The county of Hainaut was located directly south of the county of Flanders and the ancient county of Brabant, coinciding approximately with the province of present-day Belgium of the same name and the neighbouring areas of the current French department of Nord. It derives its name from the pagus Hainoensis, named after the river Haine, a tributary of the river Escaut which marked the western border of the pagus. The county was bordered to the south by the county of Cambrai and to the east by the pagus Lommensis, which later developed into the county of Namur. Ecclesiastically, most of the county fell within the jurisdiction of the bishop of Cambrai, in the archbishopric of Reims, although the northern and eastern parts were probably controlled by the bishop of Liège, in the ecclesiastical province of Köln. Politically, Hainaut lay within imperial jurisdiction and formed part of the kingdom of Lotharingia after the 843 treaty of Verdun. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum…Hainoum…" to King Charles[1].

The county's geographic proximity to France ensured strong French political and linguistic influence in its development. However, as with the neighbouring county of Flanders, there were jurisdictional conflicts with the empire. This is presumably traceable to the Germanic origins of the first family of counts, the Reginars, who had initially been installed as counts along the banks of the middle reaches of the river Maas by Emperor Lothaire in the 840s (see Grafen von Maasgau, in the document LOWER LOTHARINGIAN NOBILITY). The existence of the series of counts named Reginar, between the early years of the 10th century and [1039], is corroborated by many primary sources, as shown below. Secondary works, for example Europäische Stammtafeln[2], distinguish five different counts of this name over the period. This is based on the assumption that the count Reginar who is referred to in the sources as "Raginerus dictus Longi-colli" was Count Reginar [I] (see Chapter 1). The Annales Hanoniæ, on the other hand, specify only four counts named Reginar in the introductory Chapter VIII (in a line, father to son) and in the more detailed later chapters only three, with remarkably few details about their lives. Information on the precise family relationships between the different counts Reginar is surprisingly sparse in the other primary sources so far consulted. As will be seen below, the evidently unreliable Annales provide the only references to key members of the family. The traditional Europäische Stammtafeln outline of the family has been retained for presentational purposes in the present document. However, it must be emphasised that a completely satisfactory verification of all the relationships has not been possible from the available sources.

Count Reginar [IV] and his descendants are more frequently described in contemporary records as counts of Mons than counts of Hainaut, reflecting the importance assumed by the castle as the family's main power base. The capture of Mons castle, recorded in 998 by the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines[3], represented a shift to the west of the sphere of activity of the Reginar family, but it created a rift between Count Reginar [IV] and his brother Count Lambert, who had established himself as count of Louvain (see BRABANT, LOUVAIN). Matters came to a head with the battle of Florennes in 1015 between Count Reginar [V], son of Count Reginar [IV], and his uncle Lambert in which the latter was killed. Little information has been found in contemporary sources on the subsequent activities of Count Reginar [V].

Conflict with France prompted the German kings to establish military marches, headed by a count, on the right bank of the river Schelde/Escaut from Valenciennes in the south to Antwerp in the north. The march of Valenciennes lay within the county of Hainaut, which resulted in dual appointment of counts within the same county. The counts in the march of Valenciennes are shown in Chapter 2 of this document.

Count Reginar [V] was succeeded as count of Mons by Count Herman, about whom little is known. The precise relationship between Count Herman and Count Reginar [V], fully discussed below, provides one of the most intriguing puzzles in the history of the Reginar family. Whatever the precise family background of Count Herman, his widow Richilde transmitted the county of Hainaut to her second husband the future Baudouin VI Count of Flanders as a result of their marriage in the early 1050s (see Chapter 3). There may, in the mid-11th century, have been some lingering juridical doubt about imperial jurisdiction over the county of Hainaut, because in 1071 Emperor Heinrich IV arranged a complex series of surrenders and re-grants, confirmed by agreement at Liège, with the aim of confirming the status of both the counties of Hainaut and Valenciennes as imperial fiefs[4]. This process also confirmed imperial protection for Hainaut and the succession of the minor Comte Baudouin III, which may otherwise have been threatened by his paternal uncle Robert I Count of Flanders who had already subjugated the county of Holland. The county of Hainaut survived as a separate entity from Flanders until the late 1190s. The two counties were eventually united as a result of the marriage in 1169 of the future Baudouin V Comte de Hainaut and the future Marguerite I Ctss of Flanders, Count Baudouin V succeeding in 1191 as Baudouin VIII Count of Flanders, by right of his wife.

After half a century of joint rule, Hainaut regained its separate existence as a result of the turbulent marital life of Marguerite II Ctss of Flanders, the county of Hainaut passing to her children by her first husband Bouchard d'Avesnes (see Chapter 4), while Flanders was inherited by her children by her second husband Guillaume de Dampierre. Jean II Comte de Hainaut inherited the county of Holland in 1299 from his mother's family, and his descendants in the male line ruled both counties until 1345 when they passed to Marguerite, sister of the last count Guillaume IV and second wife of Ludwig IV Duke of Bavaria, who was later installed as king of Germany and crowned emperor. The two counties were ruled by counts from the Bavarian Wittelsbach family until 1433 (see Chapter 5). However, from the early 15th century, the Valois-Capet dukes of Burgundy acquired control over many of the counties and duchies in the Low Countries as a result of prudent dynastic marriages. In 1428, Philippe III "le Bon" Duke of Burgundy installed himself as regent of Holland and Hainaut for the last Wittelsbach ruler, comtesse Jacqueline, and in 1433 procured her deposition and his installation as count in her place. The two counties were thereby incorporated into the Burgundian territories in the Low Countries which, by another twist of dynastic fate, passed to the Habsburg family as a result of the marriage in 1477 of Marie, daughter and heiress of the last Valois duke of Burgundy, to Archduke Maximilian.

The families of some noble seigneurs in the county of Hainaut are set out in chapters 7 to 17 of the present document. The heraldry and genealogy of the pairies and baronnies of the county of Hainaut are discussed fully in the website of Le Cercle Heraldus de Mons a.s.b.l[5].

Chapter 1. COMTES de HAINAUT [998]-[1051] (REGINAR family)

REGINAR [I] -898, [908]-915, REGINAR [II] 916-[932], REGINAR [III] [932]-958

REGINAR [I] "Langhals/Longneck", son of [GISELBERT Graaf van Maasgau & his wife --- of Lotharingia] ([850]-Meerssen [25 Aug 915/19 Jan 916]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. The Annales Hanoniæ name "Manicherius filius [Albonis]" (in a later passage clarified to be "Manicerius Registensis dominus") as "pater aut avunculus primi Ragineri" and "Raginerus dictus Longi-colli filius eius"[6], which, as explained in the Introduction, must be incorrect. The Annales Hanoniæ name "Rignerius Montensis comes" as the ally of "Francone episcopo Leodiensi" against the Vikings in 870, and in a later undated passage record "Raginerus" fighting "cum Frissonibus in Walacria contra Rollonem"[7], although it is unclear from the context whether these references are to "Raginerus dictus Longi-colli". Guillaume de Jumièges describes how "Rainier au long cou duc de Hasbaigne et du Hainaut et Radbold prince de Frise" fought the Viking Rollo but were forced back to their castles[8]. The date when Reginar was installed as Comte de Hainaut is uncertain but was probably during the last quarter of the 9th century. An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, names "Arnulfus comes, Gislebertus, Letardus, Matfridus, Widricus, Gotbertus, Adalbertus, Ingelgerus, Rainerus" as those willing to support the emperor's son if he travelled across the Meuse[9], although it is curious that "Giselbertus…Rainerus" should both be included if one was the father of the other. "Ragenarius comes…et coniuge mea Hersenda" confirmed the donation of revenue from "Sathanacense atque Mousense" to Saint-Dagobert de Stenay made by "Carolus…Augustus Imperiali" by charter dated to after 886[10]. The Annales Vedastini name "Balduinus…comes et Rodulfus frater eius necnon et Ragnerus" when recording that they joined Zwentibold of Lotharingia in 895[11]. The Breve Chronicon Epternacense names “Reinerus” as abbot of Echternach from 897 to 915[12]. Lay-abbot of St Servatius at Maastricht before May 898. Regino records that in 898 Zwentibold King of Lotharingia banished "Reginarium ducem…sibi fidissimum et unicum consiliarium" who went with "Odacro comite et quibusdam aliis, cum mulieribus et parvulis" to "Durfos" (near "Mosa fluvius") where they were besieged[13]. The passage appears to be the only indication that Reginar was granted the title duke. Reginar was presumably rehabilitated after King Zweintibold was murdered, as shown by the following charter: Ludwig IV "das Kind" King of Germany confirmed an exchange of property between Kloster Stablo and "Reginarius comes" by charter dated 10 Sep 902[14]. Lay-abbot of Stablo and Malmédy 900-902. King Ludwig IV also confirmed an exchange of property involving "Reganarius comes" by charter dated 20 Oct 906[15], and a donation of property "…in pago ac in comitatu Hainuense" to the church of Tongern at the request of "Kepehardus et Reginharius comites" by charter dated 18 Jan 908[16]. "Raginarius comes" and the abbot of Stavelot granted property "in pago Hasbanio in locis Honavi, Versines et Serangio" to "quidam fidelium nostrorum Harduinus" by charter dated 911, signed by "Ragenarii comitis, Issaac comitis, Macineri comitis…"[17]. Reginar was installed as marchio by Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks in 915. Richer records the death of "Ragenerus vir consularis et nobilis cognomento Collo-Longus" at "apud Marsnam palatium"[18].

m [firstly] HERSENDA, daughter of ---. "Ragenarius comes…et coniuge mea Hersenda" confirmed the donation of revenue from "Sathanacense atque Mousense" to Saint-Dagobert de Stenay made by "Carolus…Augustus Imperiali" by charter dated to after 886[19].

m [secondly] ALBERADA, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 10 Feb 968 under which her daughter-in-law "Gerberga…Francorum regina" donated "alodo…Marsnam in comitatu Masaugo" to Reims Saint-Rémy, confirmed by "comitibus Emmone et Ansfrido", for the souls of "senioris nostri piæ memoriæ Gisleberti suique…patris…et matris Rageneri et Albradæ"[20]. The estimated birth date of her son Giselbert suggests that Alberada may have been her husband´s second wife, assuming that the charter which names his other wife Hersenda can be dated to soon after 886 (see above). Another possibility is that both documents refer to the same person, one or other having incorrectly represented her name. Rösch suggests that Alberada may have been heiress of Hainaut[21]. Guillaume de Jumièges describes how the wife of "Rainier au long cou" returned captured prisoners to Rollo and paid him gold, silver and all the taxes of the duchy, but does not name her[22].

Count Reginar [I] & his [second] wife had three children:

1. GISELBERT [II] ([885/900]-drowned in the Rhine, near Andernach 2 Oct 939). Richer records that "Gisleberto eius filio" succeeded on the death of "Ragenerus vir consularis et nobilis cognomento Collo-Longus"[23]. Created dux in 928 by Heinrich I King of Germany, effectively creating him GISELBERT Duke of Lotharingia.

- GRAAFEN van MAASGAU.

2. REGINAR [II] ([885/900]-932 or after). The Annales Hanoniæ name "Raginerus" as son of "Raginerus dictus Longi-colli"[24]. The Miraculæ S. Maximi record that [25]. The primary source which confirms that Reginar [II] was Comte de Hainaut has not yet been identified, but this is probably correct.

- see below.

3. other children: see GRAAFEN van MAASGAU.

REGINAR [II], son of REGINAR [I] "Langhals/Longneck" Graf im Maasgau & his wife Alberade --- ([885/900]-932 or after). The Annales Hanoniæ name "Raginerus" as son of "Raginerus dictus Longi-colli"[26]. Flodoard names "Ragenarii, fratris ipsius Gisleberti"[27]. Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks restored Kloster Süsteren to the abbey of Prüm by charter dated 19 Jan 916 which names "fidelium nostrorum…Widricus comes palatii, Richuuinus comes, Gislebertus, Matfridus, Beringerius comites, Theodericus comes, Reinherus comes, Erleboldus"[28]. A document dated 7 Nov 921 recording a meeting between King Charles III "le Simple" and Heinrich I King of Germany names "Matfredus, Erkengerus, Hagano, Boso, Waltkerus, Isaac, Ragenberus, Theodricus, Adalardus, Adelelmus" as representatives of the former[29]. It is not certain that "Ragenberus" refers to Reginar [II] Comte de Hainaut. Flodoard's Annals record that "Berengarius" captured "Giselbertum" and only freed him after receiving "filiis Ragenarii fratris ipsius Gisleberti" as hostages, after which Giselbert ravaged the lands of "Berengarii, Ragenariique fratris sui et Isaac comitis"[30]. The primary source which confirms that Reginar [II] was Comte de Hainaut has not yet been identified. "Otto…imperator augustus" confirmed the donations to the convent of Nivelles by "Regenarius comes" of property "in pago Ardenna super fluvia Aisna in comitatu Waudricia in villa Villaro" and by "predicti Regenarii filius nomine Liechardus in pago Hasbanensi in villa Gingolonham", by "Rodolphus comes villa Lentlo", by "Hillinus…in villa…Gislebrertruoz…pro anima Gisloberti genitoris sui", and by "Robertus uxorque eius…Geua cum filio suo Regennario…in pago Hainau in villa…Hayna" by charter dated 24 Jan 966[31]. This document presumably refers to Comte Reginar [II], as his son Reginar [III] was living in exile at the date of the charter.

m ---. No reference has been found to the name or origin of the wife of Comte Reginar [II]. However, the introduction of the name Lietard into the Hainaut family after this marriage suggests that she may have been related to the family of the comtes de Huy (see LOWER LOTHARINGIAN NOBILITY). If this is correct, she was --- [de Huy], daughter of ---. This would also explain why her grandson became comte de Louvain, which formed part of the territories relinquished by Ansfrid [II] Comte de Huy when he was appointed bishop of Utrecht in 995. Dhondt suggests that the wife of Reginar [III] was the sister of Comte Ansfrid [II], whose father was named Lambert, the name given by Reginar [III] to his younger son. In addition to the onomastic arguments, Dhondt comments that the voogdij of Gembloux abbey passed from Ansfrid [II] to Lambert [I] de Hainaut[32]. This provides an additional argument for a family relationship between the comtes de Huy and the comtes de Hainaut. However, Dhondt´s suggestion does not explain the introduction of the name Lietard into the Hainaut family. On balance, it appears more likely that such a family connection was through the wife of Reginar [II] rather than the wife of Reginar [III]. If this is correct, it is possible that the wife of Reginar [II] was the paternal aunt of Ansfrid [II]. Comte Reginar [II] & his wife had four children:

1. REGINAR [III] ([920]-973). The Annales Hanoniæ name "Raginerus" as son of "Raginerus [filius Ragineri dicti Longi-colli]"[33]. "Otto…rex" confirmed the possession of Kloster Süsteren by Prüm abbey by charter dated 1 Jun 949, signed by "Cuonradus dux, Herimannus dux, Hezzo comes, Godefridus comes, Rudolfus comes, Reginherus comes"[34]. He succeeded his father as Comte de Hainaut, although the date he took control of the county is not known. "Ragineri comitis…" signed the charter dated to [936/57] under which "Adhelardus et conjux mea Fulcuera" donated a serf to the abbey of Saint-Ghislain[35]. In 956, Reginar seized Brussels and the surrounding areas which had been the dower of Gerberge Queen of France on her first marriage to his uncle Giselbert Duke of Lotharingia. King Lothaire, together with Bruno Archbishop of Köln, invaded Count Reginar's territory, captured his fort on the Chier and took his family prisoner, releasing them only after Reginar returned the land which he had taken[36]. The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that Reginar was banished to Bohemia in [958] by Archbishop Bruno[37], but was later reinstated in Hainaut by Otto II King of Germany[38]. m ADELA, daughter of --- (-961). The Annales Hanoniæ record the death in 961 of "Adela comitissa Montensis…uxor Ragineri comitis"[39], although as this passage follows closely on those dealing with the exploits of "Raginerus Longi-colli" it is unclear to which Count Reginar the Annales are referring at this point. She is named in secondary sources as Adela von Dachsburg, daughter of Hugo [V] Graf von Dachsburg und Egisheim [Alsace] & his wife Hildegard ---, but the primary source which confirms that this is correct has not yet been identified. Comte Reginar [III] & his wife had two children:

a) REGINAR [IV] (after 947-1013). The Annales Hanoniæ name "Raginerus" as son of "secundi Ragineri"[40]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that "comes Raginerus" captured "Montem castri" from "comiti Godefrido" in 998[41]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1013 of "in Haynico…comite Raginero Montense"[42].

- see below.

b) LAMBERT [I] de Hainaut ([950]-killed in battle Florennes 12 Sep 1015). The Annales Hanoniæ name "Lambertus…comes Lovaniensis" as son of "Rignerii comitis Montensis"[43]. " He established himself as LAMBERT [I] "le Barbu" Comte de Louvain.

- COMTES de LOUVAIN.

2. RUDOLF (-after 24 Jan 966). His parentage is confirmed by Flodoard who records, in 944, that "Hugo dux" requested "Herimann[us]…qui missus erat…" to besiege "castella Ragnarii ac Rodulfi fratrum, Ludowici regis fidelium"[44], on the assumption that "Ragnarii" refers to Count Reginar [III] (see above). "Otto…rex" confirmed the possession of Kloster Süsteren by Prüm abbey by charter dated 1 Jun 949, signed by "Cuonradus dux, Herimannus dux, Hezzo comes, Godefridus comes, Rudolfus comes, Reginherus comes"[45], the order of subscribers' names suggesting that Rudolf may have been considered senior to Reginar although it is not certain that this inevitably means that he was older. Graf von Maasgau: "Otto…rex" granted property "Cassallo…in pago Masalant in comitatu Ruodolfi" to "vassallo nostro Ansfrid" at the request of "nostri fidelis Conradis ducis" by charter dated 7 Oct 950[46]. Comte de Hesbaie: "Otto…rex" granted Kloster Alden-Eyck "in pago Huste in comitatu Ruodulphi" to the bishopric of Liège by charter dated 4 Jul 952[47]. "Otto…imperator augustus" confirmed the donations to the convent of Nivelles by "Regenarius comes" of property "in pago Ardenna super fluvia Aisna in comitatu Waudricia in villa Villaro" and by "predicti Regenarii filius nomine Liechardus in pago Hasbanensi in villa Gingolonham" and by "Rodolphus comes villa Lentlo" by charter dated 24 Jan 966[48]. The charter dated 17 Jan 966, under which "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "curtem Galmina…que quondam Rudolfi erat…n pago Haspengewe in comitatu Werenherii qua postmodum fideli nostro comiti Immoni condonavimus" to the Marienkapelle, Aachen[49], describes that Rudolf's property was confiscated, presumably at the same time as his brother Reginar [III] was banished.

3. LIETARD (-[before 944]). "Otto…imperator augustus" confirmed the donations to the convent of Nivelles by "Regenarius comes" of property "in pago Ardenna super fluvia Aisna in comitatu Waudricia in villa Villaro" and by "predicti Regenarii filius nomine Liechardus in pago Hasbanensi in villa Gingolonham", by "Rodolphus comes villa Lentlo", by "Hillinus…in villa…Gislebrertruoz…pro anima Gisloberti genitoris sui", and by "Robertus uxorque eius…Geua cum filio suo Regennario…in pago Hainau in villa…Hayna" by charter dated 24 Jan 966[50].

4. daughter. Her origin is deduced from the Gesta Abbatum Gemblacensium which refers to "Raginero comiti…Longicollus" as "primi Baldrici Leodicensium episcopi avunculus"[51], although it appears chronologically more likely that "Raginero" was Reginar [III] rather than his paternal grandfather Reginar [I], an interpretation which appears confirmed by the same source which records the death in battle at Florennes of "Lantbertum comitem filium Ragineri Longicolli"[52]. This assumes that "primi Baldrici" was the bishop whose installation in 955 is recorded in the following paragraph of the Gesta[53], which also appears correct from the context. 943/58. m NIBELUNG Graaf van Betuwe, son of RICFRIED "Dodo" Graaf van Betuwe & his wife Herensinda --- (-before 953).

SIEGHARD [898]-[908]

1. SIEGHARD (-after 18 Jan 908). Comte de Liège. Ludwig IV "das Kind" King of Germany confirmed the property of Stift Kievermunt, including "in pago Leuchia in comitatu Sigarhardi in villa…Uuandria", at the request of "Gebehardus comes", by charter dated 9 Oct 902[54]. Ludwig IV "das Kind" King of Germany confirmed the church of Liège's holding of the abbey of Lobbes "in pago ac in comitatu Hainuense" in the presence of "comes…Sigohardus", by charter dated 18 Jan 908[55]. The date when Sigard was installed as Comte de Hainaut is uncertain but it probably occurred after 898 when Regino records that Comte Reginar [I] was deprived of his lands by Zwentibold King of Lotharingia[56]. It is assumed that Sieghard retained at least part of the county after Reginar was rehabilitated by King Ludwig IV, but the primary source which confirms that this is correct has not yet been identified. A charter dated 915 records a donation "ad Tectis villam in pago Luviensi atque in comitatu Sichardi" to Liège Saint-Lambert[57].

GODEFROI 958-964, RICHER 964-973, WERNER 973, RENAUD 973, GODEFROI 973-995

1. GOTTFRIED (-after 958). He was installed as Comte de Hainaut in 958 after Comte Reginar [III] was banished[58]. "Otto…rex" granted property confiscated from "Ymmo in villa Castra et in pago Darnegouue ac in comitatu Rotberti comitis", at the request of "Godefridi comitis", to "fideli nostro Tietboldo" by charter dated 11 Jun 958[59]. "Otto…rex" granted property "villa Vuambia sitam in pago Heinia in comitatu Godefridi" held by "Engibrandus" by charter dated 13 Jun 958[60]. same person as…? GOTTFRIED (-Italy 964). It is not certain that Gottfried Comte de Hainaut was the same person as Gottfried Duke of Lower Lotharingia. However, after the death of the latter, "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "in loco Uillare…terram olim Godefridus bone memorie dux noster" to the convent of Saint-Ghislain (in Hainaut) at the request of "Richarius comes" by charter dated 2 Jun 965[61], "Richarius comes" being identified as Gottfried's successor in Hainaut. He was appointed [associate] Duke of [Lower] Lotharingia. Bruno archbishop of Köln confirmed an exchange of property "Baldau, quam Sigifredus comes…acquireret" for "in villa Nohas…in pago Heislensi in comitatu Tulpiaco" between the abbot of Stavelot and "comite Warnero fideli nostro" by charter dated 953 "regnante rege Ottone fratre nostro, anno xviii, Godefrido duce"[62]. Vanderkindere suggests that this charter should be redated to 959, to support the hypothesis that the two appointments of Gottfried and Friedrich, as associate dukes in Lower and Upper Lotharingia respectively, occurred simultaneously[63]. "Godefridi ducis" subscribed a charter dated 964 issued by the abbot of Prüm[64]. The Continuator of Regino names "Godefridus dux Lothariensis" among those who died of plague in Italy in 964[65]. Ruotger's Vita Brunonis records that Duke Bruno sent "auxiliares" to Lotharingia, of whom "Godefridus dux", adding that Bruno had raised Gottfried himself, and that he was so convinced of Gottfried's worthiness that he considered it unnecessary to offer donations for his soul[66]. m as her first husband, ALPAIDE, daughter of ---. Her two marriages are confirmed by reading the Historia Walciodorensis Monasterii, which records that the (unnamed) wife of [Eilbert] had "binos…adolescentulos…Godefrido et fratri…Arnulfo" from her previous marriage to whom their stepfather bequeathed "pagum Florinensem"[67], read together with the Miraculis Sancti Gengulfi which names "Arnulfus, Alpaidis et Godefridi Hainoensis pagi comitis filius" specifying that he was Seigneur de Florennes[68]. She married secondly (after 964) Eilbert Seigneur de Florennes. Godefroi & his wife had two children:

a) GODEFROI (-before 981). The Historia Walciodorensis Monasterii records that the (unnamed) wife of [Eilbert] had "binos…adolescentulos…Godefrido et fratri…Arnulfo" from her previous marriage to whom their stepfather bequeathed "pagum Florinensem"[69].

b) ARNAUD (-22 Oct [1002/10]). The Historia Walciodorensis Monasterii records that the (unnamed) wife of [Eilbert] had "binos…adolescentulos…Godefrido et fratri…Arnulfo" from her previous marriage to whom their stepfather bequeathed "pagum Florinensem"[70]. The Miraculis Sancti Gengulfi names "Arnulfus, Alpaidis et Godefridi Hainoensis pagi comitis filius" specifying that he was lord of Florennes[71].

- SEIGNEUR de FLORENNES.

1. RICHER (-[12 Feb/15 Mar] 973). The Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium records that "Raineri", who had been banished by "archiepiscopus Bruno", was succeeded by "primum Richario nobili viro, sed hoc defuncto Warnero et Raynaldo, quibus etiam defunctis, Godefrido atque Arnulfo comitibus"[72]. Comte de Hainaut [964]. "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "in loco Uillare…terram olim Godefridus bone memorie dux noster" to the convent of Saint-Ghislain (in Hainaut) at the request of "Richarius comes" by charter dated 2 Jun 965[73]. Comte de Liège. "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Haspengewe in comitatu Werenherii qua postmodum fideli nostro comiti Immoni condonavimus" to the Marienkapelle, Aachen in exchange for property "in pago Liuhgouui in comitatu Richarii…in pago Auvlgowi in comitatu Eberhardi, Limberge…" by charter dated 17 Jan 966[74]. Emperor Otto I donated property to the monastery at Crespin, at the request of "Richizonis atque Amelrici comitum", by charter dated 12 Feb 973[75]. "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "quod eatenus Richarius comes in beneficium…habuisse" to Kloster Echternach by charter dated 15 Mar 973[76].

Two brothers:

1. WERNER [Garnier] (-killed in battle 973). Graf von Zülpich: Bruno archbishop of Köln confirmed an exchange of property "Baldau, quam Sigifredus comes…acquireret" for "in villa Nohas…in pago Heislensi in comitatu Tulpiaco" between the abbot of Stavelot and "comite Warnero fideli nostro" by charter dated 953 "regnante rege Ottone fratre nostro, anno xviii, Godefrido duce"[77]. Comte de Hesbaye: "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Haspengewe in comitatu Werenherii qua postmodum fideli nostro comiti Immoni condonavimus" to the Marienkapelle, Aachen in exchange for property "in pago Liuhgouui in comitatu Richarii…in pago Auvlgowi in comitatu Eberhardi, Limberge…" by charter dated 17 Jan 966[78]. "Warneri comitis…" witnessed the charter dated 968 under which Gérard Bishop of Toul donated various churches to the abbey of Bouxières[79]. Comte de Hainaut 973. The Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium records that "Raineri", who had been banished by "archiepiscopus Bruno", was succeeded by "primum Richario nobili viro, sed hoc defuncto Warnero et Raynaldo, quibus etiam defunctis, Godefrido atque Arnulfo comitibus"[80]. Sigebert's Chronica records that "Raginerus et Lantbertus" (sons of Reginar [III] Comte de Hainaut) returned from exile in 973 and killed "Guarnero et Rainaldo", who occupied their father's county, "apud Perronam" and besieged "super Hagnam fluvium castello Buxude"[81]. Thietmar records that "Lantbertus, Reinherii filius…cum fratre…Reingerio" killed "Wirinharium et eius germanum Reinzonem"[82].

2. RENAUD (-killed in battle Peronne 973). The Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium records that "Raineri", who had been banished by "archiepiscopus Bruno", was succeeded by "primum Richario nobili viro, sed hoc defuncto Warnero et Raynaldo, quibus etiam defunctis, Godefrido atque Arnulfo comitibus"[83]. Sigebert's Chronica records that "Raginerus et Lantbertus" (sons of Reginar [III] Comte de Hainaut) returned from exile in 973 and killed "Guarnero et Rainaldo", who occupied their father's county, "apud Perronam" and besieged "super Hagnam fluvium castello Buxude"[84]. Thietmar records that "Lantbertus, Reinherii filius…cum fratre…Reingerio" killed "Wirinharium et eius germanum Reinzonem"[85].

1. GODEFROI, son of Comte GOZELON & his wife Uda [Matfriede] (-3 Sep [995/98], bur Gent St Peter). "Uda…comitissa" donated property "in pago Rizzigowi cui Egylolfus comes" to St Maximin at Trier "pro remedio…seniorique mei Gozlini necnon filiorum meorum Henrici…et Reginheri, Godefridi quoque et Adalberonis" by charter dated 18 May 963 witnessed by "Sigefrido comite, Richwino comite"[86]. Comte de Verdun 963-985. Comte de Hainaut 973. The Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium records that "Raineri", who had been banished by "archiepiscopus Bruno", was succeeded by "primum Richario nobili viro, sed hoc defuncto Warnero et Raynaldo, quibus etiam defunctis, Godefrido atque Arnulfo comitibus"[87]. The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that "comites Godefridus…[et] Arnulfus" defended Cambrai against Lothaire King of the West Franks, during the absence of Emperor Otto II in Poland, dated to 979, and against Eudes de Vermandois who had constructed Vinchy castle near the city[88]. The Epistolæ Bambergenses name "Gottefredus et Arnulfus marchiones" among those who sent contingents for the Italian expedition of 980[89], which likely refer to Godefroi Comte de Verdun et de Hainaut (who was marquis d'Eenham) and Arnoul de Cambrai (marquis de Valenciennes). Richer records that "Belgicæ dux Theodericus, necnon et vir nobilis ac strenuous Godefridus, Sigefridus quoque vir illustris, Bardo etiam et Gozilo fratres clarissimi et nominatissimi" captured Verdun in 985[90]. He helped defend Verdun against Lothaire King of the West Franks in [984/85], but was captured together with Siegfried Comte de Luxembourg[91]. He remained imprisoned for more than 10 years. Otto III King of Germany confirmed rights of Blandin abbey in property "in pago Haginao villam Dulciacum [et]…in pago Bracbanto villam Wandeleni…quam Eilbodo…tradidit…", at the request of "Godefridi et Arnulfi comitem", by charter dated 20 May 988[92]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that "comes Raginerus" captured "Montem castri" from "comiti Godefrido" in 998[93] which, if the text refers to this Godefroi, suggests a later date of death (assuming the dating of Alberic is accurate). The necrology of Verdun Saint-Vanne records the death "III Non Sep" of "Godefridus comes pater ducis Gozelonis qui nobis Borrarum dedit"[94].

REGINAR IV [998]-1013, REGINAR V 1013-1039, HERMAN 1039-1049

REGINAR [IV], son of REGINAR [III] Comte de Hainaut & his wife Adela [von Dachsburg] (after 947-1013). The Annales Hanoniæ name "Raginerus" as son of "secundi Ragineri"[95]. The Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium records that "Rainerus atque Lantbertus, filii…Raineri", who had been banished by "archiepiscopus Bruno", returned to their father's lands after the death of Emperor Otto I and besieged "super Hagnam fluvium castrum Bussud", but that Emperor Otto II ordered their exile again[96]. The Annales Leodienses, Floressienses et Marchianenses record that "Raginerus et Lantbertus" (sons of Reginar [III] Comte de Hainaut) returned from exile in 973 and killed "Guarnero et Rainaldo", who occupied their father's county, "apud Perronam" and besieged "super Hagnam fluvium castello Buxude"[97]. Thietmar records that "Lantbertus, Reinherii filius…cum fratre…Reingerio" killed "Wirinharium et eius germanum Reinzonem"[98]. Sigebert's Chronica records that in 977 "filii Ragineri" were "in terra partum suorum relocati"[99], which presumably marked the beginning of their rehabilitation. Archbishop Egbert donated property "de beneficio Luthardi comitis…mortuo sine herede" to St Paul at Trier by charter dated 981, subscribed by "…Regeneri rerum S Marie advocatis…"[100], although it is not known whether this is the same Reginar. A letter of Gerbert dated to [985] names "comes Reinharius"[101]. It is not clear from the context whether this refers to Reginar, son of Gozelon (see LOWER LOTHARINGIAN NOBILITY), or Reginar [IV] Comte de Hainaut. However, a later letter names "Hainao Reniero"[102] which suggests that the latter is correct. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that "comes Raginerus" captured "Montem castri" from "comiti Godefrido" in 998[103], from which time REGINAR [IV] can properly be described as Comte de Hainaut, Comte de Mons. The Miracula S. Gisleni date one of the events recorded to "tempore Arnulfi et Raineri comitum…Hainacensium"[104], which suggests that Arnoul continued to enjoy some jurisdictional rights in the county of Hainaut even after the restoration of Comte Reginar [IV]. As shown below in Chapter 2, it is assumed that this was in the march of Valenciennes. "Raginero comite…et Hathuidis coniunx eius" donated property at Gion to Gembloux by charter dated to [1013][105]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1013 of "in Haynico…comite Raginero Montense"[106].

m ([996]) HEDWIGE [Avoie] de France, daughter of HUGUES Capet King of France & his wife Adelais d'Aquitaine ([969][107]-after 1013). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum regem et filiam Hadevidem…comitissam Hainonensium" as the children of King Hugues[108]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines also names "soror regis Roberti Hadwidis" as wife of "Rainero comiti de Hainaco, fratri Lamberti comitis de Lovanio"[109]. Sigebert's Chronica records in 977 that "Raginerus" married "Hathuidem filiam Hugonis postea regis"[110]. "Comes Raginerus et Hathuidis coniux" are named in the Gesta of Gembloux Abbey[111]. Her brother gave her the towns of Couvin, Fraisne, Nîme, Eve and Bens (all now in Belgium) as her dowry on her marriage. "Raginero comite…et Hathuidis coniunx eius" donated property at Gion to Gembloux by charter dated to [1013][112]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" took into his protection the abbey of Florennes founded by "Gerardus…in primis meus capellanus postea…Cameracensis episcopus effectus et fratres sui Godefridus et Arnulphus" by charter dated 1018, which refers to earlier donations of property by "comitissa Hawidis, annuentibus filiis suis comite Raginero et Lamberto"[113]. "Chuonradus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the foundation of Florennes abbey by charter dated 1033, which records among others the donation of "comitissa Hadegundis, annuentibus comite Raginero et Lamberto filiis suis…in Prona sita in pago Haynomensi"[114]. The identity of "comitissa Hawidis/Hadegundis", and therefore the existence of Lambert supposed brother of Reginar [V] Comte de Hainaut, is not certain. Hedwige, wife of Reginar [IV] Comte de Hainaut, is the most obvious candidate. If this is correct, the donation must have been made after her husband's death in 1013 as he is not named in the document. The other possibility is that she was the mother of Reginar [IV] Comte de Hainaut and his brother Lambert [I] Comte de Louvain. However, the name of the wife of their father, Reginar [III], is recorded elsewhere as Adela (see BRABANT).

Comte Reginar [IV] & his wife had [three] children:

1. REGINAR de Hainaut (-after 1039). The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium names "Rainero…Raineri filio" as "Lantbertus…nepote suo"[115]. His parentage is confirmed by the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines which names "filius eius [=comite Raginero Montense] iunior Ragynerus" when recording that he succeeded his father[116]. He succeeded his father in 1013 as REGINAR [V] Comte de Hainaut, Comte de Mons. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that in 1015 "Raginerus comes" fought with his uncle "Lambertus Lovaniense" at Florinnes, specifying that his uncle was killed in the battle[117]. The dating clause of the charter dated to [1027/39], under which "Evrardus…atque Fredescensis uxor mea" donated land "in Asquilleyas" to the monastery of Saint-Ghislain, names "Ragnieri comitis Castriloci montis"[118]. m ([1015]) MATHILDE de Verdun, daughter of HERMANN van Eenham/Eename Graf von Eifel [Wigeriche] & his wife Mathilde --- (-after 1039). The Ruperti Chronicon records "altera filia [=Herimannus] Raginero Montensi Brabantiam tradidit" but does not name her[119]. The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records the marriage of "Rainerius" and "filiam Herimanni comitis" but adds that Bishop Gérard was displeased because of the consanguinity between the parties[120]. This relationship has not been traced. Sigebert refers to "alteram…filiam [Hezcelonis comitis]" who married "Reginero, Montensi comiti, simul cum tota provincia Brabantensi"[121]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. Comte Reginar [V] & his wife had one child:

a) HERMAN (-[3 Jul] [1049]). The sources are conflicting about whether Count Herman or his wife was the child of Count Reginar [IV]. The Chronicon Hanoniense indirectly suggests that Herman was Reginar's son by naming "Hermanno comite qui post quamplures comites comitatum Hanoniensem iure hereditario possedit" and "eius uxore Richelde comitissa", while specifying that after the death of Count Herman his wife succeeded and "totam terram Hanoniensis comitatus tam de iure dotalicii quam de procuratione puerorum suorum tenuit"[122]. In addition, the Lamberti Annales record that "filius Baldewini" (referring to the son of Baudouin I Comte de Hainaut) inherited "comitatum Reginheri quondam comitis cum castello…Mons" which "mater eius" accepted as her dower from "priore marito"[123], which certainly suggests that the latter was Reginar´s son. The sources which favour Herman's Hainaut origin are discussed by Van Overstraten[124], who also quotes an 18th century French translation of a version of an undated charter, dated to [1024/39], under which "Lietgarde…avec sa fille Wileburge" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Ghislain, subscribed by "Rainier comte de Hainau avec son fils Herman". This subscription does not appear in the 17th century Latin copy of the charter, which Van Overstraten also quotes. The original of the charter is lost. Although these documents appear conclusive, there are numerous other sources which describe Herman's wife as the daughter of Count Reginar (see below). This appears supported by the Annales Hanoniæ which name "Hermannus" as "filius ducis Thuringie, parentibus orbatus" and husband of Richilde[125], although it is unclear to whom "ducis Thuringie" may refer. A further clue about Herman's origins is provided by the Chronicon S. Andreæ which refers to "Hermanno" as "nepoti ipsius [=Balduinus filius comitis Flandrensis]"[126], although the precise nature of the relationship has not been identified. He succeeded his father as HERMAN Comte de Hainaut, Comte de Mons. The Annales Hanoniæ record the death of "Hermanno" in 1029, but presumably this is a transcription error for 1049[127]. The necrology of Liège Saint-Lambert records the death "V Non Jul" of "Herimanni comitis"[128], although it is not known whether this refers to Herman Comte de Mons. m as her first husband, RICHILDE, daughter of --- (-Messines 15 Mar 1087, bur Hanson Abbey). As noted above, the sources are conflicting about whether Count Herman or his wife was the child of Count Reginar [IV]. In contrast to the relatively clear statements (see above) in favour of Herman being Reginar's son, numerous sources describe Richilde as his daughter. These include the Annales Hanoniæ which name "Richildis" as the daughter of "secundi Ragineri, vel secundum aliquos tercii" and clarify in a later passage that she was "filiam Ragineri comitis Montensis tercionis"[129]. The Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium also names "Richildis comitissa Haynonie filia Raineri comitis filii comitis Raineri Longicolli"[130]. The Historia Comitum Ghisnensium names "Richildis Montensis comitis filia"[131]. Other primary sources give her name and specify that her first husband was Comte Herman, but do not refer to her origin: "Richilde mater Arnulphum et Balduino" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[132]; the Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "Richelde vidua Herimanni comitis Montensis" as wife of "Balduinum Haanoniensem"[133]; the Chronicon S. Andreæ records "Balduinus filius comitis Flandrensis, Richildem comitissam, quæ antea Hermanno nepoti ipsius comitis nupseat, uxorem dixit", specifying that it was "eo autem tempore" with reference to other events dated 1050 which are recounted in the same paragraph[134]. Although the question is not free from doubt, it is probable that the sources which refer to Herman as the son of count Reginar are correct. It is assumed that the sources which support the alternative case were misled by the unusual inheritance of the county of Hainaut/Mons by Count Herman's widow and her transmission of the county to her second husband and her children by this second marriage. However, Nicholas highlights the "universal community" property regime, customary by the 1050s in Germanic eastern Flanders, under which a surviving spouse received the entire deceased spouse's estate if a child had been born of the marriage. He also records that Richilde's second husband, Baudouin VI Count of Flanders, enshrined this regime into his constitution for Geraardsbergen[135]. This suggests that Richilde's inheritance may not have been as unusual as at first sight appears. If it is correct that Herman was the son of Count Reginar [IV], what then was the origin of Ctss Richilde? Several clues are provided by different sources. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Hermanno comite…" and "eius uxore Richelde comitissa", specifying that "defuncto comite Valencenensi absque proprii corporis herede" Richilde inherited his county "tam iure hereditario quam coemptione facta"[136], the comte de Valenciennes in question presumably being a descendant of Comte Arnoul [II] (see Chapter 2). The Flandria Generosa provides another line of enquiry by referring to Pope Leo IX as "eiusdem Richeldis avunculo", when recording that her second husband was excommunicated by Engelbert Bishop of Cambrai for his marriage with "cognate sui Herimanni comitis uxorem", the Pope later lifting the penalty[137]. The Annales Hanoniæ also name Richildis as neptis of Pope Leo, and specify that "de Macourt iuxta Condatum…priorissam" was also neptis of the Pope and of Richildis[138], although this prioress has not yet been identified. A continuator of Sigebert is more precise, recording that "Balduinus Hasnoniensis" married "Richeldem, relictam Herimanni comitis Montensis, que erat de sanguine imperiali et soror sancti Leonis pape noni"[139], but a sibling relationship with Pope Leo is impossible from a chronological point of view. No other mention has been found of any "Richilde" in the family of the counts of Egisheim in Alsace to which Pope Leo belonged. A further indication of Richilde´s family origin is provided by the Gesta Cameracensium which names "iuvenculam Adame neptem Richeldis Montensis comitiissæ" as the wife of Hugues Châtelain de Cambrai[140]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[141], this was "Ada de Rumigny" but no parents are shown and it has not so far been possible to identify her more precisely from other sources. Another possible clue is provided by the first name "Roger", given by Richilde to her son by her first marriage, which is otherwise unknown in the family of the Comtes de Hainaut. The name Roger was used in the families of the 10th century Comtes de Laon, the 11th century Comtes de Porcéan, and the earliest known ancestor of the Comtes de Saint-Pol (see the document NORTHERN FRANCE), but positing a precise connection with any of the families would be speculative. She married secondly (1051) Baudouin de Flandre, who in [1055] succeeded as BAUDOUIN I Comte de Hainaut, Comte de Mons, de iure uxoris. The Annales Elnonenses date the marriage of "Balduinus iunior Adele filius" to 1051 (although they incorrectly names his wife "Iudita"), specifying that thereby "castellum Monz obtinuit" and recording that the marriage was "consensu patris"[142] which presumably refers to Baudouin's own father, maybe indicating that Baudouin was a minor at the time. He succeeded his father in 1067 as BAUDOUIN VI Count of Flanders. The Annales Blandinienses record that her husband's uncle Robert, having killed her son Arnoul Count of Flanders, captured his mother "Rikilde"[143]. She married thirdly (1070) as his second wife, Guillaume FitzOsbern Earl of Hereford. The Annals of Winchester record the marriage in 1070 of “comitissam Flandriæ” and “rex…nepoti suo Willelmo filio Osberni”[144]. William of Malmesbury records that Baudouin I comte de Hainaut entrusted the guardianship of his two sons to "Philip king of France…and to William Fitz-Osberne", adding that the latter "readily undertook the office that he might increase his dignity by a union with Richilda"[145]. The Complete Peerage, citing Annales Flandriæ, states that Richilde was taken in battle where her new husband FitzOsbern was killed[146], but the precise reference has not yet been found to this primary source. The necrology of Liège Saint-Lambert records the death "XVII Kal Apr" of "Richildis comitisse"[147]. Count Herman & his wife had two children:

i) ROGER (-1093). The Chronicon Hanoniense records that "Hermannus comes" and his wife Richilde "filiumque habuerunt et filiam, qui quidem filius claudus fuisse dicitur", that "Richeldis…primorum puerum suorum in corpore debilitatem" and that he was "clericus" and received "episcopatum Catalanensem"[148]. The Annales Hanoniæ name "Rogerum" as son of "Hermannus filius ducis Thuringie ex Richilde", specifying that he was "claudum ab utero" and in a later passage that he was elected "episcopus Cathalenensis"[149]. His rights to the county of Hainaut, as oldest son of his mother, were ignored when the county passed to his half-brother, son of his mother's second marriage, presumably due to his physical disability. Bishop of Chalon-sur-Marne 1066.

ii) daughter (-aged 40). The Annales Hanoniæ refer to a daughter of "Hermannus filius ducis Thuringie ex Richilde", specifying in a later passage that she became a nun[150]. Benedictine nun. same person as…? AGNES (-after 1071). "Arnulphus comes Flandrensium…cum matre mea Richilde et…fratre meo Balduino et sorore mea Agnete" donated "allodium…Thaviers in pago Hasbanie" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, for the souls of "patris mei Balduini et comitis Herimanni", by charter dated 1071[151]. The mention of Comte Herman in this document suggests that Agnes was the same person as the unnamed daughter of Comte Herman. If this is correct, she was the donor´s uterine half-sister.]

2. [LAMBERT (-after 1013). "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" took into his protection the abbey of Florennes founded by "Gerardus…in primis meus capellanus postea…Cameracensis episcopus effectus et fratres sui Godefridus et Arnulphus" by charter dated 1018, which refers to earlier donations of property by "comitissa Hawidis, annuentibus filiis suis comite Raginero et Lamberto"[152]. "Chuonradus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the foundation of Florennes abbey by charter dated 1033, which records among others the donation of "comitissa Hadegundis, annuentibus comite Raginero et Lamberto filiis suis…in Prona sita in pago Haynomensi"[153]. The identity of "comitissa Hawidis/Hadegundis", and therefore the existence of Lambert supposed brother of Reginar [V] Comte de Hainaut, is not certain. Hedwige, wife of Reginar [IV] Comte de Hainaut, is the most obvious candidate. If this is correct, the donation must have been made after her husband's death in 1013 as he is not named in the document. The other possibility is that she was the mother of Reginar [IV] Comte de Hainaut and his brother Lambert [I] Comte de Louvain. However, the name of the wife of their father, Reginar [III], is recorded elsewhere as Adela.]

3. BEATRIX de Hainaut. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Beatricem" as daughter of "Rainero comiti de Hainaco" and his wife Hedwige, naming her husband "Ebalus de Roceio"[154]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis gives more details, naming "Beatricem" as daughter of "Hadevidem…comitissam Hainonensium" and specifying that she married "Ebalus de Roceio, cuius frater fuit Lebaldus de Malla et soror Iveta comitissa de Roitest" and later "Manasses cui agnomen Calva-asina"[155]. m firstly (divorced before 1021) EBLES [I] Comte de Roucy, son of GISELBERT Comte [de Roucy] & his wife --- (-11 May 1033). Archbishop of Reims 1021. m secondly ([1021]) MANASSES de Ramerupt "Calva-asina", son of HILDUIN [III] de Ramerupt [Montdidier] & his wife ---. Vidame de Reims 1053.

Chapter 2. VALENCIENNES

The march of Valenciennes was established in the south of the county of Hainaut. Emperor Otto II established marches on the right bank of the river Schelde from Valenciennes in the south to Antwerp in the north to counter the perceived threat from France during the early part of the reign of Arnoul II Count of Flanders[156]. The timing of the establishment of the march of Valenciennes is open to debate. As can be seen below in Part A, Amaury is recorded as a count "ex pago Heinou" as early as [953/56], and is also named with the comital title (with no territorial epithet) at the same time as Richer is recorded as Comte de Hainaut (in 973). The period over which Amaury is named in charters also overlaps with the countships of other known counts of Hainaut who are shown in Chapter 1 of this document. There are two possible explanations for this anomaly. The first alternative is the hypothesis that counties in the early imperial and Lotharingian counties were not necessarily co-extensive with the territorial jurisdiction of the counts who were installed in those counties. In other words, the existence of more than one count in the same county at any one time was not an anomaly at all. This theory is discussed more fully in the Introduction to the document LOWER LOTHARINGIAN NOBILITY but, as noted there, the surviving primary sources are insufficiently precise to assert definitively that the hypothesis is correct. The alternative explanation, suggested by Vanderkindere, is that the march of Valenciennes was established by Otto I King of Germany in the late 940s/early 950s and that Amaury was the first count of that march[157]. However, it does not appear that the political climate in Flanders/Hainaut during these early years of King Otto I's reign would have justified the establishment of military marches in the area at that time. Both counties were then ruled by strong counts, Arnoul I in Flanders and Reginar [III] in Hainaut, who could probably have taken care of themselves in case of threat from France. The solution to this conundrum is not obvious, but Amaury is shown as count in Part A of this chapter rather than as one of the line of generally accepted comtes de Hainaut in Chapter 1. The Chronicon Hanoniense records that the comte de Hainaut inherited the lands of "comite Valencenensi" after the last count died without direct heirs[158]. The text suggests that this occurred during the reign of Comte Herman (who ruled in the 1040s). However, this was well after the death of Comte Arnoul [II] who is the last recorded count in the march of Valenciennes. If the Chronicon accurately reports this event, it presumably means that the march continued to be ruled by counts separate from Hainaut for about thirty years after the death of Comte Arnoul [II], even though no record has been found of their names or activities. After Valenciennes was incorporated into the county of Hainaut, the counts appointed châtelains of the castle of Valenciennes, who are shown in Parts B and C of this chapter.

A. COMTES de la MARCHE de VALENCIENNES

1. AMAURY [I] (-after 12 Feb 973). Comte [de Hainaut]. [Comte de la marche de Valenciennes]. The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that Foubert Bishop of Cambrai purported to dissolve the marriage between "filiam Isaac" and "Amulricum comitem…ex pago Heinou" on grounds of consanguinity[159], dated to [953/56] because the preceding passage in the same source discusses the Hungarian invasion in 953 and because Bishop Foubert died in 956. Emperor Otto I donated property to the monastery at Crespin, at the request of "Richizonis atque Amelrici comitum", by charter dated 12 Feb 973[160]. If these two sources are correctly dated, Amaury was count in Hainaut for approximately 20 years from 953 to 973. This period overlaps with the countships of the other known counts of Hainaut who are shown in Chapter 1 of this document. This anomaly is discussed in the Introduction to this chapter. It should be noted that the extract from the Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium which refers to Amaury's wife describes him as "comitem…ex pago Heinou" rather than "comitem Hainonensis". m ([separated] [953/56]) --- de Cambrai, daughter of ISAAC Comte de Cambrai & his wife ---. The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that Foubert Bishop of Cambrai purported to dissolve the marriage between "filiam Isaac" and "Amulricum comitem…ex pago Heinou" on grounds of consanguinity[161], dated to [953/56] because the preceding passage in the same source discusses the Hungarian invasion in 953 and because Bishop Foubert died in 956. No contemporary Isaac has been identified other than the Comte de Cambrai, so it is assumed that he was the father of Amaury's wife.

1. ARNOUL [II] de Cambrai, son of [ARNOUL [I] Comte de Cambrai & his wife Berta ---] (-23 Oct 1012). He is recorded as a relative of Balderic [II] Bishop of Liège[162], who was the possible nephew of Berta, supposed mother of Comte Arnoul [II]. It is possible that he was the son of Arnoul [I] but the primary source which confirms his parentage more precisely has not yet been identified. Comte de Cambrai. Comte de la marche de Valenciennes (Comte de Hainaut). The Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium records that "Raineri", who had been banished by "archiepiscopus Bruno", was succeeded by "primum Richario nobili viro, sed hoc defuncto Warnero et Raynaldo, quibus etiam defunctis, Godefrido atque Arnulfo comitibus"[163]. The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that "comites Godefridus…[et] Arnulfus" defended Cambrai against Lothaire King of the West Franks, during the absence of Emperor Otto II in Poland, dated to 979, and against Eudes de Vermandois who had constructed Vinchy castle near the city[164]. The Epistolæ Bambergenses name "Gottefredus et Arnulfus marchiones" among those who sent contingents for the Italian expedition of 980[165], which likely refer to Godefroi Comte de Verdun et de Hainaut (who was marquis d'Eenham) and Arnoul de Cambrai (marquis de Valenciennes). The Translatio sancti Sulpicii names "Haynau comite Godefrido, Valentienarum quoque Arnulpho" as part of the dating reference for an event in [986/87][166]. Otto III King of Germany confirmed rights of Blandin abbey in property "in pago Haginao villam Dulciacum [et]…in pago Bracbanto villam Wandeleni…quam Eilbodo…tradidit…", at the request of "Godefridi et Arnulfi comitem", by charter dated 20 May 988[167]. The Miracula S. Gisleni date one of the events recorded to "tempore Arnulfi et Raineri comitum…Hainacensium"[168], which suggests that Arnoul continued to enjoy some jurisdictional rights in the county of Hainaut even after the restoration of Comte Reginar [IV]. Emperor Otto III confirmed rights in "castellum sancta Marie…in pago Cameracensis ac comitatu Arnolfi comitis" to the bishop of Cambrai by charter dated 21 Apr 1001[169]. Heinrich II King of Germany granted "comitatum Chameracensem" to the bishop of Cambrai by charter dated 22 Oct 1007[170]. The necrology of Liège Saint-Lambert records the death "X Kal Nov" of "Arnulphi comitis que dedit nobis Viusaz"[171], which can be linked to the corresponding entry for his son's death.

B. CHÂTELAINS de VALENCIENNES (mid-11th CENTURY)

1. HUGUES de Valenciennes, son of --- de Cambrai/Valenciennes & his wife --- . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified, but it is likely that Hugues was the son of one of the brothers of Arnoul [I] Comte de Cambrai. "Eustachio et Rogero comitibus…Rodulfo Tornacensi…Hugone Valentinianensi" is named in a charter dated 1125 among the barons present at a previous donation by Baudouin V Count of Flanders (dated to 1038)[172]. Châtelain de Valenciennes.

2. ISAAC de Valenciennes (-after 1065). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified, but it is likely that Isaac was closely related to the family of the Comtes de Cambrai, and was maybe the son of Hugues Châtelain de Valenciennes. Châtelain de Valenciennes. Isaac is named in two charters of Baudouin I Comte de Hainaut dated 1065[173]. m MATHILDE, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1107 under which her daughter "Emmissa quæ cognominor comitissa, Isaac et Maltheldis filia, Fastrei de Fossato conjunx" granted revenue rights to the church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Valenciennes[174]. Isaac & his wife had one child:

a) EMMISSA de Valenciennes (-after 1143). Her parentage and first two marriages are confirmed by the charter dated 1107 under which "Emmissa quæ cognominor comitissa, Isaac et Maltheldis filia, Fastrei de Fossato conjunx" granted revenue rights to the church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Valenciennes, for the souls of "patris et matris [et] domini mei…Rogeri…de Wavring", signed by "Godefridi, Hugonis, castellanorum de Valentianis, Godzewini de Avesnes…Godefridi de Arescod…"[175]. Her third marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1139 under which "Emeza, quæ cognominor comitissa, Ysaac et Mathildis filia, uxor Godefridi de Arescot" donated revenue rights to the abbey of Liessies, with the consent of "Balduino Montensi comite"[176]. She and her third husband donated property to the abbey of St Denijs in Liessies in 1139[177]. "Comitissa, uxor Godefridi de Arscoth" renounced her rights in the forest of Vicogne in favour of the abbey of Vicogne by charter dated 1143[178]. m firstly ROGER [II] de Wavrin, son of --- (-before 1107). m secondly (before 1107) FASTRE de Fossé, son of ---. m thirdly [as his second wife,] GODFRIED van Aarschot, son of ARNOLD [II] Graaf van Aarschot & his wife --- (-after 1139).

C. CHÂTELAINS de VALENCIENNES (SEIGNEURS de RIBEMONT, SEIGNEURS de BOUCHAIN)

1. ANSELME [I] de Ribemont (-killed in battle Cassel 22 Feb 1071). Seigneur de Ribemont en Vermandois. The Fundatio Monasterii Aquicinctini records that "pater senex Ansellus" held "insula Aquicinnii" (l'île d'Anchin) from the bishop of Cambrai and was killed in battle at Cassel[179]. m AGNES, daughter of ---. "Anselmus de Monte-Ribodi" donated "villam Hertinium in pago Tornacensi" to the abbey of Saint-Amand, with the consent of "Agnes mater mea", by charter dated to [1070/75][180]. Anselme [I] & his wife had two children:

a) ANSELME [II] (-killed Archis 1099). "Anselmus de Monte-Ribodi" donated "villam Hertinium in pago Tornacensi" to the abbey of Saint-Amand, with the consent of "Agnes mater mea", by charter dated to [1070/75][181]. Philippe I King of France confirmed the foundation of the abbey of Ribemont by "Ansellus de Ribodimonte" by charter dated 1084[182]. Robert II Count of Flanders confirmed a donation by "Anselmus de Monte Ribodonis" to the abbey of Ribemont, for the soul of "patris sui Anselmi", by charter dated 8 Jan 1088 signed by "…Rotgeri Hislensis castellani…Evrardi Tornacensis castellani…Odonis de Duaco castellani…"[183]. The Fundatio Monasterii Aquicinctini records that "iunioris Anselli" founded the abbey of Anchin[184]. Philippe Count of Flanders states, in a charter dated 1181, that "Ansellus barbatus Ostrevannensis comes" had taken "la dime d'Aniches" from the abbey of Marchiennes[185]. The Liber de Restauratione S. Martini Tornacensis names "Anselmo de Ribemonte" among those who accompanied Robert II Count of Flanders on the First Crusade[186]. Albert of Aix names "…Anselmus de Riburgis monte…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[187]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1099 of "Anselmus de Ribodimonte"[188]. Albert of Aix records that "Anselmus de Riburgis Monte" was killed at "Archas" from "Willelmi…compatriotæ comitis Reimundi de Provincia" who had captured them when Antioch was occupied, dated to late 1098/early 1099 from the context[189]. m BERTHE, daughter of ---. Vanderkindere suggests that Berthe may have been the daughter of Isaac Châtelain de Valenciennes (see Part B above), to explain the transmission of the châtellenie between the two families[190]. Anselme [II] & his wife had three children:

i) GODEFROI [I] . "Godefridus filius Anselli de Ribodimonte et Rainerus dapifer illius" donated property to "Aquicinensis cœnobii" by charter dated 1103, witnessed by "Hugo castellanus Valentianensis…"[191]. Châtelain de Valenciennes. Godefroi de Ribemont, son of Anselme, confirmed his father's last wishes by two charters dated 1104[192]. "Godefridi, Hugonis, castellanorum de Valentianis…" signed the charter dated 1107 under which "Emmissa quæ cognominor comitissa, Isaac et Maltheldis filia, Fastrei de Fossato conjunx" granted revenue rights to the church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Valenciennes[193]. m ---. The name of Godefroi´s wife is not known. Godefroi [I] & his wife had one child:

(a) GODEFROI [II] (-after [1125]). Seigneur de Bouchain. Châtelain de Valenciennes. m (after 1120) as her second husband, YOLANDE van Gelre heiress of Dodenweerd, widow of BAUDOUIN III Comte de Hainaut, daughter of GERHARD [I] Graf von Wassenberg & his wife --- (-after 1122, bur Mons). The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Hiolendem, filiam Gerardi Babinbergensis comitis" as wife Comte Baudouin, specifying that she was "neptem Clementia Flandrensis comitissa"[194]. The relationship between Yolande and Ctss Clémence has not been established, although a possible interpretation of the text is that Yolande's mother was Clémence's sister and therefore another daughter of Guillaume I Comte Palatin de Bourgogne. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Yolendis de Gelra" as mother of "comiti Balduini de Haynaco"[195]. The Chronicon Hanoniense records that "Yoandis comitissa vidua" married secondly "Godefrido de Bochesin castellano Valencenensi"[196]. Godefroi [II] & his wife had two children:

(1) GODEFROI [III] . The Chronicon Hanoniense records that "Yoandis comitissa vidua" married secondly "Godefrido de Bochesin castellano Valencenensi", by whom she was mother of "filium…Godefridum et filiam Bertam…", adding that "frater eorum Balduinus comes Hanoniensis" acquired "castellarium Valencenensem et totam hereditatem eorum tam in Ostrevanno quam in Cameracesio"[197]. Châtelain de Valenciennes.

(2) BERTHE . The Chronicon Hanoniense records that "Yoandis comitissa vidua" married secondly "Godefrido de Bochesin castellano Valencenensi", by whom she was mother of "filium…Godefridum et filiam Bertam [uxorem] comiti de Duraz, deinde nupsit Egidio de Sancto Oberto a quo filium…Gerardum et filiam…[uxorem] Nicholao de Barbencione"[198]. The Chronicle of Lambert of Waterlos records that "Ægidius…adolescens, natus ex Gerardi Malo-filiastro" married "Bertam, comitis Balduini Hainoensis sororem non germanam", without the consent of the count, in 1151[199]. The Chronicle of Lambert of Waterlos records that "Ægidius natus ex Gerardi Malo-privigno" built "turrim de Businiis" in 1170[200]. m firstly OTTO Comte de Duras, son of GISELBERT Comte de Duras & his wife Oda de Chiny (-1147). m secondly (1151) as his first wife, GUY de Saint-Aubert, son of GERARD de Maufilastre & his wife ---. The Chronicon Hanoniense records that Guy married secondly "Mathildam de Berlainmont, Egidii de Cin et Damison de Cirvia filiam" and that she was her father´s heiress[201].

ii) [HUGUES . Châtelain de Valenciennes. "Godefridus filius Anselli de Ribodimonte et Rainerus dapifer illius" donated property to "Aquicinensis cœnobii" by charter dated 1103, witnessed by "Hugo castellanus Valentianensis…"[202]. "Godefridi, Hugonis, castellanorum de Valentianis…" signed the charter dated 1107 under which "Emmissa quæ cognominor comitissa, Isaac et Maltheldis filia, Fastrei de Fossato conjunx" granted revenue rights to the church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Valenciennes[203].]

iii) AGNES (-after 1127). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Agnes" as daughter of "Anselmus de Ribodimonte", and names her son "Gossuino"[204]. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Agne…filia Anselmi de Ribotmont" as wife of "Gosceguinus, filius domine Ida", specifying that they were childless, that he appointed his nephew Gauthier as his successor, and that Agnes became a nun after her husband's death[205]. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "Agnetem…filiam Anselmi comitis de Ribodimonte" married "Goswinus de Oysiaco, castellanus Cameracensis" but was childless[206]. m GOSSUIN d'Oisy Seigneur d'Avesnes, son of FASTRE [I] d'Oisy & his wife Ida d'Avesnes (-1127).

b) AGNES de Ribemont . Orderic Vitalis names her as the sister of Anselm de Ribemont, and alleges that she fell in love with Robert III Duke of Normandy, whose wife was poisoned soon after[207]. m WALTER Giffard Earl of Buckingham, son of WALTER Giffard Seigneur de Longueville & his wife Ermengarde --- (-in England 15 Jul 1102, bur Longueville, Normandy[208]).

Chapter 3. COMTES de HAINAUT [1051]-1195 (COUNTS of FLANDERS)

BAUDOUIN II 1071-1098

BAUDOUIN de Flandre, son of BAUDOUIN VI Count of Flanders, BAUDOUIN I Comte de Hainaut & his wife Richilde de Mons Ctss de Hainaut ([1056]-killed near Nikaia 1098 after 8 Jun). Guibert describes him as "Balduinus comes de Montibus, Roberti Flandrensis comitis iunioris patrui, filius"[209]. "Balduino frater eius [Arnulphum occiso]" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[210]. He succeeded his brother in 1071 as BAUDOUIN II Comte de Hainaut et de Valenciennes. By agreement at Liège in 1071, procured by Emperor Heinrich IV King of Germany with the aim of confirming the status of the counties of Hainaut and Valenciennes as imperial fiefs, Baudouin's mother (on his behalf) surrendered the two counties to the emperor, who granted them to the bishop of Liège. The bishop then granted the counties to Godefroi III "le Bossu" Duke of Lower Lotharingia, who in turn granted them back to Baudouin and his mother[211]. This process also ensured imperial protection for Hainaut as well as comte Baudouin III's succession, which no doubt would otherwise have been threatened by his uncle Robert I Count of Flanders. "Balduinus, Valenciarum comes, filius Balduini junioris" confirmed the purchase by the abbot of Hasnon of two mills, for the souls of "patris mei Balduini et matris mee Ricildis", by charter dated 1087[212]. Comte Baudouin joined the contingent of Godefroi de Bouillon Duke of Lower Lotharingia (avoiding that of Robert I Count of Flanders) on the First Crusade in 1096, selling the castle of Couvin to Otbert Bishop of Liège to raise funds. Otbert Bishop of Liège declared having bought "castellum de Covino" from "comite Balduino de Mont", in the presence of "uxore ipsius Ida, cum filiis suis Baldewino, Arnulpho, Lodewico, Heinrico", by charter dated 14 Jun 1096, signed by "Rainerus advocatus, comes Warnerus de Greis, Wedericus de Walecourth…"[213]. William of Tyre names "Baudoin comte de Hainaut" among those who left on the First Crusade with Robert Count of Flanders[214]. Albert of Aix records that "Hugonem Magnum fratrem regis Franciæ, Drogonem et Clareboldum" were held in chains in prison by the emperor at Constantinople but were released after the intervention of "Baldewinus Hainaucorum comes et Heinricus de Ascha" who were sent as envoys by Godefroi de Bouillon[215]. Albert of Aix names "…Baldewinus de Monte castello, Hainaucorum comes et princeps…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[216]. He took part in the siege of Antioch in 1098.

m (1084) IDA de Louvain, daughter of HENRI [II] Comte de Louvain & his wife Adela [in der Betuwe] (-1139). The Chronicon Huberti names "Ida" wife of "Balduinum comitem Montensem" but does not give her origin[217]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the marriage in 1084 of "Idam filiam Henrici Lovaniensis" and "comes Montensis Balduinus"[218]. Otbert Bishop of Liège declared having bought "castellum de Covino" from "comite Balduino de Mont", in the presence of "uxore ipsius Ida, cum filiis suis Baldewino, Arnulpho, Lodewico, Heinrico", by charter dated 14 Jun 1096[219]. Albert of Aix records that "uxor comitis Baldewini Hainaucorum" wept bitterly for the death of "Arnulfi…principis de castello Aldenardis" who had been "socius et conviator eius de terra…Galliæ", dated to [1105/06] from the context[220]. He does not specify which Baudouin, but it appears more likely that the text refers to the widow of count Baudouin II than to the young wife of count Baudouin III. If this is correct, it is surprising that the passage does not specify that her husband was dead. On the other hand, the date is early for the marriage of the younger count and in any case no other record has been identified which corroborates that Baudouin III was in Palestine at this time. The report is probably garbled.

Comte Baudouin II & his wife had nine children:

1. IDA de Hainaut ([1085]-after [1105]). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to "sororem Balduini comitis Hainoensis" as wife of "Thomam de Marla"[221]. The Chronicon Hanoniense refers to a second unnamed sister of "comitis Hainoniensis" who married "Thome de Marla"[222]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. m ([1100], repudiated) as his first wife, THOMAS [I] Comte d´Amiens, Seigneur de Coucy et de Marle, son of ENGUERRAND [I] Comte d´Amiens, Seigneur de Coucy et de Boves & his wife Ada de Marle [Roucy] ([1073]-[1130/31]).

2. [daughter . The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "filio suo [=Gualterus] Teoderico", specifying that he married "sororem Balduini comitis Montensis"[223]. The text does not specify which "Balduini comitis Montensis" is intended. However, if Thierry's date of death is correct as shown above, it is likely that the marriage took place only shortly before this date. If that is correct, then the text most probably refers to Count Baudouin III, who succeeded his father in 1098. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[224], Thierry's wife was Richildis, daughter of Baudouin III Comte de Hainaut, who later married Everard [II] Raoul Châtelain de Tournai. However, this is chronologically impossible (assuming that Thierry did die before 1106) as Baudouin III's marriage is dated to [1107]. m THIERRY d'Avesnes Seigneur de Mortagne, son of GAUTHIER [I] d'Oisy, Seigneur d'Avesnes, de Condé et de Leuze & his wife Ida de Mortagne (-[before 1106]).]

3. BAUDOUIN de Hainaut (1088-1120). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "primogenitus Balduinus…secundus Arnulphus" as sons of "Balduino comiti Hanoniensi"[225]. He succeeded his father in 1098 as BAUDOUIN III Comte de Hainaut.

- see below.

4. ARNOUL de Hainaut (-after 1117). The Chronicon Lætiense names "Arnulpho, fratri comitis de Hainau Balduini" and his wife "Beatricem filiam [Waltero de Aat] et Ade [filiam] Eustacii del Rues"[226]. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "primogenitus Balduinus…secundus Arnulphus" as sons of "Balduino comiti Hanoniensi"[227].

- SIRES DE RŒULX.

5. LOUIS de Hainaut (-after 14 Jun 1096). Otbert Bishop of Liège declared having bought "castellum de Covino" from "comite Balduino de Mont", in the presence of "uxore ipsius Ida, cum filiis suis Baldewino, Arnulpho, Lodewico, Heinrico", by charter dated 14 Jun 1096[228].

6. SIMON de Hainaut (-after 1096). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Canon in Liege 1096.

7. HENRI de Hainaut (-after 14 Jun 1096). Otbert Bishop of Liège declared having bought "castellum de Covino" from "comite Balduino de Mont", in the presence of "uxore ipsius Ida, cum filiis suis Baldewino, Arnulpho, Lodewico, Heinrico", by charter dated 14 Jun 1096[229].

8. GUILLAUME de Hainaut (-after 1117). A charter dated 1117 records the donation by "comite Balduino", with the consent of "uxore sua Iola et filio suo Balduino…prefati comites fratres Ernulfus et Willelmus", of "allodium de Oberceiis" to the abbey of Saint-Denis en Broqueroie[230].

9. RICHILDIS de Hainaut ([1095]-after 1118). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Richeldis" as daughter of "Balduino comitis Hanoniensis" and wife of "comiti Montisforti"[231]. Orderic Vitalis names "Richenda" as wife of Amaury de Montfort, but does not give her origin[232]. m ([1115], divorced 1118) AMAURY [III] Seigneur de Montfort, son of SIMON Seigneur de Montfort-l'Amaury & his third wife Agnès d'Evreux (-[18/19] Apr after 1136, bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère). He succeeded as Comte d'Evreux.

10. AELIDIS de Hainaut (-7 Apr, 1153 or after). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to "sororem comitis Hainonensium Adelidem nomine" as the second wife of "Nicholaum"[233]. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Alidis" as daughter of "Balduino comitis Hanoniensis" and wife of "Hugoni de Ruminio"[234], which must be a mistake for "Nicholai". 1153. The necrology of Floreffe records the death "VII Id Apr" of "Adeleidis fundatricis ecclesie beate Marie Boni Fontis"[235]. m as his second wife, NICOLAS [II] Seigneur de Rumigny et de Florennes, son of NICOLAS [I] Seigneur de Florennes & his wife --- (-1153 or after).

BAUDOUIN III 1098-1120

BAUDOUIN de Hainaut, son of BAUDOUIN II Comte de Hainaut & his wife Ida de Louvain (1088-1120, bur Mons). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "primogenitus Balduinus…secundus Arnulphus" as sons of "Balduino comiti Hanoniensi"[236]. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "filius eius [=Balduino]"[237]. Otbert Bishop of Liège declared having bought "castellum de Covino" from "comite Balduino de Mont", in the presence of "uxore ipsius Ida, cum filiis suis Baldewino, Arnulpho, Lodewico, Heinrico", by charter dated 14 Jun 1096[238]. He succeeded his father in 1098 as BAUDOUIN III Comte de Hainaut, minor until [1103]. A charter dated 1117 records the donation by "comite Balduino", with the consent of "uxore sua Iola et filio suo Balduino…prefati comites fratres Ernulfus et Willelmus", of "allodium de Oberceiis" to the abbey of Saint-Denis en Broqueroie, signed by "…Gossuinus Avesnensis et frater eius Isembardus…Arnulfus de Crois…"[239]. The Chronicon Hanoniense records that "Balduinus comes Hanoniensis, Balduini comitis et Yde comitisse filius" was buried in the church of Mons[240].

m ([1107]) as her first husband, YOLANDE van Gelre heiress of Dodenweerd, daughter of GERHARD [I] Graf von Wassenberg & his wife --- (-after 1122, bur Mons). The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Hiolendem, filiam Gerardi Babinbergensis comitis" as wife Comte Baudouin, specifying that she was "neptem Clementia Flandrensis comitissa"[241]. The relationship between Yolande and Ctss Clémence has not been established, although a possible interpretation of the text is that Yolande's mother was Clémence's sister and therefore another daughter of Guillaume I Comte Palatin de Bourgogne. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Yolendis de Gelra" as mother of "comiti Balduini de Haynaco"[242]. A charter dated 1117 records the donation by "comite Balduino", with the consent of "uxore sua Iola et filio suo Balduino…prefati comites fratres Ernulfus et Willelmus", of "allodium de Oberceiis" to the abbey of Saint-Denis en Broqueroie[243]. She married secondly (after 1120) Godefroi [II] de Ribemont Châtelain de Valenciennes. The Chronicon Hanoniense records that "Yoandis comitissa vidua" married secondly "Godefrido de Bochesin castellano Valencenensi"[244].

Comte Baudouin III & his wife had five children:

1. BAUDOUIN de Hainaut ([1110]-6/8 Nov 1171, bur Binche, Monastery of St Marie). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Balduinum primum et Gerardum secundum" as sons of "Balduinus comes Hanoniensis" & his wife[245]. He succeeded his father in 1120 as BAUDOUIN IV “le Bâtisseur” Comte de Hainaut.

- see below.

2. GERARD de Hainaut (-1166). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Balduinum primum et Gerardum secundum" as sons of "Balduinus comes Hanoniensis" & his wife, in a later passage specifying that Gerard received "ex parte matris suo Yolandis…comitatum de Dodewerde et comitatum de Dala"[246].

- GRAFEN von DALE.

3. YOLANDE de Hainaut. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m GERARD Seigneur de Créquy et de Fressin, son of ---.

4. GERTRUDE [Ida] de Hainaut. The Chronicon Hanoniense refers to one of the daughters of "Balduinus comes Hanoniensis" & his wife as wife of "domino de Thoenio", in a later passage naming their children "Radulphum primum [filium Rogerum], Rogerum secundum et Balduinum tercium et Gaufridum quartum clericum"[247]. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that Henry I King of England had granted "xx libratas terre in Bercolt" in Norfolk to "Rogero de Tooni…in maritagio cum filia comitis de Henou"[248]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. m (before 9 Aug 1138) ROGER [III] Seigneur de Tosny, son of RAOUL [IV] Seigneur de Tosny & his wife Adelisa of Huntingdon ([1104]-after 29 Sep 1158).

5. RICHILDE de Hainaut . The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Balduinum et Richeldem" as children of Comte Baudouin and his wife Yolande, specifying that Richildis married "Everardi castellani Tornacensis"[249]. The Chronicon Hanoniense refers to one of the daughters of "Balduinus comes Hanoniensis" & his wife as the wife of "castellano Tornacensis", in a later passage naming their son "Evrardum cognomine Radonem qui de parte matris sue Fienias villam prope Melbodium possedit"[250]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[251], Richildis, daughter of Baudouin III Comte de Hainaut, married firstly Thierry d'Avesnes. However, this is chronologically impossible (assuming that Thierry died before 1106) as Baudouin III's marriage is dated to [1107]. It is more likely therefore that the wife of Thierry was a daughter of Count Baudouin II (see above). m EVERARD [II] Radoul Châtelain de Tournai, son of --- (-1159 or after).

BAUDOUIN IV 1120-1171, BAUDOUIN V 1171-1195

BAUDOUIN de Hainaut, son of BAUDOUIN III Comte de Hainaut & his wife Yolande van Gelre ([1110]-6/8 Nov 1171, bur Binche, Monastery of St Marie). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Balduinum primum et Gerardum secundum" as sons of "Balduinus comes Hanoniensis" & his wife[252]. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Balduinum et Richeldem" as children of Comte Baudouin and his wife Yolande[253]. A charter dated 1117 records the donation by "comite Balduino", with the consent of "uxore sua Iola et filio suo Balduino…prefati comites fratres Ernulfus et Willelmus", of "allodium de Oberceiis" to the abbey of Saint-Denis en Broqueroie[254]. He succeeded his father in 1120 as BAUDOUIN IV “le Bâtisseur” Comte de Hainaut, minor until [1124/25]. "Balduinus Hainoniensis comes" renounced rights over "les bois de Saint-Calixte" in favour of Cysoing by charter dated to [1160], signed by "Balduini comitis, Godefridi filii eius, Eustachii del Ruth…"[255]. His brother-in-law Henri Comte de Namur et de Luxembourg named Comte Baudouin as his heir, the right to this prospective inheritance passing to his son Comte Baudouin V after he died in 1171[256]. The Chronicon Hanoniense records that "Balduinus [marito Alidis comitissa]" was buried "Bincii in monasterio sancta Marie"[257].

m ([1130]) ALIX de Namur, daughter of GODEFROI I Comte de Namur & his second wife Ermesinde de Luxembourg ([1112/14]-end Jul 1169). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "ducissa Cyringie…Beatrix…Alidis…" as the three daughters of "comes Godefridus de Namuco" & his second wife[258]. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Alidem…Godefridi comitis Namurcensis et Ermesendis comitisse filiam" as wife of "Balduinus comes Hanoniensis, Balduini comitis et Yolendis comitisse filiuis", in a later passage specifying that she was one of the daughters of her father's second marriage[259]. The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names "Alithiam" as sister of "Godefridus frater Henricum", specifying that she married "Hainoensi comiti Balduino"[260], although it is chronologically impossible for Alix to have been the sister of Godefroi. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis refers to the wife of Count Baudouin as "comitis Namucensis germanam"[261].

Comte Baudouin IV & his wife had eight children:

1. YOLANDE de Hainaut ([1131/35]-after Apr 1202). The Chronicon Hanoniense names (in order) "Yolandem, Agnetem, Lauretam" as the daughters of "Alidis comitissa Hanonensis …cum viro Balduino comite", specifying that Yolande married firstly "Ivo senior…comes Suessonis dominusque Nigelle", but was childless by him, and married secondly "Hugonis Sancti Pauli", recording in a later passage that she was 47 years old at the time of her second marriage in 1178[262], although her age is probably exaggerated considering that she gave birth to two children by her second husband. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "comitem Balduinum, Henricum de Seburgo et quatuor sorores" as children of "comiti Balduini de Haynaco", naming one daughter (second among those listed) "cometissa Suessionensis Hyolenz" specifying that she later married "comiti Hugoni de Sancto Paulo" by whom she had "Ysabellam uxorem comitis Galtheri de Castellione, qui per uxorem factus est comes de Sancto Paulo, et Eustaciam uxorem Iohannis de Nigella"[263]. "Ivo comes Suessionensis et dominus Nigellensis…uxor mea Hyolens" donated property to the abbey of Notre-Dame d'Ourscamp by charter dated to [1173] which names "nepos meus Cono heres meus et dominus Petrifontis"[264]. m firstly ([1151/52]) IVES [II] de Nesle Comte de Soissons, son of RAOUL Seigneur de Nesle & his wife Rainurde --- (-Aug 1178). m secondly (1178) HUGUES [IV] Comte de Saint Pol, son of ANSELME "Candavène" Comte de Saint-Pol & his third wife Mathilde --- (-Nov 1205).

2. BAUDOUIN de Hainaut ([1134]-[1147/50]). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Balduinum primum, Godefridum secundum, Balduinum tercium, Heinricum quartam" as the sons of "Alidis comitissa Hanonensis …cum viro Balduino comite"[265].

3. AGNES de Hainaut ([1140/45]-[1168/73]). The Chronicon Hanoniense names (in order) "Yolandem, Agnetem, Lauretam" as the daughters of "Alidis comitissa Hanonensis …cum viro Balduino comite", specifying that the second daughter Agnes married "Radulphus de Cocy qui et Cociacum et Marlam et Vervinum et Feram castra possidebat"[266]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "comitem Balduinum, Henricum de Seburgo et quatuor sorores" as children of "comiti Balduini de Haynaco", naming one daughter (first among those listed) "Agnes [uxor] Rodulfo de Marla"[267]. m (before 1164) as his first wife, RAOUL [I] de Coucy Seigneur de Coucy et de Marle, son of ENGUERRAND [II] Seigneur de Coucy & his wife Agnes de Boisgency (after 1142-killed siege of Acre Nov 1191, bur Abbaye de Foigny).

4. LAURETTE de Hainaut (-9 Aug 1181). The Chronicon Hanoniense names (in order) "Yolandem, Agnetem, Lauretam" as the daughters of "Alidis comitissa Hanonensis …cum viro Balduino comite", specifying that Laurette married "Theodericus de Alost, Iwani de Gandavo et Laurete filius" and secondly "in Francia Bucardo de Monte Morenciaco…filium Matheum", recording in a later passage that her second marriage took place "1173 post atavam epiphanie"[268]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "comitem Balduinum, Henricum de Seburgo et quatuor sorores" as children of "comiti Balduini de Haynaco", naming one daughter (third among those listed) "Loreta [uxor] Buchardo de Montinorencei" by whom she had "Matheum in curia Francie nominatissimum et comitissam Montisfortis matrem comitis Almarici"[269]. The necrology of the abbey of Notre-Dame du Val records the death "V Id Aug" of "domina Laureta de Montemorenciaco"[270]. m firstly DIRK van Aalst, son of IWAN Graaf van Aalst & his wife Laurette de Flandre (-20 Apr 1166). m secondly (early Jan 1173) BOUCHARD [IV] Sire de Montmorency, son of MATHIEU [I] Sire de Montmorency & his first wife Alix [of England] (after 1126-1189).

5. GODEFROI de Hainaut (1147-Mons 7 Apr 1163, bur église Sainte-Waudru). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Balduinum primum, Godefridum secundum, Balduinum tercium, Heinricum quartam" as the sons of "Alidis comitissa Hanonensis …cum viro Balduino comite"[271]. "Balduinus Hainoniensis comes" renounced rights over "les bois de Saint-Calixte" in favour of Cysoing by charter dated to [1160], signed by "Balduini comitis, Godefridi filii eius, Eustachii del Ruth…"[272]. Graf van Oostrevant. His father associated him with the government of Hainaut and he bore the title Comte de Hainaut. He died while preparing to journey to Palestine[273]. The Chronicon Hanoniense records the death of "Godefridum [filium Alidis comitissa Hanonensis…cum viro Balduino comite]" aged 16 and his burial "in monasterio beate Waldetrudis"[274]. m (1162) as her first husband, ELEONORE de Vermandois, daughter of RAOUL [I] “le Vaillant” Comte de Vermandois et de Valois & his second wife Aélis [Petronille] d'Aquitaine ([1148/49]-[19/21] Jun 1213, bur Abbaye de Longpont). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Aenoram Radulphi comitis Viromandie filiam" as wife of "Godefridum [filium Alidis comitissa Hanonensis…cum viro Balduino comite]", and in a later passage refers to her subsequent marriages to "Willelmo comiti Nivernensi…[et] Matheo comiti Boloniensi…[et] comiti Bellimontis in Francia Matheo"[275]. She claimed the succession to Vermandois on the death of her sister in 1183, and succeeded in 1186 as Ctss de Valois. She succeeded as ELEONORE Ctss de Vermandois in 1192. She married secondly (1164) Guillaume [IV] Comte de Nevers, thirdly (1171) as his second wife, Matthieu de Lorraine Comte de Boulogne-sur-Mer, fourthly (1175, divorced 1192) as his first wife, Matthieu [III] Comte de Beaumont-sur-Oise.

6. BAUDOUIN de Hainaut (1150-Mons 17 Dec 1195). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Balduinum primum, Godefridum secundum, Balduinum tercium, Heinricum quartam" as the sons of "Alidis comitissa Hanonensis …cum viro Balduino comite"[276]. The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names "Balduinum" as son of "Hainoensi comiti Balduino" and his wife Alice, specifying that he married "Margaretam filiam Theoderici Flandrensis comitis" and had children (unnamed)[277]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "comitem Balduinum, Henricum de Seburgo et quatuor sorores" as children of "comiti Balduini de Haynaco"[278]. "Comite Hanoniensis nepote suo [=[Heinricum] comes Namurencis] ex sorore" is referred to, but not named, in a contemporary report on the fire at the abbey of Gembloux[279]. He succeeded his father in 1171 as BAUDOUIN V Comte de Hainaut. He succeeded in 1191, in right of his wife, as BAUDOUIN VIII Count of Flanders. m (Apr 1169) as her second husband, MARGUERITE de Flandre, widow of RAOUL [II] Comte de Vermandois, daughter of THIERRY I Count of Flanders & his second wife Sibylle d'Anjou ([1145]-15 Nov 1194). The Chronicon Hanoniense records the marriage "tempore Paschali mense April 1169" of "Balduinus" and "Margharetam…Mathie comitis Boloniensis sororem"[280]. She succeeded her brother in 1191 as MARGUERITE I Ctss of Flanders.

- see Chapter 3. COMTES de HAINAUT 1191-1244.

7. HENRI de Hainaut (-after 1207). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Balduinum primum, Godefridum secundum, Balduinum tercium, Heinricum quartam" as the sons of "Alidis comitissa Hanonensis …cum viro Balduino comite"[281]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "comitem Balduinum, Henricum de Seburgo et quatuor sorores" as children of "comiti Balduini de Haynaco"[282]. "…Henrici et Willelmi fratrum meorum…" signed the charter dated 1187 under which Baudouin V Comte de Hainaut declared that "frater meus Henricus" and the abbey of Vicogne, owners of the mill at Sebourg, were responsible for its repair[283]. Seigneur de Sebourg. "Henricus dominus de Seburco, comitis Flandriæ et Haynoniæ patruus" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Sauve near Valenciennes by charter dated Nov 1199[284]. m firstly JOANNA van Peteghem, daughter of JAN [I] Heer van Peteghem en Cysoing & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly ANASTASIA, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. 1205. Henri & his first wife had two children:

a) BAUDOUIN de Hainaut (-young). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

b) PHILIPPE de Hainaut . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur de Sebourg. m --- d'Estrepy, daughter of ALARD d'Estrepy & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Philippe & his wife had five children:

i) BAUDOUIN de Sebourg . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

ii) PHILIPPE de Sebourg . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

iii) ISABELLE de Sebourg (-after 1274). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "Arnulphus", son of "domino Johannis de Audenarde", married "dominam de Seburgo, relictam domini Balduini de Hennin" as his first wife[285]. Heiress of Sebourg and Fontaine l’Evêque. 1274. m firstly BAUDOUIN de Hénin-Liétard libre Baron de Fontaine l’Evêque. m secondly as his first wife, ARNOUD Heer van Oudenaarde, son of JAN Heer van Oudenaarde & his second wife --- .

iv) JEANNE de Sebourg . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Nun at Quesnoy.

v) ALIX de Sebourg . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m GAUTHIER de Bousies .

Henri & his second wife had two children:

c) SIBYLLE de Hainaut . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Nun at Ghislenghien. 1205.

d) YOLANDE de Hainaut . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Nun at Ghislenghien. 1205.

8. EUSTACHE de Hainaut . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Provost of Sainte-Wandru at Mons 1198.

9. BERTA de Hainaut . The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "comitem Balduinum, Henricum de Seburgo et quatuor sorores" as children of "comiti Balduini de Haynaco", naming one daughter (fourth among those listed) "Berta [uxor] Egidio de Sancto Auberto Cameracensis dyocesis" by whom she had "Gerardum et sororem illius"[286].

Count Baudouin IV had [three] illegitimate children by an unknown mistress:

10. GERARD (-1179, bur église Sainte-Waudru). The Chronicon Hanoniense records the death in 1179 of "Gerardus comitis Hanoniensis fraters ed non germanus" and his burial "in monasterio beate Waldetrudis"[287].

11. GUILLAUME de Hainaut (-after 8 Nov 1219[288]). "Willelmi fratris mei, Sancti Salvii advocati…" signed the charter dated [9 Nov/31 Dec] 1180 under which Baudouin V Comte de Hainaut granted duty exemptions to the abbey of Vaucelle[289]. "…Henrici et Willelmi fratrum meorum…" signed the charter dated 1187 under which Baudouin V Comte de Hainaut declared that "frater meus Henricus" and the abbey of Vicogne, owners of the mill at Sebourg, were responsible for its repair[290]. "Ludovici advocate Hasbanie" sold the advocacy of Flône, and other rights relating to churches of Liège, to "domino comiti Hainoensi…Balduino", by charter dated 1190, witnessed by "Wilhelmus frater comitis Hainoensis, Alardus de Cimai, Nicholaus de Barbentione…"[291]. Seigneur de Thy-le-Château 1190: Baudouin V Comte de Hainaut, Marquis de Namur granted "castrum…Thier cum villa" to "Willelmo fratri meo" by charter dated [Oct] 1190[292]. "De Werchin" 1193. Regent of Hainaut 1201-1205. Chancellor of Flanders. Vogt of Saint-Saulve 1212. m HEDWIGE [Heluidis/Avoye] de Saint-Saulve, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. 1212/19. Guillaume & his wife had seven children (whose parentage and marriages have not been confirmed in primary sources so far consulted):

a) HELVIDE de Hainaut . Vögtin de Saint-Saulve 1218/24. m firstly GILLES [II] de Saint-Aubert dit de Berlaimont Seigneur de Berlaimont, de Busigny, de Chin et de Germigny (-before 1224). Bouteiller de Hainaut. m secondly BAUDOUIN d'Avesnes Seigneur de la Flamengerie, son of ---. 1196/1233.

b) MARIE de Hainaut . 1207/32. m (before 1207) PHILIPPE Châtelain de Maldeghem, son of ---.

c) GUILLAUME [II] de Hainaut . 1207/25. Seigneur de Wierge 1224.

d) GERARD [I] de Hainaut (-1246 or after). 1225/46. Seigneur de la Longueville. Seneschal de Hainaut.

- SEIGNEURS de WERCHIN.

e) GAUTIER de Hainaut . 1207/37. Abbot of Hasnon.

f) AGNES de Hainaut .

g) PHILIPPA de Hainaut . Nun in 1219

12. GERARD (-after 12 Dec 1205). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Provost of Saint-Pierre at Lille 1193/1205. Provost of Saint-Audomar 1195. Provost of St Donat at Bruges 1195/1205. Chancellor of Flanders 1196-1205.

Chapter 4. COMTES de HAINAUT 1191-1244

MARGUERITE I 1191-1194, BAUDOUIN VIII 1191-1195

BAUDOUIN de Hainaut, son of BAUDOUIN IV “le Bâtisseur” Comte de Hainaut & his wife Alice de Namur (1150-Mons 17 Dec 1195). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Balduinum primum, Godefridum secundum, Balduinum tercium, Heinricum quartam" as the sons of "Alidis comitissa Hanonensis …cum viro Balduino comite"[293]. The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names "Balduinum" as son of "Hainoensi comiti Balduino" and his wife Alice, specifying that he married "Margaretam filiam Theoderici Flandrensis comitis" and had children (unnamed)[294]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "comitem Balduinum, Henricum de Seburgo et quatuor sorores" as children of "comiti Balduini de Haynaco"[295]. "Comite Hanoniensis nepote suo [=[Heinricum] comes Namurencis] ex sorore" is referred to, but not named, in a contemporary report on the fire at the abbey of Gembloux[296]. He succeeded his father in 1171 as BAUDOUIN V Comte de Hainaut, and as heir to Henri Comte de Namur et de Luxembourg. He supported Philippe II King of France when war broke out with Philippe Count of Flanders in 1183 over the inheritance of the counties of Vermandois and Valois[297]. After the unexpected birth in 1186 of Ermesinde, daughter of Henri Comte de Namur et de Luxembourg, the latter revoked his assurance concerning Baudouin's succession in these two counties. In 1188, Comte Henri was obliged to reinstate Baudouin as his heir after a verdict in the latter's favour from Heinrich VI King of Germany. Comte Baudouin attacked Namur, captured Comte Henri and obtained a confirmation of his position from Emperor Friedrich I who also secretly created him Marquis de Namur. Under a compromise reached in 1190, Baudouin received Namur immediately, and the expectation of Laroche and Durbuy after the death of Henri; the fate of Luxembourg was not mentioned. The creation of the Marquisate of Namur, and the elevation of Baudouin as Marquis de Namur, was announced at Worms in 1190[298]. "Ludovici advocate Hasbanie" sold the advocacy of Flône, and other rights relating to churches of Liège, to "domino comiti Hainoensi…Balduino", by charter dated 1190, witnessed by "Wilhelmus frater comitis Hainoensis, Alardus de Cimai, Nicholaus de Barbentione…"[299]. Although designated as successor in Flanders by his brother-in-law Philippe Count of Flanders, Philippe II King of France claimed in 1191 that Flanders escheated to the French crown in default of male heirs on the death of Count Philippe. The settlement was mediated by the Archbishop of Reims and formalised in the Treaty of Arras[300]. Comte Baudouin was eventually enfeoffed as BAUDOUIN VIII Count of Flanders 1 Mar 1192, by right of his wife, on payment of 5,000 silver marks to the French king and doing homage to Emperor Heinrich VI King of Germany for the imperial part of Flanders[301]. On the death of his wife in 1194, Baudouin lost Flanders which was inherited by their oldest son. The necrology of Brogne records the death "XVI Kal Jan" of "Balduinus comes Hannonie"[302].

m (Apr 1169) as her second husband, MARGUERITE de Flandre, widow of RAOUL [II] Comte de Vermandois, daughter of THIERRY I Count of Flanders & his second wife Sibylle d'Anjou ([1145]-15 Nov 1194). The Chronicon Hanoniense records the marriage "tempore Paschali mense April 1169" of "Balduinus" and "Margharetam…Mathie comitis Boloniensis sororem"[303]. She succeeded her brother in 1191 as MARGUERITE I Ctss of Flanders. The necrology of Brogne records the death "XV Kal Dec" of "Margareta comitissa Hainonensis"[304].

Count Baudouin VIII & his wife had seven children:

1. BAUDOUIN de Hainaut (Jul 1171-in prison in Bulgaria 11 Jun 1205). The Chronicon Hanoniense records the birth "1171 mense Iulio…Valencenis" of "filium…Balduinum" to "Balduinus [et] Margharetam…Mathie comitis Boloniensis sororem"[305]. He succeeded his mother in 1194 as BAUDOUIN IX Count of Flanders, and his father in 1195 as BAUDOUIN VI Comte de Hainaut.

- see below.

2. other children: see FLANDERS.

BAUDOUIN IX 1194-1205, JEANNE 1205-1244

BAUDOUIN de Hainaut, son of BAUDOUIN V Comte de Hainaut [BAUDOUIN VIII Count of Flanders] & his wife Marguerite I Ctss of Flanders (Jul 1171-in prison in Bulgaria 11 Jun 1205). The Chronicon Hanoniense records the birth "1171 mense Iulio…Valencenis" of "filium…Balduinum" to "Balduinus [et] Margharetam…Mathie comitis Boloniensis sororem"[306]. He succeeded his mother in 1194 as BAUDOUIN IX Count of Flanders, and his father in 1195 as BAUDOUIN VI Comte de Hainaut. Under the Treaty of Dinant 26 Jul 1199, he acquired Namur. He did homage to Philippe II King of France for Flanders and Hainaut, but then allied himself with Richard I King of England in Sep 1197. War broke out with France, and by end 1198 Count Baudouin had overrun northern Artois[307]. He was obliged to agree the Treaty of Péronne with France in Jan 1200 to secure the release of his brother Philippe de Namur from French custody, agreeing to give up his alliance with England but receiving Saint-Omer, Aire and Guines in return[308]. He was among the first leaders to take the cross following the call of Pope Innocent III. A Flemish fleet arrived at Acre end 1202 under the command of Jean de Nesle, châtelain de Bruges[309]. After the army of the Fourth Crusade took control of Constantinople 13 Apr 1204, a council of 6 Venetians and 6 Franks met to elect a new Latin Emperor, as agreed in the Acti Partitio Imperii Romanae the previous March between the crusaders and Venice. The votes of the Venetian block of electors ensured the success of Count Baudouin over his rival, Bonifazio Marchese di Monferrato, Enrico Dandolo Doge of Venice considering him the less powerful candidate[310]. At the same time, in accordance with the terms of the March treaty, Tomaso Morosini (from Venice) was installed as first Latin patriarch of Constantinople, his first task being to crown Baudouin as BAUDOUIN I Emperor of Constantinople at St Sophia 16 May 1204. His title was Basileus Romaion, the same as borne by his predecessor Byzantine emperors[311]. The constitution which was adopted gave little power to the emperor, whose decisions were subject to review by a council of tenants-in-chief which also directed military operations[312]. The new patriarch declared the union of the Catholic and Orthodox churches, but the Greek aristocracy in Thrace rebelled. Kalojan Tsar of Bulgaria intervened, defeated Baudouin near Adrianople 14 Apr 1205, and captured and transported him as a prisoner to Bulgaria where he died in prison soon after[313]. When news of Count Baudouin's death reached Flanders in Feb 1206, Philippe II King of France assumed his right as feudal overlord to the wardship of his two daughters[314].

Count Baudouin IX of Flanders & his wife had two children:

1. JEANNE de Flandre (Valenciennes 1200-Marquette near Lille 5 Dec 1244, bur Marquette). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names (in order) "Iohannam et Margaretam" as the two daughters of "Balduinus"[315]. She succeeded her father as JEANNE Ctss of Flanders and Ctss de Hainaut in Feb 1206 when news of his death reached Flanders, under the regency of her uncle Philippe Marquis de Namur.

2. MARGUERITE de Flandre (2 Jun 1202-10 Feb 1280). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names (in order) "Iohannam et Margaretam" as the two daughters of "Balduinus"[316]. She succeeded her sister in 1244 as MARGUERITE II Ctss of Flanders and Ctss de Hainaut, both her husbands having died. Her children by her first marriage claimed their inheritance, but Louis IX King of France ruled in 1246 that Hainaut should be given to the Avesnes children and Flanders to the Dampierre children[317]. She abdicated 29 Dec 1278 in favour of her son Guy de Dampierre. The Necrologio Sanctæ Waldetrudis records the death "IV Id Feb" of "Margarete Flandrie et Hanonie…comitisse"[318]. m firstly (before 23 Jul 1212, annulled 1215, separated [1221]) BOUCHARD d'Avesnes, son of JACQUES Seigneur d'Avesnes, de Leuze et de Condé & his wife Adeline de Guise ([1180]-1244, bur Clairefontaine). He is named as first husband of Marguerite by Matthew of Paris in his description of the background to the war in Flanders in 1254[319]. m secondly ([18 Aug/15 Nov] 1223) GUILLAUME [II] Seigneur de Dampierre, son of GUY [II] Seigneur de Dampierre, Sire de Bourbon & his wife Mathilde de Bourbon, dame de Bourbon (after 1196-3 Sep 1231). He is named as second husband of Marguerite by Matthew of Paris in his description of the background to the war in Flanders in 1254[320].

Chapter 5. COMTES de HAINAUT 1244-1356 (AVESNES)

JEAN I 1218-1257

JEAN d'Avesnes, son of BOUCHARD d'Avesnes & his wife Marguerite II Ctss of Flanders, Ctss de Hainaut (Apr 1218-24 Dec 1257, bur Valenciennes). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "Iohannem et Balduinem" as the two sons of "Buchardi Avenennsis [et] Margaretæ"[321]. His date of birth is indicated by the charter dated Jan [1234/35] under which Louis IX King of France records that “Johannes, Burchardi de Avesnis militis filius” was 16 years old “mense aprili preterito”[322]. His parentage is recorded by Matthew of Paris in his description of the background to the war in Flanders in 1254[323]. He and his brother were brought up in France after his parents separated, considered illegitimate because of the Papal annulment of their marriage. After his mother succeeded in 1244 as Ctss of Flanders and Hainaut, Jean claimed his inheritance. Louis IX King of France ruled in 1246 that Jean should receive Hainaut while Flanders should go to his Dampierre half-brother[324]. He therefore succeeded in 1246 as JEAN I Comte de Hainaut. He attempted unsuccessfully to obtain imperial recognition of his claim to Flanders but accepted the 1246 decision when Willem II Count of Holland received homage, as king of Germany, for imperial Flanders from Guillaume de Dampierre[325]. He and his brother were legitimated by the Pope in 1251, on the request of their mother[326]. His mother offered the county of Hainaut to Charles de France Comte d'Anjou in order to obtain his military intervention against Willem II Count of Holland. Comte Charles besieged Valenciennes, but a truce was negotiated between all parties 26 Jul 1254, which included an agreement to submit the dispute to Louis IX King of France for adjudication[327]. King Louis required his brother to renounce any claim to Hainaut in his judgment of 1256[328].

m (9 Oct 1246) ALEIDE of Holland, daughter of FLORIS IV Count of Holland & his wife Mathilde de Brabant (-1 Mar/7 Apr 1284). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Wilhelmum Romanorum regem, Florencium presidem, Adelheidim Hannonie, et Machtildim Hennenbergie comitissas" as children of Count Floris IV & his wife[329]. The Genealogia Ducum Brabantiæ Heredum Franciæ names "Willelmum regem Romanorum et Florentium et Aleydem comitissam Hanonie et Margaretam comitissam de Hinneberga" as children of "Florentius comes Hollandie" & his wife Mathilde[330]. Regent of Holland 1258-1263. The testament of "Aleidis germana felicis recordationis domini Willelmi Romanorum regis et uxor condam domini Johannis de Avennis" is dated 18 Oct 1271 and provides for religious donations[331].

Jean & his wife had [eight] children:

1. JEAN de Hainaut (1247-22 Aug 1304). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the succession in 1299 of "Iohannes comes Hannoniensis filius Adelheydis sororis Wilhelmi regis" as Count of Holland[332]. He succeeded his paternal grandmother in 1280 as JEAN II Comte de Hainaut. He succeeded in 1299 as JAN II Count of Holland.

- see below.

2. BAUDOUIN de Hainaut . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1299.

3. BOUCHARD de Hainaut (26 May 1251-29 Nov 1296). The testament of "Aleidis germana felicis recordationis domini Willelmi Romanorum regis et uxor condam domini Johannis de Avennis", dated 18 Oct 1271, names "Buchardum filium meum prepositum Beate Marie Trajectensis"[333]. Canon at Cambrai and Liège 1282. Provost of St Lambert at Liège 1286. Provost at Maastricht. Archdeacon of Louvain. Bishop of Metz 1283. Bouchard had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

a) ELISABETH . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. m (1319) STEVEN van der Weyden, son of ---.

4. GUY de Hainaut ([1253]-28 May 1317, bur Utrecht Cathedral). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names "Guidoni fratri suo" after recording the succession in 1299 of "Iohannes comes Hannoniensis filius Adelheydis sororis Wilhelmi regis" as Count of Holland[334]. Archdeacon 1281/92. Provost of St Lambert 1282/1301. He was elected Bishop of Liège in 1292. Bishop of Utrecht 1301-1317. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "greve Jan van Henegouen, Hollant, Selant…synnen broeder Guido, tresorier bynnen Luik" was installed as forty-second bishop of Utrecht in 1301, died 29 Mar 1317 and was buried in Utrecht cathedral[335]. Guy had four illegitimate children by unknown mistress (the primary sources which confirm their parentage and marriages have not yet been identified):

a) MARIE ([1291]-after 1 Sep 1344). m AREND van Amstel, son of --- ([1291]-).

b) ALEID (-1347). m (1316) OTTO [II] van Asperen, son of ---.

c) ALEID . Nun.

d) GEERTRUID . m PIETER van den Vlieten, son of --- (-before 1324).

5. GUILLAUME de Hainaut ([1254]-1296). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Bishop of Cambrai 1286.

6. FLORENT de Hainaut ([1255]-Andravida 23 Jan 1297). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Heer van Schiedam 1268. Bailli of South Holland 7 Sep 1271. Stadhouder of Zeeland 31 Mar 1272. Seigneur de Braine-le-Comte et de Hal en Hainaut 1287. Constable of the kingdom of Sicily and Vicar-General of Corfu 1289-1290. His marriage was proposed to Charles II King of Sicily by barons in Achaia who were dissatisfied with the succession of baillis appointed to govern Achaia on behalf of the king and wished for a permanently resident prince. The king agreed on condition that, if Isabelle survived Florent, neither she nor any female descendant would remarry without his consent, otherwise Achaia would revert to the Sicilian crown[336]. He was invested as FLORENT Prince of Achaia by King Charles in 1289, jointly with his wife, at the time of their marriage[337]. His reign in Achaia was marked by a period of stability after he negotiated a seven-year truce with the Byzantines of Mistra[338]. m (16 Sep 1289) as her second husband, ISABELLE de Villehardouin Pss of Achaia, widow of PHILIPPE of Sicily King of Thessaloniki, daughter and heiress of GUILLAUME II de Villehardouin “le Grand Dent” Prince of Achaia & his third wife Anna Angela Komnena ([1260/3]-23 Jan 1312). The Livre de la Conqueste de la Morée records the marriage of “madame Ysabeau la dame de la Morée” and “monseignor Florant…de Haynaut”[339]. She was invested as ISABELLE Pss of Achaia by Charles II King of Sicily in 1289, jointly with her second husband, at the time of their marriage[340]. She married thirdly (12 Feb 1301) Philippe de Savoie Signore del Piemonte (-25 Sep 1334). Florent & his wife had one child:

a) MATHILDE de Hainaut (29 Nov 1293-Aversa 1331). The Livre de la Conqueste de la Morée records that “Guis”, son of “li duc Guillerme d´Atthenes” and “la fille de quir Thodre sevastocratora, le frere bastard du despot de l´Arte”, married “madame Mehaulte la fille du prince Florant et de madame Ysabeau la princesse de Achaye”[341]. The Istoria of Marino Sanudo Torsello records that "miser Guido", son of "miser Guglielmo…della Rocia [Duca]", married "la figlia del principe Florenzò d´Anoldo", adding that her dowry was "la castellania de Calamata"[342]. The primary sources which confirm her second, third and fourth marriages have not yet been identified. She succeeded her father in 1297 as Dame de Braine-le-Comte et de Hal. Her mother affirmed her own and her daughter's rights over Achaia at Valenciennes 29 Apr 1311. Her betrothal to Charles di Tarento was terminated in 1313 by Charles's father to enable Mathilde to marry Louis de Bourgogne, titular king of Thessaloniki, the match being designed to appease Hugues V Duke of Burgundy whose betrothed Catherine de Valois Charles wished to marry himself[343]. Philippe Principe di Tarento [Anjou-Sicily] transferred his rights to Achaia to Mathilde, who transferred them in turn to her second husband. Her third marriage was forced on her by Philippe Principe di Tarento, who aimed to keep Achaia within his own family[344]. Her third husband declared her rights to Achaia forfeited in 1322 after she confessed to having contracted a secret (bigamous) fourth marriage. He imprisoned her at the Château de l’Œuf at Naples, transferring her to the castle of Aversa in 1328. m firstly (before Sep 1304) GUY II de la Roche Duke of Athens, son of GUILLAUME Duke of Athens & his wife Helena Komnenodukaina (-5 Oct 1308). Betrothed (Thebes 2 Apr 1309) to CHARLES di Tarento, son of PHILIPPE of Sicily Principe di Tarento, Despot of Romania & his first wife Thamar Angelina Komnene Dukaina of Epirus ([1296]-killed in battle Montecatini, between Pistoia and Lucca 29 Aug 1315). m secondly (contract 6 Apr 1313, 31 Jul 1313) LOUIS de Bourgogne titular King of Thessaloniki, son of ROBERT II Duke of Burgundy & his wife Agnès de France (1297-2 Aug 1316, bur Abbaye de Cîteaux). m thirdly (Mar 1318, Papal dispensation 29 Mar 1318, divorced 1321) JEAN of Sicily Conte di Gravina, son of CHARLES II King of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] & his wife Maria of Hungary (1294-Naples 1336, bur Naples). m fourthly (bigamously, divorced) HUGO de La Palice, son of ---. No issue.

7. JEANNE de Hainaut (-1304). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Abbess of Flines 1276.

8. [MARGUERITE de Hainaut . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m BAUDOUIN de Péronne, son of ---.]

JEAN II 1257-1304

JEAN de Hainaut, son of JEAN I Comte de Hainaut & his wife Aleide of Holland (1247-22 Aug 1304). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the succession in 1299 of "Iohannes comes Hannoniensis filius Adelheydis sororis Wilhelmi regis" as Count of Holland[345]. He succeeded his paternal grandmother in 1280 as JEAN II Comte de Hainaut. He succeeded in 1299 as JAN II Count of Holland.

m ([1265]) PHILIPPINE de Luxembourg, daughter of HENRI II "le Blond" Comte de Luxembourg & his wife Marguerite de Bar ([1252]-6 Apr 1311). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the marriage of Count Jean and "Philippam filiam comitis Lucemburgie"[346].

Comte Jean II & his wife had twelve children (the order of these children shown here is approximately as set out in Europäische Stammtafeln[347], although as will be seen this differs considerably from the order set out in the Chronologia Johannes de Beke which is quoted in full below):

1. JEAN de Hainaut (-killed in battle near Courtrai 11 Jul 1302). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Iohannem primogenitum, Wilhelmum succedentem Hollandie comitem, Iohannem de Bellomonte, dominum Henricum Cameracensem canonicum, domicellum Walravenum, Iohannam abbatissam Fontanalecensem, Margareta comitissam Atrabatensem, Adelheydim comitissam Claromontensem, Mariam comitissam de Berbenoys, Machtildim dominam de Niele" as children of Count Jean & his wife[348]. Seigneur de Beaumont 1299. Graf van Oostrevant 1299. Betrothed (1296) to BLANCHE de France, daughter of PHILIPPE III "le Hardi" King of France & his second wife Marie de Brabant (1278-Vienna 14 Mar 1306, bur Vienna, Minoritenkirche). The primary source which confirms her parentage and betrothal has not yet been identified.

2. HENRI de Hainaut (-1303). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Iohannem primogenitum, Wilhelmum succedentem Hollandie comitem, Iohannem de Bellomonte, dominum Henricum Cameracensem canonicum, domicellum Walravenum, Iohannam abbatissam Fontanalecensem, Margareta comitissam Atrabatensem, Adelheydim comitissam Claromontensem, Mariam comitissam de Berbenoys, Machtildim dominam de Niele" as children of Count Jean & his wife[349]. Canon in Cambrai.

3. MARGUERITE de Hainaut (-19 Oct 1342, bur Valenciennes, église des Cordeliers). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Iohannem primogenitum, Wilhelmum succedentem Hollandie comitem, Iohannem de Bellomonte, dominum Henricum Cameracensem canonicum, domicellum Walravenum, Iohannam abbatissam Fontanalecensem, Margareta comitissam Atrabatensem, Adelheydim comitissam Claromontensem, Mariam comitissam de Berbenoys, Machtildim dominam de Niele" as children of Count Jean & his wife[350]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that "Robertus comes Attrebati" married "filiam Johannis Hanoniæ" as his third wife[351]. m (18 Oct 1298) as his third wife, ROBERT II Comte d'Artois, son of ROBERT I “le Bon/le Vaillant” Comte d'Artois & his wife Mathilde de Brabant (posthumously Sep 1250-killed in battle Courtrai 11 Jul 1302, bur Abbaye de Maubuisson).

4. ALIX de Hainaut (-26 Oct 1317). The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage of "Rogerus Bigot comes Norfolchiæ et marescallus Angliæ" and "Aliciam filiam Johannis de Areynes comitis Agennogiæ"[352]. m (1290) as his second wife, ROGER Bigod Earl of Norfolk, son of HUGH Bigod & his wife Joan de Stuteville ([1243/46]-6 Dec 1306). No issue.

5. ISABELLE de Hainaut (-Dec 1305). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Iohannem primogenitum, Wilhelmum succedentem Hollandie comitem, Iohannem de Bellomonte, dominum Henricum Cameracensem canonicum, domicellum Walravenum, Iohannam abbatissam Fontanalecensem, Margareta comitissam Atrabatensem, Adelheydim comitissam Claromontensem, Mariam comitissam de Berbenoys, Machtildim dominam de Niele" as children of Count Jean & his wife[353], although there appears to be some confusion among the daughters listed. m (Jan 1296) RAOUL de Clermont Seigneur de Nesle et de Brios (-killed in battle near Courtrai 11 Jul 1302).

6. JEANNE de Hainaut . The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Iohannem primogenitum, Wilhelmum succedentem Hollandie comitem, Iohannem de Bellomonte, dominum Henricum Cameracensem canonicum, domicellum Walravenum, Iohannam abbatissam Fontanalecensem, Margareta comitissam Atrabatensem, Adelheydim comitissam Claromontensem, Mariam comitissam de Berbenoys, Machtildim dominam de Niele" as children of Count Jean & his wife[354]. Nun at Fontenelles 1303.

7. GUILLAUME de Hainaut ([1286]-7 Jun 1337). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Iohannem primogenitum, Wilhelmum succedentem Hollandie comitem, Iohannem de Bellomonte, dominum Henricum Cameracensem canonicum, domicellum Walravenum, Iohannam abbatissam Fontanalecensem, Margareta comitissam Atrabatensem, Adelheydim comitissam Claromontensem, Mariam comitissam de Berbenoys, Machtildim dominam de Niele" as children of Count Jean & his wife[355]. He succeeded his father in 1304 as GUILLAUME III Comte de Hainaut, WILLEM III Count of Holland.

- see below.

8. JEAN de Hainaut ([1288]-11 Mar 1356). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Iohannem primogenitum, Wilhelmum succedentem Hollandie comitem, Iohannem de Bellomonte, dominum Henricum Cameracensem canonicum, domicellum Walravenum, Iohannam abbatissam Fontanalecensem, Margareta comitissam Atrabatensem, Adelheydim comitissam Claromontensem, Mariam comitissam de Berbenoys, Machtildim dominam de Niele" as children of Count Jean & his wife[356]. Seigneur de Beaumont. m (shortly before 23 Jan 1317) MARGUERITE de Nesle Ctss de Soissons, daughter and heiress of HUGUES de Nesle Comte de Soissons & his wife --- (-Oct 1350). Jean & his wife had five children (whose parentage and marriages have not yet been confirmed in primary sources so far consulted):

a) JEAN de Beaumont . Canon at Cambrai 1331.

b) JEANNE de Beaumont (1323-[16/31] Dec 1350). She succeeded her mother in 1350 as Ctss de Soissons and Dame de Chimay. She died of the plague. m firstly (5/10 Nov 1336) LOUIS de Châtillon Comte de Blois (-killed in battle Crécy 26 Aug 1346). Comte de Soissons 1336 by right of his wife. m secondly (before 13 Feb 1348) GUILLAUME I "le Riche" Marquis de Namur, son of JEAN I Comte de Namur & his second wife Marie d'Artois (1324-1 Oct 1391, bur Namur, couvent des Franciscains).

c) GUILLAUME de Beaumont . Canon at Cambrai 1327, at Le Mans before 1330 and at Beauvais 1330.

d) AMAURY de Beaumont . Canon at Cambrai before 1329. Canon at Dole, and at Tours 1339.

e) RENAUD de Beaumont . Canon at Cambrai 1343.

Jean had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses (whose parentage and marriages have not yet been confirmed in primary sources so far consulted):

f) JEAN ([1319]-1370). Seigneur de Rieu. m MACHTILD van Borsselen, daughter of ---.

g) JEANNE . Nun.

9. WALERAN de Hainaut . The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Iohannem primogenitum, Wilhelmum succedentem Hollandie comitem, Iohannem de Bellomonte, dominum Henricum Cameracensem canonicum, domicellum Walravenum, Iohannam abbatissam Fontanalecensem, Margareta comitissam Atrabatensem, Adelheydim comitissam Claromontensem, Mariam comitissam de Berbenoys, Machtildim dominam de Niele" as children of Count Jean & his wife[357].

10. MARIE de Hainaut ([1280-Château de Murat en Bourbonnais Sep 1354, bur Champaigue, near Souvigny, église des Cordeliers). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Iohannem primogenitum, Wilhelmum succedentem Hollandie comitem, Iohannem de Bellomonte, dominum Henricum Cameracensem canonicum, domicellum Walravenum, Iohannam abbatissam Fontanalecensem, Margareta comitissam Atrabatensem, Adelheydim comitissam Claromontensem, Mariam comitissam de Berbenoys, Machtildim dominam de Niele" as children of Count Jean & his wife[358], although there appears to be some confusion among the daughters listed. The Continuatio of the Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records the marriage in 1310 of "Ludovicus Roberti Clarimontis filius" and "sororem comitis Hannoniæ"[359]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 8 Feb 1381 under which her daughter "Johanna de Borbonio comitissa Forensis, filia Ludovici quondam ducis Borbonii et dominæ Mariæ de Henaut, eiusdem domini Ludovici consortis" founded masses at the church des Cordeliers de Montbrison[360]. m (contract Jun 1310, Pontoise, Val d'Oise Sep 1310) LOUIS de Clermont, son of ROBERT de France Comte de Clermont Sire de Bourbon & his wife Béatrix dame de Bourbon (Clermont 1279[361]-29 Jan or 10 Feb 1342, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). He was called "Louis Monsieur". He succeeded his mother in 1310 as Sire de Bourbon. He was created Duc de Bourbon in 1327.

11. SIMON de Hainaut . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1303.

12. MATHILDE de Hainaut . The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Iohannem primogenitum, Wilhelmum succedentem Hollandie comitem, Iohannem de Bellomonte, dominum Henricum Cameracensem canonicum, domicellum Walravenum, Iohannam abbatissam Fontanalecensem, Margareta comitissam Atrabatensem, Adelheydim comitissam Claromontensem, Mariam comitissam de Berbenoys, Machtildim dominam de Niele" as children of Count Jean & his wife[362], although there appears to be some confusion among the daughters listed. Abbess of Nivelles.

Comte Jean II had five illegitimate children by unknown mistresses (whose parentage and marriages have not yet been confirmed in primary sources so far consulted):

13. SIMON (-1356). Seigneur de Bruyelle.

- VAN BRUELIS.

14. WILLEM de Cuser . 1358. m firstly IDA van Oosterwijk, daughter of ---. m secondly MACHTELD van Heemstede, daughter of ---. Willem & his second wife had two children:

a) COENRAAD Cuser van Oosterwijk (-before 1407). m CLEMENTIA Gerrit Boelendochter vrouwe van Sloten (-1402). Coenraad & his wife had three children:

i) WILLEM . 1392.

ii) IDA . Vrouw van Oosterwijk. m ([1370/71]) JAN Herpertsz. van Foreest, son of --- (-1413).

iii) ---. m YSBRAND van Spaarnwoude Dirksz. (-1415).

b) MEYNE . m CLAAS van Swieten, son of --- .

15. HENDRIK . 1359. m ---. The name of Hendrik's wife is not known. Hendrik & his wife had one child:

a) MARGRIET . m (1376) HENDRIK Jansz. van Oesterlanden, son of JAN & his wife --- (-1404).

16. ALEID (-1351). m firstly ([1312]) WOLFARD [II] van Borselen, son of WOLFARD [I] Heer van Borselen & his first wife Cibilie de Randerode (-[30 May 1316/6 Apr 1317]). m secondly (1317) OTTO Heer van Buren, son of --- (-before 1326).

17. IDA (-1351).

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

GUILLAUME III 1304-1337, GUILLAUME IV 1337-1345, MARGUERITE II 1345-1354

GUILLAUME de Hainaut, son of JEAN II Comte de Hainaut [JAN II Count of Holland] & his wife Philippine de Luxembourg ([1286]-7 Jun 1337). The Chronologia Johannes de Beke names (in order) "Iohannem primogenitum, Wilhelmum succedentem Hollandie comitem, Iohannem de Bellomonte, dominum Henricum Cameracensem canonicum, domicellum Walravenum, Iohannam abbatissam Fontanalecensem, Margareta comitissam Atrabatensem, Adelheydim comitissam Claromontensem, Mariam comitissam de Berbenoys, Machtildim dominam de Niele" as children of Count Jean & his wife[363]. He succeeded his father in 1304 as GUILLAUME III "le Bon" Comte de Hainaut, WILLEM III Count of Holland.

m (19 May 1305) JEANNE de Valois, daughter of CHARLES Comte de Valois [Capet] & his first wife Marguerite of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] ([1294]-Abbaye de Fontenelles, Hainaut 7 Mar 1352, bur Abbaye de Fontenelles). She became a nun at Fontenelles as a widow.

Mistress (1): TRUDE Boudijnsdotter van de Poule, daughter of BOUDEWIJN & his wife ---.

Comte Guillaume III & his wife had eight children:

1. MARGUERITE de Hainaut (24 Jun 1310-Le Quesnoy 23 Jun 1356, bur Valenciennes). The Willelmi Capellani in Brederode Chronicon ("Procurator") records the betrothal of "Willelmus comes Hollandie binas filias", adding "quarum prima" (unnamed) was betrothed to "regi Germanie", dated to 1323 from the context[364]. The same source records the marriages of the same two daughters taking place at Köln 26 Feb 1324[365]. Prior to this, negotiations took place between 1318 and 1321 for Marguerite to marry the future Edward III King of England, who later married Marguerite´s younger sister Philippa, but the betrothal did not proceed because of Papal opposition: Edward II King of England requested Papal dispensation for the marriage of his son Edward to Marguerite de Hainaut dated 10 Dec 1318 and 9 Nov 1320; Bishop Walter Stapeldon´s report dated [Jan/Mar] 1318, after visiting the court of Hainaut, records that "the daughter of the count Hainault" (unnamed) would be nine years old on "St John´s day next te come", indicating her birth 24 Jun 1310; limited Papal dispensation was granted 25 Apr 1321 for Guillaume Comte de Hainaut to marry his daughter to a relative of 3^o or 4^o consanguinity, with the exception of the son of the king of England[366]. The contract of marriage between Marguerite and Ludwig IV Duke of Bavaria is dated 15 Aug 1323[367]. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records the marriage "apud Aquisgranum" of "Wilhelmus comes Hollandie…Margaretam filiam suam" and "Ludovico duci Bavarie, imperatori Romanorum"[368]. The History of Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven records that "dominus Ludewicus et rex Anglie et marchio Iuliacensis" had married "tres…sorores…fillies comitis Hannonie sive Hollandie"[369]. She succeeded her brother in 1345 as MARGUERITE II Ctss de Hainaut, MARGARETA Ctss of Holland and Zeeland. She abdicated 7 Dec 1354. m (contract 15 Aug 1323, Köln [25 or 26 Feb] 1324) as his second wife, LUDWIG IV Duke of Bavaria King of Germany, son of LUDWIG II "der Strenge" Joint-Duke of Bavaria & his third wife Mechtild von Habsburg ([Feb/Mar] 1282-Puch bei Fürstenfeldbruck 11 Oct 1347, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau). Crowned King of Italy at Milan 31 May 1327. Crowned Emperor LUDWIG at Rome 17 Jan 1328.

- see below, Chapter 5. COMTES de HAINAUT 1354-1436 (WITTELSBACH).

2. JEANNE de Hainaut ([1311/13]-1374). "Guillaumes cuens de Haynau, de Hollande, de Zeelande, et sires de Frize" and "Gherars cuens de Julers" agreed the marriage of "Jehane fille a…conte Guillaume" and "Guillaume fil a…conte Gherart" by charter dated 24 Jun 1317, witnessed by "…nos…cousins Renaut conte de Ghelre et Renaut son filz…"[370]. The Willelmi Capellani in Brederode Chronicon ("Procurator") records the betrothal of "Willelmus comes Hollandie binas filias", adding that "secunda" (unnamed) was betrothed to "juveni…Juliacensis…comitis filio", dated to 1323 from the context[371]. The same source records the marriages of the same two daughters taking place at Köln 26 Feb 1324[372]. The History of Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven records that "dominus Ludewicus et rex Anglie et marchio Iuliacensis" had married "tres…sorores…fillies comitis Hannonie sive Hollandie"[373]. Froissart names "Jehane et…Issabiel" as the sisters of "Phelippe…roine d´Engleterre", adding in a later passage that "Jehanne…estoit contesse de Jullers"[374]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. m firstly (Köln [25 or 26 Feb] 1324) WILHELM [V] von Jülich, son of GERHARD Graf von Jülich & his first wife --- de Kessel (-26 Feb 1362). He succeeded in 1328 as Graf von Jülich. Markgraf von Jülich 1336. Duke of Jülich 1357. m secondly BAUDOUIN [III] de Thiennes, son of ---.

3. JEAN ([1311/16]-1316). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

4. PHILIPPA de Hainaut ([25 Jan/early Feb 1314]-Windsor Castle 15 Aug 1369, bur Westminster Abbey). The question of Philippa´s birth date has been studied by Bert M. Kamp who concluded that she was born "about 1314", bearing in mind the series of documents quoted above which indicate the earlier negotiations for the betrothal of her future husband to her oldest sister Marguerite[375]. The History of Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven records that "dominus Ludewicus et rex Anglie et marchio Iuliacensis" had married "tres…sorores…fillies comitis Hannonie sive Hollandie"[376]. Froissart records the marriage in "1327" [presumably O.S.] of "li jones rois Edouwars" and "Phelippe de Hainnau" in "l´eglise cathedral, que on dist de Saint Guillaume", adding that the king was 17 years old and "la joine roine sus le point de quatorze ans"[377]. Assuming that the last passage should be interpreted as meaning that Philippa was nearly, but not yet, 14 years old, it would place her birth in late January or early February 1314. However, the text may not be totally reliable as King Edward would only have been 16 years old at the time of the marriage if his birth is correctly stated as 13 Nov 1312 as shown below. m (Betrothed 1326, by proxy Valenciennes 28 Oct 1327, York Minster 24 Jan 1328) EDWARD III King of England, son of EDWARD II King of England & his wife Isabelle de France (Windsor Castle 13 Nov 1312-Sheen Palace, near Richmond, Surrey 21 Jun 1377, bur Westminster Abbey).

5. GUILLAUME de Hainaut (1317-killed in battle near Staveren 26 Sep 1345). Froissart names "Guillaume de Hainnau" as brother of "Phelippe…roine d´Engleterre"[378]. He succeeded his father in 1337 as GUILLAUME IV Comte de Hainaut, WILLEM IV Count of Holland. The History of Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven records that "comes Hannonie et Hollandie" was killed "per Frisones" in 1345 "non relinquens heredem", recording that he was survived by his three sisters[379]. m (before 27 Nov 1334) as her first husband, JEANNE de Brabant, daughter of JEAN III Duke of Brabant & his wife Marie d'Evreux (24 Jun 1322-Brussels 1 Dec 1406, bur Brussels Carmelite Church). She succeeded her father in 1355 as Dss of Brabant and Limburg. She married secondly (contract Damvillers 17 May 1351, dispensation 3^o Avignon 8 Aug 1351, Mar 1352) Wenzel of Bohemia, who succeeded as Comte de Luxembourg in 1353, created Duke of Luxembourg in 1354. He succeeded in 1355 as Duke of Brabant and Limburg, Markgraf van Antwerpen, by right of his wife. Comte Guillaume IV & his wife had one child:

a) GUILLAUME (-young).

Comte Guillaume IV had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

b) ADAM van Berwaerde . m AGNIESE, daughter of GIJSEKIJN van Ammers & his wife ---. Adam & his wife had three children:

i) GIJSKIJN van Berwaerde (-1409). Heer van Diepenburch. m firstly CATHARINA, daughter of ---. m secondly ELISABETH van Reimerswaal, daughter of CLAAS van Reimerswaal & his wife --- (-[1392]). Gijskijn & his wife had two children:

(a) CLAAS van Berwaerde (-1440). Heer van Diepenburch en Kortenbosch. m ALIJT van Swieten, daughter of BOUDEWIJN van Swieten & his wife --- (-1467).

(b) WILLEM van Berwaerde (-before 1423). Heer van Diepenburch.

ii) PETER van Berwaerde (-1440). m (1421) LIJSBETH, daughter of JAN Pape Mondijnsz & his wife ---. (-1457). Peter & his wife had three children:

(a) CLAAS van Berwaerde (-before 1463).

(b) JAN van Berwaerde . Priest 1463.

iii) WILLEM van Berwaerde .

c) JAN van Henegouwen . Heer van Vlissingen. m (1388) MECHTILD Gerritsd. van Borsselen. Jan & his wife had one child:

i) MARGRIET van Henegouwen (-1422). m WOLFERT van Reimerswaal, son of ---.

6. AGNES de Hainaut (-after 24 Dec 1327).

7. ISABELLE de Hainaut ([1323]-3 Jun 1361). Froissart names "Jehane et…Issabiel" as the sisters of "Phelippe…roine d´Engleterre"[380]. Froissart records that "li comtez de Hannau" betrothed "madamme Ysabiel sa fille à l´ainnet fil le ducq de Braibant" but that Philippe VI King of France broke the engagement[381]. Froissart records that "le conte de Hainau…[sa fille] maisnée Yzabel" married "messire Robert de Namur et fu dame de Renais en Flandres et de Bieaufort sur Meuse" long after the death of her father[382]. Betrothed ([1330/31]) to JEAN de Brabant, son of JEAN III Duke of Brabant & his wife Marie d'Evreux [Capet] (24 Nov 1327-1335/6, bur Tervueren).. m (Dispensation 18 Oct 1354) ROBERT de Namur Seigneur de Beaufort-sur-Meuse et de Renaix, son of JEAN I Comte de Namur & his second wife Marie d'Artois ([1325]-[1/29] Apr 1391).

8. LOUIS de Hainaut (Aug 1325-1328).

Comte Guillaume III had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

9. JAN van de Poel (-1392). m (1352) JOHANNA van de Merwede, daughter of DANIEL van de Merwede & his wife --- (-1395). Jan & his wife had five children:

a) ALEIDA van de Poel (-1391). m (1367) WILLEM van Driemilen Heer van Drimmelen.

b) DANIEL van de Poel . 1408. m (1393) JANNA van Spinoet, daughter of ---. Daniel & his wife had one child:

i) MARGARETHA van de Poel (-[1439]). m (1429) RAES van Lintheren, son of --- (-[1439]).

c) DIRK van de Poel (-[1429/39]).

d) JAN van de Poel (-before 1410).

e) GIJSBRECHT van de Poel (-1429/30). m (1404) SOPHIA Utenham, daughter of HENDRIK Utenham & his wife --- ([1373]-[1430]). Gijsbrecht & his wife had four children:

i) JAN van de Poel (-1468). Heer van Stoetwegen en Cattenbroeck. m MARGRIET Borre Vrouwe van Broechagen (-1475). Jan & his wife had three children:

(a) GIJSBRECHT van de Poel . 1476. Heer van Stoetwegen.

(b) JAN van de Poel .

ii) ADRIAAN van de Poel (-1435).

iii) DANIEL van de Poel . 1434.

iv) HENDRICA van de Poel . 1434.

Comte Guillaume III had six illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

10. JAN Aeleman (-1389). m firstly (1344) as her third husband, JUSTINE de Gouwer, widow firstly of JAN Sceven and secondly of DIRK Burggraf van Leiden, daughter of HUGO de Gouwer & his wife --- (-1359/60). m secondly (1375) MACHTELD van Wulvenhorst, daughter of ---. Jan & his second wife had two children:

a) JACOB Aeleman (-1422). m MARGUERITE de Reynauld Dame de Tourelle (-1446).

b) WILLEM de Moor . 1421. m ELISABETH, daughter of ---. Willem had three illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

i) DAMMAS Willemsz . m ---.

ii) KATHARINA . m ---.

iii) DIRK . m ---. Dirk & his wife had one child:

(a) MARIJKE Dirksdr . 1507.

11. CLAAS van de Gheijne . 1347. m ---. Claas & his wife had two children:

a) DIRK van de Gheijne (-1362). m ELISABETH Jansd. van Leeuwenberch, daughter of JAN & his wife ---.

b) WILLEM van de Gheijne (-1397). Heer van Cronenburg. m firstly (1362) ELISABETH van Heemskerk, daughter of HENDRIK van Heemskerk & his wife ---. m secondly (1379) ALEIDA van de Merwede, daughter of DANIEL van de Merwede & his wife --- (-1400).

- VAN CRONENBURG.

12. JAN van Dolre . m ---. Jan & his wife had one child:

a) WILLEM van Dolre .

13. WILLEM . 1339.

14. JAN Zuurmond . 1385. m ---. Jan & his wife had one child:

a) MARGRIET . 1405.

15. ALEIDE . 1332. Nun.

Chapter 6. COMTES de HAINAUT 1356-1436 (WITTELSBACH)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of the following family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

MARGUERITE II 1345-1356, GUILLAUME V 1356-1389

MARGUERITE de Hainaut, daughter of GUILLAUME Comte de Hainaut, WILLEM III Count of Holland & his wife Jeanne de Valois-Capet (1311-Le Quesnoy 23 Jun 1356, bur Valenciennes). The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records the marriage in 1324 of "Rex Ludwicus" and "filiam Comitis Holandiæ"[383]. The History of Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven records that "dominus Ludewicus et rex Anglie et marchio Iuliacensis" had married "tres…sorores…fillies comitis Hannonie sive Hollandie"[384]. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records the marriage "apud Aquisgranum" of "Wilhelmus comes Hollandie…Margaretam filiam suam" and "Ludovico duci Bavarie, imperatori Romanorum"[385]. She succeeded her brother in 1345 as MARGUERITE II Ctss de Hainaut, MARGARETA Ctss of Holland and Zeeland 1345, abdicated 7 Dec 1354.

m (Köln 25 Feb 1324) as his second wife, LUDWIG IV Duke of Bavaria King of Germany, son of LUDWIG II "der Strenge" Joint-Duke of Bavaria & his third wife Mechtild von Habsburg ([Feb/Mar] 1282-Puch bei Fürstenfeldbruck 11 Oct 1347, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau). Crowned King of Italy at Milan 31 May 1327. Crowned Emperor LUDWIG[386] at Rome 17 Jan 1328. In 1329, he agreed the Convention of Pavia with his nephews Rudolf II and Ruprecht I under which the latter jointly received the Palatinate while Ludwig IV continued as sole ruler of Upper Bavaria.

Duke Ludwig IV & his second wife had ten children:

1. other children: see BAVARIA.

2. WILHELM von Bayern (Frankfurt-am-Main 12 May 1330-Le Quesnoy 15 Apr 1388, bur Valenciennes). He succeeded his father in 1347 as WILHELM I joint-Duke of Bavaria. He and his brothers partitioned their territories in 1349, Duke Wilhelm keeping Lower Bavaria jointly. He succeeded his mother in 1349 as WILLEM V Count of Holland and Zeeland, but she retook control of these territories in 1350. Willem took up arms against his mother, finally forcing her to yield 7 Dec 1354. Count Willem’s succession in Holland was, according to his father’s wishes, joint with his brother Albrecht. However, the Dutch refused to accept this and in practice Willem governed alone. As a result of a further partition of the family´s Bavarian possessions in 1353, he received Straubing jointly with his brother Albrecht. He was confirmed 26 Feb 1357 as GUILLAUME V Comte de Hainaut, following the death of his mother. He became insane in [1356/57], and was detained at the château du Quesnoy in 1358. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that "Wilhelmus comes Hollandie" became insane and died "in Hanonia apud Keynoit"[387]. m (King’s Chapel, Palace of Westminster 1352) as her second husband, MAUD of Lancaster, widow of RALPH de Stafford, daughter of HENRY of Grosmont 4^th Earl and 1^st Duke of Lancaster & his wife Isabel de Beaumont (4 Apr 1339/41-in England 10 Apr 1362, bur Rijnsburg Abbey). Co-heir of her father, she received Leicester and Kidwelly. She died of bubonic plague. Mistress (1): ---. The name of Comte Guillaume's first mistress is not known. Mistress (1): KATHARINA Gerrit. Comte Guillaume V & his wife had one child:

a) daughter (1356-young).

Comte Guillaume V had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

b) WILLEM de Ouder . 1356/1423. m (1398) LISBETH Hughe Claasdotter (-before 31 Dec 1443).

Comte Guillaume V had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):

c) ELISABETH . 1359/1415. m BRUSTIJN van Herwijnen Heer van Stavenisse, son of --- (-before 1415).

Comte Guillaume V had one possible illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

d) [JEAN bâtard de Hainaut . 9 Jun 1369.]

3. ALBRECHT von Bayern (Munich 25 Jul 1336-The Hague 13 Dec 1404, bur The Hague). He succeeded his mother in 1349 as ALBERT Count of Holland and Seeland, jointly with his brother Willem. He succeeded on the death of his brother in 1388 as ALBERT Comte de Hainaut, Count of Holland and Seeland.

- see below.

ALBERT 1389-1404

ALBRECHT von Bayern, son of Emperor LUDWIG IV Duke of Bavaria, King of Germany & his second wife Marguerite Ctss de Hainaut, Ctss of Holland (Munich 25 Jul 1336-The Hague 13 Dec 1404, bur The Hague). The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavariæ names "Stephanus et Albertus" as sons of "Ludwicus imperator"[388]. He succeeded his father in 1347 as ALBRECHT I joint-Duke of Bavaria. He and his brothers partitioned their territories in 1349, he kept Lower Bavaria jointly. He succeeded his mother in 1349 as ALBRECHT Count of Holland and Zeeland, jointly with his brother Willem. However, the Dutch refused to accept this and in practice Willem governed alone. As a result of a further partition in 1353, he received Straubing jointly with his brother Wilhelm. Named Protector of Hainaut, Holland and Seeland in 1358, on behalf of his brother who had become insane. Emperor Karl IV invested him with the Counties of Holland, Seeland, Friesland and Hainaut, but this remained unrecognised by the population. He only succeeded on the death of his brother in 1388 as ALBERT Comte de Hainaut, Count of Holland and Seeland.

m firstly (Passau 19 Jul 1353) MARGARETA von Brieg, daughter of LUDWIG I Duke of Brieg [Piast] & his wife Agnes von Glogau und Sagan [Piast] ([1342/43]-The Hague 26 Feb 1386). The Chronica principum Polonie names "Margaretham…Hedwigim…et Katharinam" as the daughters of "dux…Ludwicus", recording that Margareta married "Alberti ducis Bavarie, Hanonie nec non Hollandie comitis"[389]. The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon refers to the mother of "Domina Iohanna filia Alberti Ducis Bauariæ et Comitis terræ Holandiæ" as "filia filiæ Ludwici Ducis Sleziæ et Domini Legnicensis" when recording her marriage[390]. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that "Albertus palatinus Reni, dux Bavarie" married "Margaretam filiam Ludovici ducis de Briga ex Polonia"[391].

m secondly (Heusden 2 Apr 1394) MARGARETA von Kleve, daughter of ADOLF I Graf von Kleve und von der Mark & his wife Margareta von Jülich ([1375]-Haus Kleve near Haarlem 14 May 1411, bur The Hague Kloosterkerk).

Comte Albert & his first wife had seven children:

1. KATHARINA ([1361]-Hattem 10 Nov 1400, bur Kloster Monkhuizen). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names "prima Katherina…nupta Eduardo demm Wilhelmo eius nepoti Ghelrie ducibus…" as the daughter of "Albertus palatinus Reni, dux Bavarie" and his wife "Margaretam filiam Ludovici ducis de Briga ex Polonia"[392]. The testament of "Catharina de Bavaria, Gelriæ et Juliacensium ducissa, Zutphaniæque comitissa", dated 3 Nov 1400, chooses burial "in claustro…conventus ordinis prædictorum Noviomagensis, Coloniensis diœceseos" (the document adding that she was in fact buried "in claustro Monichusen…apud Arnhem") and appoints "Wilhelmo Gelriæ ac Juliacensi Duci, Zutphaniæque comiti…suo…contorali" as her heir, and adds that she died "in castro oppidi de Hattem"[393]. m (dispensation 28 Dec 1377, Geertruidenberg 1379) WILLEM Duke of Gelderland, son of WILHELM Duke of Jülich & his wife Maria van Gelre (1364-Arnhem 16 Feb 1402, bur Kloster Monkhuizen). He succeeded in 1393 as WILHELM VIII Herzog von Jülich.

2. JOHANNA ([1361]-Karlstein 31 Dec 1386, bur Königsaal/Prague). The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon records the marriage "in Nuremburga" 17 Nov 1370 of "Domina Iohanna filia Alberti Ducis Bauariæ et Comitis terræ Holandiæ…filia filiæ Ludwici Ducis Sleziæ et Domini Legnicensis" and "Domino…Wenceslao Regi Boemiæ"[394]. The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that the third (unnamed) daughter of "Albertus palatinus Reni, dux Bavarie" and his wife "Margaretam filiam Ludovici ducis de Briga ex Polonia" married "Wenzelao regi Bohemie"[395]. She was crowned Queen of Bohemia 17 Nov 1370 at Prague. Crowned Queen of Germany 6 Jul 1376 at Aachen. m (Nürnberg 17 Nov 1370) as his first wife, WENZEL IV King of Bohemia, son of Emperor KARL IV King of Germany, King of Bohemia & his third wife Anna von Schweidnitz und Jauer [Piast] (Nürnberg 26 Feb 1361-Neuschloß bei Kunratitz 16 Aug 1419, bur Prague St Veit's Cathedral). King of Germany 1378-1400.

3. MARGUERITE (1363-Dijon 23/24 Jan 1424, bur Dijon). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names "…secunda Margareta…" wife of "Johanni duci Burgundie, primogenitor ducis Philippi" as the daughter of "Albertus palatinus Reni, dux Bavarie" and his wife "Margaretam filiam Ludovici ducis de Briga ex Polonia"[396]. m (Cambrai 12 Apr 1385, dispensation Genoa 5 Apr 1386) JEAN de Bourgogne, son of PHILIPPE II "le Hardi" Duke of Burgundy & his wife Marguerite III Ctss of Flanders (Dijon 28 May 1371-murdered Pont-de-Yonne 10 Sep 1419, bur Dijon). He succeeded his father in 1404 as JEAN "Sans Peur" Duke of Burgundy.

4. WILHELM (5 Apr 1365-château de Bouchain 30 May 1417, bur Valenciennes). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names "Wilhelmum comitem Hollandie…et Johannem episcopum Leodensium, postea Hollandie comitem" as the sons of "Albertus palatinus Reni, dux Bavarie" and his wife "Margaretam filiam Ludovici ducis de Briga ex Polonia"[397]. He succeeded his father in 1404 as GUILLAUME VI Comte de Hainaut, WILLEM VI Count of Holland, WILHELM II Graf von Straubing.

- see below.

5. ALBRECHT (1369-Kelheim 21 Jan 1397, bur Straubing Karmeliterkirche). Statthalter in Straubing 1389.

6. JOHANN (1374-The Hague poisoned 6 Jan 1425, bur The Hague St Vincenz/Kloosterkerk). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names "Wilhelmum comitem Hollandie…et Johannem episcopum Leodensium, postea Hollandie comitem" as the sons of "Albertus palatinus Reni, dux Bavarie" and his wife "Margaretam filiam Ludovici ducis de Briga ex Polonia"[398]. Regent of Straubing 1397. Canon at Liège cathedral 1390-1418. Elected Bishop of Liège 1417. He succeeded in 1417 as JOHANN III Duke of Bavaria-Straubing. He succeeded in 1418 as JAN Count of Holland, Friesland and Seeland, JEAN Comte de Hainaut. He abandoned Hainaut 13 Feb 1419 to his niece Jakobäa. The necrology of Unter-Altaich records the death "Non Jan 1424" of "Iohannes dux Wawarie atque Hollandie"[399]. m (dispensation 6 May 1418, Jun 1418) as her second husband, ELISABETH of Bohemia Herzogin von Görlitz Ctss de Luxembourg, widow of ANTOINE Duke of Brabant [Bourgogne-Valois], daughter of JOHANN Herzog von Görlitz & his wife Katharina von Mecklenburg (Borsewitz Nov 1390-Trier 3 Aug 1451, bur Trier Minoritenkirche). She abdicated as Ctss de Luxembourg in 1443. Comte Jean had four illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

a) daughter . m JAN van Egmond Heer van Wateringen, son of --- (-1415).

b) JAN (-after 5 Sep 1431). Heer van Purmerend 1423, Heer van Schellinkhout 1430.

c) WILLEM (-1467). m (Bruges 1441) as her second husband, ANNA van Meetkerke, widow of JAN van Gent, daughter of HENDRIK van Meetkerke & his wife Katharina Bloms.

d) JOHANNA . m ([5 Jun 1421]) SPLINTER van Nijenrode Heer von Bolestein, son of --- (-4 Jul 1471).

7. JOHANNA [Sophie] (Munich [1373/77], chr Le Quesnoy 13 Sep 1377-Vienna 15 Oct 1410, bur Vienna St Stephan). The Oude Kronik van Brabant records that the fourth (unnamed) daughter of "Albertus palatinus Reni, dux Bavarie" and his wife "Margaretam filiam Ludovici ducis de Briga ex Polonia" married "duci Austrie"[400]. The Necrologium Austriacum refers to the wife of Duke Albrecht as "ein fuerstin von Holland"[401]. m (Vienna 24 Apr 1390) ALBRECHT of Austria, son of ALBRECHT III Duke of Austria & his second wife Beatrix von Nürnberg (Vienna 21 Sep 1377-Klosterneuburg 14 Sep 1404, bur Vienna St Stephan). He succeeded his father in 1395 as ALBRECHT IV Duke of Austria.

Comte Albert had seven illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

8. WILLEM van Beiern (-1473).

- VAN BEIERN VAN SCHAGEN[402].

9. DIRK (-[1451]).

10. ADRIAN (-1418). m --- van Wyelensteijn, daughter of ---. Adrian & his wife had one child:

a) ALBRECHT (-after 7 Dec 1467).

11. ALBRECHT . m ([1412]) SOFIA van Langevelt, daughter of ---.

12. MARGARETA (-1421). m (1405) DIRK van Santhorst, son of ---.

13. NATHALIE . m ([1400]) BERTHOLD van Assendelft, son of --- (-1443).

14. JOHANNA . m GUY bâtard de Bourgogne, illegitimate son of JEAN "Sans Peur" Duke of Burgundy & his mistress Margareta van Borsselen (-1436).

15. son. 1422-1424. Monk at Niederaltsich.

GUILLAUME VI 1404-1417, JACQUELINE 1417-1436

WILHELM von Bayern-Straubing, son of ALBRECHT Duke of Bavaria-Straubing [later ALBERT Comte de Hainaut, Count of Holland] & his first wife Margareta von Brieg [Piast] (5 Apr 1365-château de Bouchain 30 May 1417, bur Valenciennes). The Oude Kronik van Brabant names "Wilhelmum comitem Hollandie…et Johannem episcopum Leodensium, postea Hollandie comitem" as the sons of "Albertus palatinus Reni, dux Bavarie" and his wife "Margaretam filiam Ludovici ducis de Briga ex Polonia"[403]. He succeeded his father in 1404 as GUILLAUME VI Comte de Hainaut, WILLEM V Count of Holland, WILHELM II Graf von Straubing. Heer van Arkel 1412. The Necrologio Sanctæ Waldetrudis records the death "pridie Kal Iun" of "domini ducis Willelmi Bavarie et Hanonie comitis"[404].

Betrothed (1373) to MARIE de France, daughter of CHARLES V "le Sage" King of France & his wife Jeanne de Bourbon (Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 27 Feb 1370-Paris Jun 1377).

m (Cambrai 12 Apr 1385, dispensation Genoa 3 Apr 1386) MARGUERITE de Bourgogne, daughter of PHILIPPE II "le Hardi" Duke of Burgundy & his wife Marguerite III Ctss of Flanders (Montbard Oct 1374-Le Quesnoy 8 Mar 1441, bur Le Quesnoy).

Comte Guillaume VI & his wife had one child:

1. JACQUELINE (chr Le Quesnoy 16 Aug 1401-murdered Schloß Teilingen 8/9 Oct 1436, bur The Hague). She succeeded her father in 1417 as JACQUELINE Ctss de Hainaut, JACOBA Ctss of Holland and Zeeland, but this was disputed by her uncle. He transferred Hainaut to her 13 Feb 1419, in return for the right to retain the other counties for 12 years, but she retook these on his death in 1425. Deposed 12 Apr 1433. She was succeeded by Philippe III "le Bon" Duke of Burgundy, who had been regent of Holland 1428-1433, and was Count of Holland 1433-1467. m firstly (contract Paris 5 May 1403, Compiègne 29 Jun 1406, dispensation 22 Apr 1411, contract The Hague 6 Aug 1415) JEAN de France Duc de Touraine, son of CHARLES VI King of France & his wife Isabelle von Bayern-Ingolstadt (Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris 31 Aug 1398-Compiègne 4/5 Apr 1417, bur Compiègne, Abbaye royale de Saint-Corneille). He succeeded as Dauphin de Viennois 1415 on the death of his older brother Louis. Duc de Berry, Comte de Poitou 17 May 1416. He lived with his father-in-law, returning to France in Jan 1417. He was poisoned. m secondly (The Hague 10 Apr 1418, divorced 7 Mar 1422) JEAN IV Duke of Brabant and Limburg, son of ANTOINE de Bourgogne Duke of Brabant and Limburg & his first wife Jeanne de Luxembourg (Utrecht 11 Jun 1403-Brussels 17 Apr 1427). m thirdly (Hadleigh, Essex before 7 Mar 1423, divorced 13 Feb 1425, annulled by Papal Decree 9 Jul 1428) as his first wife, HUMPHREY Duke of Gloucester, son of HENRY IV King of England & his first wife Mary de Bohun (3 Oct 1390-Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk 23 Feb 1447, bur 4 Mar 1447 St Albans Abbey, Hertford). He assumed the title Count of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut, by right of his wife. Ctss Jacqueline's previous marriage with Jean de Brabant was pronounced valid 9 Jan 1428 by Pope Martin V, her marriage with Humphrey being consequently annulled. m fourthly (secretly The Hague 1 Aug 1432, publicly St Maartensdijk 1 Mar 1434) FRANK van Borselen Graaf van Ostervant, son of FLORIS van Borselen Heer van Sint-Maartensdijk & his wife Oda van Bergen ([1396]-Den Briel 19 Nov 1470). No issue.

Comte Guillaume VI had [nine] illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

2. LODEWIJK ([1385]-[20 May/13 Jun] 1433). Heer van Vlissingen, seigneur d'Escaudoeuvres near Cambrai. m (shortly before 2 Sep 1416) ELEONORE de Floyon, daughter of --- (-after 13 Jun 1433). According to Kerrebrouck (who cites no source)[405], he married an illegitimate daughter of Carlos III King of Navarre.

3. JEAN bâtard de Hainaut (-[6 Nov 1432/20 Aug 1436]). m MARIE Dame de Warigny, daughter of --- (-after 20 Aug 1436).

4. WILLEM (-Bruges, Kloster Genadendal 23 Apr 1455). In Kloster Genadendal in Bruges 1407 'clericus redditus'. m (before 12 Aug 1416) BEATRIX van Hodenpijl, daughter of JAN van Hodenpijl & his wife ---.

5. BEATRIX (-1455). m firstly (18 Jun 1410) FILIP van Veen gt van Dorp, son of --- (-[18 Jun 1410/17 Sep 1411], bur Delft oude Kerk). Rentmeester of Nordholland 1400-02. Treasurer of Holland. m secondly ([Schoonhoven 19 Oct 1411]) JAN van Vliet Heer van Hoenkoop, son of --- (-The Hague, hanged, drawn and quartered for murder 3 Aug 1424). Hofmeister of Willem VI Count of Holland. He attempted to murder Jan Count of Holland, Hainaut and Seeland, Bishop-elect of Liège by poisoning the pages of his bible.

6. EBERHARD Heer van Hoogwoude (-20 Mar 1458). m firstly (shortly before 24 Jul 1430) JUTTA van Kijfhoeck, daughter of FLORIS van Kijfhoeck & his wife --- van Rossum (-before 23 May 1449). m secondly (before 12 Mar 1467) as her second husband, ALEID van Swieten, widow of CLAAS van Diepenburch, daughter of BOUDEWIJN van Swieten & his wife Lutgard van Nijenrode (-12 Mar 1467, bur The Hague). Eberhard & his first wife had children:

- VAN HOOGWOUDE.

7. BAUDOUIN . Seigneur de Plainville. m MARGUERITE de Rouvroy dit de Saint-Simon, daughter of ---.

8. CHRISTINA . 1436.

9. [HENDRIK bastaard van Holland (-after 7 Jul 1427).]

10. [ARENT . m ALEID Uterlier van Dorp, daughter of SIMON Uterlier van Dorp & his wife Clementia van de Boekhorst.]

Chapter 7. SEIGNEURS d’AVESNES, de LEUZE et de CONDE

A. SEIGNEURS d’AVESNES

1. WEDRICUS "Ad-barbam" . The Chronicon Lætiense names "Wedricus cognomen Ad-barbam", specifying that his domain was "apud Fagetum" and that he constructed the castle of Avesnes[406]. Seigneur d'Avesnes. m ---. The name of Wedricus's wife is not known. Wedricus & his wife had [four or more] children:

a) THIERRY (-[1106]). The Chronicon Lætiense names "Theodericus" as one of the sons of "Wedricus cognomen Ad-barbam"[407]. Seigneur d'Avesnes. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Theoderico Avesniensi" as husband of "Ada [filia Hilduini comitis]"[408]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that the "abbatia de Letiis" was restored by "Theodericum de Avesnis et Aldam uxoris eius"[409]. m as her third husband, ADA de Ramerupt, widow firstly of GEOFFROY Seigneur de Guise and secondly of GAUTHIER Seigneur de Ath, daughter of HILDUIN [IV] de Montdidier et de Ramerupt Comte de Roucy & his wife Adelaide de Roucy (-bur Abbaye de Liessies). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "quartam…Hilduini comitis filiam Adam" as wife firstly of "Godefridus de Guisia" and secondly of "Galterum de Aat" and thirdly of "Theoderico de Avesnis"[410]. The Chronicon Lætiense names "Ada" as wife of "Theodericus"[411]. The Chronicon Lætiense names "Ada de Avesnis cognata" of "Ebalus filius [Petronillæ]"[412]. She and her third husband built the convent of Lessies, where she retired after his death and was buried[413].

b) sons . The Chronicon Lætiense names "Theodericus" as one of the sons of "Wedricus cognomen Ad-barbam"[414]. The number of Wedricus's other sons is not known.

c) [GERARD d´Avesnes (-killed in battle mid-1102). Lord of St Abraham. Albert of Aix records that "Gerhardum de præsidio Avennis" was sent as a gift to "duci christianissimo Iherusalem", after having been presumed killed at Assur, and was invested with "castello…ad sanctum Abraham", dated to 1099 from the context[415]. Albert of Aix names "…Gerhardus de Avennis…" among those killed in battle in a campaign led by Baudouin I King of Jerusalem, dated to mid-1102 from the context[416]. It is not known whether Gerard was one of the otherwise unnamed sons of Wedricus Seigneur d´Avesnes.]

d) IDA . The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Idam, germanam Theoderic de Asvensis" as wife of "Fastredus"[417]. m FASTRE [I] d'Oisy, son of --- (-before 1092). Avoué de Tournai.

B. SEIGNEURS d’AVESNES, de LEUZE et de CONDE (d'OISY)

FASTRE [I] d'Oisy, son of --- (-before 1092). Avoué de Tournai.

m IDA d'Avesnes, daughter of WEDRICUS d'Avesnes & his wife ---. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Idam, germanam Theoderic de Asvensis" as wife of "Fastredus"[418].

Fastre [I] & his wife had four children:

1. GOSSUIN d'Oisy (-1127). The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Gosceguinus, filius domine Ida", specifying that he succeeded "avunculo suo Teoderico"[419]. 1104/26. Seigneur d'Avesnes, de Condé et de Leuze. A charter dated to [1145] records commitments by the abbot of Anchin to the inhabitants of Avesnes and names "Gozewinus Avesnensis castri dominus [et] uxore sua Agnete…Walterus successor et nepos suus [et] uxore sua Ida et filio suo Teoderico"[420]. The Chronicon Lætiense records the death of "dominus Gozvinus" and his burial "ante hostium basilice sancte Marie"[421]. m AGNES de Ribemont, daughter of ANSELM [II] de Ribemont & his wife Berthe ---. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Agnes" as daughter of "Anselmus de Ribodimonte", and names her son "Gossuino"[422]. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Agne…filia Anselmi de Ribotmont" as wife of "Gosceguinus, filius domine Ida", specifying that they were childless, that he appointed his nephew Gauthier as his successor, and that Agnes became a nun after her husband's death[423]. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "Agnetem…filiam Anselmi comitis de Ribodimonte" married "Goswinus de Oysiaco, castellanus Cameracensis" but was childless[424].

2. [FASTRE [II] d'Oisy (-after 1111). The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Fastridus filius eius [=Fastredus]", and in a later passage specifies that he was "filius illius Ide" and "advocatus Tornacensis"[425]. Another perspective on the parents of Gauthier [I] d´Oisy is provided by the late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis which records that "nepos suus ex sorore Walterus cognomina Plukellus" succeeded "Goswinus de Oysiaco, castellanus Cameracensis"[426]. It is not known which version might be correct. Avoué of Tournai. m RICHILDE, daughter of ---. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Richilde" as wife of "Fastradus", without giving her origin, specifying that she became a nun at Tournai after her husband's death[427].] Fastre [II] & his wife had three children:

a) GAUTHIER [I] d'Oisy (-1147). The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Galterum…germani sui [=Gosceguinus] Fastradi filium", specifying that his paternal uncle appointed him as his successor, and that he succeeded in "castrum Avesniense totamque pene regionem illam que dicitur Bracbantus"[428]. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "nepos suus ex sorore Walterus cognomina Plukellus" succeeded "Goswinus de Oysiaco, castellanus Cameracensis"[429]. Seigneur d'Avesnes, de Condé et de Leuze 1127. A charter dated to [1145] records commitments by the abbot of Anchin to the inhabitants of Avesnes and names "Gozewinus Avesnensis castri dominus [et] uxore sua Agnete…Walterus successor et nepos suus [et] uxore sua Ida et filio suo Teoderico"[430]. m IDA [de Mortagne, daughter of EVERARD [I] Radoul Châtelain de Tournai, Seigneur de Mortagne & his wife Richilde de Hainaut]. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Idam, filiam Everardi castellani Tornacensis" wife of "Gualterus"[431]. The chronology for her parentage as reported in the Liber is very tight. Her paternal grandmother must have been born in [1107] at the earliest, while Ida apparently gave birth to ten children by her marriage, before her husband died in 1147. It would make more sense if Ida was the sister, not daughter, of Everard [II], assuming that she was related to this family at all. A charter dated to [1145] records commitments by the abbot of Anchin to the inhabitants of Avesnes and names "Gozewinus Avesnensis castri dominus [et] uxore sua Agnete…Walterus successor et nepos suus [et] uxore sua Ida et filio suo Teoderico"[432]. Gauthier [I] & his wife had eight children:

i) THIERRY d'Oisy (-[before 1106]). A charter dated to [1145] records commitments by the abbot of Anchin to the inhabitants of Avesnes and names "Gozewinus Avesnensis castri dominus [et] uxore sua Agnete…Walterus successor et nepos suus [et] uxore sua Ida et filio suo Teoderico"[433]. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "filio suo [=Gualterus] Teoderico", specifying that he married "sororem Balduini comitis Montensis"[434]. Seigneur de Mortagne. m --- de Hainaut, daughter of [BAUDOUIN II Comte de Hainaut & his wife Ida de Louvain]. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "filio suo [=Gualterus] Teoderico", specifying that he married "sororem Balduini comitis Montensis"[435]. The text does not specify which "Balduini comitis Montensis" is intended. However, if Thierry's date of death is correct as shown above, it is likely that the marriage took place only shortly before this date. If that is correct, then the text most probably refers to Count Baudouin III, who succeeded his father in 1098. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[436], Thierry's wife was Richildis, daughter of Baudouin III Comte de Hainaut, who later married Everard [II] Raoul Châtelain de Tournai. However, this is chronologically impossible (assuming that Thierry did die before 1106) as Baudouin III's marriage is dated to [1107].

ii) NICOLAS d'Oisy (-[1169/71]). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Nicolaum, Yvonem, Fastradum et episcopum Everardum Tornacensem" as the sons of "Galterum de Avennis" & his wife Ida[437]. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "altero filio suo [=Gualterus] Nicholao", specifying that he succeeded in "castrum Avesniense et Bracbantum"[438]. Seigneur d'Avesnes, de Condé et de Leuze.

- see below.

iii) [IVES] d'Oisy . The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Nicolaum, Yvonem, Fastradum et episcopum Everardum Tornacensem" as the sons of "Galterum de Avennis" & his wife Ida[439]. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis records that "tercio vero filio advocationem Tornacensem [=Gualterus] tradidit", without naming him[440]. It is not known whether this is the "Yvonem" named by Alberic.

iv) EVRARD d'Oisy . The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Nicolaum, Yvonem, Fastradum et episcopum Everardum Tornacensem" as the sons of "Galterum de Avennis" & his wife Ida[441]. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "quarto [filio advocationem Tornacensem =Gualterus] Everardo, postea episcopo Tornacensi", specifying that he was archdeacon at Cambrai and Tournai[442]. Canon at Tournai 1145, archdeacon 1150. Bishop of Tournai 1173-1190. "Evrardus…Tornacensis episcopus" confirmed the donation by "Johannes advocatus Cisonii" to Cysoing, in the presence of "fratrum meorum Nicolai…de Avesnis et Gossuini advocati Tornacensis", by charter dated to [1174/86], confirmed after the donor´s death by "domna Petronilla uxor eius soror mea et Petrus supradicti Johannis frater"[443].

v) PETRONILLE d'Oisy (-after 1174). The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis records "quatuor filias [advocationem Tornacensem =Gualterus]" who were married, but does not name them[444]. "Evrardus…Tornacensis episcopus" confirmed the donation by "Johannes advocatus Cisonii" to Cysoing, in the presence of "fratrum meorum Nicolai…de Avesnis et Gossuini advocati Tornacensis", by charter dated to [1174/86], confirmed after the donor´s death by "domna Petronilla uxor eius soror mea et Petrus supradicti Johannis frater"[445]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. m firstly JAN [I] van Peteghem en Cysoing, son of --- (-before 1154). m secondly (before 1154) ROGER de Landas .

vi) GOSSUIN d'Oisy . "Evrardus…Tornacensis episcopus" confirmed the donation by "Johannes advocatus Cisonii" to Cysoing, in the presence of "fratrum meorum Nicolai…de Avesnis et Gossuini advocati Tornacensis", by charter dated to [1174/86], confirmed after the donor´s death by "domna Petronilla uxor eius soror mea et Petrus supradicti Johannis frater"[446].

vii) FASTRE d'Oisy . The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Nicolaum, Yvonem, Fastradum et episcopum Everardum Tornacensem" as the sons of "Galterum de Avennis" & his wife Ida[447].

viii) three daughters. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis records "quatuor filias [advocationem Tornacensem =Gualterus]" who were married, but does not name them[448].

b) SARA d'Oisy . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m GOSSUIN, son of ---.

c) AELIS d'Oisy . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m ARNOUL [III] Seigneur de la Hamaide .

3. son. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1114.

4. daughter . The Annales Cameracenses refer to the wife of "Elbodo [filius Evrardi de Watterlos [et] coniuge sua Disdelde]" as "Gossuini de Avesnes sororem, materteram Galteri Puluchat"[449]. m ELBODO, son of EVRARD de Watterlos & his wife Disdelda ---.

NICOLAS d'Oisy, son of GAUTHIER [I] d'Oisy & his wife Ade [Ide] de Mortagne (-[1169/71]). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Nicolaum, Yvonem, Fastradum et episcopum Everardum Tornacensem" as the sons of "Galterum de Avennis" & his wife Ida[450]. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "altero filio suo [=Gualterus] Nicholao", specifying that he succeeded in "castrum Avesniense et Bracbantum"[451]. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "filius eius Nicolaus Plukellus" succeeded "Walterus cognomina Plukellus"[452]. Seigneur d'Avesnes, de Condé et de Leuze. "Evrardus…Tornacensis episcopus" confirmed the donation by "Johannes advocatus Cisonii" to Cysoing, in the presence of "fratrum meorum Nicolai…de Avesnis et Gossuini advocati Tornacensis", by charter dated to [1174/86], confirmed after the donor´s death by "domna Petronilla uxor eius soror mea et Petrus supradicti Johannis frater"[453].

m (before 1150) as her second husband, MATHILDE de la Roche, widow of THIERRY de Walcourt, daughter of HENRI [I] de Namur Comte de la Roche & his wife Mathilde de Limbourg. The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names "Mathildis" as daughter of "Henricum comitem de Rupe", specifying that she was mother of "Iacobum Avesnensem"[454]. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Mathildem filiam Henrici comitis de Roche in Ardenna" as wife of "Nicholaus filius [Walteri…de Avethnes]"[455]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Fredericus archidyaconus Sancti Lamberti Leodiensis, qui postea factus archiepiscopus de Tyre, et soror eius Mathildis" as children of "Albertus de Rupe", specifying that Mathilde married firstly "Theoderico de Walecurt" by whom she was mother of "Werricum de Rupeforti et matrem Theoderici de Hufalize, cuius filius Henricus de Hufalize", and secondly "Nicolao de Avenes"[456]. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "filius eius Nicolaus Plukellus" married "Machtildem filiam Henrici comitis de Rupe in Ardenna", whose first husband was "domini de Walecourt"[457].

Nicolas & his wife had [five] children:

1. JACQUES d'Avesnes ([1150]-killed in battle Arsuf, Palestine 7 Sep 1191). The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names "Iacobum Avesnensem" as son of "Mathildis [filiam Henricum comitem de Rupe]"[458]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Iacobum et Idam castellanam Sancti Audemari" as children of "Nicolao de Avenes" & his wife[459]. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Iacobum" as son of "Nicholaus filius [Walteri…de Avethnes]" & his wife[460]. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Jacobum et Fastradum" as the two sons of "Nicolaus Plukellus"[461]. Seigneur d'Avesnes, de Leuze et de Condé. Seigneur de Guise, by right of his wife. "The bravest knight in Flanders", he left on crusade in [Sep] 1189[462]. He arrived off Acre in [Nov] 1189 and took part in the siege of the town[463]. He was killed in battle fighting Saladin with Richard I King of England[464]. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Iacobus de Avethnia" among those who died in Palestine in [1191][465]. The Chronicle of Ernoul records that "Jakemes d'Avesnes li bons chevaliers" was killed fighting the Muslims at Arsuf[466]. The Annales Aquicinctini record that "Iacobus de Avesnis" was killed by Saracens in 1192[467]. The necrology of Brogne records the death "VII Id Sep" of "domnus Jacobus de Avenes"[468]. m ([1163/68]) ADELINE de Guise, daughter of BOUCHARD Seigneur de Guise & his wife ---. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Adelviam Buchardi de Guisa filiam" as wife of "Iacobum [filium Nicholai…de Avethnes]"[469]. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "Nicolai Plukelli filius primogenitus Jacobus" married "Adeluyam unicam filiam Bouchardi domini de Guisia"[470]. 1185. Adelaide Dame de Guise, with the consent of Gauthier her son and her other children, made a donation for the soul of her later husband Jacques d'Avesnes by charter dated 1196[471]. Jacques & his wife had eight children:

a) GAUTHIER [II] d'Avesnes (-11 Jul [1243/46]). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Galtherus [que] factus est comes Blesensis et…quatuor sorores comitissæ" as children of "Iacobo [filii Nicolao de Avenes]"[472]. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Walterum, Bouchardum, Jacobum et Guidonem" as the four sons of "Nicolai Plukelli filius primogenitus Jacobus" and his wife[473]. Seigneur d'Avesnes, de Guise, de Condé, de Leuze, de Landrechies et de Trélon. Adelaide Dame de Guise, with the consent of Gauthier her son and her other children, made a donation for the soul of her later husband Jacques d'Avesnes by charter dated 1196[474]. Comte de Blois, in right of his wife. The necrology of La Cour-Dieu records the death “V Id Jul” of “Galterius de Avernis”[475]. m (after 1200) as her third husband, MARGUERITE Ctss de Blois, widow firstly of HUGUES [III] d'Oisy Châtelain de Cambrai and secondly of OTTO von Staufen Comte Palatin de Bourgogne, daughter of THIBAUT IV Comte de Blois & his second wife Alix de France ([1170]-12 Jul 1230). "…Filiis quoque et filiabus meis Theobaldo et Ludovico atque Henrico, Margarita et Ysabella" consented to the donation by "Theobaldus Blesensis comes, Francie senesscalus" to Hôtel-Dieu, Châteaudun by charter dated 1183[476]. William of Tyre (Continuator) records "la fille dou conte Thibaut de Blois" being the wife of "Otes dus de Borgoigne"[477]. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "dominus Galterus filius [Jacobi] primogeniti" married "Margareta comitatus Blesensis hærede"[478]. "Margareta uxor Galterii de Averna comitissa palatina Burgundie" confirm an agreement between "Willelmum militem de Monasteriis" and Saint-Martin-des-Champs by charter dated [Jun/Aug] 1208 which also names "Hugo de Oysi filius Symonis vicecomitis, olim maritus meus"[479]. The necrology of the abbey of Vauduisant records the death "IV Id Jul" of "comitisse Blesensis Marguerite"[480]. The necrology of La Cour-Dieu records the death “IV Id Jul” of “comitissa Blesensis”[481]. Gauthier [II] & his wife had three children:

i) MARIE d'Avesnes (-after 12 Apr 1241). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "unicam…filiam Mariam" as child of "dominus Galterus filius [Jacobi] primogeniti" and his wife, adding that she married "comiti Sancti-Pauli Hugoni"[482]. She succeeded her mother in 1231 as Ctss de Blois. Dame d'Avesnes, de Guise, de Leuze, de Landrechies et de Trélon. The testament of “Maria comitissa Blesis et Sancti Pauli” is dated 12 Apr 1241 and names “dominus meus Hugo de Castellione comes Sancti Pauli et Blesis et…matertera mea Ysabellis comitissa Carnotensis…Richardo de Bellomonte et…consanguinea mea Matildi uxore sua”[483]. m (Apr 1226) as his second wife, HUGUES Seigneur de Châtillon, son of GAUCHER [III] Seigneur de Châtillon-sur-Marne Comte de Saint-Pol & his wife Elisabeth Ctss de Saint-Pol (before 1196-9 Apr 1248). He succeeded in 1240 as Comte de Saint-Pol.

ii) ISABELLE d'Avesnes . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m JEAN Seigneur d'Oisy et de Montreuil.

iii) THIBAUT d'Avesnes (-young). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

b) BOUCHARD d'Avesnes ([1180]-1244, bur Clairefontaine). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Walterum, Bouchardum, Jacobum et Guidonem" as the four sons of "Nicolai Plukelli filius primogenitus Jacobus" and his wife[484]. The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "Buchardi Avenennsis" as brother of "Galteri comitis Blesensis", specifying that he married "Margareta"[485]. Seigneur d´Etroen. Bailli de Hainaut. Canon of Saint Pierre at Lille.

- see below.

c) JACQUES d'Avesnes . The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Walterum, Bouchardum, Jacobum et Guidonem" as the four sons of "Nicolai Plukelli filius primogenitus Jacobus" and his wife[486]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Iacobus filius Iacobi, frater Gualteri de Avenis"[487]. 1185/96. Seigneur de Landrechies. m --- de Créquy, daughter of BAUDOUIN de Créquy & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.

d) GUY d'Avesnes (-1219). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Walterum, Bouchardum, Jacobum et Guidonem" as the four sons of "Nicolai Plukelli filius primogenitus Jacobus" and his wife[488]. 1173/1207. Knight.

e) MATHILDE d'Avesnes ([1170]-5 Nov after 1236). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Machtildem, Aelidem, Adeluyam et Agnetem" as the four daughters of "Nicolai Plukelli filius primogenitus Jacobus" and his wife, adding that "primogenita" married "comiti de Cisneio" and (incorrectly) as her second husband "domino Nicolao de Rumengni"[489]. The Chronicon Hanoniense refers to one of the daughters of "Iacobum [filium Nicholai…de Avethnes]" & his wife as wife of "Nicholao…Nicholay de Ruminio et Damison de Cirvia filio" but does not name her[490]. m firstly as his second wife, NICOLAS [IV] Seigneur de Rumigny, son of NICOLAS [III] Seigneur de Rumigny & his wife Eva de Chièvres ([1160]-19/20 Feb 1205). m secondly (after Feb 1205) LOUIS [IV] Comte de Chiny, son of LOUIS [III] Comte de Chiny & his wife Sophie --- (-[2 Jan/Apr] 1227). 1189/1227.

f) ALIX d'Avesnes . The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Machtildem, Aelidem, Adeluyam et Agnetem" as the four daughters of "Nicolai Plukelli filius primogenitus Jacobus" and his wife, adding that "Aelidis secunda filia" married "domino Rogero de Rosoy" by whom she had one son and four daughters and naming their descendants[491]. 1237. m ROGER de Rosoy, son of --- (before 1246).

g) ADELAIDE d'Avesnes (-[23 Sep 1266]). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Machtildem, Aelidem, Adeluyam et Agnetem" as the four daughters of "Nicolai Plukelli filius primogenitus Jacobus" and his wife, adding that "tertia…filia…Adeluya" married "domino de Enghien Engelberto" by whom she had one son and two daughters and naming their descendants[492]. m ENGELBERT [IV] Seigneur d'Enghien, son of ENGELBERT [III] Seigneur d´Enghien & his wife Elisabeth de Trazegnies. 1205/42.

h) ADE d'Avesnes (-after 1249). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Machtildem, Aelidem, Adeluyam et Agnetem" as the four daughters of "Nicolai Plukelli filius primogenitus Jacobus" and his wife, adding that she married "comiti de Grandi-prato"[493]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. Heiress of Hans. “Ada domina de Hans, quondam comitissa Suessionensis” acknowledged the homage given by her to “Theobaldo regi Navarræ et comiti Campaniæ" by charter dated Dec 1238[494]. m firstly as his second wife, HENRI [III] Comte de Grandpre, son of HENRI [II] Comte de Grandpré & his wife Luitgard de Luxembourg (-1211). m secondly (before 1223) RAOUL de Nesle Comte de Soissons, son of RAOUL Seigneur de Nesle, Châtelain de Bruges & his wife Gertrude de Montaigu (-4 Jan 1235).

2. IDA d'Avesnes (-[1205]). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Iacobum et Idam castellanam Sancti Audemari" as children of "Nicolao de Avenes" & his wife[495]. The Chronicon Hanoniense refers to the daughter of "Nicholaus filius [Walteri…de Avethnes]" & his wife as "Willelmo…castellano Sancti Audomari maritatam"[496]. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "Nicolaus Plukellus…filiam…Ydam" married "castellano Sancti Audomaro Wilelmo"[497]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not yet been identified. m firstly ENGUERRAND Comte de Saint Pol, son of HUGUES [III] "Candavène" Comte de Saint-Pol & his first wife --- (-1170). m secondly (before 1171) as his first wife, GUILLAUME [IV] Châtelain de Saint Omer Seigneur de Fauquemberques, son of GUILLAUME [III] Châtelain de Saint-Omer & his wife Mathilde ---. 1178/1190.

3. FASTRE d'Avesnes . The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Jacobum et Fastradum" as the two sons of "Nicolaus Plukellus"[498]. Avoué of La Flamengerie. m ---. The name of Fastre's wife is not known. Fastre & his wife had three children:

a) NICOLAS d'Avesnes . The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "domino Jacobo de Avesnes…fratre suo…[advocatum] de Flammengeria" had two sons and one daughter, naming "primogenitus dominus Nicolaus"[499]. Avoué of La Flamengerie. m --- de Walaincourt, daughter of ---. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "domino Jacobo de Avesnes…fratre suo…[advocatum] de Flammengeria…primogenitus dominus Nicolaus" married "sorore Balduini Buridan domini de Walaincourt"[500]. Nicolas & his wife had one child:

i) FASTRE d'Avesnes . The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Fastradi secundi" as oldest son of "[advocatum] de Flammengeria…primogenitus dominus Nicolaus"[501]. Avoué of La Flamengerie. m --- de Rume, daughter of ---. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "[advocatum] de Flammengeria…primogenitus dominus Nicolaus" married "sorore domini Karonis de Rume"[502]. Fastre & his wife had three children:

(a) son . The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "[advocatum] de Flammengeria…primogenitus dominus Nicolaus" and his wife had one son who died young[503].

(b) EVA . The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Yoia" as older daughter of the oldest son of Fastradi secundi" and his wife, adding that she married "domino Egidio de Barlainmont" and listing their descendants[504]. m GUY de Berlaimont, son of ---.

(c) ADELAIDE . The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Aelidis" as second daughter of "Fastradi secundi", adding that she married "domino Arnulpho de la Hamaide" and listing their descendants[505]. m ARNOUL de la Hamaide, son of ---.

ii) BAUDOUIN . The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Balduinus…Fastradi frater"[506]. m as her second husband, ---, widow of --- de Berlaimont, daughter of ---. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "Balduinus…Fastradi frater" married "matrem domini Egidii de Barlainmont, qui duxit neptem eius", and names their descendants[507].

iii) three sons . The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "domino Jacobo de Avesnes…fratre suo…[advocatum] de Flammengeria…primogenitus dominus Nicolaus" and his wife had five sons and numerous daughters[508].

iv) daughter . The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "domino Jacobo de Avesnes…fratre suo…[advocatum] de Flammengeria…primogenitus dominus Nicolaus" and his wife had five sons and numerous daughters, one of whom married "domino Almerico d´Aute-ville" by whom she had two daughters (whose descendants are named)[509]. m AIMERY de Hauteville, son of ---.

v) daughters . The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "domino Jacobo de Avesnes…fratre suo…[advocatum] de Flammengeria…primogenitus dominus Nicolaus" and his wife had five sons and numerous daughters[510].

b) JACQUES d'Avesnes . The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "alius…frater domini Nicolai de Flammengeria, filii domini Fastradi" was "clericus et…episcopus Tornacensis"[511]. Bishop of Tournai.

c) daughter . The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "domino Jacobo de Avesnes…fratre suo…[advocatum] de Flammengeria" had two sons and one daughter[512].

4. daughter. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m --- de Popinelle .

5. [RADULPH . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1174.]

1. BAUDOUIN d'Avesnes, son of --- . 1196/1233. His relationship to the Avesnes family set out above has not been found, but he may have been related to Fastre d'Avesnes, younger son of Nicolas Seigneur d'Avesnes, who is recorded as avoué of la Flamengerie (see above). Seigneur de la Flamengerie. m as her second husband, HELVIDE de Hainaut, widow of GILLES Sire de Berlaymont, daughter of GUILLAUME de Hainaut Seigneur de Thy-le-Château & his wife Helvide de Saint-Saulve.

BOUCHARD d'Avesnes, son of JACQUES Seigneur d'Avesnes, de Leuze et de Condé & his wife Adeline de Guise ([1180]-1244, bur Clairefontaine). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "Buchardi Avenennsis" as brother of "Galteri comitis Blesensis", specifying that he married "Margareta"[513]. Seigneur d´Etroen. Bailli de Hainaut. Canon of Saint Pierre at Lille. After his marriage, which was arranged by Philippe II King of France, he demanded a share of his late father-in-law's inheritance. After his sister-in-law Jeanne Ctss of Flanders complained to Pope Innocent III, the marriage was annulled by the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 on the basis that Bouchard had previously taken holy orders. The couple remained together until Bouchard was captured by his sister-in-law in 1219. He was released two years later on condition that he separated from his wife[514].

m (before 23 Jul 1212, annulled 1215, separated [1221]) as her first husband, MARGUERITE de Flandres, daughter of BAUDOUIN IX Count of Flanders [BAUDOUIN VI Comte de Hainaut] & his wife Marie de Champagne (2 Jun 1202-10 Feb 1280). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names (in order) "Iohannam et Margaretam" as the two daughters of "Balduinus"[515]. The Chronica Monasterii Sancti Bertini records that "secunda filia Margareta" was born after her parents left on their travels[516]. On the other hand, according to Villehardouin Comtesse Marie stayed behind when her husband left on Crusade, gave birth, and afterwards left for Acre where she died[517]. After her father's death, she was sent to Paris with her sister on the orders of Philippe II King of France[518]. Matthew of Paris names Bouchard as first husband of Marguerite in his description of the background to the war in Flanders in 1254[519]. Her first marriage was arranged by King Philippe II, her husband being a noble from Hainaut whose family had long supported French interests. Her first husband demanded a share of his late father-in-law's inheritance and, after complaining to Pope Innocent III, the marriage was annulled by the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 as Bouchard d'Avesnes had previously taken holy orders. The couple remained together until Bouchard was captured by his sister-in-law Ctss Jeanne in 1219. He was released two years later on condition he separate from his wife[520]. Pope Gregory IX declared the marriage invalid 31 Mar 1237 and the children illegitimate[521]. She married secondly ([18 Aug/15 Nov] 1223) Guillaume [II] Seigneur de Dampierre. The Iohannis de Thilrode Chronicon records the marriage of "Marghareta" and "Willelmo de Dampetra"[522]. Matthew of Paris names Guillaume as second husband of Marguerite in his description of the background to the war in Flanders in 1254[523]. The Annales Blandinienses record the succession in 1244 of "Margareta soror eius [=Iohanna comitissa}"[524]. She succeeded her sister in 1244 as MARGUERITE II Ctss of Flanders and Ctss de Hainaut, both her husbands having died. Her children by her first marriage claimed their inheritance, but Louis IX King of France ruled in 1246 that Hainaut should be given to the Avesnes children and Flanders to the Dampierre children[525]. She abdicated 29 Dec 1278 in favour of her son Guy de Dampierre. The Necrologio Sanctæ Waldetrudis records the death "IV Id Feb" of "Margarete Flandrie et Hanonie…comitisse"[526].

Bouchard d'Avesnes & his wife had three children:

1. BAUDOUIN d'Avesnes (-before 1219). Matthew of Paris mentions the "two other children" of his parents, when recording the parentage of his brother Jean, but does not give their names[527]. The primary source which confirms his name has not yet been identified.

2. JEAN d'Avesnes (Apr 1218-24 Dec 1257, bur Valenciennes). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "Iohannem et Balduinem" as the two sons of "Buchardi Avenennsis [et] Margaretæ"[528]. His parentage is recorded by Matthew of Paris in his description of the background to the war in Flanders in 1254[529]. He succeeded in 1246 as JEAN I Comte de Hainaut.

- COMTES de HAINAUT.

3. BAUDOUIN d'Avesnes (Sep 1219-10 Apr 1295). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "Iohannem et Balduinem" as the two sons of "Buchardi Avenennsis [et] Margaretæ"[530]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Iohannem et Balduinem" as the two sons of "Margaretam comitisse Flandrie quem Burchardus clericus de Avennis rapuerat"[531]. Matthew of Paris mentions the "two other children" of his parents, when recording the parentage of his brother Jean, but does not give their names[532]. His date of birth is indicated by the charter dated Jan [1234/35] under which Louis IX King of France records that “Balduinus, frater eius [Johannes]…Buchardi postnatus” was 15 years old “mense septembri nuper preterito”[533]. He and his brother were brought up in France after his parents separated, considered illegitimate because of the Papal annulment of their marriage[534]. Seigneur de Beaumont. He and his brother were legitimated by the Pope in 1251, on the request of his mother[535]. The Necrologio Sanctæ Waldetrudis records the death "IV Id Apr" of "domini Balduini de Avesnes militis"[536]. m firstly ([1239/40]) ---, daughter of SARONIUS of Kujavia & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly FELICITE de Coucy, daughter of THOMAS de Coucy Seigneur de Vervins & his wife Mathilde de Rethel (-1307). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated Jul 1257 by which "Baudouin d´Avesnes sire de Beaumont" consented to "son oncle Gaucher comte de Rethel" receiving the homage of "son frère Thomas de Coucy sire de Vervins"[537]. Baudouin & his second wife had two children:

a) JEAN d'Avesnes (-18 Feb 1283). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur de Beaumont. m as her third husband, AGNES de Valence dame de Danfalize, widow firstly of MAURICE Fitzgerald Baron of Offaly and secondly of HUGH Balliol Baron of Bywell, daughter of GUILLAUME de Lusignan dit de Valence & his wife Joan Munchensy. The primary source which confirms her parentage and three marriages has not yet been identified. Dame de Danfalize. Jean & his wife had [four] children:

i) JEAN d'Avesnes (-1297). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

ii) BAUDOUIN d'Avesnes (-1299). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur de Beaumont.

iii) FELICITE d'Avesnes (-1282). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

iv) [JEANNE d'Avesnes . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Abbess of Flines 1301.]

b) BEATRICE d'Avesnes (-Abbaye de Beaumont, Valenciennes 25 Feb 1321, bur Abbaye de Beaumont). The Gesta Baldewini de Luczenburch names "Domina Beatrice de Bellomonte in Hannonia" as wife of "Henrico Comite Luczelinburgensi"[538]. The primary source which confirms her parentage more precisely has not yet been identified. She was heiress of the seigneuries of Dourlers and Consorres[539]. She was regent of Luxembourg 1288-1295, during the minority of her son, after which she retired to Valenciennes[540]. m (1261) HENRI de Luxembourg, son of HENRI V Comte de Luxembourg & his wife Marguerite de Bar ([1250]-killed in battle Worringen 5 Jun 1288). He succeeded in 1281 as HENRI VI Comte de Luxembourg.

C. SEIGNEURS de CONDE

1. MATTHIEU . "Alardus dominus de Antonio" noted donations to "ecclesiæ B. Mariæ de novo Condato" made by "vir nobilis dominus Matthæus de veteri Condato et nobilis mulier domina Eva uxor eius et eiusdem successores, Nicolaus frater suus et dominus Ægidius de Peronne et dominus Joannes de Crespinio", by charter dated 1216[541]. m EVA, daughter of ---. "Alardus dominus de Antonio" noted donations to "ecclesiæ B. Mariæ de novo Condato" made by "vir nobilis dominus Matthæus de veteri Condato et nobilis mulier domina Eva uxor eius et eiusdem successores, Nicolaus frater suus et dominus Ægidius de Peronne et dominus Joannes de Crespinio", by charter dated 1216[542].

2. NICOLAS . "Alardus dominus de Antonio" noted donations to "ecclesiæ B. Mariæ de novo Condato" made by "vir nobilis dominus Matthæus de veteri Condato et nobilis mulier domina Eva uxor eius et eiusdem successores, Nicolaus frater suus et dominus Ægidius de Peronne et dominus Joannes de Crespinio", by charter dated 1216[543].

1. ROGER (-after 1218). Seigneur de Condé. “Rogerius in parte dominus de Condato” donated dîmes from property, previously received by "duobus filiis meis clericis Godefrido et Gualtero…quoad vixerint", to the church of Condé, with the consent of "Nicolai filii mei", by charter dated to [1200] witnessed by "Nicolaus de Condato et Gerardus frater eius…"[544]. "Rogerus de Condato et uxor mea Beatrix et Agnes uxoris meæ filia" donated property "juxta villam de Bleki" to the church of Condé by charter dated 1218[545]. m firstly ALIX de Mons, daughter of GOSSUIN [II] de Mons & his wife Beatrix de Rumigny (-before 1207). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "filium unicum Gossuinum et filias Ydam…et Mathildem…et Aelidem…et Rixam…et Beatricem…et Agnetem" as children of "Gossuino de Montibus" and his wife Beatrix de Rumigny, adding that Alix married "Rogero de Condato"[546]. The necrology of Brogne records the death "XI Kal Oct" of "Aleidis de Condei"[547]. m secondly as her second husband, BEATRIX, widow of ---, daughter of ---. "Rogerus de Condato et uxor mea Beatrix et Agnes uxoris meæ filia" donated property "juxta villam de Bleki" to the church of Condé by charter dated 1218[548]. Roger & his wife had four children:

a) NICOLAS de Condé (-23 Jun ----). “Rogerius in parte dominus de Condato” donated dîmes from property, previously received by "duobus filiis meis clericis Godefrido et Gualtero…quoad vixerint", to the church of Condé, with the consent of "Nicolai filii mei", by charter dated to [1200] witnessed by "Nicolaus de Condato et Gerardus frater eius…"[549]. Seigneur de Bailleul. The necrology of Brogne records the death "IX Kal Jul" of "Nicholaus…dominus de Condato"[550]. m as her first husband, ELISABETH de Morialmes, daughter of ARNOUL [IV] Sire de Morialmes et de Han-sur-Lesse & his wife ---. She married secondly Robert [VI] de Béthune. Nicolas & his wife had three children:

i) JACQUES de Condé (-[1258/59]).

- see below.

ii) JOIE de Condé . m GILLES [II] de Beaumez-lez-Cambrai Châtelain de Péronne, son of ---.

iii) ISABELLE de Condé . m ENGUERRAND Seigneur de Fiennes, son of GUILLAUME [I] Seigneur de Fiennes & his wife Agnes de Dammartin (-1267).

b) GERARD . “Rogerius in parte dominus de Condato” donated dîmes from property, previously received by "duobus filiis meis clericis Godefrido et Gualtero…quoad vixerint", to the church of Condé, with the consent of "Nicolai filii mei", by charter dated to [1200] witnessed by "Nicolaus de Condato et Gerardus frater eius…"[551].

c) GODEFROI (-1234). “Rogerius in parte dominus de Condato” donated dîmes from property, previously received by "duobus filiis meis clericis Godefrido et Gualtero…quoad vixerint", to the church of Condé, with the consent of "Nicolai filii mei", by charter dated to [1200] witnessed by "Nicolaus de Condato et Gerardus frater eius…"[552]. Bishop of Cambrai.

d) GAUTHIER . “Rogerius in parte dominus de Condato” donated dîmes from property, previously received by "duobus filiis meis clericis Godefrido et Gualtero…quoad vixerint", to the church of Condé, with the consent of "Nicolai filii mei", by charter dated to [1200] witnessed by "Nicolaus de Condato et Gerardus frater eius…"[553]. Thesaurarius of Cambrai.

JACQUES de Condé, son of NICOLAS Seigneur de Condé & his wife Elisabeth de Morialmes (-[1258/59]).

m (before 8 Nov 1235) AGNES de Rœulx, daughter of EUSTACHE Canivet Seigneur de Rœulx & his wife Marie de Tournai (-after 30 Sep 1247).

Jacques & his wife had three children:

1. NICOLAS de Condé (-23 Jun 1293). "Nichols de Condeit Sires de Beilleul et de Moriames" acknowledged holding fiefs "en la ville de Court" from "Iean duc de Lothier et de Brabant" by charter dated 3 Apr 1280[554]. m (before 7 Apr 1245) CATHERINE de Cayeux Dame de Carency en Artois, daughter of GUILLAUME de Cayeux & his [second wife Mathilde de Poix Dame de Villars-Faucon] (-after Oct 1281). La Gorgue-Rosny records her parentage and marriage but does not cite the corresponding primary source[555]. "Nicholaus de Condato dominus de Moriaumes miles et Katerina uxor eius domina de Karenci" notified sales of property to the church of Saint-Barthélemy de Béthune by charter dated 7 Apr 1245[556]. "Nicholes de Condet sire de Moriaumes et…Katherine sa feme dame de Karenchi" confirmed a donation of property "de Sains" made by "Simon de Villers chevalier jadis baillius d´Artois" by charter dated Oct 1281[557]. Nicolas & his wife had four children:

a) GUILLAUME de Condé (-12 Jul 1302).

- see below.

b) AGNES (-10 Nov 1301). m (before 1284) DIRK [V] Heer van Beveren Burchgraeve van Dixmuiden, son of --- (-before Oct 1293).

c) ISABEAU (-before 1322). m GERARD [V] Sire de Jauche, de Hierges et de Baudeur, son of --- (-before 1314).

d) CATHERINE (-after 20 May 1329). Dame de Buquoy, de Duisant et d´Aubigny. m firstly RENAUD Sire de Culant, son of ---. m secondly (before 1297) JACQUES de Châtillon Seigneur de Leuze et de Condé, son of GUY [II] de Châtillon-sur-Marne Comte de Saint-Pol & his wife Mathilde de Brabant (-killed in battle Courtrai 11 Jul 1302).

2. ISABELLE de Condé (-after 1280). "Nichols de Condeit Sire de Moriames" recorded disputes between "Arnous Cuens de Los" and "madame Isabeau masseur et Jean et Jacquemin ses fils" and that "Arnous" had granted his possessions "en la terre de Warc, Agimont et Givet" to "Jean et Jacquemin ses freres enfans susdite" in return for their renunciation of claims "en la comté de Los", by charter dated Apr 1280[558]. m as his second wife, JEAN [I] Comte de Looz, son of ARNAUD [IV] Comte de Looz & his wife Jeanne de Chiny (-19 Jan 1279).

3. JOIE de Condé (-after Aug 1271). m THIERRY [III] Sire de Walcourt et de Rochefort, son of ---. 1252/76.

GUILLAUME de Condé, son of NICOLAS Seigneur de Condé & his wife Catherine de Cavon (-12 Jul 1302).

m as her second husband, BEATRIX de Thourotte Dame de Ronsoy, widow of GUILLAUME de Bailleul, daughter of ANSOUL [II] de Thourotte Seigneur d´Offemont & his wife ---.

Guillaume & his wife had six children:

1. ROBERT de Condé (-13 Apr 1359). Seigneur de Belœil. m firstly ISABELLE de Hénin, daughter of BAUDOUIN de Hénin Sire de Fontaine-l´Evêque & his wife --- (-31 Aug 1349). m secondly (before 18 Nov 1358) as her second husband, MARIE van Ghistelles, widow of THOMAS Heer van Diest, daughter of JAN [IV] Heer van Ghistelles & his wife ---. Robert & his wife had one child:

a) JEANNE de Condé "de Morialmes" (31 Oct 1345-). m SOHIER [II] d´Enghien, son of GAUTHIER [III] Seigneur d'Enghien & his wife Isabeau de Brienne (-executed 21 Mar 1364). He succeeded his father in 1345 as Seigneur d'Enghien. He succeeded his mother in 1360 as Comte de Brienne, titular Duke of Athens.

b) JEAN [II] de Condé (14 Aug 1349-20 Sep 1391, bur Mechelen). Sire de Morialmé, de Bailleul et de Fontaine m (before 22 Nov 1378) as her first husband, MARIE de Luxembourg, daughter of GUY de Luxembourg Comte de Ligny & his wife Mathilde de Châtillon-Saint-Pol (-[1396]). She married secondly Simon [II] Graf von Salm.

2. JEANNE (-[1325]). m (before 19 Sep 1319) FASTRE Sire de Ligne, son of --- (-Venice 28 Dec 1337, bur Venice).

Chapter 8. SEIGNEURS de BARBANÇON

1. ISAAC de Barbançon . m --- de Rumigny, daughter of NICOLAS [II] Seigneur de Rumigny & his second wife Aleidis de Hainaut. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to the six daughters of "Nicholaum" & his second wife, specifying that the second married "Isaac de Barbenzun" by whom she had daughters[559]. The Chronicon Hanoniense refers to a fourth unnamed sister of "Nicholaum…Ruminium possedit [filius Nicholai]", specifying that she married "Ysaac de Barbencion, pari castro Montensis, qui filium habuit Nicholaum"[560]. Isaac & his wife had children:

a) NICOLAS [I] de Barbançon (-after Apr 1201). The Chronicon Hanoniense refers to a fourth unnamed sister of "Nicholaum…Ruminium possedit [filius Nicholai]", specifying that she married "Ysaac de Barbencion, pari castro Montensis, qui filium habuit Nicholaum"[561]. Seigneur de Barbançon. "Ludovici advocate Hasbanie" sold the advocacy of Flône, and other rights relating to churches of Liège, to "domino comiti Hainoensi…Balduino", by charter dated 1190, witnessed by "Wilhelmus frater comitis Hainoensis, Alardus de Cimai, Nicholaus de Barbentione…"[562]. "…Nicolai de Barbençon…Gilonis de Barbençon…" signed the charter dated Apr 1201 under which Baudouin IX Count of Flanders donated property to several monasteries before leaving for Jerusalem[563].

2. GILLES de Barbançon (-after Apr 1201). "…Nicolai de Barbençon…Gilonis de Barbençon…" signed the charter dated Apr 1201 under which Baudouin IX Count of Flanders donated property to several monasteries before leaving for Jerusalem[564].

Chapter 9. SEIGNEURS de CHIMAY

1. ALARD [III] de Chimay, son of --- . Seigneur de Chimay. m as her first husband, IDA de Coucy, daughter of THOMAS Comte d´Amiens, Seigneur de Coucy & his first wife Ida de Hainaut . The Annales Lobienses refer to the two daughters of "Thomam de Marla" & his wife, specifying that one (unnamed, mentioned first) married "Alardo de Cymaco" by whom she was mother of "Gilonem" and after his death "Bernardo de Urbais", by whom she was mother of "Engelranum"[565]. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Ydam" as one of the daughters of "Thome de Marla" & his wife "comitis Hainoniensis soror" specifying that she married "Alardo de Cymaco agnomine Poliere, pari Castri Montensis" by whom she was mother of "Engelramum"[566]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Basilia" as one of the two daughters of "Thomam de Cocy", specifying that her husband was "Alardo de Cimay"[567]. Ida married secondly ([1125]) Bernard d´Orbais. Alard & his wife had two children:

a) GILO de Chimay . The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Gilonem et Hadwidem" as children of "Alardo de Cimay" & his wife[568].

b) HADWIDE de Chimay , The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Gilonem et Hadwidem" as children of "Alardo de Cimay" & his wife, specifying that Hadwide was mother of "Cono de Vilers et de Han"[569]. m --- de Vilars et de Han, son of ---.

c) [daughter . The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to "filia Alardi de Cimaco" as the unnamed first wife of "Nicholaum"[570]. m as his second wife, NICOLAS [II] Seigneur de Rumigny et de Florennes, son of NICOLAS [I] Seigneur de Florennes & his wife --- (-1153 or after).]

2. ALARD de Chimay (-after 1190). "Ludovici advocate Hasbanie" sold the advocacy of Flône, and other rights relating to churches of Liège, to "domino comiti Hainoensi…Balduino", by charter dated 1190, witnessed by "Wilhelmus frater comitis Hainoensis, Alardus de Cimai, Nicholaus de Barbentione…"[571]. m ---. The name of Alard´s wife is not known. Alard & his wife had one child:

a) ROGER de Chimay (-after 1218). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. "Rogerus de Cimaco…castellaniam de Covinio" confirmed his rights and those of the bishop of Liège in Couvin by charter dated 1218, signed by "Ludovici comitis de Chisni, Egidii de Hierge, Arnulphi de Morelmes, Jacobi de Orcismont"[572].

Chapter 10. SEIGNEURS d'ENGHIEN

1. HUGUES d´Enghien (-after 1157). "…Hugonis de Engien, Sigeri filii eius…" signed a charter dated 1157 under which Baudouin IV Comte de Hainaut settled a dispute between the abbey of Crespin and "Theodericum, villicum suum de Harminiaco"[573]. m ---. The name of Hugues´s wife is not known. Hugues & his wife had children:

a) ENGELBERT [III] d´Enghien (-after 1200). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur d´Enghien. m ELISABETH de Trazegnies, daughter of OTHON [I] de Trazegnies & his wife Mathilde --- (-before 1214). “Engelbertus dominus de Aienghien” confirmed the donation of property "in parochia Anderlechtensi" to Voorst abbey made by "Elisabeth mater mea piæ memoriæ" by charter dated 1214[574]. Engelbert [III] & his wife had one child:

i) ENGELBERT [IV] d´Enghien (-after 1242). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur d´Enghien.

- see below.

b) SOHIER d´Enghien (-[1170]). "…Hugonis de Engien, Sigeri filii eius…" signed a charter dated 1157 under which Baudouin IV Comte de Hainaut settled a dispute between the abbey of Crespin and "Theodericum, villicum suum de Harminiaco"[575]. m as her first husband, IDA de Mons, daughter of GOSSUIN [II] de Mons & his wife Beatrix de Rumigny (-after 1185). The Chronicon Hanoniense names "filium unicum Gossuinum et filias Ydam…et Mathildem…et Aelidem…et Rixam…et Beatricem…et Agnetem" as children of "Gossuino de Montibus" and his wife Beatrix de Rumigny, adding that Ida married "Sohero de Aenghen, postea Renero de Iacea et demum Balduino Carim"[576]. She married secondly Renier de Jauche, and thirdly ([1185]) Baudouin de Rumes.

ENGELBERT [IV] d'Enghien, son of ENGELBERT [III] Seigneur d´Enghien & his wife Elisabeth de Trazegnies (-after 1242). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur d´Enghien. “Engelbertus dominus de Aienghien” confirmed the donation of property "in parochia Anderlechtensi" to Voorst abbey made by "Elisabeth mater mea piæ memoriæ" by charter dated 1214[577]. “Engelbertus dominus de Enghien” confirmed the donation made to "ecclesiæ de Cantiprato" made by "dominus Joannes de Monte miles", with the consent of "Sigerus primogenitus domini de Enghien", by charter dated Jun 1234[578].

m ADELAIDE d´Avesnes, daughter of JACQUES Seigneur d'Avesnes & his wife Adeline de Guise (-[23 Sep 1266]). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Machtildem, Aelidem, Adeluyam et Agnetem" as the four daughters of "Nicolai Plukelli filius primogenitus Jacobus" and his wife, adding that "tertia…filia…Adeluya" married "domino de Enghien Engelberto"[579].

Engelbert [IV] & his wife had three children:

1. SOHIER d´Enghien (-1256 or after). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Sigerus" as the son of "domino de Enghien Engelberto" and his wife[580]. “Engelbertus dominus de Enghien” confirmed the donation made to "ecclesiæ de Cantiprato" made by "dominus Joannes de Monte miles", with the consent of "Sigerus primogenitus domini de Enghien", by charter dated Jun 1234[581]. “Sigerus dominus de Anghien” confirmed donations made to "ecclesiæ de Cantiprato" by "patris mei", with the consent of "Aelidis uxor prædicti Sigeri et Walterus primogenitus eorundem", by charter dated Sep 1246[582]. m (before 1219) ALIX van Zotteghem, daughter of WALTER Heer van Zotteghem & his wife Richilde de Tournai (-after Sep 1246). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "Sigerus…de Enghien" married "filia domini de Sottenghen"[583]. “Sigerus dominus de Anghien” confirmed donations made to "ecclesiæ de Cantiprato" by "patris mei", with the consent of "Aelidis uxor prædicti Sigeri et Walterus primogenitus eorundem", by charter dated Sep 1246[584]. Sohier & his wife had ten children:

a) GAUTHIER [I] d´Enghien (-[9 May] 1271). The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Walterus" as oldest son of "Sigerus…de Enghien" and his wife