emicho filius eorum" confirmed the donation to Flonheim St Maria made by "Heynrico homine nostro, marite Hepele de Vlanheim" by charter dated 14 Mar 1243[670]. "Cunradus comes Sylvester" divided his territories between "filios meos Emechonem et Godefridum", Emich taking "duo castra…Kyrburg et Smideburg" and Gottfried "duo castra…Dunam et Grumbach", by charter dated 1258[671]. Wildgraf. Graf von Kyrburg. “Emich der Wildegreve und…Elizabeth sin…frawe geborn von Monfort” confirmed agreement with "grauen Sigebrechte von Werde deme lantgraven von Elsaze mime sune" concerning his inheritance dated 6 Feb 1265[672]. “Grave Sygebreht der lantgrave zu Elseze und…Gerthrud sin…frowe” signed another agreement with "Emicho der wildegrave und…Elisabeth sin…frowe geborn von Montfort" dated 27 Oct 1266[673]. "Conradus de Bochisberc...cum...Gerlacus pie recordationis quondam comes de Veldenze, avunculi nostri…Craftonis, Gerhardi canonicorum Herbipolensium et Adilheidis confratrum nostrorum, matri nostre quondam sorore sue" renounced revenue "de curia Konken", with the consent of "Craftonis, Gerhardis et Adilheidis predictorum confratrum nostrorum", by charter dated Apr 1271 which names "avunculus noster dominus Emicho comes Silvestris…et Hugonis nati sui" as guarantors[674]. m (after [1236/38]) as her third husband, ELISABETH von Montfort, widow firstly of MANEGOLD Graf von Nellenburg-Veringen, and secondly of HEINRICH [I] Graf von Werde Landgraf im Elsaß, daughter of HUGO [I] Graf von Montfort & his second wife Mechtild von Wangen (-after 27 Oct 1266). “Emich der Wildegreve und…Elizabeth sin…frawe geborn von Monfort” confirmed agreement with "grauen Sigebrechte von Werde deme lantgraven von Elsaze mime sune" concerning his inheritance dated 6 Feb 1265[675]. “Grave Sygebreht der lantgrave zu Elseze und…Gerthrud sin…frowe” signed another agreement with "Emicho der wildegrave und…Elisabeth sin…frowe geborn von Montfort" dated 27 Oct 1266[676].

- WILDGRAFEN in KYRBURG[677].

d) AGNES (-before 1254). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 7 Nov 1278 under which [her son] "Otto de Bickenbach" arbitrated between "Emechonem et Gozonem fratres comites Silvestres avonclos meos"[678]. m GOTTFRIED [I] von Bichenbach, son of --- (-before 1245).

e) BENEDIKTA (-before 1270). m (1246) KONRAD [III] Raugraf von Stolzenburg, son of --- (-1279 or after).

f) HEINRICH . 1257/84. Abbot of St Maximin at Trier.

g) KONRAD (-1 Mar 1278). Bishop of Freising.

h) SIMON . 1258/80. Provost of St Moritz at Mainz.

i) GOTTFRIED (-1301 or after). "Cunradus comes Sylvester" divided his territories between "filios meos Emechonem et Godefridum", Emich taking "duo castra…Kyrburg et Smideburg" and Gottfried "duo castra…Dunam et Grumbach", by charter dated 1258[679]. Wildgraf in Dhaun und Grumbach.

- WILDGRAFEN in DHAUN und GRUMBACH[680].

3. BEATRIX (-1240 or after). m firstly PHILIPP von Bolanden, son of --- (-[1220]). m secondly as his second wife, DIRK [I] Heer van Valkenburg, son of ARNOLD [III] von Kleve & his wife Adelheid von Heinsberg (1192-4 Nov 1228)).

Chapter 6. GRAFEN im RHEINGAU, RHEINGRAFEN

The pagus Rhenensis lay east of the river Rhein to the north of pagus Lobodonunsem, with Wiesbaden and Mainz in the northern part of the pagus and Worms in the southern. The southern part of the pagus later developed into the south-eastern half of the Grafschaft Katzenelnbogen, centred on the town of Darmstadt. The northern area formed part of the lay properties of the archbishopric of Mainz. A geographical description of the pagus Rhenensis during Carolingian times is found in the Acta Academiæ Theodoro-Palatinæ, based principally on donations made to Lorsch during the 9th and 10th centuries[681].

Leading families in the pagus Rhenensis between the late 8th and late 10th centuries included the descendants of Cancor, shown in the present document under the Grafen im Wormsgau, and the Konradiner (Grafen im Lahngau). The family of the Rheingrafen emerged in the same area in the late 11th century.

On the basis of the primary sources which have so far been consulted during the preparation of the present document, there is considerable uncertainty about the reconstruction of the early generations of this family.

1. --- . m HILTRUDIS, daughter of --- (-after 5 Oct 1071). Siegfried Archbishop of Mainz confirmed a donation by "nobilis matrona Hiltrudis…vidua filiusque eius Reinfredus et Ludowicus comes" of "hereditario iure…in pago Rinegowe…in villa Winkela, Eybinga et in Loricha" to Kloster St Victor at Mainz, by charter dated 5 Oct 1071, witnessed by "Gebeno prefectus civitatis, Emicho comes, Sigefredus comes, Wiggerus comes, Ludewicus comes, Udalrich advocatus, Adelbrecht advocatus, Megingoz centurion, Diebrecht, Dudo, Embricho filius eius"[682]. One child:

a) REINFRED (-after 5 Oct 1071). Siegfried Archbishop of Mainz confirmed a donation by "nobilis matrona Hiltrudis…vidua filiusque eius Reinfredus et Ludowicus comes" of "hereditario iure…in pago Rinegowe…in villa Winkela, Eybinga et in Loricha" to Kloster St Victor at Mainz, by charter dated 5 Oct 1071[683].

2. LUDWIG (-after 5 Oct 1071). Siegfried Archbishop of Mainz confirmed a donation by "nobilis matrona Hiltrudis…vidua filiusque eius Reinfredus et Ludowicus comes" of "hereditario iure…in pago Rinegowe…in villa Winkela, Eybinga et in Loricha" to Kloster St Victor at Mainz, by charter dated 5 Oct 1071[684]. Graf [im Rheingau]. The relationship, if any, between Ludwig and the other donors is not specified in the document.

1. RICULF (-after 1109). "Richolfus comes…" witnessed the charter dated 1090 under which "Dirolfus et uxor mea Heilrad" donated property "in confinio Altavilla iuxta ripam Reni" to Kloster Bleidenstatt, for the repose of "matris mee Friderun"[685]. A charter dated 1096 records a donation by "Giselbreth" of property "in marcha ville Winkela" next to property of "Richolfus comes" to Kloster Bleidenstatt[686]. Graf im Rheingau. "Richolfus comes Rinckaugie et uxor mea Danckmodis cum filio nostro Ludewico et filia nostra Werdtrude" donated "ecclesiam in villa nostra Clingelmunda infra Winzellam" to Propstei St Johann auf dem Bischofsberge by charter dated 1109, before 2 May[687]. m DANKMODIS, daughter of --- (-after 1109). "Richolfus comes Rinckaugie et uxor mea Danckmodis cum filio nostro Ludewico et filia nostra Werdtrude" donated "ecclesiam in villa nostra Clingelmunda infra Winzellam" to Propstei St Johann auf dem Bischofsberge by charter dated 1109, before 2 May[688]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[689], Dankmodis was the sister of Ruthard Archbishop of Mainz, but the primary source on which this information is based has not yet been identified. Riculf & his wife had [three] children:

a) LUDWIG (-after 1109). "Richolfus comes Rinckaugie et uxor mea Danckmodis cum filio nostro Ludewico et filia nostra Werdtrude" donated "ecclesiam in villa nostra Clingelmunda infra Winzellam" to Propstei St Johann auf dem Bischofsberge by charter dated 1109, before 2 May[690]. Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the property of Bischofsberg, including donations made by "Ludewicus comes in Rineguowe cum uxore sua Ludgardis", by charter dated 1140, witnessed by "…Embrico Comes de Rinegowe…"[691]. m LUITGARD, daughter of ---. Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the property of Bischofsberg, including donations made by "Ludewicus comes in Rineguowe cum uxore sua Ludgardis", by charter dated 1140, witnessed by "…Embrico Comes de Rinegowe…"[692].

same person as…? LUDWIG . Graf [im Rheingau]. m SOPHIE, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1126 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the donation by "religiosa…domina Ludgardis" to Kloster Bleidenstatt, for the souls of "Ludwici comitis et Sophie parentum suorum, Mechtildis de Stecklinberg amite sue, Embrichonis comitis, domini Ludwici abbatis fratrum suorum et Hiltrudis sororis sue", with the consent of "Embrichonis comitis Ringowie et Wulfrici de Winkla nepotum suorum"[693]. Ludwig & his wife had one child:

i) LUDGARDIS . Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the donation by "religiosa…domina Ludgardis" to Kloster Bleidenstatt, for the souls of "Ludwici comitis et Sophie parentum suorum, Mechtildis de Stecklinberg amite sue, Embrichonis comitis, domini Ludwici abbatis fratrum suorum et Hiltrudis sororis sue", with the consent of "Embrichonis comitis Ringowie et Wulfrici de Winkla nepotum suorum", by charter dated 1126, witnessed by "Emicho comes de Kireberc, Bertolfus comes de Nuringin, Embricho comes de Rinegowe, Wulframus de Lapide, Wulframus et Embricho filii sui…"[694].

b) WERDTRUD . "Richolfus comes Rinckaugie et uxor mea Danckmodis cum filio nostro Ludewico et filia nostra Werdtrude" donated "ecclesiam in villa nostra Clingelmunda infra Winzellam" to Propstei St Johann auf dem Bischofsberge by charter dated 1109, before 2 May[695]. A charter dated 1130, which records the confirmation by Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz of the possessions of Kloster Bischofsberge, states that "filie Richolfi comitis" became a recluse before her death[696].

c) [MECHTILD von Stecklinberg . Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1126 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the donation by "religiosa…domina Ludgardis" to Kloster Bleidenstatt, for the souls of "Ludwici comitis et Sophie parentum suorum, Mechtildis de Stecklinberg amite sue, Embrichonis comitis, domini Ludwici abbatis fratrum suorum et Hiltrudis sororis sue", with the consent of "Embrichonis comitis Ringowie et Wulfrici de Winkla nepotum suorum"[697]. It is not clear from this document whether Mechtild von Stecklinberg was the donor´s paternal or maternal aunt.]

Two siblings, related to the preceding family although the precise relationship is unclear:

1. EMBRICHO [II] (-after 1143). Graf [im Rheingau]. Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the donation by "religiosa…domina Ludgardis" to Kloster Bleidenstatt, for the souls of "Ludwici comitis et Sophie parentum suorum, Mechtildis de Stecklinberg amite sue, Embrichonis comitis, domini Ludwici abbatis fratrum suorum et Hiltrudis sororis sue", with the consent of "Embrichonis comitis Ringowie et Wulfrici de Winkla nepotum suorum", by charter dated 1126, witnessed by "Emicho comes de Kireberc, Bertolfus comes de Nuringin, Embricho comes de Rinegowe, Wulframus de Lapide, Wulframus et Embricho filii sui…"[698]. The wording of this charter suggests that "Embrichonis comitis Ringowie…nepotum suorum" (shown as Embricho [II] in the present document) was a different person from "Embrichonis comitis" for whose soul the donation was made (Embricho [I], see below). The word "suorum" in the phrase "nepotum suorum" appears to refer to the donor. It is not known with certainty that Graf Embricho [II] was the nephew of Ludgardis, or a more distant relative, given the usual confusion surrounding the word "nepos". However, it does appear reasonably clear that Embricho [II] must have been the successor of Embricho [I] as Graf im Rheingau. ["Emicho comes et frater suus Gerlach, Meinhardus comes de Spanheim, Arnoldus de Lurinbergk, Sifridus comes de Nuringen, Albero de Hachinfels, Eberhardus de Hostetten…Embricho comes de Rinegowe…" witnessed the charter dated 1123 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed donations to Kloster Altmünster by "Meingotus filius Embrichonis quondam camerarii nostri", when leaving for Jerusalem, with the consent of "fratris sui Dudonis"[699]. It is not known whether the witness "Embricho comes de Rinegowe" was Embricho [I] or Embricho [II].] Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the property of Bischofsberg, including donations made by "Ludewicus comes in Rineguowe cum uxore sua Ludgardis", by charter dated 1140, witnessed by "…Embrico Comes de Rinegowe…"[700]. "…Hadewigis…soror nostra…" donated property to Kloster Johannisberg "per manum fratris sui Embrichonis" by charter dated 1143[701].

2. HEDWIG (-after 1143). Nun at Kloster Johannisberg. "…Hadewigis…soror nostra…" donated property to Kloster Johannisberg "per manum fratris sui Embrichonis" by charter dated 1143[702].

1. WOLFRAM von Winkler (-after 1126). Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the donation by "religiosa…domina Ludgardis" to Kloster Bleidenstatt, for the souls of "Ludwici comitis et Sophie parentum suorum, Mechtildis de Stecklinberg amite sue, Embrichonis comitis, domini Ludwici abbatis fratrum suorum et Hiltrudis sororis sue", with the consent of "Embrichonis comitis Ringowie et Wulfrici de Winkla nepotum suorum", by charter dated 1126[703]. As explained above under Graf Embricho [II], the wording of this document suggests that "Embrichonis comitis Ringowie et Wulfrici de Winkla nepotum suorum" were related to the donor, maybe her nephews. If this is correct, it is not certain whether the two named individuals were brothers or born from different parents. The absence of a reference in the charter to their being brothers cannot be considered conclusive in considering the question, although the difference in their territorial epithets suggests that they may have had different fathers.

The precise relationship, if any, between the following two brothers and sister and the previous family has not yet been ascertained.

1. EMBRICHO [I] (-before 1126). Graf [im Rheingau]. Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the donation by "religiosa…domina Ludgardis" to Kloster Bleidenstatt, for the souls of "Ludwici comitis et Sophie parentum suorum, Mechtildis de Stecklinberg amite sue, Embrichonis comitis, domini Ludwici abbatis fratrum suorum et Hiltrudis sororis sue", with the consent of "Embrichonis comitis Ringowie et Wulfrici de Winkla nepotum suorum", by charter dated 1126, witnessed by "Emicho comes de Kireberc, Bertolfus comes de Nuringin, Embricho comes de Rinegowe, Wulframus de Lapide, Wulframus et Embricho filii sui…"[704].

2. LUDWIG . His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1126 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the donation by "religiosa…domina Ludgardis" to Kloster Bleidenstatt, for the souls of "Ludwici comitis et Sophie parentum suorum, Mechtildis de Stecklinberg amite sue, Embrichonis comitis, domini Ludwici abbatis fratrum suorum et Hiltrudis sororis sue", with the consent of "Embrichonis comitis Ringowie et Wulfrici de Winkla nepotum suorum"[705].

3. HILTRUDIS . Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1126 under which Adalbert Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the donation by "religiosa…domina Ludgardis" to Kloster Bleidenstatt, for the souls of "Ludwici comitis et Sophie parentum suorum, Mechtildis de Stecklinberg amite sue, Embrichonis comitis, domini Ludwici abbatis fratrum suorum et Hiltrudis sororis sue", with the consent of "Embrichonis comitis Ringowie et Wulfrici de Winkla nepotum suorum"[706].

Two brothers, parents not yet identified:

1. EMBRICHO [III] (-after 1173). Rheingraf. Christian Archbishop of Mainz settled a dispute between "Embrichonem ringravium…et fratre suo" and Kloster Johannisberg by charter dated 1170[707]. "…Embricho ringravius et frater suus…" subscribed a charter dated end 1173 under which Christian Archbishop of Mainz confirmed a donation to Kloster Tiefenthal[708].

2. --- . Christian Archbishop of Mainz settled a dispute between "Embrichonem ringravium…et fratre suo" and Kloster Johannisberg by charter dated 1170[709]. "…Embricho ringravius et frater suus…" subscribed a charter dated end 1173 under which Christian Archbishop of Mainz confirmed a donation to Kloster Tiefenthal[710].

1. WOLFRAM (-after 27 Mar 1217). Rheingraf. "…Walframus Ringravius…Wernherus Ringravius…" witnessed the charter dated 1194 under which Konrad Archbishop of Mainz renewed the donation of "ecclesiam in Mengesrod" made to Kloster Ravengirsburg by "comitissa Friderun…et mariti sui Stephani"[711]. "Wolframus Ringravius" founded a mass in Hirzenach church, for the soul of "Alberonis quondam abbatis in Ebirbach avunculi mei", by charter dated [11 Nov] 1208, witnessed by "Philippi de Bolanden sororii mei…"[712]. "W. et Sifridus Ringrauii et fratres" granted customs privileges to Kloster Oberwesel by undated charter[713]. A charter dated 13 Jan 1211 records the settlement of a dispute between "Wernherum ringravium" and "Wolframum ringravium" about tolls at Geisenheim[714]. "Wulframus Ringravius" pledged "ville nostre Rimilsheim…cum castro Leiga" to "domino Gerardo comiti Irsuto", with the consent of "filii mei Embrichonis", by charter dated 27 Mar 1217, witnessed by "Ruperti comitis Irsuti et Wernheri de Bolanden…"[715]. m GUDA von Bolanden, daughter of WERNER [III] von Bolanden & his wife --- von Isenburg. "W. Ringrauius" confirmed the donation of "de Bopardia…Schindehengist" made to Kloster Weiler by "uxor mea Guda et coheredes eius dominus Wernherus de Bonlanden et frater suus puer de Valkenstein" by charter dated 1206[716]. Wolfram & his wife had one child:

a) EMBRICHO . "Wulframus Ringravius" pledged "ville nostre Rimilsheim…cum castro Leiga" to "domino Gerardo comiti Irsuto", with the consent of "filii mei Embrichonis", by charter dated 27 Mar 1217[717].

2. SIEGFRIED . "W. et Sifridus Ringrauii et fratres" granted customs privileges to Kloster Oberwesel by undated charter[718]. Rheingraf.

1. WERNER (-after 1194). Rheingraf. "…Walframus Ringravius…Wernherus Ringravius…" witnessed the charter dated 1194 under which Konrad Archbishop of Mainz renewed the donation of "ecclesiam in Mengesrod" made to Kloster Ravengirsburg by "comitissa Friderun…et mariti sui Stephani"[719].

2. WERNER (-after 1 May 1207). "Wernherus Ringravius iunior…signo crucis designatus" donated property to Kloster Rupertsberg for the entry there of "sorori mee Adelheidi" as a nun by charter dated 1 May 1207[720].

3. ADELHEID . "Wernherus Ringravius iunior…signo crucis designatus" donated property to Kloster Rupertsberg for the entry there of "sorori mee Adelheidi" as a nun by charter dated 1 May 1207[721]. Nun at Kloster Rupertsberg.

4. --- . m GERTRUD, daughter of --- (-before 10 May 1213). Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 10 May 1213 under which [her son] "Wernherus Ringravius" and "Heinrico comite de Wilnowe consanguineo nostro…et fratrem suum Gerhardum" reached agreement on "castri Derne" and other property inherited from "matri nostre Gertrudi"[722]. Her family origin is not known, but the charter dated 24 Jun 1225, under which "Godeboldus dominus de Wierbach" sold property "in Dreyse prope Crucenache" to [her son] "domino Embrichonis Ringravio nepoti meo"[723], suggests that she may have been related to the vendor. [Three] children:

a) EMBRICHO [IV] (-after 23 Apr 1235). Rheingraf. "Embricho et Wernherus fratres ringravii" exempted Kloster Johannisberg from tolls at Geisenheim by charter dated 24 Jun 1223[724]. Siegfried Archbishop of Mainz and "Embrichonem et Wernherum fratres comitis Reni consanguineos nostros" settled a dispute by charter dated 27 Nov 1223[725]. "Godeboldus dominus de Wierbach" sold property "in Dreyse prope Crucenache" to "domino Embrichonis Ringravio nepoti meo" by charter dated 24 Jun 1225, witnessed by "Willehelmi domini de Hencinberg sororii mei"[726]. "Embricho comes Reni dictus de Lapide" confirmed the donation to Kloster St Martin at Bingen made by "Henricus de Sarmesheim miles noster et uxor sua Luccardis" by charter dated 1234[727]. "Johannes dominus de Dailberch" offered "castro meo Dailberch" to "dno Embrichoni Ringravio consanguineo" by charter dated 23 Apr 1235, witnessed by "dominorum Cunradi comitis Silvestris et Eberhardi de Lapide"[728]. "Emercho comes Reni et Philippus de Hohenvels" agreed an alliance with Sifried Archbishop of Mainz against "Cunradum comitem Sylvestrem" by charter dated 3 Apr 1236[729].

b) WERNER (-after 27 Nov 1223). Rheingraf. A charter dated 13 Jan 1211 records the settlement of a dispute between "Wernherum ringravium" and "Wolframum ringravium" about tolls at Geisenheim[730]. "Wernherus Ringravius" and "Heinrico comite de Wilnowe consanguineo nostro…et fratrem suum Gerhardum" reached agreement on "castri Derne" and other property inherited from "matri nostre Gertrudi", appointing "Cunradum de Bopandia sororium nostrum…" among the guarantors, by charter dated 10 May 1213[731]. "Embricho et Wernherus fratres ringravii" exempted Kloster Johannisberg from tolls at Geisenheim by charter dated 24 Jun 1223[732]. Siegfried Archbishop of Mainz and "Embrichonem et Wernherum fratres comitis Reni consanguineos nostros" settled a dispute by charter dated 27 Nov 1223[733].

c) [daughter . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 10 May 1213 under which "Wernherus Ringravius" and "Heinrico comite de Wilnowe consanguineo nostro…et fratrem suum Gerhardum" reached agreement on "castri Derne" and other property inherited from "matri nostre Gertrudi", appointing "Cunradum de Bopandia sororium nostrum…" among the guarantors[734]. ["Domina Luchardis uxor domini Cunradi sculteti domini regis in Bobardia post defunctionem mariti sui" became a nun and donated property to Kloster Marienberg by undated charter[735]. It is not clear that this document refers to the same couple as are indicated by the charter dated 10 May 1213 quoted above.] m KONRAD von Boppard, son of --- & his wife Gertrud --- (-after 22 Jul 1215). Theoderich Archbishop of Trier confirmed that "Cunoni de Bopardia et Hermanno fratri eius, filiis matrone Gertrudis" had sold property "aput S. Castorem in Confluentia" to Himmerode abbey by charter dated 22 Jul 1215[736].]

Two brothers:

1. WERNER (-after 23 Jun 1266). Rheingraf. "Sifridus Ringravius junior" donated "mediam partem Thelonei" held by him with "frater meus Wernerus Ringravius senior in Gisenheim Mogunt. Diocesis", with the consent of "Agneti uxori mee…propter nuptias", by charter dated Sep 1260[737]. "Wernerus Ringravius" promised "Sifrido de Runckele consanguineo meo" the recovery of "castri Runkele" from "Gerhardum comitem de Dietze" by charter dated 28 Mar 1254[738]. "Wernherus et Sifridus fratres Ringravii…cum Philippo de Bolandia nostro consanguineo" sold property at Rheindürkheim to "Heinrico genero Zeizolfi, civi Wormatiensi" by charter dated 23 Jun 1266[739]. m ---. The name of Werner´s wife is not known. Werner & his wife had one child:

a) SIEGFRIED (-1327). Rheingraf. "Sifridus Ringravius" confirmed the donation of "decime in Crucenach" to Kloster Sponheim made by "pater suus Wernherus" by charter dated 1290[740]. "Syfridum Ringravium vicedominum nostrum in Rinkogia…" was named among the executors of the testament of Peter Archbishop of Mainz dated 25 Aug 1319[741]. m MARGARETA von Heinzenberg, daughter of FRIEDRICH Herr von Heinzenberg & his wife ---. "Siffridus Rhingravius" names "Margaret eine von Heinzenberg" in a charter dated Oct[742]. Siegfried & his wife had one child:

i) JOHANN (-1333). Rheingraf. m (contract 9 Dec 1310) HEDWIG von Dhaun, daughter of KONRAD Wildgraf in Dhaun und Grumbach & his wife ---. "Siuerit der Ringreu von me Steine unde Margrete min eliche Frauwe" arranged the marriage of "Johannin unsin Son" and "Hedewige Johanis Suster des Wildegreuin" by charter dated 9 Dec 1310[743].

- RHEINGRAFEN von STEIN, WILDGRAFEN zu DHAUN, FÜRSTEN zu SALM[744].

2. SIEGFRIED (-after 23 Jun 1266). Rheingraf. "Sifridus Ringravius junior" donated "mediam partem Thelonei" held by him with "frater meus Wernerus Ringravius senior in Gisenheim Mogunt. Diocesis", with the consent of "Agneti uxori mee…propter nuptias", by charter dated Sep 1260[745]. "Wernherus et Sifridus fratres Ringravii…cum Philippo de Bolandia nostro consanguineo" sold property at Rheindürkheim to "Heinrico genero Zeizolfi, civi Wormatiensi" by charter dated 23 Jun 1266[746]. m ([Sep 1260]) AGNES, daughter of ---. "Sifridus Ringravius junior" donated "mediam partem Thelonei" held by him with "frater meus Wernerus Ringravius senior in Gisenheim Mogunt. Diocesis", with the consent of "Agneti uxori mee…propter nuptias", by charter dated Sep 1260[747].

Chapter 7. GRAFEN im WORMSGAU

A geographical description of the pagus Wormatiensis during Carolingian times is found in the Acta Academiæ Theodoro-Palatinæ, based principally on donations made to Lorsch during the 9th and 10th centuries[748].

A. Die ROTBERTINER

ROBERT [I], son of LAMBERT [II] comes in Neustria and Austrasia & his wife --- ([700/10]-before 764). The third continuator of the Gesta Abbatum Trudonensium names "Robertus comes vel dux Hasbanie" in 715, and quotes a charter dated 7 Apr 742 under which "Robertus comes, filius condam Lamberti" donated property "in villa…Sarcinio…in pago Hasbaniensi…[et] Halon, Scaffnis, Felepa et Marholt" to St Trudon[749]. Comes palatinus 741/42. Graf im Oberrheingau und Wormsgau [750].

m ([730]) WILLISWINDA, daughter of ADALHELM Grundherr im Wormsgau & his wife --- (-[12 Jul 764/776]). "Cancor…Rhenensis pagi comes cum matre sua…Williswinda vidua Ruperti comitis" founded Kloster Lorsch by charter dated 764[750]. "Williswinda…et filius meus Cancor" donated "villam…in pago Wormatiense…Hagenheim super fluvium Salusiam", inherited from "genitoris mei…Adelhelmi", to monastery "Lauresham in pago Rhenense super fluvium Wisgotz" by charter dated 12 Jul 764, signed by "…Heimerici filii Cancronis"[751]. "Heimericus" names "Williswinda avia ipsius Heimericus" in an undated charter relating to a donation to Kloster Lorsch[752]. "Karolus…rex Francorum", in an undated charter (placed in the compilation with charters dated 772) related to Kloster Lorsch, names "avia…Heimerici…Williswinda vel genitor suus Cancor, germano suo domino Ruodgango archiepiscopo"[753]. The primary source which confirms her parentage, and that her husband was named Robert, has not yet been identified.

Robert [I] & his wife had four children:

1. CANCOR (-771). Graf im Rheingau. "Cancor…Rhenensis pagi comes cum matre sua…Williswinda vidua Ruperti comitis" founded Kloster Lorsch by charter dated 764[754]. "Williswinda…et filius meus Cancor" donated "villam…in pago Wormatiense…Hagenheim super fluvium Salusiam", inherited from "genitoris mei…Adelhelmi", to monastery "Lauresham in pago Rhenense super fluvium Wisgotz" by charter dated 12 Jul 764, signed by "…Heimerici filii Cancronis"[755]. The Chronicon Laureshamense records the donation dated "764 IV Id Iul" in Hagenheim by "Williswinda…et filius meus Cancor comes"[756]. "Cancor et Angila conjux mea" donated property "in illa marcha de Bisistat…de dote Angilæ" [Birstatt] to Lorsch by charter dated 1 Jun 770, signed by "Thurincberti fratris ipsius Cancronis et Heimerici filii sui"[757]. The Annalium Laureshamensium record the death in 771 of "Cancor"[758]. m ANGILA, daughter of --- (-after 1 Jun 770). "Cancor et Angila conjux mea" donated property "in illa marcha de Bisistat…de dote Angilæ" [Birstatt] to Lorsch by charter dated 1 Jun 770, signed by "Thurincberti fratris ipsius Cancronis et Heimerici filii sui"[759]. The Chronicon Laureshamense records t