LOWER lotharingia, nobility
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 4. COMTES et CHÂTELAINS de CAMBRAI
Chapter 7. GRAFEN von HATTUARIA
Chapter 9. COMTES de LIEGE (LUIHGAU)
Chapter 10. GRAVEN van MAASGAU (MASAU)
Chapter 11. GRAFEN von TUBALGO
Chapter 12. GRAFEN von ZÜLPICH
Chapter 13. OTHER LOWER LOTHARINGIAN NOBILITY
A. FAMILY of BERHARD BISHOP of VERDUN
Lotharingia was an entirely artificial political creation and its name an artificial composition. Emperor Lothaire I, son of the Carolingian Emperor Louis I "the Pious" became king of Lotharingia under the division of imperial territories agreed by the treaty of Verdun 11 Aug 843. The newly created kingdom covered a wide strip of land which stretched from the North Sea coast southwards to Italy, and included present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Germany west of the river Rhine, the French provinces of Alsace, Lorraine, Burgundy and Provence, Switzerland and parts of northern Italy, as well as the imperial cities of Aachen, Pavia and Rome. The kingdom was divided between the sons of Emperor Lothaire after he abdicated in 855, the territory called Lotharingia then being restricted to present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Germany west of the Rhine, the French provinces of Alsace, Lorraine, and Switzerland. Lotharingia was further divided between the East and West Frankish kingdoms in 870 following the death without direct male heirs of Lothaire II King of Lotharingia[1]. The boundary was marked by the river Maas/Meuse and its tributary the Ourche in the south. This division proved to be a temporary arrangement, but it set the scene for conflict between France and Germany over Lotharingia which was to last many years. Lotharingia was in effect integrated into the East Frankish kingdom (Germany) after the death in 900 of Zwentibold, last independent king of Lotharingia, but this was challenged by Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks. After the deposition of King Charles III in 923, German influence in the territory of Lotharingia predominated. According to Thietmar of Merseburg, Heinrich I King of Germany secured the release of King Charles from prison and in return was rewarded with "the right hand of St Denis and the entire kingdom of the Lotharingians"[2]. For the rest of the 10th century, this was a source of bitter dispute with the French kings who constantly attempted to invade Lotharingia to reassert control.
The duchies of Upper and Lower Lotharingia were created in 959 in response to local rebellions and in order to assert greater local control from Germany. At the outset, it is more accurate to describe the new rulers as "associate" dukes who governed under the central authority of Bruno Duke of Lotharingia (brother of the German king and also archbishop of Köln). In common with most administrative arrangements concerning Lotharingia, the division between the Upper and Lower duchies was artificial and poorly reflected natural, geographic, national and linguistic boundaries, although Upper Lotharingia corresponded roughly to the ecclesiastical province of Trier and Lower Lotharingia to the archbishopric of Köln.
The 870 treaty which divided the territory between the east and west Frankish kingdoms provides the best starting point for identifying the counties which developed within the kingdom of Lotharingia. The treaty sets out an apparently exhaustive list of the administrative entities which were allocated to the brothers Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks, cathedral towns, abbeys and counties.
The counties in the Lower Lotharingian duchy are set out in several different documents in Medieval Lands, being too numerous for a single file. The northern-most counties, in the ancient duchy of Frisia, the county of Holland and its neighbouring counties, all located in the territory of what is now The Netherlands, are described in the document HOLLAND. Moving further south to present-day Belgium, the counties of Brabant and Louvain which evolved into the duchy of Brabant are shown in the document BRABANT, LOUVAIN. The families of the counts of Hainaut, Namur and their respective vassals are set out in the two documents HAINAUT and NAMUR. The counts and dukes of Limburg, a later creation, are shown in LIMBURG. Other counts are referred to in contemporary primary source documentation without reference to their geographical counties, so cannot be categorised geographically: these individuals are set out in the Lotharingian chapter of the document GERMANY EARLY NOBILITY. The present document shows the remaining early medieval counties in Lower Lotharingia, in northern France, eastern Belgium and Germany west of the river Rhine. These are all small counties, some of which were short-lived and whose boundaries are difficult to define precisely. Assignment of counts to these counties was in many cases of short duration, with many changes and exchanges of territories (including between the Lower and Upper Lotharingian duchies) which renders satisfactory reconstruction of the comital families extremely challenging. What is clear is that a finite group of local higher nobility enjoyed power in both Upper and Lower Lotharingia, linked by family relationships many of which will never be confirmed precisely because of insufficient information in surviving primary sources. Onomastics is of some use in identifying possible connections, but the number of permutations through both male and female lines is generally too numerous to render precise identification anything other than speculative. This difficulty is increased because of the changes in comital assignments which make it impossible to assess with any accuracy the extent to which appointments were hereditary within the same families.
Another important question is whether the counts in these minor counties were counts "of" the counties (implying territorial exclusivity) or counts "in" the counties (which could involve some form of territorial division within each county). In other words, the extent to which the "county" in early medieval times represented a coherent administrative unit with recognised jurisdictional and territorial boundaries. The conclusion that a particular count "ruled" a particular county is based in many cases on a single phrase in a contemporary charter which asserts that a specific property was located (for example) "in pago Blesinsi in comitatu Odacri comitis", in accordance with the generally used formulation. However, this description does not guarantee that (in this case) Comte Odacre ruled in all parts of "pagus Blesensis". In fact, the wording could equally be interpreted as indicating that his jurisdiction was limited to the area surrounding his castle, which happened to include the property in question. In addition, many cases can be found where an individual count is recorded in charters in more than one county at approximately the same time. Research into the early pagi/counties in neighbouring Saxony and Franconia (see the documents GERMANY EARLY NOBILITY, SAXONY DUKES & ELECTORS, and FRANCONIA, NOBILITY) suggests that more than one count ruled at the same time in the larger counties, the counties of Grabfeld and Wormsgau being the obvious examples. This suggests that calling the local divisions "counties", as if they constituted fully functioning administrative units under a single central authority, may misrepresent the situation. Unfortunately there is insufficient surviving primary source data to provide a definitive answer to this question, but it is undoubtedly one which deserves further attention.
A single French county is identified in Lower Lotharingia, Cambrai which is referred to as "Cameracensem" in the 870 treaty. In Germany west of the Rhine, five counties are represented, the 870 treaty referring to but not naming "in Ribuarias comitatus quinque", which Vanderkindere identifies as Jülich, Zülpich, Eifel, Bonn and Köln[3]. The remaining counties in Lower Lotharingia lie in the eastern part of what is today Belgium. The March of Antwerp, in the north of Belgium and extending into southern Netherlands, was previously the county of Toxandrie ("Texandrum" in the 870 treaty). To the east of Toxandrie, the county of Maasgau or Masau (divided into "Masau subterior" and "Masau superior" in the 870 treaty) was located on both banks of the river Maas/Meuse, from Maastricht in the south to the county of Teisterbant in the north. The county of Tettuaria lay on the right bank of the Maas to the east of Maasgau, and north-east of the Ripuarian counties of western Germany. The county of Hesbaie ("in Hasbanio comitatus IV" in the 870 treaty, which Vanderkindere suggests were Avernas, which later became the county of Looz, "Brunengeruz" also known as Brugeron or Hougaerde, Louvain and "Haspinga") was south of a line from the river Demer in the west to the town of Maaseik in the east, west and north of the river Maas/Meuse as far as the river Dyle in the west. It included the city of Liège, although a county of Liège ("Liugas" in the 870 treaty) also existed for a brief time. The counties of Duras, Grez and Aarschot developed in the territory of the county of Hesbaie in the 11th and 12th centuries. The county of Condroz ("Condrust" in the 870 treaty) lay to the south of the river Meuse and the west of the river Ourthe, where the county of Huy developed in the mid-10th century, and the counties of Clermont and Durbuy in the late 11th century. The counties of Ardenne and Bastogne ("Arduenna" in the 870 treaty) were located in south-east Belgium, in the area in which the county of Montaigu developed in the mid-11th century, the counties of Bouillon, Laroche and Salm at the end of the 11th century, and Vianden and Clervaux in the 12th century.
By categorising the Lotharingian counties geographically, one should not lose sight of the powerful authority of a handful of noble families which acquired territories scattered throughout the whole area of the ancient kingdom of Lotharingia and whose influence was paramount in the development of the territory and on the wider international political scene in western Europe. Of particular note are:
The other important factor in the development of both Upper and Lower Lotharingia was the gradual acquisition of temporal power and territory by the archbishoprics of Köln and Trier, and the bishoprics of Cambrai, Liège, Metz, Toul, Utrecht and Verdun. This resulted in the suppression of many previously autonomous and powerful counties (for example Verdun in Upper Lotharingia) and the splintering of the territories of others (particularly those in Ripuarian western Germany).
The territory around and to the east of Antwerp was originally part of the pagus Toxandria, which lay south of the river Maas in what is now the southern part of the Netherlands, and east of the river Escaut and north of the river Dyle in northern Belgium. To the east, the county appears to have been bound by the marshes of Peel which marked the border with the county of Masau[4]. The pagus transformed into a county of the same name, as shown by the division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks which allocated "…comitatum Texandrum…" to King Charles[5]. Ecclesiastically, jurisdiction was split between the bishop of Cambrai in the western part of the county (equivalent to the doyenné of Antwerp, which extended to the east as far as Turnhout and Geel, and which originally formed the pagus Renensium or Riensis) and the bishop of Liège in the east[6]. Confirmation of its independent existence as a county in the 9th century is provided by the testament of Eberhard Marchese of Friulia (who died in 866) which names "Scelleburd…in comitatu Tassandrio"[7], suggesting that he may have been count in the area at the time. "Otto…imperator augustus" confirmed the donations to the convent of Nivelles including "hereditas sancta Gertrudis…in pago Tessandrio super fluvio Struona in villa…Bergon" by charter dated 24 Jan 966[8]. The Chronicon Laureshamense describes the church of Empel, near Bois-le-Duc, as "in pago Dehsendron in præsidatu Ansfridi comitis", referring to its foundation by the bishop of Liège dated to 969[9], which confirms Ansfrid [II] (later Comte de Huy) as the first known count in the area. Nicholas states that Emperor Otto II established marches on the right bank of the river Schelde from Valenciennes in the south to Antwerp in the north to counter the perceived threat from France during the early part of the reign of Arnoul II Count of Flanders[10]. The timing of the establishment of the march of Valenciennes is open to debate. Ansfrid resigned his counties and was appointed bishop of Utrecht in 995. It is not known whether he had already resigned Toxandria, or whether the march was created in parallel with his county, similar to the march of Valenciennes in the south of the county of Hainaut (see the document HAINAUT). The first mention of Antwerp as a county is the charter of Heinrich II King of Germany dated 1008, which names Gozelon, of the family of the comtes de Verdun, as count of Antwerp[11]. This charter does not specify that Antwerp was a march and, if we consider that protection against the French provided the original reason for the establishment of the marches in western Lower Lotharingia, Antwerp was too far from the border with France for this to have been a pressing need in its case. Nevertheless, Gozelon is referred to with the title marchio before he was installed as duke of Lower Lotharingia in 1023. By the mid-11th century, the countship of the march of Antwerp seems to have been definitively attached to the duchy of Lower Lotharingia, and subsequently appears to have become settled with the dukes of Limburg, although this is not without doubt.
1. ANSFRID [II], son of LAMBERT [Comte de Huy] & his wife [--- van der Betuwe] ([945/50]-3 May 1010). The Catalogo Abbatum Gemblacensium names "nobilem virem Lambertum" and "Anfrido, filio eiusdem Lamberti"[12]. Thietmar names Count Ansfrid who "sprung from the high lineage of his ancestors", specifying that he was brought up by Bruno Archbishop of Köln, became sword-bearer of Emperor Otto when the latter entered Rome, and founded the abbey of Thorn[13]. His birth date is estimated consistent with this report. "Gerberga…Francorum regina" donated "alodo…Marsnam in comitatu Masaugo" to Reims Saint-Rémy, confirmed by "comitibus Emmone et Ansfrido", for the souls of "senioris nostri piæ memoriæ Gisleberti suique…patris…et matris Rageneri et Albradæ", by charter dated 10 Feb 968, signed by "Arnulfi comitis…Emmonis comitis, Ansfridi comitis…"[14]. The Chronicon Laureshamense describes the church of Empel, near Bois-le-Duc, as "in pago Dehsendron in præsidatu Ansfridi comitis", referring to its foundation by the bishop of Liège dated to 969[15], which confirms Ansfrid [II] (later Comte de Huy) as the first known Comte de Toxandria. The Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium, added paragraph introduced by "Et pergit interpolator Hoiensis" referred to above, names "Ansfredi comitis" as the descendant of "Liethardus", specifying that he was Comte de Huy during the time of "Nothgeri Leodicensis episcopi"[16], the latter being bishop of Liège between 972 and 1007[17]. The Annales Colonienses specify that "Ansfridus comes laicus suscepto clericatu successit" in 995[18]. Thietmar records that he became a monk after the death of his wife and was appointed Bishop of Utrecht[19]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the election of "Ansfridus, qui pridem de seculari comite clericus attonsus est" as bishop of Utrecht, that he donated his lands "in comitatu Teysterbancie" and that he died "1007 V Non Mai"[20]. Vincentius Bellovacensis names "Anfridus, qui cum fuisset comes Bratuspantium"[21]. The chronicle of Alpertus names "Ansfridi episcopus Traiectenses", his daughter "abbatissa Tornensis monasterii" and "consanguineusque eius…Unruoch comes"[22]. Beke's Egmondscii Necrologium records the death "1008 V Non Mai" of "Anfridus ultimus comes Hoyensis", stating that he gave his county to the church of Liège, and specifying that he was also "comes Teysterbancie"[23].
1. GOZELON, son of GODEFROI Comte de Verdun & his wife Mechtild of Saxony ([968/73]-19 Apr 1044, bur Münsterbilsen). "Adalberonem…episcopum, Fredericum et Herimannum comites, Godefridum atque Gozelonem" are named (in order) as the five sons of "comiti Godefrido" and "Mathildis Saxoniæ comitissa" in the Gesta Episcoporum Virdunensium, which specifies that Godefroi and Gozelon succeeded as dukes[24]. He is named, and his parentage given, in the Annalista Saxo[25]. Count in the March of Antwerp. "Henricus…rex" granted property "inter flumina…Nitæ…Thila…Wauerwald in comitatu Gotizonis comitis qui Antwerk dicitur situm" to "nostrum bestiarum Baldrico sanctæ Leodicensis ecclesiæ presul nec non Baldrico comiti" by charter dated 12 Sep 1008[26]. "Ducis Godefridi eiusque fratris…marchionis Gozelonis" are named as present with Adalbold bishop of Utrecht at Driel, in an undated charter dated to before 1023, relating to the donation of Wamel[27]. He succeeded his brother in 1023 as GOZELON I Duke of Lower Lotharingia. Wipo, in his description of the election of Konrad II King of Germany in 1024, names him "Gozilo Duke of the Ripuarians"[28]. He succeeded in 1033 as GOZELON I Duke of Upper Lotharingia. "Adelaydis comitissa uxor quondam…Ludouici comitis" donated property "per manum Gozelonis ducis atque Godefridi…et pro eius amore Dominique Frederici prefati ducis fratris" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated to [1038/40], subscribed by "dux Gozelo et eius filius Godefridus"[29]. The Chronicon of Bernold records the death in 1044 of "Gozzilo dux Lotharingorum"[30]. The necrology of Lüneburg records the death "19 Apr" of "Gozlinus dux"[31]. Heinrich III King of Germany regranted "comitatum…in Thrente" to the bishop of Utrecht by charter dated 22 May 1046, which specifies that the grant was made "post obitum Gozlini ducis nostre"[32].
1. BAUDOUIN, son of BAUDOUIN V "le Pieux/Insulanus" Count of Flanders & his wife Adela de France ([1030]-Hasnon Abbey 17 Jul 1070). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names (in order) "Balduinum Haanoniensem, et Robdbertum cognomento postea Iherosolimitanum, et Matilde uxorem Guillelmi regis Anglorum" as the children of "Balduinum Insulanum [et] Adelam"[33]. Baudouin's father sent him to be educated at the court of Emperor Heinrich III, who installed him as count in the march of Antwerp in [1045], although this was taken away in [1050] after his father opposed the emperor[34]. He succeeded in 1055 as BAUDOUIN I Comte de Hainaut, by right of his wife. He succeeded his father in 1067 as BAUDOUIN VI Count of Flanders.
1. FREDERIC, son of FRIEDRICH Graf [im Moselgau], Vogt of Stablo and Malmédy [Luxembourg] & his wife [--- von Hammerstein] [Konradiner] (-28 Aug 1065, bur Stablo). He was installed by Heinrich III King of Germany as FREDERIC Duke of Lower Lotharingia in 1046. He was installed as count in the march of Antwerp, after this was recaptured from Baudouin V Count of Flanders by Emperor Heinrich III in 1049. Vogt of Stablo and Malmédy.
The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks divided "…comitatum…de Arduenna…" between King Ludwig and King Charles[35]. The line of demarcation was the river Ourthe which cuts through Ardenne. The northern county included the abbey of Stavelot, and the southern county, which evolved into the county of Bastogne, the monastery of Saint-Hubert[36]. On the death of Gozelon Comte de Bastogne in [1028], it is assumed that the county reverted to his cousins the dukes of Lower Lotharingia[37]. At the end of the 11th century, the county of Salm emerged in the east of the county of Ardennes, the county of Laroche in the north, and the county centred on the castle of Bouillon in the southern[38]. The counties of Vianden and Clervaux emerged in the 12th century.
1. WIGERICH [II] (-after [14 Jan 877]). Count Wigerich [II] is included in the present chapter because of his name, which suggests a close family connection with count Wigerich [III] (see below), but the precise family relationship has not been established and no evidence has been found concerning the county which he ruled. An agreement between Agilmaro Archbishop of Vienne and "Wigerium comitem" is dated 853, naming as present "Gairardus quoque comes, Fulhcradus comes, Arnulfus comes, Autrannus comes, Begere comes, Vopoldus comes, Barnardus comes, Aldrigus comes, item Barnardus comes, Ingelramus comes, Gairangus comes"[39]. An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis…Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[40]. An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, names "Arnulfus comes, Gislebertus, Letardus, Matfridus, Widricus, Gotbertus, Adalbertus, Ingelgerus, Rainerus" as those willing to support the emperor's son if he travels across the Meuse[41]. It is not known whether "Widricus" refers to Wigerich [II] or Wigerich [III] (who died in [916/19], see below), although 877 seems early for this to apply to Wigerich [III]. m [EVA, daughter of ---. The Historia Walciodorensis monasterii names "Berta filiam Wederici comitis et Eva" as wife of "comes Ebroinus"[42]. Assuming that this ancestry is correct (bearing in mind the dubious nature of this source), it is chronologically more consistent if Berta was the daughter of Wigerich [II] rather than of Wigerich [III] and therefore that Eva was the wife of the former.] Wigerich [II] & his wife had [one] child:
a) [BERTA . The Historia Walciodorensis monasterii names "Berta filiam Wederici comitis et Eva" as wife of "comes Ebroinus", specifying that her dowry was "Florinas"[43]. Assuming that this ancestry is correct (bearing in mind the dubious nature of this source), it is chronologically more consistent if Berta was the daughter of Wigerich [II] than Wigerich [III]. m EBROIN, son of BOVO "Sin Barba" & his wife --- (-12 Sep ----).]
1. ODACRE [Odoacar] (-after [901/02]). Graf von Bliesgau: Robert Bishop of Metz granted property "in pago Blesinsi in comitatu Odacri comitis in villa…Letoltingos…" to Kloster Neumünster by charter dated 17 Feb 893[44]. King Zwentibold donated property of "…Odacrus…comes in pago Treuerens" to St Maximin, Trier by charter dated 28 Jan 897[45]. Regino records that in 897 "Stephanus, Odacar, Gerardus et Matfridus comites" had their honours confiscated, and the reconciliation of "Stephanus, Gerhardus et Matfridus" with King Zwentibold soon after[46]. Regino records that in 898 Zwentibold King of Lotharingia banished "Reginarium ducem…sibi fidissimum et unicum consiliarium" who went with "Odacro comite et quibusdam aliis, cum mulieribus et parvulis" to "Durfos" (near "Mosa fluvius") where they were besieged[47]. Regino names "Odacar comes" in 899[48]. Comte d'Ardenne 901-902. His name suggests a family connection with Baudouin Count of Flanders whose father bore the same name.
[Three] siblings, parents not known.
1. FREDERIC (-Trier 23 Oct 942, bur Trier). The Vita Iohannis Gorziensis names "Fridericus…infantulus quidem monasterio sancti Humberti…mancipatus" as "patruus…domni Adelberonis", adding that he shunned the monastic vocation but later retired to the abbey of Gorze, and afterwards became abbot at Saint-Hubert[49]. Nothing is known of his life outside the monasteries, apart from his advising his nephew Adalbero Bishop of Metz.
2. WIGERICH [III] (-[19 Jan 916/919], bur Abbaye de Saint-Glossinde, Metz). "Zuendeboldus…rex" donated property to the church of Trier by charter dated 23 Jan 899 which names "Richquinus et Widiacus…comites nostri"[50]. He was given the right to coin money in part of the archbishopric of Trier in 902[51]. Ludwig "das Kind" King of Germany restored property taken by "Conradus et Gebehartus comites" to the church of Trier with the consent of "Wigerici comitis" by charter dated 19 Sep 902[52]. Graf von Bidgau: the monastery of St Maximin exchanged property "in pago Nedinse in comitatu Liutardi in loco…Burmeringas" for property "in pago Bedinse in comitatu Widrici…villa…Eslingis" with "Roricus" (vassal of Trier) by charter dated 1 Jan 909, subscribed by "Widrici comitis"[53]. Comte d'Ardenne. Comes palatii of Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks in 916. King Charles III restored Kloster Süsteren to the abbey of Prüm by charter dated 19 Jan 916 which names "fidelium nostrorum…Widricus comes palatii, Richuuinus comes, Gislebertus, Matfridus, Beringerius comites, Theodericus comes, Reinherus comes, Erleboldus"[54]. m ([907/09]) as her first husband, CUNIGONDE, daughter of --- (-after 923). She is named as wife of Wigerich and mother of Adalberon in the diploma of Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks granting the abbey of Hastières to the church of Liège[55]. Her first and second marriages are confirmed by the Vita Iohannis Gorziensis which names "episcopo…Adalberone" (her son by her first husband) and "vitrico…eius Richizone" (her second husband)[56]. Secondary sources refer to the wife of Wigerich [III] as Cunigonde, granddaughter of Louis II "le Bègue" King of the West Franks, for example Rösch[57]. This is based on the assumption that she was the mother of Siegfried Count of Luxembourg, whose mother is named "Cynigund", daughter of "Irmindrud" daughter of King Louis II, in an 11th century genealogy which traces the ancestry of Siegfried's daughter Empress Kunigund[58]. Although there is a reference in one of Gerbert's letters to Siegfried being patruus of the Wigerich's grandson Gozelo[59], the chronology suggests that it is unlikely that Siegfried could have been Wigerich's son, as explained in the document LUXEMBOURG. It is therefore assumed that the wife of Wigerich [III] was not the same person as Cunigonde, mother of Siegfried. She married secondly ([916/19]) as his second wife, Richwin [Richizo] Comte [de Verdun]. Wigerich [III] & his wife had [six] children:
a) FREDERIC ([910/15]-[Jun/Jul] 978). Duke Frederic's parentage is deduced from the charter of "Otto…imperator augustus" dated 3 Jun 960, under which property was donated to Kloster St Petrus at Metz and which names "compater noster Adalbero…sanctæ Mettensis ecclesiæ presul [et] germano suo Friderico duce"[60], read together with the diploma of Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks which granted the abbey of Hastières to the church of Liège which names the parents of Adalberon[61]. He was installed as FREDERIC I Duke of Upper Lotharingia in 959.
b) ADALBERON ([910/15]-26 Apr 962, bur église de l'Abbaye de Gorze, [Moselle]). His parents are named in the diploma of Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks granting the abbey of Hastières to the church of Liège[62]. Elected Bishop of Metz 929. "Otto…imperator augustus" donated property to Kloster St Petrus at Metz by charter dated 3 Jun 960 which names "compater noster Adalbero…sanctæ Mettensis ecclesiæ presul [et] germano suo Friderico duce"[63].
c) GISELBERT (-24 Nov before 965, bur église de l'Abbaye de Gorze, [Moselle]). "Friderici, Gisilberti, Sigeberti fratrum predicti Gozlini" subscribed the charter dated 943 which refers to "Gozlines…miles…ex nobilissimis regni Chlotarii ducens prosapia" and the donation by "uxor eius Uda et filius eius…Regingerus" to St Maximin at Trier[64]. As Frederic is known to have been the brother of Adalberon Bishop of Metz, whose parents are known (see above), it is assumed that all five individuals were sons of Wigeric and Cunegondis (although it is also possible that some or all of them were uterine brothers born from the second marriage of Cunegundis). Comte in the Ardennes in 963. Property "in comitatu Giselberti comitis in pago Arduenne in villa…Viulna" was among that exchanged by "Sigefridus comes de nobili genere natus" with St Maximin for the castle of Luxembourg by charter dated 17 Apr 963[65]. The necrology of Gorze records the death "VIII Kal Dec" of "Gislebertus comes qui dedit nobis V mansos de terra"[66]. m HADWIDE, daughter of --- (-23 Feb after 965). “Hadewidis quondam coniunx Gisleberti comitis necnon et filius eiusdem Gautfridus” donated property “in pago et comitatu Moslinsi in loco…Daganem” to Gorze Abbey by charter dated 939 (misdated), which notes that Giselbert was buried in the abbey[67]. Gislebert & his wife had one child:
i) GODEFROI . “Hadewidis quondam coniunx Gisleberti comitis necnon et filius eiusdem Gautfridus” donated property “in pago et comitatu Moslinsi in loco…Daganem” to Gorze Abbey by charter dated 939[68]. 938/65.
d) SIEGBERT (-after [14 Jul 947]). "Friderici, Gisilberti, Sigeberti fratrum predicti Gozlini" subscribed the charter dated 943 which refers to "Gozlines…miles…ex nobilissimis regni Chlotarii ducens prosapia" and the donation by "uxor eius Uda et filius eius…Regingerus" to St Maximin at Trier[69]. As Frederic is known to have been the brother of Adalberon Bishop of Metz, whose parents are known (see above), it is assumed that all five individuals were sons of Wigeric and Cunegondis (although it is also possible that some or all of them were uterine brothers born from the second marriage of Cunegundis). "Otto…rex" granted property "in pago Lere in comitatu Heinrici comitis…in pago autem Hasagovue in comitatu Livtolfi…in pago Agartinga in comitatu Sigiberti" to Kloster Engern by charter dated 14 Jul 947[70]. No Siegbert, other than the son of Wigerich [III], has been identified to whom this can refer.
e) GOZELON ([before 915]-[12 Oct 942/16 Feb 943]). His parentage is indicated by the charter dated 943 which refers to "Gozlines…miles…ex nobilissimis regni Chlotarii ducens prosapia" (the wording implying that he was then deceased) and the donation by "uxor eius Uda et filius eius…Regingerus" to St Maximin at Trier of property "Hunzelinesdorph", subscribed by "Ogonis abbatis, Friderici, Gisilberti, Sigeberti fratrum predicti Gozlini"[71]. As Frederic is known to have been the brother of Adalberon Bishop of Metz, whose parents are known (see above), it is assumed that all five individuals were sons of Wigeric and Cunegondis (although it is also possible that some or all of them were uterine brothers born from the second marriage of Cunegundis).
- see below.
f) LIUTGARDE (-after 960). "Liutgardis" donated property "in comitatu Nithegowe cui Godefridus comes preesse", which she inherited from "parentibus meis Wigerico et Cunegunda", to St Maximin at Trier "pro remedio…parentum meorum, seniorum quoque meorum Alberti et Everhardi vel filiorum meorum" by charter dated 8 Apr 960[72]. The identity of Liutgarde´s second husband “Everhardi” is not known with certainty. Eberhard [IV] Graf im Nordgau appears to have been the only contemporary Count Eberhard. The hypothesis is accepted by Poull[73] and Europäische Stammtafeln[74]. Rösch[75] is more cautious, referring to Liutgarde's second husband as "Eberhard" without citing his origin. Wegener[76] assumes that the wording of the 960 charter means that "Alberti et Everhardi" were Liutgard's successive husbands and that both were deceased at the date of the charter, although this is not necessarily the only interpretation of the text. He argues that Liutgarde's second husband could not therefore have been Eberhard [IV] Graf im Nordgau, who died in [972/73], and suggests that he was Eberhard Duke of Bavaria [Liutpoldinger]. However, as the last reference to Duke Eberhard is in 938, this would mean that he was Luitgarde's first husband, which appears unlikely if the order of the names of her two husbands in the charter was chronological. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines provides some interesting corroboration for Liutgarde's marriage to Graf Eberhard [IV] by recording "comes Hugo de Daburg, pater sancti Leonis pape" as "consobrinus" of "imperator Conradus"[77]. If the origin of Liutgarde's two husbands were as shown here, Hugo [VIII] Graf von Egisheim would have been second cousin once removed of Emperor Konrad, the emperor being the great-grandson of Liutgarde by her supposed first marriage, while Hugo would have been her grandson by her second marriage. m firstly ADALBERT Graf [von Metz], son of MATFRIED Graf im Metzgau & his wife Landtsint --- (-killed in battle 27 Jan or 10 Feb 944). m secondly EBERHARD, son of ---, same person as…? EBERHARD [IV] Graf im Nordgau, son of HUGO [V] Graf im Nordgau [Etichonen] & his wife Hildegard --- (-18 Dec [972/73]).
3. [son . The existence of this supposed brother of Wigerich [III] is speculative, in order to explain the reference in one of Gerbert's letters to Siegfried Count of Luxembourg being patruus of one of Wigerich's grandsons[78]. The chronology suggests that it is unlikely that Siegfried could have been Wigerich's son, as explained below. It is therefore assumed that patruus in this source should be interpreted more broadly to indicate a more remote paternal relationship.] m [CUNIGONDE, daughter of --- & his wife Ermentrud --- ([895/905]-). The mother of Siegfried Count of Luxembourg is named "Cynigund", daughter of "Irmindrud" daughter of Louis II "le Bègue" King of the West Franks, in an 11th century genealogy which traces the ancestry of Siegfried's daughter Empress Kunigund[79]. Although this genealogy provides no sources on which it is based, other details are corroborated by primary source data. This older Cunigonde has traditionally been associated with the wife of Wigerich [III], for example in Rösch[80]. This is allegedly supported by a reference in one of Gerbert's letters to Siegfried being patruus of the Wigerich's grandson Gozelo[81], but the chronology suggests that it is unlikely that Siegfried could have been Wigerich's son as explained below. It is therefore assumed that patruus in this source should be interpreted more broadly to indicate a more remote relationship in the previous generation, that Siegfried's father was an otherwise unrecorded brother of Wigerich [III], and that Cunigonde, wife of Wigerich [III], was not the same person as Cunigonde, mother of Siegfried.] --- & his wife had [two children]:
a) [SIEGFRIED ([930/40]-[28 Oct 998], bur Trier). The precise origin of Siegfried Count of Luxembourg is unknown but it is probable that he was related to Wigerich [III]. Gerbert of Aurillac refers to "Godefridum, patruumque eius Sigifridum" in a letter dated 985 addressed to "dominæ Teuphanu Imperatrice" after he visited the pair in prison following their unsuccessful defence of Verdun against Lothaire King of the Franks[82], other letters clarifying that "Godefridum" was Godefroi Comte de Verdun, grandson of Wigerich [III]. It is unlikely that patruus can be interpreted in this source in its strict sense of paternal uncle. Wigerich [III] died in [916/19], while it is more probable that Siegfried was born in the range [930/40] given the birth of his eldest son not long before 964 and Siegfried's own death at the close of the 10th century. Another indication that Siegfried was probably not the son of Wigerich is his absence from a charter dated 943, issued by the widow of Wigerich's son Gozelon, which is subscribed by the latter's three known lay brothers[83]. Another possibility is that Siegfried was the son of Cunegundis, wife of Wigerich [III], by her second husband Richwin. However, in this hypothesis he could not have been born later than [923/24] in light of Richwin's date of death, which is also inconsistent with Siegfried's likely birth date range. Assuming that patruus indicates an agnatic relationship, the most likely possibility is that Siegfried was the first cousin of Godefroi's father, the son of a brother of Wigerich [III].]
b) [JUDITH (-27 Jul [1037/38], bur Bourzonville/Busendorf). The Notitiæ Fundationis Monasterii Bosonis-Villæ names "Adalbertus comes marchio et uxor sua Iuditha" as parents of Gerhard, noting that they were both buried in the monastery and in a later passage noting their joint donation dated "1033 pridie Kal Feb"[84]. "Iuta marchionissa Litoringie" donated property "villam nostram Mamendorf" to the abbey of St Matthew by charter dated 1030[85]. "Adelbertus dux et marchio Lotoringie et Iuditta uxor mea ducissa et marchionissa" donated property "villam nostram Mamendorf" to the abbey of St Matthew by charter dated 12 Jun 1037[86]. The testament dated 1037 of "Adalbero…prepositus S Paulini Treuerensis" is witnessed by "Adelberti avunculi nostri marchionis et ducis Lothoringie et Iuditte amicte nostre uxoris sue"[87]. The relationship between Judith and Adalbero, son of Siegfried Count of Luxembourg, has not been established. "Amita" suggests that Judith was his paternal aunt, sister of Siegfried. However, it is not clear from the document whether it was Judith or her husband who was the blood relation of Adalbero. "Avunculus" suggests that Adalbert was Adalbero's maternal uncle. However, this cannot be correct as Adalbert's brother Gerhard is recorded as having married Siegfried's daughter Eva, who would in that case have been his niece. m ADALBERT Graf von Metz, son of [RICHARD Graf von Metz or GERARD Graf von Metz] & his wife --- (-[1 Feb/30 Jun] 1037 or after, bur Bourzonville Monastery).]
The precise relationship between the following person and the family of Wigerich [III] has not been established but there is clearly a family connection as discussed below. In addition, the supposed wife of Wigerich [II] was named Eva (see above).
1. EVA (-after 21 Apr 958). "Eva comitissa et filius meus Udelricus…Remorum Archiepiscopus" donated "villam meam Layum…in comitatu Culvomontisse", granted to her by her husband as dower, to the abbey of Metz Saint-Arnoul, in memory of "conjugis mei Hugonis…comitis, filiique nostri…comitis Arnulphi", on the instigation of "Adelberonis Metensium episcopi meique consanguinei", by charter dated 16 Aug 950, subscribed by "Frederici ducis, Sigifridi comitis, Gisleberti comitis, Thiæberti palatini comitis…"[88]. Three subscribers can be identified as the sons of Wigerich [III] Comte d'Ardenne, which suggests that Eva was closely related either to Wigerich or his wife Cunigonde. This document must be considered at least partially spurious in light of the date which predated the appointment of Eva´s son as archbishop by eight years. "Udelricus filius Evæ comitissæ, de fortissimo Francorum germine procreatus, in primo teneræ ætatis meæ flore paterna fueram gratia privatus, materna…cum unico fratre…Arnulpho…contentus" confirmed the donation of "fiscum…villam nostram Laium in comitatu Calvomontinse sitam" to Metz St Arnulf, naming "patre meo Hugone" and recording the death of his brother, by charter dated 21 Apr 958[89]. m HUGUES Comte de Chaumont, son of --- (-before 950).
GOZELON, son of WIGERICH [III] Graf im Bidgau & his wife Cunegundis --- ([before 915]-[12 Oct 942/16 Feb 943][90]). His parentage is indicated by the charter dated 943 which refers to "Gozlines…miles…ex nobilissimis regni Chlotarii ducens prosapia" (the wording implying that he was then deceased) and the donation by "uxor eius Uda et filius eius…Regingerus" to St Maximin at Trier of property "Hunzelinesdorph", subscribed by "Ogonis abbatis, Friderici, Gisilberti, Sigeberti fratrum predicti Gozlini"[91]. As Frederic is known to have been the brother of Adalberon Bishop of Metz, whose parents are known (see above), it is assumed that all five individuals were sons of Wigeric and Cunegondis (although it is also possible that some or all of them were uterine brothers born from the second marriage of Cunegundis). His birth date is estimated from his wife having given birth to four children before he died. He received the villa of Varangéville from his supposed brother Adalbéron and subscribed one of the latter's charters dated 15 Mar 942[92].
m UDA, daughter of GERHARD Graf [Matfriede] & his wife Oda of Saxony (-after 18 May 963). A charter dated 943 refers to "Gozlines…miles…ex nobilissimis regni Chlotarii ducens prosapia" (the wording implying that he was then deceased) and the donation by "uxor eius Uda et filius eius…Regingerus" to St Maximin at Trier of property "Hunzelinesdorph", subscribed by "Ogonis abbatis, Friderici, Gisilberti, Sigeberti fratrum predicti Gozlini"[93]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Otto…rex" confirmed a donation of property "Dauantri in pago…Hamalant in comitatu Wichmanni comitis…" inherited by "Uda nostra nepta" by charter dated 28 Aug 960[94]. "Uda…comitissa" donated property "in pago Rizzigowi cui Egylolfus comes" to St Maximin at Trier "pro remedio…seniorique mei Gozlini necnon filiorum meorum Henrici…et Reginheri, Godefridi quoque et Adalberonis" by charter dated 18 May 963 witnessed by "Sigefrido comite, Richwino comite"[95].
Comte Gozelon & his wife had four children:
1. REGINAR (-before [985]). A charter dated 943 refers to "Gozlines…miles…ex nobilissimis regni Chlotarii ducens prosapia" (the wording implying that he was then deceased) and the donation by "uxor eius Uda et filius eius…Regingerus" to St Maximin at Trier of property "Hunzelinsdorph", subscribed by "Ogonis abbatis, Friderici, Gisilberti, Sigeberti fratrum predicti Gozlini"[96]. "Uda…comitissa" donated property "in pago Rizzigowi cui Egylolfus comes" to St Maximin at Trier "pro remedio…seniorique mei Gozlini necnon filiorum meorum Henrici…et Reginheri, Godefridi quoque et Adalberonis" by charter dated 18 May 963 witnessed by "Sigefrido comite, Richwino comite"[97]. 965. Comte de Bastogne.
2. HENRI (-6 Oct ----). "Rodulfus filius quondam…comitis Rodulfi et eius…coniugis Evæ" donated property "res…meæ…in pago et in comitatu Virdunensi…Geldulfi villa" for the souls of "senioris mei Wigfridi episcopi et parentis mei Ottonis, Gisleberti quondam comitis fratris" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated to [960], subscribed by "Gotdefridi comitis et fratris eius Heinrici"[98]. "Uda…comitissa" donated property "in pago Rizzigowi cui Egylolfus comes" to St Maximin at Trier "pro remedio…seniorique mei Gozlini necnon filiorum meorum Henrici…et Reginheri, Godefridi quoque et Adalberonis" by charter dated 18 May 963 witnessed by "Sigefrido comite, Richwino comite"[99].
3. GODEFROI (-after 3 Sep [998 or after], bur Gent St Peter). His parentage is proved by the charter dated 6 Apr 997 by which "Otto…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the rights of "monasterio super fluvium Mose" founded by "Gotefridi comitis nostrique fidelis…et coniux sua pro anime sui fratris Alberonis"[100]. He was installed as Comte de Verdun before [960]: "Rodulfus filius quondam…comitis Rodulfi et eius…coniugis Evæ" donated property "res…meæ…in pago et in comitatu Virdunensi…Geldulfi villa" for the souls of "senioris mei Wigfridi episcopi et parentis mei Ottonis, Gisleberti quondam comitis fratris" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated to [960], subscribed by "Gotdefridi comitis et fratris eius Heinrici"[101].
4. ADALBERON (-23 Jan 989). "Uda…comitissa" donated property "in pago Rizzigowi cui Egylolfus comes" to St Maximin at Trier "pro remedio…seniorique mei Gozlini necnon filiorum meorum Henrici…et Reginheri, Godefridi quoque et Adalberonis" by charter dated 18 May 963 witnessed by "Sigefrido comite, Richwino comite"[102]. "Otto…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the rights of "monasterio super fluvium Mose" founded by "Gotefridi comitis nostrique fidelis…et coniux sua pro anime sui fratris Alberonis" by charter dated 6 Apr 997[103]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the rights and property of Kloster Mouzon donated by (among others) "dux Fredericus pro anima Ottonis…[et] Godefridus comes et coniux sua Mathildis pro anima sui fratris Adalberonis archiepiscopi" by charter dated 1023[104]. Canon at Metz. He was appointed Archbishop of Reims in 969. He was appointed arch-chancellor of Lothaire King of the West Franks in 969. However, after the king captured his brother Godefroi Comte de Verdun, Adalbero defied Lothaire, appointed his nephew Adalberon as bishop of Verdun without the king's permission, and was summoned to an assembly at Compiègne 11 May 985 on charges of treason, although the assembly was never held. He was summoned again in Mar 987, postponed to May 987, and acquitted as Hugues "Capet" had assumed the presidency of the assembly following the accidental death of Louis V King of the West Franks[105].
1. OTBERT (-after 6 Apr 907). Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks confirmed donations by "Otberto et uxori suæ Hildigarde" to Kloster Prüm of property "in pago Iulicense…et in pago Eiflense…in pago Bunnense…in pago Meginennse" by charter dated 20 Oct 871[106]. Comte de Bastogne. A charter dated 6 Apr 907 records an agreement between "Harduinem" and "comitem Otbertum et uxorem eius Helitrudam…atque comitem Rainerum" concerning transfer of property "villa Wanbaise in comitatu Bastoniense" to the abbey of Stavelot[107]. m firstly HILDEGARDE, daughter of ---. Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks confirmed donations by "Otberto et uxori suæ Hildigarde" to Kloster Prüm of property "in pago Iulicense…et in pago Eiflense…in pago Bunnense…in pago Meginennse" by charter dated 20 Oct 871[108]. m secondly HELITRUD, daughter of ---. A charter dated 6 Apr 907 records an agreement between "Harduinem" and "comitem Otbertum et uxorem eius Helitrudam…atque comitem Rainerum" concerning transfer of property "villa Wanbaise in comitatu Bastoniense" to the abbey of Stavelot[109].
1. REGINAR, son of GOZELON [Comte d'Ardenne] & his wife Uda --- (-before [985]). A charter dated 943 refers to "Gozlines…miles…ex nobilissimis regni Chlotarii ducens prosapia" (the wording implying that he was then deceased) and the donation by "uxor eius Uda et filius eius…Regingerus" to St Maximin at Trier of property "Hunzelinsdorph", subscribed by "Ogonis abbatis, Friderici, Gisilberti, Sigeberti fratrum predicti Gozlini"[110]. "Uda…comitissa" donated property "in pago Rizzigowi cui Egylolfus comes" to St Maximin at Trier "pro remedio…seniorique mei Gozlini necnon filiorum meorum Henrici…et Reginheri, Godefridi quoque et Adalberonis" by charter dated 18 May 963 witnessed by "Sigefrido comite, Richwino comite"[111]. 965. Comte de Bastogne. A letter of Gerbert dated to [985] names "comes Reinharius"[112]. It is not clear from the context whether this refers to Reginar, son of Gozelon, or Reginar [IV] Comte de Hainaut (see the document HAINAUT). However, a later letter names "Hainao Reniero"[113] which suggests that the latter is correct. As the former letter also names two of Reginar's sons, it is possible that their father Reginar son of Gozelon had died before that date. m ---. The name of Reginar's wife is not known. Reginar & his wife had three children:
a) BARDO . A letter of Gerbert dated 985 names "episcopus Laudunensis Adalbero" and "frater Gocilo", adding that "filio fratris Barde" was given as hostage[114]. Richer records that "Belgicæ dux Theodericus, necnon et vir nobilis ac strenuous Godefridus, Sigefridus quoque vir illustris, Bardo etiam et Gozilo fratres clarissimi et nominatissimi" captured Verdun in 985[115]. m ---. The name of Bardo's wife is not known. Bardo & his wife had one child:
i) son . A letter of Gerbert dated 985 names "episcopus Laudunensis Adalbero" and "frater Gocilo", adding that "filio fratris Barde" was given as hostage[116].
b) ADALBERO (-1031). A letter of Gerbert dated 985 names "episcopus Laudunensis Adalbero" and "frater Gocilo", adding that "filio fratris Barde" was given as hostage[117]. Bishop of Laon 977-1031.
c) GOZELON (-after 19 Apr 1028, bur Saint-Hubert). Richer records that "Belgicæ dux Theodericus, necnon et vir nobilis ac strenuous Godefridus, Sigefridus quoque vir illustris, Bardo etiam et Gozilo fratres clarissimi et nominatissimi" captured Verdun in 985[118]. Comte dans les Ardennes 965/[1028]. "Otto…imperator augustus" made donations "in regno Lothariensi…Amella et Geldulfi villas in pago Uuebra in comitatu Reginhardi comitis…Morlinga et Lazehi in pago Mosalgovve et in comitatu Sigifrid comitis…Lunglar in pago Osning in comitatu Kozilonis comitis…Uelme in pago Haspongouue in comitatu Eremfridi comitis…Ernustesvuilere in pago Bliesichgoue in comitatu Volcmari comitis" to the Kloster St Gorgonius at Gorze in accordance with the last wishes of "Cunradus filius Ruodolfi quondam comitis" killed in battle with the Sarracens, by charter dated 26 Sep 982[119]. Comte de Bastogne. A charter dated 19 Apr 1028 refers to property "in pago Ardunensi in comitatu Gozelonis de Bastonia"[120]. "Comes Gozelo pater Cunegundis reclusæ" donated "mansos in Remianster…" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert by charter dated to [1028][121]. m ---. The name of Gozelon's wife is not known. Gozelon & his wife had one child:
i) KUNIGUNDE (-after [1028], bur Saint-Hubert). The Chronicon S. Huberti Andaginensis records that, during the reign of Emperor Heinrich II, "Cunegondis comitissa…unica Gozelonis comitis" married "Ottoni cuidam Saxonico" but that they were divorced and that all her property reverted to the emperor, Kunigunde retiring to Saint-Hubert where she was buried "iuxta…patris sui Gozelonis"[122]. "Comes Gozelo pater Cunegundis reclusæ" donated "mansos in Remianster…" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert by charter dated to [1028][123]. m (divorced) OTTO, son of ---.
HENRI [I] de Namur, son of ALBERT II Comte de Namur & his wife Regilindis of Lower Lotharingia (-after 23 Apr 1088). The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium records that "Albertum comitem de Namuco" was father of "Albertum et fratrem eius Heinricum comitem de Durboio"[124]. The Chronicon Huberti names "Albertus comes Namucensis et Henricus Durboiensis", but does not specify their relationship[125]. Comte de Durbuy. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed donations to St Jakob, Liège by charter dated 23 Apr 1088, at the request of "Heinrico comite de Durbui"[126].
m ---. No reference has been found to the wife of Comte Henri.
Comte Henri & his wife had one child:
1. GODEFROI de Durbuy (-before 1124). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Durbuy. Godefroi must have died before 1124 when his son "comes de Dorbui Heinricus adhuc puer" subscribed a charter (see below)[127]. m as her first husband, ALIX de Grandpré, daughter of HENRI [I] Comte de Grandpré & his wife Ermentrude de Joux [Grandson]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Henricum et Adelidem" as children of "Henricus de Grandi-prato" & his wife, specifying that Adelidis married firstly "Godefrido de Durbuil, frater comitis de Namuco et comitis de Rupe" and secondly "Godefrido de Aissa"[128]. It is assumed that "frater comitis de Namuco" was an error for "nepos". She married secondly Gottfried [II] von Esch an der Sauer. Comte Godefroi & his wife had three children:
a) RICHARD de Durbuy (-1171). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Richardum Laudunensem atque Virdunensem archidiaconum, fratrem quoque eius Henricum et sororem eius Adelidem sanctimonialem" as children of "Godefrido de Durbuil" & his wife[129]. Bishop of Verdun 1163.
b) HENRI [II] de Durbuy ([1115/18]-[1134/47]). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Richardum Laudunensem atque Virdunensem archidiaconum, fratrem quoque eius Henricum et sororem eius Adelidem sanctimonialem" as children of "Godefrido de Durbuil" & his wife[130]. Comte de Durbuy. "Heinricus advocatus et filius eius Heinricus, Godefridus de Asca et comes de Dorbui Heinricus adhuc puer" subscribed the charter dated 1124 under which "Cuono…Stabulensis abbas" recounted the settlement reached over the church of Bra[131]. As can be seen above, Gottfried von Esch was Henri's stepfather. "Henrici de Durbui" subscribed the charter dated 1134 under which "Teodericus…comes Flandrensis" confirmed previous donations to the abbey of Saint-Martin de Tournai[132]. It is suggested that Henri died before [1147/48] when Henri I "l'Aveugle" Comte de Namur is recording as quarrelling with Richard de Durbuy Bishop of Verdun, maybe about Durbuy which would have reverted to Comte Henri as senior male heir of Henri [II][133].
c) ALIX de Durbuy . The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Richardum Laudunensem atque Virdunensem archidiaconum, fratrem quoque eius Henricum et sororem eius Adelidem sanctimonialem" as children of "Godefrido de Durbuil" & his wife[134]. Nun.
At the end of the 11th century, the county of Laroche emerged in the north of the county of Ardenne[135].
HENRI de Namur, son of ALBERT III Comte de Namur & his wife Ida von Sachsen (-before 1138). The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names "Godefridum et Henricum comitem de Rupe" sons of "Albertus de Namurco"[136]. Comte de Laroche. Vogt of Stablo-Malmédy. "Heinricus advocatus et filius eius Heinricus, Godefridus de Asca et comes de Dorbui Heinricus adhuc puer" subscribed the charter dated 1124 under which "Cuono…Stabulensis abbas" recounted the settlement reached over the church of Bra[137].
m MATHILDE de Limbourg, daughter of HENRI I Comte de Limbourg et d'Arlon & his second wife Adelheid von Botenstein. "Heinricus comes de Rupe" donated property to the abbey of St Hubert by charter dated 1152 which names "matris mei Mathildis comitisse et Godefridi fratris mei"[138]. Her origin is determined from a charter dated 1148 in which Wibald abbot of Stavelot names "dominis suis Heinrico de Rupe et Heinrico de Lemburch quorum alter, id est de Rupe, advocatus ecclesie nostre erat et alterius Heinrici amite filius"[139], the former being Henri [II] Comte de Laroche and the latter Hendrik II Duke of Limburg.
Comte Henri & his wife had five children:
1. GODEFROI de Laroche (-after 11 Apr 1138). "…Godefridum filium Heinrici comitis del Roche" consented to the donation by "Godefridus comes Namucensis…" to the abbey of Floreffe by charter dated 7 Jan 1125[140]. Comte de Laroche. "Godefridus de la Rotza, Heinricus frater eius" subscribed the charter dated 11 Apr 1138 under which Konrad III King of Germany confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Stavelot[141]. "Heinricus comes de Rupe" donated property to the abbey of St Hubert by charter dated 1152 which names "matris mei Mathildis comitisse et Godefridi fratris mei"[142].
2. HENRI [II] de Laroche (-before 10 Jan 1155). "Heinricus advocatus et filius eius Heinricus, Godefridus de Asca et comes de Dorbui Heinricus adhuc puer" subscribed the charter dated 1124 under which "Cuono…Stabulensis abbas" recounted the settlement reached over the church of Bra[143]. "Heinricus comes de Rupe" confirmed the donation of "capellam…in silva Fredier" to the abbey of Saint-Hubert, Ardenne, made by "matris mee Mathildis comitesse et Godefridi fratris mei", by charter dated 1152, subscribed by "Elizabeth comitissa conjux mea, Beatrix soror mea et Godefridus filius eius de Brida…"[144]. "Godefridus de la Rotza, Heinricus frater eius" subscribed the charter dated 11 Apr 1138 under which Konrad III King of Germany confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Stavelot[145]. Comte de Laroche 1143. "Heinricus comes de Rupe" donated property to the abbey of St Hubert by charter dated 1152 which names "matris mei Mathildis comitisse et Godefridi fratris mei"[146]. His death before 1155 is confirmed by the charter dated 10 Jan 1155 under which Friedrich I "Barbarossa" King of Germany donated the Vogtei of Stavelot previously held by "comes Heinricus de Rupe" to abbot Wibald[147]. m ELISABETH, daughter of --- (-after 1152). "Heinricus comes de Rupe" confirmed the donation of "capellam…in silva Fredier" to the abbey of Saint-Hubert, Ardenne, made by "matris mee Mathildis comitesse et Godefridi fratris mei", by charter dated 1152, subscribed by "Elizabeth comitissa conjux mea, Beatrix soror mea et Godefridus filius eius de Brida…"[148].
3. FREDERIC de Laroche (-30 Oct 1174). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Fredericus archidyaconus Sancti Lamberti Leodiensis, qui postea factus archiepiscopus de Tyre, et soror eius Mathildis" as children of "Albertus de Rupe"[149], although as noted below this appears to be in error for "Henricum de Rupe". Archbishop of Tyre 1164.
4. MATHILDE de Laroche . The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names "Mathildis" daughter of "Henricum comitem de Rupe"[150]. The Chronicon Hanonense names "Mehaut" as daughter of "Henri…quens de Durbuis", her first husband "signour de Wallecourt Weri de Walecourt" and her second husband "Nicholas d'Avesnes"[151]. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Mathildem filiam Henrici comitis de Roche in Ardenna" as wife of "Nicholaus filius [Walteri…de Avethnes]"[152]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Fredericus archidyaconus Sancti Lamberti Leodiensis, qui postea factus archiepiscopus de Tyre, et soror eius Mathildis" as children of "Albertus de Rupe", specifying that Mathilde married firstly "Theoderico de Walecurt" by whom she was mother of "Werricum de Rupeforti et matrem Theoderici de Hufalize, cuius filius Henricus de Hufalize", and secondly "Nicolao de Avenes"[153]. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "filius eius Nicolaus Plukellus" married "Machtildem filiam Henrici comitis de Rupe in Ardenna", whose first husband was "domini de Walecourt"[154]. m firstly THIERRY de Walcourt, son of ---. 1130/47. The Chronicon Hanoniense names "Widrico de Walecourt" as brother of "Iacobus…de Avethnis"[155]. In a later passage, the same source names "Widricum de Wallecort et filias multas" as children of "Mathildis [filiis Henrici comitis de Roche]" & her first husband[156]. m secondly (before 1150) NICOLAS d'Oisy Seigneur d'Avesnes, son of WAUTIER I d'Oisy & his wife Ade [Ide] de Mortagne (-[1169/71]).
5. BEATRIX de Laroche (-after 1152). The Chronicon Hanonense names "Beatrix" as daughter of "Henri…quens de Durbuis" and her husband "Winant le signour de Hufalise"[157], although according to Europäische Stammtafeln[158] the wife of Winand van Gronsfeld Heer van Houffalize was Beatrix de Walcourt, daughter of Thierry de Walcourt & his wife Mathilde de Laroche, who was this Beatrix's sister. Her correct marriage is indicated by the charter dated 1152 under which "Heinricus comes de Rupe" confirmed the donation of "capellam…in silva Fredier" to the abbey of Saint-Hubert, Ardenne, made by "matris mee Mathildis comitesse et Godefridi fratris mei", subscribed by "Elizabeth comitissa conjux mea, Beatrix soror mea et Godefridus filius eius de Brida…"[159]. The primary source which confirms the name of her husband has not yet been identified. m GERAARD van Breda, son of --- (-before 1152).
The castle of Montaigu was located on the left bank of the river Ourche, opposite Marcourt in the county of Ardenne[160].
1. GOZELON, son of --- (-1064, bur Saint Hubert). Archbishop Poppo restored the monastery of St Matheus to Trier by charter dated 2 Sep 1038, witnessed by "Dux Gozelo et comes Gozelo, comes Arnulfus, comes Sigebodo…"[161]. Avoué de Saint-Barthélémy, Liège 1043. Comte de Montaigu 1050. "Gosilonis comitis, Chimonis [Cunonis] et Rodulphi filiorum eius" witnessed an undated charter which records a donation to Brogne by "Heluidis"[162]. The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert records the death of "Gozilo comes Bohaniæ" after violently destroying the church at Marly and his burial at Saint-Hubert[163]. It is not certain what "Bohaniæ" refers to, but this entry clearly indicates Gozelo Comte de Montaigu as the same source names his wife and children. m (before [1040/44]) as her first husband, ERMENGARDE [Ermentrude], daughter of [WIDRICH [I] [Comte de Clermont] & his wife [Hersende ---] ([1020/35]-after 1091). "Gislebertus comes Clarimontis" names "amite mee Ermingardi comitisse et filiis eius" in the charter dated 1091 under which he donated the church of Saint-Symphorien to Cluny[164]. Assuming that "amite" in this document is interpreted strictly, Ermengarde was the donor´s paternal aunt, although this is not beyond all doubt because of the flexible interpretation of such terms indicating relationships in contemporary documentation. Her birth date range is estimated from her eldest son by her first marriage being born in the range [1040/50]. Archbishop Poppo of Trier confirmed the donation by "comitem Kadelonem et eius contectalem Irmingart" of hereditary property "de chorte Prümizvelt" by undated charter, dated to [1040/44], subscribed by "Duci Godefrido, Adalberto de Musel, comes Becelinus…"[165]. "Ermentrudis de Harenzey" donated "allodium…Sumey" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert on condition that she could be buried there with her husband, for the soul of "mariti mei Gozolonis", with the consent of "filiis meis…Cunone comite Rodulfo Guidone Joanne Henrico et fratribus meis Hezelino comite et Rainaldo et Balduino", by charter dated 1064[166], her brothers being identified as the sons of Hildrad [Hezelin] Comte [de Grandpré], which suggests the identity of Ermengarde's mother as Hildrad's wife (as discussed more fully above). Two charters indicate a close connection between Ermengarde and Bruno von Heimbach. Hildolf Archbishop of Köln donated property "ubi ipsa [Ermentrudis] hereditariam partem cum Brunone habuerat…Strala" (Stralen near Geldern) to the abbey of Siegburg by charter dated 1076[167]. ["Ermengardis comitissa…ab avis atque atavis nobilibus" donated property "apud Villas Worommes et Longum-Campum [Woromes, Longchamp] …allodium de Rumines [Rummen]…allodium de Curinges [Curenge]…allodium…apud Gelmines et Berlinges…allodium de Brede [Brée] cum ecclesia…quos dedit Gerardo comiti" to the church of Saint-Bartholomée de Liège by charter dated 1078, witnessed by "tunc advocatus…comes Henricus de Dolvin-Castello…comes Cono de Monte-Acuto, Reginardus de Roden, Witmannus de Molenarche…"[168]. The donor of this charter has not been identified with certainty. However, the presence of Conon Comte de Montaigu as first lay subscriber suggests that it may be his mother.] Siegwin Archbishop of Köln noted a donation of property at Stralen by "Irmengarda comitissa", by charter dated [1079/89], which states that her parents were buried at the abbey of Rees and that she had retained rights in Aspel[169]. Ermengarde maybe married secondly Fredelon [von Esch]. The fact of Ermengarde having married at least twice is confirmed by the charter dated 1091 under which the bishop of Cambrai confirmed the donation by "Ermengardis de Monte Acuto" to the abbey of Saint-André du Cateau for the souls of her spouses ("conjugum")[170]. The identity of her other husband is suggested by the charter dated 1138 under which "Reinardus comitis de Ascha Gisleberti filius" renewed the right of the monks of Flône to take wood from his part of the forests "Clerimontis", granted previously by "pater eius et comes Lambertus"[171]. "Comes Lambertus" in this document is identified as Lambert Comte de Montaigu, who was Ermengarde´s grandson by her marriage to Gozelo Comte de Montaigu. The father of "Reinardus comitis de Ascha Gisleberti filius" can be identified as "Gislebertus comes de Aska" who granted the right to take wood from his forests in "sus possessionis de Claromonte" to the monks of Flône, for the souls of "patris sui Fredelonis et matris suæ Ermengardis et uxoris sue Aelaidis et ipsius comitis Gisleberti", by charter dated 1131, after 18 Mar[172]. The fact that Lambert Comte de Montaigu and Giselbert Graf von Esch both shared rights in property in Clermont is best explained by the co-identity of the two persons named Ermengarde from whom they were both descended, and from whom they would have inherited these rights. If this is correct, Gozelon would have been Ermengarde´s first husband and Fredelo her second. Comte Gozelo & his wife had five children:
a) CONON de Montaigu ([1040/50]-Dalhem 1 May 1106, bur Saint-Hubert). The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert names "Conone, Rodulfo, Widone et Henrico" as the sons of "Gozilo comes Bohaniæ" & his wife[173]. Comte de Montaigu.
- see below.
b) RAOUL de Montaigu . The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert names "Conone, Rodulfo, Widone et Henrico" as the sons of "Gozilo comes Bohaniæ" & his wife[174]. "Gosilonis comitis, Chimonis [Cunonis] et Rodulphi filiorum eius" witnessed an undated charter which records a donation to Brogne by "Heluidis"[175]. "Ermentrudis de Harenzey" donated "allodium…Sumey" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, for the soul of "mariti mei Gozolonis", with the consent of "filiis meis…Cunone comite Rodulfo Guidone Joanne Henrico et fratribus meis Hezelino comite et Rainaldo et Balduino", by charter dated 1064[176]. 1055/95.
c) GUY de Montaigu . The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert names "Conone, Rodulfo, Widone et Henrico" as the sons of "Gozilo comes Bohaniæ" & his wife[177]. "Ermentrudis de Harenzey" donated "allodium…Sumey" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, for the soul of "mariti mei Gozolonis", with the consent of "filiis meis…Cunone comite Rodulfo Guidone Joanne Henrico et fratribus meis Hezelino comite et Rainaldo et Balduino", by charter dated 1064[178]. 1064/87.
d) JEAN de Montaigu (-before 1112). "Ermentrudis de Harenzey" donated "allodium…Sumey" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, for the soul of "mariti mei Gozolonis", with the consent of "filiis meis…Cunone comite Rodulfo Guidone Joanne Henrico et fratribus meis Hezelino comite et Rainaldo et Balduino", by charter dated 1064[179]. Provost of St Pierre.
e) HENRI de Montaigu (-1124 or after). The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert names "Conone, Rodulfo, Widone et Henrico" as the sons of "Gozilo comes Bohaniæ" & his wife[180]. "Ermentrudis de Harenzey" donated "allodium…Sumey" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, for the soul of "mariti mei Gozolonis", with the consent of "filiis meis…Cunone comite Rodulfo Guidone Joanne Henrico et fratribus meis Hezelino comite et Rainaldo et Balduino", by charter dated 1064[181]. Archdeacon and dechant at St Lambert, Liège 1095.
CONON de Montaigu, son of GOZELO Comte de Montaigu & his wife Ermengarde [de Clermont] (-Dalhem 1 May 1106, bur Saint-Hubert). The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert names "Conone, Rodulfo, Widone et Henrico" as the sons of "Gozilo comes Bohaniæ" & his wife[182]. "Gosilonis comitis, Chimonis [Cunonis] et Rodulphi filiorum eius" witnessed an undated charter which records a donation to Brogne by "Heluidis"[183]. Comte de Montaigu. "Ermentrudis de Harenzey" donated "allodium…Sumey" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, for the soul of "mariti mei Gozolonis", with the consent of "filiis meis…Cunone comite Rodulfo Guidone Joanne Henrico et fratribus meis Hezelino comite et Rainaldo et Balduino", by charter dated 1064[184]. "Ermengardis comitissa…ab avis atque atavis nobilibus" donated property "apud Villas Worommes et Longum-Campum [Woromes, Longchamp] …allodium de Rumines [Rummen]…allodium de Curinges [Curenge]…allodium…apud Gelmines et Berlinges…allodium de Brede [Brée] cum ecclesia…quos dedit Gerardo comiti" to the church of Saint-Bartholomée de Liège by charter dated 1078, witnessed by "tunc advocatus…comes Henricus de Dolvin-Castello…comes Cono de Monte-Acuto, Reginardus de Roden, Witmannus de Molenarche…"[185]. "…Cuono comes et filii eius…" witnessed the charter dated 1091 under which Henri de Verdun Bishop of Liège approved the foundation of Flône[186]. Albert of Aix records that "Cononem comitem de Monte Acuto, Baldwinum de Burch, Godefridum de Ascha" were sent by Godefroi de Bouillon for the first meeting with the emperor after the arrival of the crusading army in Constantinople, dated to end 1096[187]. Albert of Aix names "…Gozelo et frater eius Lamtbertus…cum patre suo Conone de Monte Acuto…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[188]. Seigneur de Rochefort. Avoué de Dinant. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1106 of "comes Cono de Monteacute" and his burial at Saint Hubert, specifying that he returned prosperous from overseas[189], presumably indicating his participation in the First Crusade. The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert records the death "Kal Mai apud castrum Dolhem" of "comes Cono" and his burial "Dinanum"[190].
m firstly IDA de Fouron, daughter of LAMBERT de Fouron & his wife ---. The Chronicle of Saint-Hubert, interpolated in the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, names "Ida filia senioris Lamberti" as wife of "comes Cono de Monteacute"[191]. The primary source which confirms the name "de Fouron" has not yet been identified.
m secondly as her second husband, IDA [de Boulogne], widow of HERMANN [von Malsen], daughter of [EUSTACHE [II] Comte de Boulogne & his wife Ida of Lotharingia]. Europäische Stammtafeln[192] shows Ida, wife [firstly] of Hermann [von Malsen] and [secondly of Conon de Montaigu], as a possible daughter of Comte Eustache II & his wife Ida. The only partial corroboration for this so far found is Orderic Vitalis who says that "Cono comes Alemannus" married "Duke Godfrey's sister"[193]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.
Comte Conon & his [first/second] wife had four children:
1. GOZELO [II] de Montaigu (-Artesia [end 1097], bur Artesia). Albert of Aix names "…Gozelo et frater eius Lamtbertus…cum patre suo Conone de Monte Acuto…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[194]. Albert of Aix records that Robert Count of Flanders left with "Rotgero de Roseit, Gozelone filio comitis Cononis de Monte Acuto" and 1000 knights to attack Artasia, dated to late 1097 from the context, but that Gozelo died of disease and was buried there[195]. William of Tyre records the death during the early stages of the First Crusade of "Goscelo domini Cononis comitis de Monte Acuto filius"[196]. 1086/91.
2. LAMBERT de Montaigu (-1140 or after). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Lambertus comes de Claromonte" as son of "Cono comes de Monteacute"[197]. William of Tyre records the presence at the capture of Acre in 1098 of "Lambertus filius Cononis de Monte Acuto"[198]. Albert of Aix names "…Gozelo et frater eius Lamtbertus…cum patre suo Conone de Monte Acuto…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[199]. Albert of Aix records that "comes de Oringis Reinboldus, Ludowicus de Monzuns, Lambertus filius Cononis de Monte Acuto" commanded one of the corps of men at the capture of Antioch in Jun 1098[200]. Comte de Montaigu. Comte de Clermont: "Comes de Claromonte Lambertus" granted the right to take wood from his forests in "predicti castelli" to the monks of Flône by charter dated 1136, witnessed by "comes Arnulfus de Los, comes Gislebertus de Duras, Walterus advocatus de Barz…"[201]. Seigneur de Rochefort. Avoué de Dinant. Avoué de Saint-Symphorien-aux-Bois. m ---. No primary source has yet been identified which gives any precise information relating to Lambert´s wife or her ancestry. Two possibilities are recorded in Europäische Stammtafeln: According to one table[202], she was Gertrud de Louvain, daughter of Henri [III] Comte de Louvain & his wife Gertrude de Flandre. According to another table in the same series[203], she may have been --- [de Clermont, daughter of Giselbert Comte de Clermont & his wife ---]. Presumably the latter speculation is based on the charter under which Lambert Comte de Montaigu donated wood at Clermont to Flône. However, as discussed elsewhere in the present document, the connection between Comte Lambert and Clermont is best explained by his paternal grandmother having belonged to the family of the comtes de Clermont. Comte Lambert & his wife had three children:
a) CONON de Montaigu (-after 1140). A charter dated 1140, under which the bishop of Liège confirmed possessions of Flône abbey, includes a reference to the donation of wood by "comes Gislebertus de Ais, itemque comes Lambertus de Montau" and that this donation was confirmed by "Reinardus et Cono, filii eorum"[204].
b) GODEFROI de Montaigu (-1161). His parentage is confirmed by reading together the documents under which he and his father granted rights in Clermont woods to Flône abbey. Comte de Montaigu et de Clermont. Comte de Duras. "Godefridus de Claromonte comes de Duras" confirmed the grant of rights "in silva sua de Claro Monte" by "patris sui" to the monks of Flône, with the consent of "participe suo Reinardo", by charter dated 1157, followed by another charter dated 1157 under which Henri Bishop of Liège confirmed the grant by "Godefridus comes de Durays et Renardus de Harmala"[205]. Seigneur de Rochefort. Burger and avoué of Dinant. m as her first husband, JULIANE de Duras, daughter of OTTO [II] Comte de Duras & his wife Berthe de Ribemont (-1164). The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified. Heiress of Duras. She married secondly Enguerrand d'Orbais. Comte Godefroi & his wife had five children:
i) GILLES de Montaigu (-before 1193). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. "Cono…comes de Duras" renounced rights to revenue from properties of Flône abbey at Hottine, on the intervention of "domino Egidio fratre meo", by charter dated 1187, witnessed by "Petrus frater comitis, Henricus de Harmala…"[206]. Comte de Montaigu, Comte de Duras, Comte de Clermont. "Gilius quondam comes Durachiensis" donated property to the Knights Hospitallers, naming "Petrus frater meus comes de Monteacuto et Cono frater meus comes Durachiensis…et avunculus noster domnus Bruno archidiaconus", by charter dated 1175[207]. Seigneur de Rochefort et de Jodoigne. Avoué de Saint-Trond. m (1172, divorced 1174) as her first husband, LAURETTE van Looz, daughter of LODEWIJK I Graf van Looz en Rieneck, Stadtgraf von Mainz & his wife Agnes von Metz (-before 1184). The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified. She married secondly ([1176]) as his first wife, Thibaut de Bar Seigneur de Briey, Steinay et de Longwy, who in 1190 succeeded as Thibaut I Comte de Bar.
ii) PIERRE de Montaigu (-1185 or after). Canon at Saint-Lambert, Liège 1173. Comte de Montaigu 1175. "Gilius quondam comes Durachiensis" donated property to the Knights Hospitallers, naming "Petrus frater meus comes de Monteacuto et Cono frater meus comes Durachiensis…et avunculus noster domnus Bruno archidiaconus", by charter dated 1175[208]. "Cono…comes de Duras" renounced rights to revenue from properties of Flône abbey at Hottine, on the intervention of "domino Egidio fratre meo", by charter dated 1187, witnessed by "Petrus frater comitis, Henricus de Harmala…"[209].
iii) CONON de Montaigu (-1189 or after). Comte de Duras. "Gilius quondam comes Durachiensis" donated property to the Knights Hospitallers, naming "Petrus frater meus comes de Monteacuto et Cono frater meus comes Durachiensis…et avunculus noster domnus Bruno archidiaconus", by charter dated 1175[210]. "Cono comes Monti Acuti et Duraz" granted his rights in the church of Saint-Martin at Hermalle to the monks of Flône by charter dated 1182, witnessed by "Henricus de Harmala…"[211]. "Cono…comes de Duras" renounced rights to revenue from properties of Flône abbey at Hottine, on the intervention of "domino Egidio fratre meo", by charter dated 1187, witnessed by "Petrus frater comitis, Henricus de Harmala…"[212].
iv) GERBERGE de Montaigu (-1206 or after). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. 1164/1206. m WERY de Walcourt, son of --- (-1206 or after). He inherited the counties of Montaigu and Clermont, the Seigneurie de Rochefort and the avouerie of Dinant in 1194, while Gerard Comte de Looz inherited the county of Duras and the avouerie of Saint-Trond [Sint-Truijden][213]. "Guidericus…comes de Monte Acuto" donated rights to the church at Melreux to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, confirming the donations of "antecessorum nostrorum…Godefridi comitis et filiorum eius Egidii et Cononis", by charter dated to after 25 May 1189 witnessed by "…Nicholai castellani Buloniensis, Henrici advocati ecclesiæ Sancti Huberti…"[214].
v) CLARISSA de Montaigu . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. 1164/1179.
c) GERTRUDE de Montaigu . The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis records that "Evrardum", son of Richildis de Hainaut, married "filiam Lamberti Leodiensis comitis Gertrudem nomine, de qua Balduinum filium genuit"[215]. According to the Chronicon Hanoniense, "Evrardum cognomina Radonem" married "matrem Cononis et Iohannis et Radulphi" during the lifetime of his first wife[216]. m firstly RAOUL de Nesle Châtelain de Bruges, son of RAOUL [I] Seigneur de Nesle & his wife Rainurde --- (-[1153/60]). m secondly as his second wife, EVERARD [III] Radoul Châtelain de Tournai, son of EVERARD [II] Radoul Châtelain de Tournai & his wife Richilde de Hainaut (-1189 or after).
3. HENRI de Montaigu (-1128 or after). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Heynricus…filius Cononis comitis" as "archydiaconus ecclesiæ sancti Lamberti"[217]. Archdeacon at Liège, provost at Fosses 1111/1128.
4. THIBAUT de Montaigu . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1086.
At the end of the 11th century, the county of Salm emerged in the east of the county of Ardennes[218].
HERMANN [I] von Salm, son of GISELBERT Graf von Salm, Comte de Longwy & his wife ---- (-killed in battle 28 Sep 1088, bur Metz). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Salm. He was elected HERMANN King of Germany by the German nobility opposed to Heinrich IV King of Germany in 1081 after the death of Rudolf von Rheinfelden Duke of Swabia. A less powerful magnate, he was forced for a time to flee to Denmark[219]. He defeated the troops of Heinrich IV at Bleichfelt, near Wurzburg 11 Aug 1086. He was injured by a fall of stones from a castle's walls and obliged to retire to Salm where he died soon after[220].
m firstly SOPHIE, daughter of --- ([1035]-[1056/59]). The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.
m secondly ---. No direct evidence has yet been found of this second marriage. However, if the date of death of Hermann's first wife is correct as shown above, it is chronologically unlikely that she was the mother of Hermann's children.
Graf Hermann & his [second] wife had three children:
1. HERMANN [II] von Salm ([1075]-[1135]). “Heinricus comes Coenradi piæ memoriæ comitis filius” swore to defend the church of Echternach by charter dated 1095, subscribed by “Heinricus palatinus, Herimannus Herimanni comitis filius et frater eius Theodericus…”[221]. Graf von Salm. "Willelmus comes de Luzzelenburch, Hermanus comes de Caluerlage, Reinoldus comes, Conradus comes, Arnoldus comes, Gerlagus comes, Imeko comes, Gerhardus comes de Heinnersberch, Hermannus comes de Salmena et filius eius, Friderikus comes de Sarebrugge…" witnessed the charter dated 27 Dec 1127 under which Lothar King of Germany granted property in Dreiech to "ministeriali Cuonrado de Hagen…[et] uxori suæ Liuckardi"[222]. Lothar King of Germany confirmed property of Duisburg by charter dated 8 May 1129 witnessed by "…Comites: Gerhardus Longus de Gelere, Arnoldus de Cliue, Hermannus de Caluerlage, Hermannus de Salmene, Otto de Rinecke, Florentius de Hollande, Gerhardus de Hostad, Bernhardus de Hildenesheim, Godefridus et Hermannus de Cuch, Adolfus de Berge…"[223]. m ([1104]) AGNES de Mousson, daughter of THIERRY Comte de Mousson & his wife Ermentrude de Bourgogne [Comté] (-after 1140). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the sister of "Theodoricum de Monte Beliardi, Fredericum de Ferretes…et Renaldum Strabum comitem de Barro Ducis" as the wife of "Hermanno de Salmis", and names their sons "Henricum de Salmis et fratrem eius Theodericum abbatem sancti Pauli Virdunensis"[224]. A charter dated 1147 confirms the agreement between "comitissa Agnes et heredes de Languesten" and "Bencelinus de Turquesten cum filio suo Conone" and others relating to the abbey of Haute-Seille, with the consent of "comitissam Agnetem de Languesten cum filiis suis Henrico et Hermanno consulibus, Conrardum…comitem cum uxore sua Havyde et filio Hugone"[225]. She is named in the charter dated 1174 under which "Henricus comes de Salmis" confirmed donations to the abbey of Haute-Seille by "patrui mei comitis Hermani aviæque meæ Agnetis"[226]. A further detail is added by the charter dated 1186 under which "Henricus comes de Salmis" confirmed donations to the abbey of Haute-Seille by "Agnetem comitissam de Langesten aviam meam, Henricum patrem meum et Hermanum fratrem eius, consules"[227]. "Agnes comitissa" confirmed donations to the abbey of Saint-Sauveur for the soul of "comitis Godefridi mariti mei"[228], "Godefridi" presumably being a copyist's error for "Hermanni". Graf Hermann [II] & his wife had three children:
a) HERMANN [III] von Salm (-after 1147). His origin is confirmed by the charter dated 1174 under which "Henricus comes de Salmis" confirmed donations to the abbey of Haute-Seille by "patrui mei comitis Hermani aviæque meæ Agnetis"[229]. Graf von Salm. A charter dated 1147 confirms the agreement between "comitissa Agnes et heredes de Languesten" and "Bencelinus de Turquesten cum filio suo Conone" and others relating to the abbey of Haute-Seille, with the consent of "comitissam Agnetem de Languesten cum filiis suis Henrico et Hermanno consulibus, Conrardum…comitem cum uxore sua Havyde et filio Hugone"[230].
b) HEINRICH [I] von Salm und Langenstein (-after 1153, bur Notre-Dame La Ronde, near Metz Cathedral). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Henricum de Salmis et fratrem eius Theodericum abbatem sancti Pauli Virdunensis" as sons of "Hermanno de Salmis" & his wife[231]. Graf von Salm.
- see below.
c) DIETRICH von Salm (-22 Feb 1156). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Henricum de Salmis et fratrem eius Theodericum abbatem sancti Pauli Virdunensis" as sons of "Hermanno de Salmis" & his wife[232]. Canon, later abbé of Saint-Paul in Verdun.
2. OTTO von Salm (-murdered Burg Schönburg 1150 before 12 Nov). The Annales Sancti Diibodi name "Otto palatinus comes de Rineke" as son of "Hermannus [rex]"[233]. Pfalzgraf 1115. Graf von Rheineck und Bentheim 1126. Lothar King of Germany confirmed property of Duisburg by charter dated 8 May 1129 witnessed by "…Comites: Gerhardus Longus de Gelere, Arnoldus de Cliue, Hermannus de Caluerlage, Hermannus de Salmene, Otto de Rinecke, Florentius de Hollande, Gerhardus de Hostad, Bernhardus de Hildenesheim, Godefridus et Hermannus de Cuch, Adolfus de Berge…"[234].
3. DIETRICH von Salm . “Heinricus comes Coenradi piæ memoriæ comitis filius” swore to defend the church of Echternach by charter dated 1095, subscribed by “Heinricus palatinus, Herimannus Herimanni comitis filius et frater eius Theodericus…”[235].
HEINRICH [I] von Salm, son of HERMANN [II] Graf von Salm & his wife Agnès de Mousson (-after 1153, bur Notre-Dame La Ronde, near Metz Cathedral). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Henricum de Salmis et fratrem eius Theodericum abbatem sancti Pauli Virdunensis" as sons of "Hermanno de Salmis" & his wife[236]. The Triumphus Sancti Lamberti de Castro Bollonio names "comes Salmiensis Henricus natus de sorore comitis Rainaldi" when recording that he helped his maternal uncle raise the Bishop of Liège's siege of the château de Bouillon in Sep 1141[237]. In 1133, he was in dispute with his maternal uncle Etienne Bishop of Metz over the avouerie of the abbey of Senones. He besieged Metz and was excommunicated. He succeeded his brother [after 1140] as Graf von Salm und Langenstein. A charter dated 1147 confirms the agreement between "comitissa Agnes et heredes de Languesten" and "Bencelinus de Turquesten cum filio suo Conone" and others relating to the abbey of Haute-Seille, with the consent of "comitissam Agnetem de Languesten cum filiis suis Henrico et Hermanno consulibus, Conrardum…comitem cum uxore sua Havyde et filio Hugone"[238]. Between Jun 1147 and 10 Aug 1149, he took part in the Second Crusade. "Henricus comes de Langsteim" donated property to the abbey of Bongort by charter dated to [1147/54][239]. He is mentioned for the last time in a letter dated 1153 from the abbé de Stavelot[240].
m CLEMENTIA, daughter of --- (-before 1169). According to Europäische Stammtafeln[241], the wife of Graf Heinrich [I] was named Clementia but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. According to the same source, she may have been the daughter of Albert [I] Graf von Dagsburg, although the basis for this speculation is not known. In any case, this parentage appears unlikely from a chronological point of view if it is correct that Graf Albert died in 1098, given the likely date of Clementia's grandson's marriage in the 1180s. If Clementia was related to the Grafen von Dagsburg, it is therefore more likely that she would have been Clementia, daughter of Hugo [XI] Graf von Dagsburg & his wife Gertrud [van Looz].
Graf Heinrich [I] & his wife had two children:
1. HEINRICH [II] von Salm (-1200). His parentage is proved by the charter dated 1186 under which "Henricus comes de Salmis" confirmed donations to the abbey of Haute-Seille by "Agnetem comitissam de Langesten aviam meam, Henricum patrem meum et Hermanum fratrem eius, consules"[242]. He succeeded his father in [1153] as Graf von Salm. "Henricus comes de Salmis" confirmed donations to the abbey of Haute-Seille by "patrui mei comitis Hermani aviæque meæ Agnetis" by charter dated 1174[243]. m JUTTA, daughter of ---. "Henricus comes de Salmis", about to leave on crusade, donated property to the abbey of Haute-Seille with the consent of "uxore mea Joatha et Henrico filio meo et Joatha sponsa eius et filiabus meis Agnete et Lorathe" by charter dated 1189[244]. Richer records that "mater dicti Hanrici" (referring to Heinrich [III]) obtained "castrum de Danubrio"[245]. Graf Heinrich [II] & his wife had five children:
a) HEINRICH [III] von Salm (-1246, bur St Peter). "Henricus comes de Salmis", about to leave on crusade, donated property to the abbey of Haute-Seille with the consent of "uxore mea Joatha et Henrico filio meo et Joatha sponsa eius et filiabus meis Agnete et Lorathe" by charter dated 1189[246]. He succeeded his father in 1200 as Graf von Salm.
- see below.
b) MORITZ von Salm . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. A priest in Ronde.
c) FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN von Salm (-[1246). Richer records that "Hanrico filio Hanrici de Danubrio dicti de Salmis" obtained the advocacies of "vallis Senoniensis et de Plannia et Vypodi-cella", referring also to "patruus eius Fridericus…de Albo-Monte"[247]. Comte de Blâmont. m (before 1235) ELISABETH, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Friedrich & his wife had one child:
i) HENRION . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur de Blâmont et de Dombasle, 1277.
d) AGNES von Salm (-after 1189). "Henricus comes de Salmis", about to leave on crusade, donated property to the abbey of Haute-Seille with the consent of "uxore mea Joatha et Henrico filio meo et Joatha sponsa eius et filiabus meis Agnete et Lorathe" by charter dated 1189[248].
e) LAURETTE von Salm (-after 1189). "Henricus comes de Salmis", about to leave on crusade, donated property to the abbey of Haute-Seille with the consent of "uxore mea Joatha et Henrico filio meo et Joatha sponsa eius et filiabus meis Agnete et Lorathe" by charter dated 1189[249].
2. ELISABETH von Salm (-after 1200). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m FRIEDRICH [II] Graf von Vianden, son of FRIEDRICH [I] Graf von Vianden & his wife --- (-after 1187).
HEINRICH [III] von Salm, son of HEINRICH [II] Graf von Salm & his wife Jutta --- (-1246, bur St Peter). "Henricus comes de Salmis", about to leave on crusade, donated property to the abbey of Haute-Seille with the consent of "uxore mea Joatha et Henrico filio meo et Joatha sponsa eius et filiabus meis Agnete et Lorathe" by charter dated 1189[250]. He succeeded his father in 1200 as Graf von Salm. "H dictus comes de Salmes, J comitissa uxor mea, Henricus et Fredericus filii nostri" donated property to the abbey of Senone by charter dated 19 Feb 1219[251]. "Henricus comes de Salmis et…Ferricus filius eiusdem" confirmed their obligations to the bishop of Metz by charter dated Mar 1234[252]. He and his wife made a foundation at the abbey of Senones in Mar 1245[253]. Richer records that "comitem Henricum" oppressed the abbey of Senone, was expelled by his son (presumably referring to Heinrich), and was later buried "in ecclesia Sancti Petri" (describing his tomb)[254].
m (before 1189) JUTTA [Judith] de Lorraine, daughter of FERRY de Lorraine Sire de Bitsch [later FERRY I Duke of Lorraine] & his wife Wierchosława Ludmilla of Poland ([1171]-19 Mar after 1245, bur Senones Abbey). "Henricus comes de Salmis", about to leave on crusade, donated property to the abbey of Haute-Seille with the consent of "uxore mea Joatha et Henrico filio meo et Joatha sponsa eius et filiabus meis Agnete et Lorathe" by charter dated 1189[255]. Richer records that "comite Henrico…dictus…de Salmis…contemporaneus noster" married "sororem Friderici ducis Lotoringie" and had two sons "primogenitum…Henricum et alium…Fridericum"[256].
Graf Heinrich [III] & his wife had seven children:
1. HEINRICH von Salm (-after 21 Sep 1228). Richer records that "comite Henrico…dictus…de Salmis…contemporaneus noster" married "sororem Friderici ducis Lotoringie" and had two sons "primogenitum…Henricum et alium…Fridericum"[257]. Seigneur de Viviers. Richer records that "comite Henrico…dictus…de Salmis…contemporaneus noster" granted "castrum de Vivario" to his son "Henricus" when he married[258]. Richer records that "Hanrico filio Hanrici de Danubrio dicti de Salmis" obtained the advocacies of "vallis Senoniensis et de Plannia et Vypodi-cella", referring also to "patruus eius Fridericus"[259]. m ([Jan/Jul] 1221) MARGUERITE de Bar, daughter of THIBAUT I Comte de Bar & his second wife Ermesinde de Bar-sur-Seine (-after 1259). She is named, but her origin not stated, in the charter dated Jan 1221 under which "H comes de Salmis et Joeta uxor mea" consented to the château de Viviers constituting the dower of "Margaretam" on her marriage to "Henrico primogenito nostro"[260]. Richer records that "comite Henrico…dictus…de Salmis…contemporaneus noster" married "sororem Friderici ducis Lotoringie" and had two sons "primogenitum…Henricum et alium…Fridericum", and that "dictus Henricus" married "uxorem de stirpe comitis Barrensis"[261]. Heinrich & his wife had [three] children:
a) HEINRICH [IV] (-8 Jan 1292 or 8 Jun 1293). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Richer records that in 1251 "dominum Henricum…de Salmis" was summoned before the court of the Bishop of Metz for the damage he had done to the church of Senone[262]. He succeeded his grandfather as Graf von Salm. Graf von Bliescastel 1275. A charter dated 19 May 1284 records an agreement between the bishop of Metz and "Henri cuens de Salmes, Henris, Jehan et Ferris fill edit conte de Salmes" relating to "la contei de Caistres"[263]. m (1242 before 12 Feb) as her second husband, LAURETTE von Bliescastel, widow of --- von Rappoltstein, daughter of HEINRICH Graf von Bliescastel & his wife --- (-Sep 1269). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Heiress of Hunolstein, Bernkastel and Püttlingen.
- GRAFEN von SALM[264].
b) [SOPHIE . She is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[265] as the possible daughter of Heinrich von Salm Seigneur de Viviers but the basis for this speculation is not known. m DIETRICH SIEGBERT Graf von Rixingen [Werd] (-1272).]
c) [HERMANN . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Canon at Liège St Lambert 1248.]
Heinrich has one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:
d) son . Richer records that "dominum Henricum…de Salmis" had "fratrem" born to "in partibus Burgundie…muliere"[266].
2. JUTTA von Salm (-after Dec 1224). She is named with her parents in a document dated Dec 1224[267].
3. AGNES von Salm (-15 Jan 1280, bur Abbey of Remiremont). She was elected Abbess of Remiremont in 1242 in succession to her maternal aunt Agathe de Lorraine[268].
4. LAURETTE von Salm (-after Dec 1224). She is named with her parents in a document dated Dec 1224[269].
5. FRIEDRICH von Salm (-1255). Richer records that "comite Henrico…dictus…de Salmis…contemporaneus noster" married "sororem Friderici ducis Lotoringie" and had two sons "primogenitum…Henricum et alium…Fridericum"[270]. "H dictus comes de Salmes, J comitissa uxor mea, Henricus et Fredericus filii nostri" donated property to the abbey of Senone by charter dated 19 Feb 1219[271]. Richer records that "Friderico [de Albo-monte] filio Henrici comitis" was expelled from "castro de Albo-monte" and retreated to "castrum…Piere-percie"[272]. Seigneur de Blâmont [Blankenberg]. Richer records that "comitem Henricum…filius eius Fridericus miles" continued to attack the monastery, and retained "Album-montem et superius castrum de Danubrio", specifying that "mater dicti Hanrici" had obtained the latter[273]. "Henricus comes de Salmis et…Ferricus filius eiusdem" confirmed their obligations to the bishop of Metz by charter dated Mar 1234[274]. "Ferris de Salmes" confirmed that, if he acquired "le chastel de Blanmont" by settlement with "mon coisin Henri de Salme", he would hold it as a fief from "mon…cosin Jaique evesques de Metz", by charter dated 13 Jan 1246 (O.S.)[275].
- SEIGNEURS de BLÂMONT[276].
6. THOMASSE von Salm (-after 1256). Treasurer of the abbey of Remiremont[277].
7. [BERTHA von Salm . Poull suggests that the wife of Simon was the daughter of Heinrich [III] Graf von Salm[278]. m SIMON [IV] Sire de Parroye, son of SIMON [III] Sire de Parroye & his [first/second] wife --- .]
GERHARD [II] von Sponheim, son of GERHARD [I] Graf von Sponheim & his wife --- (-after 1096). He founded Kloster Hosingen in 1096.
m ADELHEID, daughter of --- (-after 1096).
Gerhard [II] & his wife had one child:
1. FRIEDRICH [I] (-after 1152). Graf von Vianden. Albero Archbishop of Trier confirmed donations to Kloster St Thomas bei Andernach by charter dated 1138 witnessed by "Fridericus comes de Vienna, Godefridus de Asche, Gerlacus de Isenburg et frater eius Remboldus…"[279]. Albero Archbishop of Trier confirmed the foundation of Kloster Lonnich by charter dated 1142 witnessed by "Walrammus comes de Arlo, Fridericus comes de Vianna, Gerlacus, Reinboldus, Sigefridus fratres de Isenburch, Heinricus de Cazenelinboge…"[280]. Vogt von Prüm. m ---. Friedrich [I] & his wife had one child:
a) FRIEDRICH [II] (-after 1187). Graf von Vianden. Graf von Salm. m ELISABETH von Salm, daughter of HEINRICH [I] Graf von Salm & his wife Clementia --- (-after 1200). Friedrich [II] had two children:
i) FRIEDRICH [III] (-after 1200). Graf von Vianden.
- see below.
ii) WILHELM (-[1210/14]). Graf von Salm.
FRIEDRICH [III] von Vianden, son of FRIEDRICH [II] Graf von Vianden & his wife Elisabeth von Salm (-after 1200). Graf von Vianden. He founded Kloster Niederehe.
m MECHTILD von der Neuerburg, daughter of ---.
Friedrich [III] & his wife had three children:
1. HEINRICH [I] (-[20 Aug/19 Nov] 1252). Graf von Vianden. Marquis de Namur 1229, by right of his wife. "Henricus marchio Namucensis et Viennæ comes et Margarita marcionissa et comitissa uxor eius" confirmed the foundation of the abbey of Grandpré by "prædecessoris ac fratris nostri Philippi bonæ memoriæ" by charter dated Aug 1231[281]. "Henricus et Margarita comitissa Viennensis" founded a monastery at Vianden, with the consent of "Philippi nostri primogeniti", as well as anniversaries for themselves "et filiorum nostrorum…Friderici et Philippi", by charter dated Jun 1248[282]. m (before 1217) as her second husband, MARGUERITE de Courtenay, widow of RAOUL [III] Sire d'Issoudun, daughter of PIERRE Comte d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre, Seigneur de Courtenay [later Emperor of Constantinople] & his second wife Yolande de Flandre Marquise de Namur ([1194]-Marienthal convent 17 Jul 1270, bur Marienthal). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "secundam filiarum eius [Namucensis comitis Petri] Sibiliam" as the wife firstly of "Radulfus de Essolduno in Bituria" and secondly of "comes Heinricus de Vienne et Ardenna". He also cites her supposed third marriage to "Lascarus Grecus…imperator Nicee", but is here confusing her with her younger sister Marie[283]. She succeeded her first husband in 1216 as Dame de Châteauneuf-sur-Cher et de Mareuil-en-Berry. She took possession of Namur as Marquise de Namur in 1229 on the death of her brother Henri. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that, on the death in 1229 of "comite Namucensi Henrici puero", his sister "Sibilia comitissa Vienne" occupied "castrum Namuci" against the competing claim of Fernando Count of Flanders[284]. "Henricus marchio Namucensis et Viennæ comes et Margarita marcionissa et comitissa uxor eius" confirmed the foundation of the abbey of Grandpré by "prædecessoris ac fratris nostri Philippi bonæ memoriæ" by charter dated Aug 1231[285]. She was obliged to transfer Namur to her brother Baudouin in 1237. "Henricus et Margarita comitissa Viennensis" founded a monastery at Vianden, with the consent of "Philippi nostri primogeniti", as well as anniversaries for themselves "et filiorum nostrorum…Friderici et Philippi", by charter dated Jun 1248[286]. She became a nun at the convent of Marienthal near Luxembourg after the death of her second husband[287]. Heinrich [I] & his wife had four children:
a) FRIEDRICH (-10 Nov 1247). "Henricus et Margarita comitissa Viennensis" founded a monastery at Vianden, with the consent of "Philippi nostri primogeniti", as well as anniversaries for themselves "et filiorum nostrorum…Friderici et Philippi", by charter dated Jun 1248[288]. m ([Apr/Oct] 1247) as her first husband, --- von Salm, daughter of HEINRICH [III] Graf in the Ardennes & his wife --- (-after 1261). She married secondly Heinrich von Esch. Friedrich & his wife had one child:
i) HEINRICH (early 1248-1291). Herr von Schönecken. m firstly JUTTA von Blankenheim, daughter of FRIEDRICH von Blankenheim & his wife --- (-after 1282). m secondly as her second husband, BEATRICE de Houffalize, widow of HENRI de Mirwart, daughter of HENRI de Houffalize & his wife ---.
- von SCHÖNECKEN[289].
b) PHILIPP [I] (-23 Apr 1273). "Henricus et Margarita comitissa Viennensis" founded a monastery at Vianden, with the consent of "Philippi nostri primogeniti", as well as anniversaries for themselves "et filiorum nostrorum…Friderici et Philippi", by charter dated Jun 1248[290]. Graf von Vianden.
- see below.
c) HEINRICH (-1267). Bishop of Utrecht 1249.
d) MATHILDE . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the dispensation issued by Pope Innocent IV for the marriage of "Anselmum de Keu ac Mariam natam Matildis dominæ de Posaga, natæ comitissæ Viennensis" dated 15 Aug 1253, and the marriage licence for "Maria, nate quondam Calojohanni" dated 13 Jan 1254, the documents naming "imperatore Constantinopolitano, eiusdem Matildis avunculo"[291]. m IOANNES "Kaloioannes" Angelos, son of Emperor ISAAKIOS III & his second wife Margit of Hungary (-after 1240).
2. MECHTILD (-before 1241). Her parentage and two marriages are confirmed by the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines which records that the mother of Konrad Archbishop of Köln was "sorore comitis Henrici Viennensis" and that she married secondly "Henricus frater comitis Losensis, quondam prepositus Traiectensis"[292]. "Lutharius comes de Hostaden cum uxore mea Mechtilde et filiis meis Luthario et Conrado" donated the church at Frimmersdorf to the abbey of Knechtsteden by charter dated 1210[293]. "Lutharius…comes in Hostadin" donated the church at Rommerskirchen to Knechtsteden abbey, with the consent of "uxoris nostre Mechtildis", by charter dated 1212[294]. "Lutharius comes, Methildis comitissa de Hostaden" donated property "in villa…Wieuelinchouin" to Knechtsteden abbey by charter dated Feb 1214[295]. m firstly LOTHAR [I] Graf von Hochstaden, son of DIETRICH Graf von Ahr & his wife --- von Dagsburg (-1215). m secondly (1216) HENRI de Looz, son of GERARD [II] Comte de Looz Graf von Rieneck & his wife Adelheid van Gelre (-2 Aug 1218).
3. FRIEDRICH [I] von der Neuerburg (-before 17 Mar 1258). m CECILIA von Isenburg, daughter of GERLACH [II] von Isenburg-Kobern & his wife --- (-1267 or after).
- von der NEUERBURG[296].
PHILIPP [I] von Vianden, son of HEINRICH [I] Graf von Vianden & his wife Marguerite de Courtenay (-23 Apr 1273). "Henricus et Margarita comitissa Viennensis" founded a monastery at Vianden, with the consent of "Philippi nostri primogeniti", as well as anniversaries for themselves "et filiorum nostrorum…Friderici et Philippi", by charter dated Jun 1248[297]. Graf von Vianden. Heer van Perwez en Grimberghe.
m (before 10 Mar 1262) MARIE van Perwez, daughter of GODEFROI de Louvain Heer van Perwez & his first wife Alix van Grimberghe (-Sep 1289). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the testament of her brother "Godefrois sires de Perwei et de Grimberges" dated 25 Jul 1264 which names "mes seurs Marie comtesse de Vianne et Adain dame de Bruec"[298]. Vrouw van ½ Grimberghe, Ninove, Rumpst, Hoboken, Eekeren, Ingen, Havensberghe, Corroy, Frasne en Londerseel. "Philippus comes Vianensis dominus de Grimbergis et Maria eius uxor domina dictorum locorum" donated property to Grimbergen by charter dated Jun 1266[299]. "Maria comitissa de Viana domina de Grimberg et Perweis" confirmed a sale of property to Grimbergen by "Godefridus filius noster maior natu" with the consent of "uxoris suæ Aleydis", by charter dated 1278[300]. "Maria comitissa de Viana domina de Grimberge et Nivive et Godefridus filius noster maior natu" donated property to Grimbergen, with the consent of "Philippi fratris ipsius Godefridi", by charter dated 1280[301].
Philipp [I] & his wife had three children:
1. GOTTFRIED [I] (-[10 Dec 1307/15 Oct 1310]). Graf von Vianden. "Maria comitissa de Viana domina de Grimberg et Perweis" confirmed a sale of property to Grimbergen by "Godefridus filius noster maior natu" with the consent of "uxoris suæ Aleydis", by charter dated 1278[302]. "Maria comitissa de Viana domina de Grimberge et Nivive et Godefridus filius noster maior natu" donated property to Grimbergen, with the consent of "Philippi fratris ipsius Godefridi", by charter dated 1280[303]. m firstly (1278 or before) ALEIDIS van Oudenaarde, daughter of JAN Heer van Oudenaarde & his second wife Mathilde de Crecques. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that the eldest daughter of "domino Johannis de Audenarde" and his second wife married "Godefrido comiti de Vienna in Ardenna"[304]. "Maria comitissa de Viana domina de Grimberg et Perweis" confirmed a sale of property to Grimbergen by "Godefridus filius noster maior natu" with the consent of "uxoris suæ Aleydis", by charter dated 1278[305]. m secondly LUTGARDE de Ligny, daughter of ---. Gottfried [I] & his first wife had three children:
a) PHILIPP [II] (-[1315/16]). Graf von Vianden. Heer van Grimberghe.
- see below.
b) MARGARETA (-1336). m as his first wife, HENRI de Flandre Heer van Ninove, son of HENRI de Flandre Conte de Lodi & his wife Margareta von Kleve (-1366).
c) HEINRICH (-after 1351). m ADELHEID van Valkenburg, daughter of REINOLD Heer van Valkenburg & his wife Maria van Boutershem (-1332). Heiress of St. Vich, Dasburg and Bütgenbach[306].
2. MARGARETA (-8 Mar 1318). "Arnould comte de Los et de Chiny et Marguerite ma femme" granted privileges to the citizens of Chiny by charter dated 22 May 1301[307]. m (27 Jul 1280) ARNAUD [V] Comte de Looz et de Chiny, son of JEAN [I] Comte de Looz & his first wife Mathilde von Jülich (-22 Aug 1327).
3. PHILIPP van Rumpst (-1308 or after). "Maria comitissa de Viana domina de Grimberge et Nivive et Godefridus filius noster maior natu" donated property to Grimbergen, with the consent of "Philippi fratris ipsius Godefridi", by charter dated 1280[308]. m MARIE de Cernay, daughter of ---. Philipp & his wife had two children:
a) LUDWIG (-after 1325). Canon at Utrecht.
b) MARIA van Rumpst . Heiress of Rumpst and Schorisse [Escornaix]. m firstly GUILLAUME de Flandre, son of GUILLAUME de Flandre Seigneur de Dendermonde et de Crèvecœur & his wife Alix de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (-1320). He succeeded his father in 1311 as Seigneur de Dendermonde. He succeeded as Vicomte de Châteaudun, Seigneur de Nesle-en-Picardie, by right of his mother. m secondly (before 1324) as his first wife, ENGUERRAND de Coucy Vicomte de Meaux, son of ENGUERRAND [V] Seigneur de Coucy [Guines] & his wife Christian de Lindsay (-1344).
PHILIPP [II] von Vianden, son of GOTTFRIED [I] Graf von Vianden & his first wife Aleidis van Oudenaarde (-[1315/16]). Graf von Vianden. Heer van Grimberghe.
m ADELHEID von Arnsberg, daughter of LUDWIG Graf von Arnsberg & his wife Petronella von Jülich.
Philipp [II] & his first wife had five children:
1. HEINRICH [II] (-murdered Famagusta Sep 1337). Graf von Vianden. m ([1335/36]) as her first husband, MARIE de Namur, daughter of JEAN I Comte de Namur & his second wife Marie d'Artois (1322-before 29 Oct 1357). She married secondly (1340, dispensation 9 Sep 1342) Thibaut de Bar Seigneur de Pierrepont. Heinrich [II] & his wife had one child:
a) MARIA ([1337]-21 Apr 1400). m ([23 Jul 1348]) SIMON [III] Graf von Sponheim in Kreuznach, son of --- (-30 Aug 1414). Graf von Vianden 1349.
2. ADELHEID (-30 Sep 1376). "Otto greue van Nassowe ind Aleyd van Vianden syn…husfrowe" sold half of the town of Gensberg to Walram Archbishop of Köln by charter dated 13 Feb 1345[309]. "Wilhelm…marcgreue zu Guilge" reached agreement with "unser niechten vrauwe Aleyde greuinnen van Nassauwe, yren kynden ind yren eruen, heren Frederiche heirren zu Cronenberch ind heren Goedarde heirren zu Wyltz […unserm niechten]" to divide the half share of "Wilhelme greuen zu Namen" in the inheritance of the late "unsme neiuen greue Lodewiche van Vyanden" by charter dated 23 May 1356[310]. This document was incorrectly interpreted by Walther Möller, who assumed that Friedrich Herr zu Kronenberg was one of the "kynden ind…eruen" of countess Adelheid, and therefore that she had married firstly his father Johann von Dollendorf Herr zu Kronenberg[311]. The document should more correctly be read as referring to countess Adelheid and her unnamed children. Adelheid is called "niechte" of Wilhelm Markgraf von Jülich in the document, which indicates her maternal ancestry, Petronella von Jülich being her maternal grandmother[312]. m (contract 23 Dec 1331) OTTO [II] Graf von Nassau in Dillenburg, son of HEINRICH Graf von Nassau in Siegen und Dillenburg & his wife Adelheid von Heinsberg ([1305]-killed in battle [Dec 1350/Jan 1351]).
3. GOTTFRIED (-after 18 Oct 1352). Canon at Köln and Utrecht.
4. LUDWIG (-killed in battle 1343). Graf von Vianden. Provost at Münstereifel 1330, resigned 1341.
5. GERHARD (-before 1 Apr 1339). m ELISABETH von Leefdael, daughter of ROGER van Leefdael & his wife ---.
Vanderkindere suggests that the county of Bonn was one of the five counties in Germany west of the river Rhine, the five counties "in Ribuarias comitatus quinque" referred to, but not named, in the 870 treaty, the other counties being Jülich, Zülpich, Eifel, and Köln[313].
1. EBERHARD, son of [EHRENFRIED Graf von Bliesgau, Comte de Charpeigne & his wife Adelgunde ---] (-after 937). Eberhard is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[314] as the son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf im Keldachgau (in Franconia) 904. Graf von Bonn 913. Flodoard records that Heinrich I King of Germany sent "Ebrardus quidam Transrhenensis" to "regnum Lotharii" to re-establish peace[315], although it is not certain to which Eberhard this refers. "Alfuuinus ac…coniux mea Ada" donated property "…in Kuningessundere in comitatu Euerhardi comitis in villa Birgidesstal…" to the Ursulastift in Köln by charter dated 12 Mar 927, signed by "…Euerhardi comitis, Adalhardi comitis…"[316]. "Gysalbertus dux rectorque S. Traiectenses ecclesie" donated property "Gulisam…in pago [Ardunensi] in comitatu Everhardi" to Trier by charter dated 928, subscribed by "Walgeri comitis, Thiedrici comitis, Cristiani comitis, Folcoldi comitis"[317]. m ---. The name of the wife of Graf Eberhard is not known. Graf Eberhard & his wife had [three] children:
a) [HERMANN [I] . Hermann is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[318] as the son of Eberhard & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf im Auelgau (in Franconia) 922/48. "Otto…rex" ordered that the men of "pago Auga in comitatu Rethardi et in pago Netga in comitatu Dendi et Hamponis et in pago Huctigo in comitatu Herimanni" not to interfere with rights of Kloster Corvey, by charter dated 19 Apr 940[319]. Wichfrid Archbsihop of Köln confirmed the church "in villa…Pleisa in pago Aualgauense sub comitatu Herimanni comitis" by charter dated 948[320]. "Arnulfum…eiusque coniugem…Alvradam" donated property "in comitatu Herimanni in pago…Bunnoniensi" to Prüm by charter dated to [948][321]. m ---. The name of Hermann's wife is not known. Hermann [I] & his wife had two children:
i) [EBERHARD [II] (-10 May 966). Eberhard is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[322] as the son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf im Auelgau (in Franconia) 966: "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Haspengewe in comitatu Werenherii qua postmodum fideli nostro comiti Immoni condonavimus" to the Marienkapelle, Aachen in exchange for property "in pago Liuhgouui in comitatu Richarii…in pago Auvlgowi in comitatu Eberhardi, Limberge…" by charter dated 17 Jan 966[323].
ii) [GOTTFRIED (-after 2 Jan 970). Gottfried is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[324] as the son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Bruno Archbsihop of Köln donated property "in pago Gelegoui in comitatu Gotfridi comitis in villa nel marcka Stumbele" to Köln St Cecilia by charter dated 25 Dec 962[325]. Graf im Auelgau (in Franconia). Gero Archbsihop of Köln donated property "in pago Bonnense in comitatu Herimanni comitis in villa vel marca Ingermaresthorp…in pago…Auelgoue in comitatu Godefridi comitis in villa vel marca Roonthorp" to Kloster Gerresheim by charter dated 2 Jan 970[326].
b) [EHRENFRIED [II] (-before 970). Ehrenfried is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[327] as the son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Zülpich: a charter dated 24 Jan 942 refers to property "in pago Tulpiacense in comitatu Erinfridi comitis in villa vel marka…Merlesheim"[328]. Graf von Bonn: Wicfried Archbishop of Köln donated property “in pago Juliacense in comitatu Godefridi comitis in castello…Julicha…in pago…Bunnensi in comitatu Eremfridi comitis…in villa Brunheim…in comitatu…Udonis comitis in villa Reinsa” to the Ursulastift by charter dated 2 Aug 945, signed by “fratris eius Godefridi comitis…”[329]. "Otto…rex" confirmed the immunities of Kloster Essen including over land "excepta in loco Ruoldinghus quam Eggihart et eius coniunx Rikilt" possessed by hereditary right and in land "in comitatu Ecberti et Cobbonis" by charter dated 15 Jan 947, signed by "Heinrici fratris regis, Herimanni ducis, Cuonradi comitis, Erenfridi comitis, Gebehardi comitis, Ekkihardi comitis, Hugonis comitis"[330]. Graf von Hattuaria: "Otto…rex" confirmed the privileges of Kloster Gandersheim including property "villa Mundulinhgeim in pago Hatteri in comitatu Erenfridi" by charter dated 4 May 947[331]. Graf von Tubalgo: "Otto…rex" confirmed the rights of Kloster Echternach in property "in villam…Rinera in pago Tubalgouue in comitatu Irinuridi comitis" by charter dated 4 Aug 947[332]. Graf im Ruhr-Keldachgau (in Franconia): a charter dated 950 refers to "locum in comitatu Eremfridi comitis Huppolderroth dictum" (Hubbeliath, east of Düsseldorf in the Keldachgau)[333]. m RICHWARA, daughter of --- (-before 10 Jun 963). "Herimannis…comes" donated property "in…villæ…Eilba in Maginensi pago" to Münster St Martin for the soul of "nostræ matris Rihuuare" by charter dated 10 Jun 963[334]. Graf Ehrenfried & his wife had two children:
i) HERMANN "Pusillus" (-16 Jul 996). "Herimannis…comes" donated property "in…villæ…Eilba in Maginensi pago" to Münster St Martin for the soul of "nostræ matris Rihuuare" by charter dated 10 Jun 963[335]. The primary source which names his father has not yet been identified. Graf von Bonn 970, 992 and 993. Gero Archbishop of Köln donated property "in pago Bonnense in comitatu Herimanni comitis in villa vel marca Ingermaresthorp…in pago…Auelgoue in comitatu Godefridi comitis in villa vel marca Roonthorp" to Kloster Gerresheim by charter dated 2 Jan 970[336]. "Uuicfredus sancta Treuerice sedis archidiaconus" donated property "in pago Aiflense in comitatu Herimanni" to the abbey of St Maximin by charter dated 975[337]. Graf in Gerresheim 976. Graf von Zülpich 981. Pfalzgraf of Lower Lotharingia [985]/989. Graf im Auelgau (in Franconia) 996.
ii) [EHRENFRIED (-after 999). Ehrenfried is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[338] as the son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Abbot of Gorze. Abbot of St Truiden 994/999.
c) [EBERHARD (-[3 Sep] before 964). Eberhard is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[339] as the possible son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graaf van Drenthe en Salland.]
The county of Cambrai developed from the pagus Cameracensis, located to the south-east of the county of Hainaut and to the north of the counties of Artois and Vermandois. After the Treaty of Verdun in 843, Cambrai fell within the kingdom of Lotharingia. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum…Cameracensem…" to King Charles[340]. The earliest recorded count of Cambrai is Raoul, son of Baudouin I Count of Flanders, who was probably installed as count in [888] as explained below. However, it is uncertain how long Cambrai can have remained under west Frankish rule, as Arnulf King of Germany confirmed the rights of the church of Cambrai by charter dated 6 Jun 894[341], and Arnulf's son Zwentibold King of Lotharingia donated property "villam in pago Cameracensis…Liniacum" to Cambrai and its bishop by charter dated 3 Oct 898[342]. In any case, the Annales Vedastini record that Comte Raoul joined Zwentibold in 895[343]. Raoul was murdered in 896 after being captured by Héribert I Comte de Vermandois. The next recorded count is Isaac (see below). According to Europäische Stammtafeln[344], Isaac was married to a daughter of Raoul. The primary source on which this is based has not been identified. It is likely that it is a speculative connection designed to explain the transmission of the county between Raoul and Isaac. Comte Raoul was probably under 30 years old when he died, and is unlikely to have been the father of a daughter of marriageable age, even accepting that daughters of the nobility were often married as early as aged 12 at the time. It is not known whether Isaac succeeded Raoul as count directly. The charter dated 8 Jun 908 issued by Ludwig IV "das Kind" King of Germany, subscribed by count Isaac, shows that he must have been an eastern Frankish nominee and was already enjoying the comital title at that date[345]. However, Isaac was in the west Frankish camp by 916 when he is named in a charter of Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks[346], and he is recorded as one of King Charles's supporters in his 921 meeting with Heinrich I King of Germany[347]. Otto I King of Germany granted the abbey of Saint-Géry, to the exclusion of all lay authority, to the bishop of Cambrai by charter dated 30 Apr 948[348]. Lay jurisdiction over the county of Cambrai ended in 1007 when Heinrich II King of Germany granted the county to the bishop of Cambrai[349]. However, by that time the comte de Cambrai had also been invested as comte in the march of Valenciennes. The Chronicon Hanoniense records that the comte de Hainaut inherited the lands of "comite Valencenensi" after the last count died without direct heirs[350].
1. RAOUL de Flandre, son of BAUDOUIN I Count of Flanders & his wife Judith of the West Franks [Carolingian] ([867/70]-murdered 17 Jun 896). "Rodolphus Cameracensis comes" is named as third of the three sons of Baudouin and his wife Judith in the list of counts of Flanders recorded in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[351]. The Annales Blandinienses records "Rodulfus comes et abba factus est" in 882[352]. The date when he was installed as Comte de Cambrai is not known. However, his brother Baudouin II Count of Flanders supported the election of Eudes King of France in 888, and it is suggested that Raoul's appointment must have taken place around that time. Baudouin quarrelled with King Eudes over the succession to the lay abbacy of Saint-Bertin in 892, so it is unlikely that the king would have favoured members of the count's family with a comital appointment after this episode. He supported his brother's attack on the county of Vermandois, captured Arras, Saint-Quentin and Péronne after 5 Jan 892, but was captured by Héribert I Comte de Vermandois and killed[353]. The Annales Vedastini name "Balduinus…comes et Rodulfus frater eius necnon et Ragnerus" when recording that they joined Zwentibold of Lotharingia in 895[354]. The History of Waulsort monastery records that "Cameracensis comes Rodulfus…regalis consanguinitatis" invaded the territory of "quatuor Heriberti filios" with the consent of "rege Francorum…avunculo suo" but was expulsed[355], but this confuses Raoul, son of Baudouin I, with Comte Raoul [II] de Gouy. The Annales Vedastini record that "Rodulfus comes" disrupted the peace in 896 and took the property of "Heribertus et Erkingerus", that "Odo rex" besieged "castrum sancti Quintini et Peronam" and expelled Raoul's supporters, and that Heribert killed Raoul[356]. The Annales Blandinienses record that "Rodulfus comes" was killed "IV Kal Iul 896"[357].
2. ISAAC (-[946/30 Apr 948]). Isaac's parentage is not known. The date when he was installed as Comte de Cambrai is not known. However, it was presumably before 8 Jun 908, the date of a charter under which "Hludowicus…rex" donated property "in pago Palanichoge in comitatu Egenonis in loco Ingilinstat" to Hatto Archbishop of Mainz after consulting "fidelium nostrorum comitum vero Burchardi, Egenonis et Ysaac"[358]. This document also suggests strongly that Isaac owed his appointment to the German king and therefore that at that time Cambrai must have been within Lotharingian jurisdiction. Although it is not completely certain that "Ysaac comes" in this charter was Isaac Comte de Cambrai, no other Count Isaac has been identified in the early 10th century. "Raginarius comes" and the abbot of Stavelot granted property "in pago Hasbanio in locis Honavi, Versines et Serangio" to "quidam fidelium nostrorum Harduinus" by charter dated 911, signed by "Ragenarii comitis, Issaac comitis, Macineri comitis…"[359]. "Isaac et Sigard comites" interceded for the church of Cambrai in a charter of Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks dated 22 May 916[360]. The Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium records a dispute between "Isaac comes" and "Fulbertum episcopum"[361]. Flodoard's Annals record that "Berengarius" captured "Giselbertum" and only freed him after receiving "filiis Ragenarii fratris ipsius Gisleberti" as hostages, after which Giselbert ravaged the lands of "Berengarii, Ragenariique fratris sui et Isaac comitis"[362]. Flodoard also refers to "Ysaac comes" in his History of Reims[363]. "…Isaac comitis…" subscribed the charter dated 11 Sep 918 under which "Elstrudis comitissa…cum filiis suis Arnulfo et Adelolfo" donated "hereditatem suam Liefsham…in terra Anglorum in Cantia" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "senioris sui Baldwini"[364]. A document dated 7 Nov 921 recording a meeting between Charles III "le Simple" King of France and Heinrich I King of Germany names "Matfredus, Erkengerus, Hagano, Boso, Waltherus, Isaac, Ragenberus, Theodricus, Adalardus, Adelelmus" as representatives of the former[365]. Flodoard's Annals record that "Gislebertus…dux et Otho, Isaac atque Theodericus comites" offered the French crown to Louis IV "d'Outremer" King of the West Franks in 939[366]. "…Isaac comitis, Arnulfi filii eius…" signed the charter dated 8 Jul 941 under which "Arnulfus…regis…marchysus" restored property to Saint-Pierre de Gand[367]. The Vita S. Humberti Maricolensis names "Isaac" as comte de Cambrai in a passage dated to 946[368]. It is assumed that Isaac died before 30 Apr 948, the date of a charter under which Otto I King of Germany granted the abbey of Saint-Géry, to the exclusion of all lay authority, to the bishop of Cambrai[369], a step which the king would probably not have taken if a count of Isaac's seniority had still maintained jurisdiction in the town. m ---. The name of Isaac's wife is not known. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[370], he was married to --- de Cambrai, daughter of Raoul de Flandre Comte de Cambrai & his wife ---, but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. As noted in the Introduction, it is possible that this is a speculative connection designed to explain the transmission of the county between the two individuals. Comte Isaac & his wife had two children:
a) ARNOUL [I] de Cambrai (-967). "…Isaac comitis, Arnulfi filii eius…" signed the charter dated 8 Jul 941 under which "Arnulfus…regis…marchysus" restored property to Saint-Pierre de Gand[371]. He may be the same person as "comitis sui…Arnulfi" for whose soul "nostra soror Gerbirgis regina" donated property "Dulciacus…in pago Haginao et Crumbrigga in pago Bragbatinse" to Blandigny, the donation confirmed by "Otto…imperator augustus" by charter dated 22 Jan 966[372].] m BERTA, daughter of [NIBELUNG Graaf van Betuwe & his wife --- de Hainaut] (-[30 Oct] ----). Her origin is indicated by her son Arnoul [II] Comte de Valenciennes being recorded as a relative of Balderic [II] Bishop of Liège[373], who was Berta's brother. The primary source which confirms her parentage more precisely has not yet been identified. The necrology of Liège Saint-Lambert records the death "III Kal Nov" of "Berte comitisse qui dedit nobis Crehem"[374], which which may refer to the wife of Comte Arnoul [I] as the deaths of her son and grandson are also recorded in the same source. Comte Arnoul [I] & his wife had [six] children:
i) [ROGER (-before 29 Jun 983). "Rodgerus" donated "Ansoldingehem villam mei" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 29 Jun 960, signed by "Arnulfi…Marchysi, Theoderici comitis, Arnulfi, itemque Arnulfi comitum, Odonis, Hugonis, Arnulfi, Raineri, Rodberti, fratrum…"[375]. In the Liber traditionum of the same monastery this donation by "Rogerius" of "hereditatis sue possessionem…Ansoldengim", signed by "Arnulfo juniore marchyso, Arnulfo et Odone et Rainero fratribus suis, Theoderico comite…", is dated 2 Oct 983[376], but the date must be incorrect in light of the next charter. "Arnulfus comes Valentianensis" donated "hereditatem quandam sui juris Corulis…in pago Karabantensi" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "fratrisque sui Rodgeri defuncti", by charter dated 29 Jun 983[377].
ii) [EUDES (-after 29 Jun 960). "Rodgerus" donated "Ansoldingehem villam mei" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 29 Jun 960, signed by "Arnulfi…Marchysi, Theoderici comitis, Arnulfi, itemque Arnulfi comitum, Odonis, Hugonis, Arnulfi, Raineri, Rodberti, fratrum…"[378]. In the Liber traditionum of the same monastery this donation by "Rogerius" of "hereditatis sue possessionem…Ansoldengim", signed by "Arnulfo juniore marchyso, Arnulfo et Odone et Rainero fratribus suis, Theoderico comite…", is dated 2 Oct 983[379], but the date must be incorrect as explained above.
iii) [HUGUES (-after 29 Jun 960). "Rodgerus" donated "Ansoldingehem villam mei" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 29 Jun 960, signed by "Arnulfi…Marchysi, Theoderici comitis, Arnulfi, itemque Arnulfi comitum, Odonis, Hugonis, Arnulfi, Raineri, Rodberti, fratrum…"[380].
iv) [ARNOUL [II] (-23 Oct 1012). He is recorded as a relative of Balderic [II] Bishop of Liège[381], who was the possible nephew of Berta, supposed mother of Comte Arnoul [II]. The primary source which confirms his parentage more precisely has not yet been identified. "Rodgerus" donated "Ansoldingehem villam mei" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 29 Jun 960, signed by "Arnulfi…Marchysi, Theoderici comitis, Arnulfi, itemque Arnulfi comitum, Odonis, Hugonis, Arnulfi, Raineri, Rodberti, fratrum…"[382]. In the Liber traditionum of the same monastery this donation by "Rogerius" of "hereditatis sue possessionem…Ansoldengim", signed by "Arnulfo juniore marchyso, Arnulfo et Odone et Rainero fratribus suis, Theoderico comite…", is dated 2 Oct 983[383], but the date must be incorrect as explained above. Comte de Cambrai. Comte de la marche de Valenciennes (Comte de Hainaut). The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that "comites Godefridus…[et] Arnulfus" defended Cambrai against Lothaire King of the West Franks, during the absence of Emperor Otto II in Poland, dated to 979, and against Eudes de Vermandois who had constructed Vinchy castle near the city[384]. "Arnulfus comes Valentianensis" donated "hereditatem quandam sui juris Corulis…in pago Karabantensi" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "fratrisque sui Rodgeri defuncti", by charter dated 29 Jun 983, signed by "Arnulfo juniore…marchyso, Theoderico comite et Arnulfo filio eius…"[385]. "…Theoderico comite, Arnulfo comite, Artoldo comite, Baldwino comite, item Arnulfo comite…" signed the charter dated 1 Apr 988 under which "Baldwinus marchysus cum matre sua Susanna" donated "villam Aflingehem…jacentem in pago Tornacinse" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, after the death of "Arnulfi marchysi"[386]. "Arnulfus comes Valencianensis et uxor sua Lietgardis cum filio suo Adalberto" donated "alodem suum…Carvin…super fluviolum Wendinium in pago Karabatensi" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 1 Jan 994[387]. "Arnulfus comes Valentinianensis et uxor sua Lietgardis cum filiio suo Adalberto" donated "ecclesiam in villa Materna" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 30 Sep 998[388]. Emperor Otto III confirmed rights in "castellum sancta Marie…in pago Cameracensis ac comitatu Arnolfi comitis" to the bishop of Cambrai by charter dated 21 Apr 1001[389]. Heinrich II King of Germany granted "comitatum Chameracensem" to the bishop of Cambrai by charter dated 22 Oct 1007[390]. The necrology of Liège Saint-Lambert records the death "X Kal Nov" of "Arnulphi comitis que dedit nobis Viusaz"[391], which can be linked to the corresponding entry for his son's death (see below). m LIUTGARDE, daughter of ---. "Arnulfus comes Valencianensis et uxor sua Lietgardis cum filio suo Adalberto" donated "alodem suum…Carvin…super fluviolum Wendinium in pago Karabatensi" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 1 Jan 994[392]. "Arnulfus comes Valentinianensis et uxor sua Lietgardis cum filiio suo Adalberto" donated "ecclesiam in villa Materna" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 30 Sep 998[393]. She possessed the alleu de Hanret, Hesbaye[394]. Vanderkindere suggests that the wife of Arnoul Comte de Valenciennes may have been Liutgarde, daughter of Robert [I] Comte de Namur, both because the couple's son was named Albert and also because Liutgarde held property at Hanret in Darnau pagus which was divided between Namur and Brabant[395]. Comte Arnoul [II] & his wife had one child:
(a) ALBERT (-30 Mar after 998). "Arnulfus comes Valencianensis et uxor sua Lietgardis cum filio suo Adalberto" donated "alodem suum…Carvin…super fluviolum Wendinium in pago Karabatensi" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 1 Jan 994[396]. "Arnulfus comes Valentinianensis et uxor sua Lietgardis cum filiio suo Adalberto" donated "ecclesiam in villa Materna" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 30 Sep 998[397]. The necrology of Liège Saint-Lambert records the death "III Kal Apr" of "Adelberti comitis que dedit nobis Viozaz"[398], which can be linked to the corresponding entry for his father's death (see above).
v) [RAINIER (-after 29 Jun 960). "Rodgerus" donated "Ansoldingehem villam mei" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 29 Jun 960, signed by "Arnulfi…Marchysi, Theoderici comitis, Arnulfi, itemque Arnulfi comitum, Odonis, Hugonis, Arnulfi, Raineri, Rodberti, fratrum…"[399]. In the Liber traditionum of the same monastery this donation by "Rogerius" of "hereditatis sue possessionem…Ansoldengim", signed by "Arnulfo juniore marchyso, Arnulfo et Odone et Rainero fratribus suis, Theoderico comite…", is dated 2 Oct 983[400], but the date must be incorrect as explained above.
vi) [ROBERT (-after 29 Jun 960). "Rodgerus" donated "Ansoldingehem villam mei" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 29 Jun 960, signed by "Arnulfi…Marchysi, Theoderici comitis, Arnulfi, itemque Arnulfi comitum, Odonis, Hugonis, Arnulfi, Raineri, Rodberti, fratrum…"[401].
vii) [son . It is likely that Hugues was the son of one of the named brothers of Arnoul [II] Comte de Cambrai shown above. m ---.]
(a) [HUGUES . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified, but it is likely that Hugues was the son of one of the brothers of Arnoul [II] Comte de Cambrai. Châtelain de Valenciennes.]
b) daughter . The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that Foubert Bishop of Cambrai purported to dissolve the marriage between "filiam Isaac" and "Amulricum comitem…ex pago Heinou" on grounds of consanguinity[402], dated to [953/56] because the preceding passage in the same source discusses the Hungarian invasion in 953 and because Bishop Foubert died in 956. No contemporary Isaac has been identified other than the Comte de Cambrai, so it is assumed that he was the father of Amaury's wife. m ([separated [953/56]) AMAURY, son of --- (-after 12 Feb 973). Comte de Hainaut. [Comte de la Marche de Valenciennes].
1. GODEFROI (-after 979). "Otto…rex" granted property "villa Vuambia sitam in pago Heinia in comitatu Godefridi" held by "Engibrandus" by charter dated 13 Jun 958[403]. The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that "comites Godefridus…[et] Arnulfus" defended Cambrai against Lothaire King of the West Franks, during the absence of Emperor Otto II in Poland, dated to 979, and against Eudes de Vermandois who had constructed Vinchy castle near the city[404].
The châtelains de Cambrai were appointed by the bishop of Cambrai, to whom the county was transferred in 1007 by Heinrich II King of Germany. The châtellenie of Cambrai passed to the châtelains de Douai in the mid-11th century.
1. JEAN (-after [975]). The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that "Iohannes…potens tam Cameracensium quam Vermandensium genere" was appointed to the "maiordomatu" of Cambrai by the bishop, dated to the early 970s, adding that he was insubordinate and that the bishop employed "Walterus quidam Lenensis castri vasallus" to control him and eventually named the latter as replacement châtelain[405]. Châtelain de Cambrai.
1. GAUTHIER [I] (-[1011]). The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that the bishop of Cambrai appointed "Walterus quidam Lenensis castri vasallus" as châtelain of Cambrai after dispossessing Jean[406]. Châtelain de Cambrai. m ---. The name of Gauthier's wife is not known. Gauthier [I] & his wife had one child:
a) GAUTHIER [II] (-murdered 1041). The Chronicon Sancti Andreæ names "Walterus et pater eius Walterus et nepos eius Hugo"[407]. Châtelain de Cambrai. The Annales Elnonses record that "Walterus Cameracensis castellanus" was killed while praying at the door of "ecclesiæ sanctæ Mariæ"[408]. The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that "Gualterus Cameracensis castellanus" was murdered and left "unicumque filium cum uxore"[409]. m as her first husband, ERMENTRUDE, daughter of ---. The Annales Elnonses name "Ermentrudis" as wife of "Walterus Cameracensis castellanus"[410]. "Ermentrudis relicta Gualteri" donated property "in vico…Braceolus in pago Cameracensi…[et] in pago Attrebatensi in villa…Vitris" to the abbey of Saint-Amand by charter dated 1041[411]. The Vita Domni Lietberti names “Walterius Cameracensis Castellanus” and “uxor Ermentrudis”, adding that she married “tyrannum…Joannem Advocatum Attrebatensem” after her first husband died[412]. She married secondly Jean [I] d'Arras, who succeeded in [1046/48] as Châtelain de Cambrai and in 1046 as avocat d'Arras[413]. The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that "Gualterus Cameracensis castellanus…uxor Ermentrudis" married "tirannum quondam…Iohannem, advocatum Atrebatensem"[414]. Gauthier [II] & his wife had two children:
i) son . The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that "Gualterus Cameracensis castellanus" was murdered and left "unicumque filium cum uxore", adding that the son was "puer" and died soon after[415].
ii) ADELA de Cambrai (-before 1046). Her parentage is deduced from the Chronicon Sancti Andreæ which names "Walterus et pater eius Walterus et nepos eius Hugo"[416], assuming that "nepos" should here be translated as grandson. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage more precisely, and her name, has not yet been identified. m HUGUES Châtelain de Douai, son of --- (-1051 or after).
1. JEAN (-after 1056). The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that "tirannum quondam…Iohannem, advocatum Atrebatensem" married the widow of "Gualterus Cameracensis castellanus…uxor Ermentrudis" and was appointed Châtelain de Cambrai, dated to [1046/48][417]. He succeeded in 1046 as avoué d'Arras[418]. The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that he was deposed as châtelain by bishop Liébert, after 1056[419]. m as her second husband, ERMENTRUDE, widow of GAUTHIER [II] Châtelain de Cambrai, daughter of ---. The Annales Elnonses name "Ermentrudis" as wife of "Walterus Cameracensis castellanus"[420]. The Vita Domni Lietberti names “Walterius Cameracensis Castellanus” and “uxor Ermentrudis”, adding that she married “tyrannum…Joannem Advocatum Attrebatensem” after her first husband died[421]. The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that "Gualterus Cameracensis castellanus…uxor Ermentrudis" married "tirannum quondam…Iohannem, advocatum Atrebatensem"[422].
HUGUES [I] de Douai, son of HUGUES Châtelain de Douai & his wife Adela de Cambrai (-1111 or after). The Chronicon Sancti Andreæ names "Walterus et pater eius Walterus et nepos eius Hugo"[423]. The Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that the bishop of Cambrai installed "Hugonem Gualteri castellani defuncti nepotem…adhuc puer" as Châtelain de Cambrai, under the tutorship of "propinquum quondam Ansellum" (Anselme de Ribemont Comte d'Ostrevant)[424]. "Walterus Duacensis" bought property from "fratre suo", with the consent of "Adriana…sua uxore, eorumque filio Symone", by charter dated to [1074][425]. The Gesta Pontificum Cameracensium (Gesta Burchardi I) names "Hugo de Osgiacho filius Hugonis castellanus Cameracensis" when recording that he was installed as châtelain de Cambrai[426]. The text also refers to "comes Robertus", which presumably refers to Robert II Count of Flanders. As count Robert died in 1111, this passage must refer to Hugues [I]. "Gautherii, prius castellani Duacensis, modo autem clerici, Hugonis, fratris eiusdem, Cameraco, Rogeri castellani de Insula, Frimoldi de eadem Insula…" signed the charter dated 3 Feb 1097 which records the settlement of a dispute between the count of Flanders and the abbey of Saint-Martin de Tours[427].
m ADA [de Rumigny], daughter of ---. The Gesta Cameracensium names "iuvenculam Adame neptem Richeldis Montensis comitiissæ" as wife of Hugues Châtelain de Cambrai[428]. Her family relationship with Richildis de Hainaut Ctss de Mons has not been established. "Walterus Duacensis" bought property from "fratre suo", with the consent of "Adriana…sua uxore, eorumque filio Symone", by charter dated to [1074][429].
Hugues [I] & his wife had three children:
1. SIMON d'Oisy (-before his father). "Walterus Duacensis" bought property from "fratre suo", with the consent of "Adriana…sua uxore, eorumque filio Symone", by charter dated to [1074][430].
- OISY FAMILY[431].
2. HUGUES [II] d'Oisy (-after 1133). Châtelain de Cambrai. Sire d'Oisy et de Crèvecœur. He became a monk at Vaucelles. m HILDIARDE de Mons, daughter of GOSSUIN [I] de Mons & his wife Ermengarde --- (-31 Mar 1145). The Annales Cameracenses record the death "II Kal Apr" in 1145 of "castellana Heldiurdis"[432]. Hugues [II] & his wife had four children:
a) SIMON d'Oisy (-before 1171). The Gesta Pontificum Cameracensium (Gesta Burchardi I) names "Symon, castellani Hugonis filius"[433]. Châtelain de Cambrai. The Gesta Pontificum Cameracensium (Gesta Burchardi I) records the capture of Simon at Oisy by the count of Flanders[434]. "Symon Cameracensis castellanus" granted duty exemptions to the abbey of Saint-Amand, with the approval of "uxor mea Ada et Gilius filius meus", by charter dated 1156, witnessed by "Ade uxoris mee, Gilii filii mei, Hugonis filii mei, Heldiardis filie mee, Matheldis filie mee…"[435]. m ADA de la Ferté-Ancoul, daughter of GEOFFROY Vicomte de la Ferté-Ancoul[-sous-Jouarre] & his wife ---. "Symon Cameracensis castellanus" granted duty exemptions to the abbey of Saint-Amand, with the approval of "uxor mea Ada et Gilius filius meus", by charter dated 1156, witnessed by "Ade uxoris mee, Gilii filii mei, Hugonis filii mei, Heldiardis filie mee, Matheldis filie mee…"[436]. Simon & his wife had five children:
i) GILLES d'Oisy (-killed in battle 1164). "Symon Cameracensis castellanus" granted duty exemptions to the abbey of Saint-Amand, with the approval of "uxor mea Ada et Gilius filius meus", by charter dated 1156, witnessed by "Ade uxoris mee, Gilii filii mei, Hugonis filii mei, Heldiardis filie mee, Matheldis filie mee…"[437].
ii) HUGUES [III] d'Oisy (-29 Aug 1189). "Symon Cameracensis castellanus" granted duty exemptions to the abbey of Saint-Amand, with the approval of "uxor mea Ada et Gilius filius meus", by charter dated 1156, witnessed by "Ade uxoris mee, Gilii filii mei, Hugonis filii mei, Heldiardis filie mee, Matheldis filie mee…"[438]. His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated [Jun/Aug] 1208 under which "Margareta uxor Galterii de Averna comitissa palatina Burgundie" confirmed an agreement between "Willelmum militem de Monasteriis" and Saint-Martin-des-Champs which also names "Hugo de Oysi filius Symonis vicecomitis, olim maritus meus"[439]. Châtelain de Cambrai. "…Hugonis de Oisi…" signed the charter dated [24 Apr/12 Jun] 1177 under which Philippe Count of Flanders declared that his older sister renounced the inheritance of her brother [440]. He became a monk at Messines in [1177]. "Hugo de Oisiaco vicecomes Meldensis, castellanus Cameracensis" donated property to "ecclesiam B. Mariæ de Pratis", for the soul of "uxoris meæ Margaretæ", by charter dated 1189[441]. The necrology of the Prieuré de Collinances records the death "29 Aug" of "vicecomes Hugo"[442]. m firstly (after 1158) as her second husband, GERTRUDE de Flandre, divorced wife of HUMBERT III Comte de Maurienne et de Savoie, daughter of THIERRY I Count of Flanders & his second wife Sibylle d'Anjou (-3 Mar after 1186). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names (in order) "Philippum, Matheum, Petrum et tres filias" as the children of "Theodericus filius ducis Alsatie [et] Sibillam", not naming the daughters but specifying that "quarum primogenita nupsit Amico comiti Intermontano"[443]. The Flandria Generosa names (in order) "Gertrudem et Margaretam" as the two daughters of Count Thierry & his second wife[444]. The Flandria Generosa, in a later manuscript, names "Gertrudis primogenita" and her first husband "comiti de Moriana", from whom she was separated, and her second husband "Hugoni de Oisi", specifying that she later became a nun at "Mencinis"[445]. Philippe Count of Flanders, on the point of leaving on crusade, declared that "sororis mee Gertrudis quondam Morianensis comitisse" had renounced her inheritance before becoming a nun, by charter dated [24 Apr/12 Jun] 1177[446]. She became a nun at Messines [1177]. m secondly ([1183]) as her first husband, MARGUERITE de Blois, daughter of THIBAUT V Comte de Blois et de Chartres & his second wife Alix de France (-12 Jul 1230). "…Filiis quoque et filiabus meis Theobaldo et Ludovico atque Henrico, Margarita et Ysabella" consented to the donation by "Theobaldus Blesensis comes, Francie senesscalus" to Hôtel-Dieu, Châteaudun by charter dated 1183[447]. Her first marriage is confirmed by the charter dated [Jun/Aug] 1208 under which "Margareta uxor Galterii de Averna comitissa palatina Burgundie" confirmed an agreement between "Willelmum militem de Monasteriis" and Saint-Martin-des-Champs which also names "Hugo de Oysi filius Symonis vicecomitis, olim maritus meus"[448]. "Hugo de Oisiaco vicecomes Meldensis, castellanus Cameracensis" donated property to "ecclesiam B. Mariæ de Pratis", for the soul of "uxoris meæ Margaretæ", by charter dated 1189[449]. She married secondly ([1190]) Otto von Staufen Comte Palatin de Bourgogne, [Hohenstaufen], and thirdly (after 1200) Gauthier [II] Seigneur d'Avesnes. William of Tyre (Continuator) records "la fille dou conte Thibaut de Blois" being the wife of "Otes dus de Borgoigne"[450]. The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis records that "dominus Galterus filius [Jacobi] primogeniti" married "Margareta comitatus Blesensis hærede"[451]. She succeeded her nephew in 1218 as Ctss de Blois, Vicomtesse de Châteaudun. "Margareta uxor Galterii de Averna comitissa palatina Burgundie" confirmed an agreement between "Willelmum militem de Monasteriis" and Saint-Martin-des-Champs by charter dated [Jun/Aug] 1208 which also names "Hugo de Oysi filius Symonis vicecomitis, olim maritus meus"[452]. The necrology of the abbey of Vauduisant records the death "IV Id Jul" of "comitisse Blesensis Marguerite"[453].
iii) PIERRE d'Oisy . Archdeacon 1169. Elected Bishop of Cambrai 1177.
iv) HILDIARDE d'Oisy (-before 1177). "Symon Cameracensis castellanus" granted duty exemptions to the abbey of Saint-Amand, with the approval of "uxor mea Ada et Gilius filius meus", by charter dated 1156, witnessed by "Ade uxoris mee, Gilii filii mei, Hugonis filii mei, Heldiardis filie mee, Matheldis filie mee…"[454]. Vicomtesse de Meaux. m ANDRE de Montmirail Seigneur de la Ferté-Gaucher (-before 1180). Their son André de Montmirail inherited the Châtellenie de Cambrai[455].
v) MATHILDE d'Oisy . "Symon Cameracensis castellanus" granted duty exemptions to the abbey of Saint-Amand, with the approval of "uxor mea Ada et Gilius filius meus", by charter dated 1156, witnessed by "Ade uxoris mee, Gilii filii mei, Hugonis filii mei, Heldiardis filie mee, Matheldis filie mee…"[456]. [1157/58]/1169.
b) CLEMENCE d'Oisy (-after [1165]). "Guilelmus jure hereditario Betuniensis advocatus" donated property to the church of Saint-Pry, with the consent of "Clementia uxore mea filioque meo Roberto", by charter dated to [1138][457]. "Robertum Bethunensium advocatum et matrem meam Clemenciam" confirmed donations to the priory of Saint-Pry-lez-Béthune, with the consent of "uxore mea Adelide et sorore mea Maltide et Roberto filio meo", by charter dated to [1165][458]. “Clementiæ dominæ de Chokes, matri Roberti advocati de Bethunia” donated “terram…Mansus” to "abbas S. Johannis de Chokes", with the consent of "filio eius Roberto Betuniensi advocato et uxore eius Adelide et filiis eius Roberto, Baldewyno, Willermo et filia eius Clementia"[459]. m ([1129]) GUILLAUME [I] de Béthune, son of ROBERT [IV] Seigneur de Béthune & his wife --- (-1138).
c) ERMENGARDE d'Oisy . The Gesta Pontificum Cameracensium (Gesta Burchardi I) refers to "Symon…sororis suæ…uxor Gerardi" but does not name his sister[460]. m GERARD [I] de Saint-Aubert dit Maufiliastre, avocat de Saint-Aubert et de Busigny (-killed in battle 6 Jul 1137).
d) GONDREA d'Oisy . amita of Robert de Béthune.
3. SIMON d'Oisy . 1111.
The county of Condroz was the successor of the pagus Condrustensis. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum …Condrust…" to King Charles[461]. No record has yet been found in the primary sources so far consulted of any comtes de Condroz. The castle of Huy was located within the county of Condroz, which lay south of the river Meuse and west of the river Ourthe. The county of Huy emerged in part of the territory of the ancient county of Condroz, probably in the early 10th century, and included some localities in the neighbouring county of Hesbaie[462]. The castle of Clermont was situated on the right bank of the river Meuse in the county of Condroz, near Liège. It emerged as the base of a county in the late 11th century[463].
1. WIDRICH [I] (-[before 1062]). [Comte] [de Clermont]. "Widricus" names "patris mei…Widrici in castello Clarimontis" by charter dated 1062[464]. m ---. The name of Widrich's wife is not known with certainty. However, it is possible that she was Hersende, separated wife of Hildrad [Hezelin] Comte [de Grandpré], daughter of ---, whom he would have married in [1020/25]. The line of argument for this identification is complex and depends on the correctness of several assumptions. Firstly, it is assumed, as explained below, that Giselbert Comte de Clermont was the grandson of Widrich [I]. Secondly, it is assumed that Ermengarde, wife of Gozelon Comte de Montaigu, was the paternal aunt of Giselbert Comte de Clermont, as indicated by the latter´s charter for Cluny dated 1091, quoted below[465]. Thirdly, in a charter dated 1064, "Ermentrudis de Harenzey" donated "allodium…Sumey" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert, for the soul of "mariti mei Gozolonis", with the consent of "filiis meis…Cunone comite Rodulfo Guidone Joanne Henrico et fratribus meis Hezelino comite et Rainaldo et Balduino", by charter dated 1064[466], her brothers being identified as three of the sons of Hildrad [Hezelin] Comte [de Grandpré]. Fourthly, Comte Hildrad´s wife is named in the charter dated 1020, under which "Hildradus cognomento Hescelinus comes" donated property for "Hercendis uxoris mee, Richardi quoque filii mei quem ad clericatus" to Verdun Saint-Vanne[467]. Fifthly, the Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium records that "Gerardus episcopus…nepte" was the wife of "Hezelino", and that the couple separated after eight years of marriage[468]. Sixthly, it is assumed that this was the same wife of Comte Hildrad [Hezelin] who is named in the 1020 document (the chronology appears favourable) and that she was the mother not only of Hildrad´s son Richard (named in the 1020 document) but also of his three sons who are named in the 1064 document. "Hildradus cognomento Hescelinus comes" donated property "Bolruuel" for "Hercendis uxoris mee, Richardi quoque filii mei quem ad clericatus" to Verdun Saint-Vanne by charter dated 1020, subscribed by "Albrici nepotis mei"[469]. It is conceded that the argument is shaky and could fail if any one of these assumptions was incorrect. Nevertheless, it is felt to be a sufficiently interesting possibility to include in the present document. The precise parentage of Hersende is unknown. However, as noted above, her possible relationship to Gérard Bishop of Cambrai, who was the son of Arnaud Seigneur de Florennes, is indicated by the Gesta Episcoporum Cameracensium which records that "Gerardus episcopus…nepte" was the wife of "Hezelino". Gérard was elected bishop in 1010 but it is unlikely that he was born much earlier than 990, bearing in mind that his mother was the daughter of Godefroi Comte de Verdun whose marriage is dated to [963]. It is therefore probable that "nepte" in Gesta should be translated as a more remote family relationship than "niece": any children of Gerard's brothers and sisters could not have been born earlier than 1005, whereas Hildrad's son Richard (presumably born from his marriage with the bishop's niece) was assigned to be a cleric at Verdun Saint-Vanne in 1020. It is possible that the bishop's relationship with Hersende was through his mother's family, the comtes de Verdun. Widrich [I] & his wife had [three] children:
a) WIDRICH [II] (-after 1062). "Widricus" names "patris mei…Widrici in castello Clarimontis" by charter dated 1062[470]. m ---. The name of Widrich's wife is not known. Widrich [II] & his wife had [two] children:
i) [GISELBERT (-after 1091). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified, but the common references to Clermont, as well as the favourable chronology, suggests that Giselbert and his brother were sons of Widrich [II]. Comte de Clermont. "Gislebertus comes Clarimontis et frater meus Herimannus atque uxor mea Leugardis" donated the church of Saint-Symphorien to Cluny by charter dated 1091[471]. m LONGARDE, daughter of --- (-after 1091). "Gislebertus comes Clarimontis et frater meus Herimannus atque uxor mea Leugardis" donated the church of Saint-Symphorien to Cluny by charter dated 1091[472].]
ii) [HERMANN (-after 1091). "Gislebertus comes Clarimontis et frater meus Herimannus atque uxor mea Leugardis" donated the church of Saint-Symphorien to Cluny by charter dated 1091[473].]
b) [ERMENGARDE [Ermentrude] (-after 1091). "Gislebertus comes Clarimontis" names "amite mee Ermingardi comitisse et filiis eius" in the charter dated 1091 under which he donated the church of Saint-Symphorien to Cluny[474]. Assuming that "amite" in this document is interpreted strictly, Ermengarde was the donor´s paternal aunt, although this is not beyond all doubt because of the flexible interpretation of such terms indicating relationships in contemporary documentation. Her birth date range is estimated from her eldest son by her first marriage being born in the range [1040/50]. Archbishop Poppo of Trier confirmed the donation by "comitem Kadelonem et eius contectalem Irmingart" of hereditary property "de chorte Prümizvelt" by undated charter, dated to [1040/44], subscribed by "Duci Godefrido, Adalberto de Musel, comes Becelinus…"[475]. "Ermentrudis de Harenzey" donated "allodium…Sumey" to Ardenne Saint-Hubert on condition that she could be buried there with her husband, for the soul of "mariti mei Gozolonis", with the consent of "filiis meis…Cunone comite Rodulfo Guidone Joanne Henrico et fratribus meis Hezelino comite et Rainaldo et Balduino", by charter dated 1064[476], her brothers being identified as the sons of Hildrad [Hezelin] Comte [de Grandpré], which suggests the identity of Ermengarde's mother as Hildrad's wife (as discussed more fully above). Two charters indicate a close connection between Ermengarde and Bruno von Heimbach. Hildolf Archbishop of Köln donated property "ubi ipsa [Ermentrudis] hereditariam partem cum Brunone habuerat…Strala" (Stralen near Geldern) to the abbey of Siegburg by charter dated 1076[477]. ["Ermengardis comitissa…ab avis atque atavis nobilibus" donated property "apud Villas Worommes et Longum-Campum [Woromes, Longchamp] …allodium de Rumines [Rummen]…allodium de Curinges [Curenge]…allodium…apud Gelmines et Berlinges…allodium de Brede [Brée] cum ecclesia…quos dedit Gerardo comiti" to the church of Saint-Bartholomée de Liège by charter dated 1078, witnessed by "tunc advocatus…comes Henricus de Dolvin-Castello…comes Cono de Monte-Acuto, Reginardus de Roden, Witmannus de Molenarche…"[478]. The donor of this charter has not been identified with certainty. However, the presence of Conon Comte de Montaigu as first lay subscriber suggests that it may be his mother.] Siegwin Archbishop of Köln noted a donation of property at Stralen by "Irmengarda comitissa", by charter dated [1079/89], which states that her parents were buried at the abbey of Rees and that she had retained rights in Aspel[479]. The fact of Ermengarde having married at least twice is confirmed by the charter dated 1091 under which the bishop of Cambrai confirmed the donation by "Ermengardis de Monte Acuto" to the abbey of Saint-André du Cateau for the souls of her spouses ("conjugum")[480]. The identity of her other husband is suggested by the charter dated 1138 under which "Reinardus comitis de Ascha Gisleberti filius" renewed the right of the monks of Flône to take wood from his part of the forests "Clerimontis", granted previously by "pater eius et comes Lambertus"[481]. "Comes Lambertus" in this document is identified as Lambert Comte de Montaigu, who was Ermengarde´s grandson by her marriage to Gozelo Comte de Montaigu. The father of "Reinardus comitis de Ascha Gisleberti filius" can be identified as "Gislebertus comes de Aska" who granted the right to take wood from his forests in "sus possessionis de Claromonte" to the monks of Flône, for the souls of "patris sui Fredelonis et matris suæ Ermengardis et uxoris sue Aelaidis et ipsius comitis Gisleberti", by charter dated 1131, after 18 Mar[482]. The fact that Lambert Comte de Montaigu and Giselbert Graf von Esch both shared rights in property in Clermont is best explained by the co-identity of the two persons named Ermengarde from whom they were both descended, and from whom they would have inherited these rights. If this is correct, Gozelon would have been Ermengarde´s first husband and Fredelo her second. m [firstly] GOZELON Comte de Montaigu, son of --- (-1064, bur Saint Hubert). [m secondly (after 1064) FREDELON [von Esch], son of --- (-27 Aug [1083/85]).]
c) [MATHILDE . Emperor Heinrich IV restored "predium…Prümizfelt quidam comes Bruno de Hengebach…tradidit…cum uxore sua Mathilde", taken by "comes Henricus de Lintburc", to the abbey of Prüm by charter dated 3 Aug 1101[483]. No direct indication has been found that Mathilde, wife of Bruno von Heimbach, was the sister of Ermengarde Ctss de Montaigu. However, the reference to "Prümizfelt" in the 1101 charter which names Mathilde and her husband suggests a close relationship as the same place is named in the undated charter, dated to [1040/44], under which "comitem Kadelonem [Gozelon Comte de Montaigu] et eius contectalem Irmingart" donated hereditary property "de chorte Prümizvelt"[484]. The absence of any reference to Bruno and Ermentrude being siblings suggests that a relationship by marriage is a more likely possibility. If this is correct, one explanation is that Prümizvelt was inherited by supposed sisters Ermengarde and Mathilde from one of their parents. Indeed, if this was not the case, it is difficult to explain why his wife Mathilde would have been named in the 1101 charter with Bruno. If Ermengarde and Mathilde were sisters, it is not certain that they shared the same father. m BRUNO von Heimbach, son of --- (-after 1063). Bruno von Heimbach donated property at Herve to Liège Sainte-Croix by charter dated 1063[485]. Emperor Heinrich IV restored "predium…Prümizfelt quidam comes Bruno de Hengebach…tradidit…cum uxore sua Mathilde", taken by "comes Henricus de Lintburc", to the abbey of Prüm by charter dated 3 Aug 1101[486].]
The history of the comtes de Huy is confused by two family sub-groups which are named only in the Vita Meingoldi Comitis[487] and an addition to the Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium[488]. The Vita Meingoldi is evidently unreliable as a source and, in any case, appears to confuse "Meingold Comte de Huy" with Megingoz [II] Graf im Wormsgau (see the document FRANCONIA NOBILITY). The information on these alleged families is added here for the sake of completeness, but should be treated with caution. However, the possibility that there is a nugget of historically accurate information contained in these narratives cannot be excluded altogether, particularly because of the suggestion in the Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium that Lietard, alleged son of Meingold, was ancestor of later comtes de Huy[489].
The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that Ansfrid [III] Comte de Huy, Graaf van Teisterbant, who was installed as bishop of Utrecht in 994, was descended from Emperor Charlemagne[490]. This affiliation has not been traced.
1. [GUILLAUME . Comte de Huy. m as her first husband, GEILA, daughter of ALBERIC & his wife ---. The Vita Meingoldi Comitis records that "dux Albricus…Geilam sororem suam" married "comiti Willelmo" and, after he was killed, "Meingoldo" who inherited "patrimonium uxoris suæ ex comite Willelmo et duce Albrico"[491]. She married secondly (8 Feb ---) Manegold, who thereby acquired the county of Huy. The Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium includes an added paragraph introduced by "Et pergit interpolator Hoiensis" which specifies that "comitatus itaque Hoyensis" came from Mangold's wife "Geile…que fuit uxor Guillelmi comitis Hoyensis"[492]. Guillaume & his wife had [one] child:]
a) [LIETARD . The Vita Meingoldi Comitis records that "comiti Willelmo" and "uxor Geila" had "octo annorum…puerum Liethardum" when his father was killed, adding that he was brought up by his stepfather[493]. It should be noted that, according to the Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium, Lietard was the son of Geila by her second husband (see below)[494].]
1. [--- . m ---, sister of ARNULF King of Germany, [daughter of --- & his wife Liutswindis ---] ([840/50]-). --- & his wife had one child:]
a) [MEINGOLD ([865/70]-). The Vita Meingoldi Comitis records the life of "Meingoldus de nobili prosapia Francorum et Anglorum" whose mother was "soror regis Arnulfi"[495]. However, the same source embellishes this by adding that "Hugo rex Anglorum" married "rex Arnulfus…unicam germanam" by whom he had "filium…Meingoldus, filiam…Adheliz…coniugem Oswaldus rex Nordanimbrorum"[496], which adds little to its credibility. Comte de Huy. A marginal addition in the Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium records that "hic temporibus…VI Id Feb…comes Maingolidus" succeeded in "Hoya" [Huy, near Liège], specifying that he was "ex sorore nepos Arnulphi imperatoris" and that Huy came to him from his wife[497]. The dating is expanded by an addition in square brackets ["hic temporibus [scilicet anno Domini 860, anno primo Ludovici secundi] VI Id Feb…"]. The origin of this addition is unclear in the edition. It is especially curious as the chapters of the Gesta on the same page recount events in the early years of the 10th century. The editor appears to think little of the factual accuracy of the statement as he adds in a footnote "hæc omnia prorans fabulosa esse"[498]. The Vita Meingoldi Comitis records that Meingold was killed[499]. m (8 Feb ---) as her second husband, GEILA, widow of GUILLAUME Comte de Huy, daughter of ALBERIC & his wife ---. The Vita Meingoldi Comitis records that "dux Albricus…Geilam sororem suam" married "comiti Willelmo" and, after he was killed, "Meingoldo" who inherited "patrimonium uxoris suæ"[500]. The Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium includes an added paragraph introduced by "Et pergit interpolator Hoiensis" which specifies that "comitatus itaque Hoyensis" came from Mangold's wife "Geile…que fuit uxor Guillelmi comitis Hoyensis"[501]. Manegold [I] & his wife had one child:]
i) [LIETARD . The Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium, added paragraph introduced by "Et pergit interpolator Hoiensis" referred to above, names "Liethardus" as son of "comes Maingolidus" & his wife, specifying that he succeeded as Comte de Huy and that "Ansfredi comitis" was among their descendants[502]. It should be noted that, according to the Vita Meingoldi Comitis, Lietard was the son of Geila by her first marriage[503].]
[Six] brothers and sisters, parents not known:
1. ROBERT [Rudbrecht] ([910/15]-19 May 956). Thietmar refers to the "paternal uncle [of Count Ansfrid] Robert Archbishop of Trier"[504]. Archbishop of Trier 930. The Annales Sancti Maximini Trevirensis record the ordination in 931 of "Ruodperti episcopi"[505]. The Gesta Treverorum records that "Rubertus archiepiscopus" came from "regno quod Lotharingium vocatur" adding that "soror eius imperatori in matrimonio iuncta fuit"[506]. The Monumenta Germaniæ editor adds a comment that the consecration of "Rotbertum regum Saxonicorum fuisse propinquum" was proposed by "fratres Ballerini" and that he was "nepotem Brunonem archiepiscopum"[507].
2. [ANSFRID [II] (-after 969). Thietmar refers to the "like-named paternal uncle ("patruo") of Count Ansfrid" who held fifteen countships[508]. "Otto…rex" granted property "Cassallo…in pago Masalant in comitatu Ruodolfi" to "vassallo nostro Ansfrid" at the request of "nostri fidelis Conradis ducis" by charter dated 7 Oct 950[509]. "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "in comitatu Ansfridi comitis…curtam Feldrike" to "comite…Uuidergeld" by undated charter, placed in the compilation with other charters dated end-968[510]. A charter of Lorsch dated 969 refers to property "in pago Dehsendron in præfidatu Ansfridi comitis"[511].] [same person as…? EHRENFRIED (-1 Nov ----). Vanderkindere suggests that Ansfrid [II] was the maternal, not paternal, uncle of Ansfrid [III], and that he was the same person as Ehrenfried, son of Ricfrid[512], which would require a loose interpretation of Thietmar who refers to the "like-named paternal uncle ("patruo") of Count Ansfrid" who held fifteen countships[513]. It also assumes that Ehrenfried, son of Ricfried, was the same person as Ehrenfried, count in several different counties, who is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[514] as son of Eberhard Graf im Bonngau and ancestor of the Pfalzgrafen von Lothringen (see the document GERMANY EARLY NOBILITY).]
3. [LAMBERT (-after [960/75]). According to Miræus, Lambert was the son of "Ragineri I et Alberadæ, frater Ragineri II Longicolli, Hannoniæ comitis", although he cites no primary source which provides the basis for this statement[515]. No primary source has yet been found which confirms the parentage of Lambert. However, the name of his son suggests a family connection with the comtes de Huy, although it is recognised that this could have been through the female line, maybe through Lambert´s wife and the mother of Ansfrid [III]. Comte de Louvain. Advocate of Gembloux abbey. "Otho…Rex Lothariensis et Francigenum" appointed "Lamberto comiti Lovaniensi" to the advocacy of Gembloux by charter dated to 948 (aspects of this document suggest that it may be spurious in some form)[516]. A manuscript Catalogo Abbatum Gemblacensium records that "nobilum virum Lambertum" donated "medietatem ecclesia de Wiettine in pago Masaw" to Gembloux and to "eiusque advocato…Aufrido filio Lamberti", undated[517]. It should be noted that this passage is not included in the manuscript Catalogus Abbatum Gemblacensium which is reproduced in the Monumenta Germanica Scriptores series, presumably from a different source[518]. His date of death is estimated very approximately on the basis that this entry in the Catalogo indicates that Lambert had relinquished the advocacy of Gembloux in favour of his son, who must therefore already have been adult at the time.] m ---. The name and origin of Lambert's wife are not known. Vanderkindere suggests that she was ---, daughter of Ricfried Graaf van Betuwe, for onomastic reasons and considering the origins of the counties which were inherited by Ansfrid [III]. Lambert & his wife had one child:
a) ANSFRID [III] ([945/50]-3 May 1010). A manuscript Catalogo Abbatum Gemblacensium records that "nobilum virum Lambertum" donated "medietatem ecclesia de Wiettine in pago Masaw" to Gembloux and to "eiusque advocato…Aufrido filio Lamberti", undated[519]. Thietmar names Count Ansfrid who "sprung from the high lineage of his ancestors", specifying that he was brought up by Bruno Archbishop of Köln, became sword-bearer of Emperor Otto when the latter entered Rome, and founded the abbey of Thorn[520]. His birth date range is estimated for consistency with this statement, Bruno being archbishop between 953 and 965. The Chronicon Laureshamense describes the church of Empel, near Bois-le-Duc, as "in pago Dehsendron in præsidatu Ansfridi comitis", referring to its foundation by the bishop of Liège dated to 969[521], which confirms that Ansfrid was Comte de Toxandria (in the area of Antwerp). The Gesta Episcoporum Leodiensium, added paragraph introduced by "Et pergit interpolator Hoiensis" referred to above, names "Ansfredi comitis" as the descendant of "Liethardus", specifying that he was Comte de Huy during the time of "Nothgeri Leodicensis episcopi"[522], the latter being bishop of Liège between 972 and 1007[523]. Graaf van Teisterbant. "Otto…imperator augustus" made donations "in regno Lothariensi…Uelme in pago Haspongouue in comitatu Eremfridi comitis…" to Kloster St Gorgonius at Gorze in accordance with the last wishes of "Cunradus filius Ruodolfi quondam comitis" killed in battle by the Sarracens, by charter dated 26 Sep 982[524]. Vanderkindere suggests that Ehrenfried, named in the 982 charter, was the same person as Ansfrid [III] Comte de Huy[525]. "Otto…rex" gave property "villa Medemelacha…in comitatu Frisie" to "nostro Ansfrido comite" by charter dated 26 Jun 985[526]. "Otto…rex" granted property in "comitatum Hoiensem quod…Ansfridus comes…tenebat" to the bishop of Liège by charter dated 7 Jul 985[527]. Bishop of Utrecht [994/95]. The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Anffridus" was installed as eighteenth bishop of Utrecht in 994, was "grawe van Tysterbant, van dye Houbenten und herre van Holmina", and was descended from Emperor Charlemagne[528]. The Annales Colonienses specify that "Ansfridus comes laicus suscepto clericatu successit" in 995[529]. Sigebert's Chronica records in 997 that "Ansfridus…comes Bratuspanticus" was tonsured and became bishop of Utrecht[530]. Thietmar records that he became a monk after the death of his wife and was appointed bishop of Utrecht[531]. The Chronologia Johannes de Beke records the election of "Ansfridus, qui pridem de seculari comite clericus attonsus est" as bishop of Utrecht, that he donated his lands "in comitatu Teysterbancie" and that he died "1007 V Non Mai"[532]. Vincentius Bellovacensis names "Anfridus, qui cum fuisset comes Bratuspantium"[533]. The chronicle of Alpertus names "Ansfridi episcopus Traiectenses", his daughter "abbatissa Tornensis monasterii" and "consanguineusque eius…Unruoch comes"[534]. Beke's Egmondscii Necrologium records the death "1008 V Non Mai" of "Anfridus ultimus comes Hoyensis", stating that he gave his county to the church of Liège, and specifying that he was also "comes Teysterbancie"[535]. m HERESWIND [Hilzondis], daughter of --- Graaf van Strijen & his wife --- (bur Thorn). Thietmar names Hereswind as wife of Ansfrid, recording that she fell sick at her estate called Gilze, and died travelling to Thorn where she was buried[536]. "Hilzondis comitissa terræ de Strijen" donated property to Thorn abbey, with the consent of "domini mei Ansfredi", by charter dated 1 Jun 992 which states that she and "filia mea Benedicta" lived at the abbey[537]. Comte Ansfrid [III] & his wife had one child:
i) BENEDICTA . Thietmar records that Ansfrid installed his daughter as abbess of Thorn[538]. The chronicle of Alpertus names "Ansfridi episcopus Traiectenses", his daughter "abbatissa Tornensis monasterii" and "consanguineusque eius…Unruoch comes"[539]. "Hilzondis comitissa terræ de Strijen" donated property to Thorn abbey, with the consent of "domini mei Ansfredi", by charter dated 1 Jun 992 which states that she and "filia mea Benedicta" lived at the abbey[540].
4. daughter . The Gesta Treverorum records that "Rubertus archiepiscopus" came from "regno quod Lotharingium vocatur" adding that "soror eius imperatori in matrimonio iuncta fuit"[541]. The existence of a relationship between this family and the Ottonian emperors is confirmed by the Vita Richardi abbatis S Vidoni Virdunensis which names "comes Lietardus, Ottonis imperator consanguineus",[542]. m ---, relative of Emperor Otto I, son of ---.
5. [--- . The chronicle of Alpertus names "Ansfridi episcopus Traiectenses", his daughter "abbatissa Tornensis monasterii" and "consanguineusque eius…Unruoch comes"[543]. Unruoch was the grandson of Eberhard Graaf van Veluwe en Salland, which suggests that Unruoch's father may have married a relative of Ansfrid. The precise relationship between Unruoch and Ansfrid has not been traced; it is shown here as through Ansfrid's hypothetical sister only for the purposes of marking the hyperlink. m [--- [van Teisterbant], son of EBERHARD Graaf van Veluwe en Salland & his wife ---.]
6. [daughter . No reference has been found to the name or origin of the wife of Comte Reginar [II]. However, the fact that the name Lietard was introduced into the Hainaut family after this marriage suggests that she may have been related to the family of the comtes de Huy, in which this name was used regularly. This would also explain why her grandson became comte de Louvain, which formed part of the territories relinquished by Ansfrid [II] Comte de Huy when he was appointed bishop of Utrecht in 995. Dhondt suggests that the wife of Reginar [III] was the sister of Comte Ansfrid [II], whose father was named Lambert (see above), the name given by Reginar [III] to his younger son. In addition to the onomastic arguments, Dhondt comments that the voogdij of Gembloux abbey passed from Ansfrid [II] to Lambert [I] de Hainaut[544]. This provides an additional argument for a family relationship between the comtes de Huy and the comtes de Hainaut. However, Dhondt´s suggestion does not explain the introduction of the name Lietard into the Hainaut family. On balance, it appears more likely that such a family connection was through the wife of Reginar [II] rather than the wife of Reginar [III]. If this is correct, it is possible that the wife of Reginar [II] was the paternal aunt of Ansfrid [II]. m REGINAR [II] Comte de Hainaut, son of REGINAR [I] "Langhals/Longneck" Graf im Maasgau & his wife Alberade --- ([885/900]-932 or after).]
The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…in Ribuarias comitatus quinque…" to King Ludwig[545]. Vanderkindere identifies these five counties as Jülich, Zulpich, Eifel, Bonn and Köln[546]. Matfried [II] is recorded in charters dated between 844 and 856 as Graf in Eifel. A charter dated 846 concerns property in Jülich and also names Matfried, but it is unsure from the wording that this means that Matfried was also Graf von Jülich. The charter dated 15 Jun 943, under which "Ramengarius et uxor ipsius Achalgarda" donated property "in pago et in comitatu Biedensi in villa Uualesuuilere…et in pago Heflinse in comitatu…Tulpiciacensi in villa Nammerestorp…in Bettilonis villa et in campo Zulpilesloch"[547], suggests that Eifel had merged into the county of Zulpich by that date.
1. MATFRIED [II] ([820]-after 18 Sep 882). A close family connection between Matfried [II] and Matfried [I] is suggested by the name. This is confirmed by the letter dated 878 from Pope John VIII to "Mactefrido illustri comiti" referring to Engeltrud wife of Boso (who was the daughter of Matfried [I]) as "proxime vestre"[548], although this wording suggests a more remote relationship than father and son. "Hlotharius…imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Lugdunense" to "cuidam vassallo…Immoni", at the request of "Matfredus…comes vel ministerialis noster", by charter dated 15 Dec 843[549]. Graf von Eifel: "Hlotharius…imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Eiflense…in villa…Bettinga" to "cuidam fideli nostro Fulcrado", at the request of "Matfridus…ministerialis noster", by charter dated 17 Feb 844[550]. "Hlotharius…imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Riboariense in comitatu Iuliacense" to "vassallo…Matfredi…comitis, Hrotgario", at the request of "ministerialis nostri Matfridi…comitis", by charter dated 7 May 846[551]. "Hlotharius…imperator augustus" donated property "in pago Eiflinse in comitatu Matfridi" to Kloster Prüm by charter dated 28 Jan 855[552]. "Hlotharius…rex" donated property "in pago Eiflinse in comitatu Matfridi" at the request of "Adalardus et Matfridus…comites" to "vassallo præfati Matfridi Otberto" by charter dated 28 Jun 856[553]. An agreement between Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks and his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks dated Jun 860 names "nobilis ac fidelibus laicis…Chuonradus, Evrardus, Adalardus, Arnustus, Warnarius, Liutfridus, Hruodolfus, Erkingarius, Gislebertus, Ratbodus, Arnulfus, Hugo, item Chuonradus, Liutharius, Berengarius, Matfridus, Boso, Sigeri, Hartmannus, Liuthardus, Richuinus, Wigricus, Hunfridus, Bernoldus, Hatto, Adalbertus, Burchardus, Christianus, Leutulfus, Hessi, Herimannus, item Hruodulfus, Sigehardus"[554]. An agreement dated 14 Jun 877 of Emperor Charles II "le Chauve", presumably written with his own death in mind, names "Arnulfus comes, Gislebertus, Letardus, Matfridus, Widricus, Gotbertus, Adalbertus, Ingelgerus, Rainerus" as those willing to support the emperor's son if he travels across the Meuse[555]. Pope John VIII wrote a letter to "Mactefrido illustri comiti" dated 878 referring to the property of the two daughters of Count Boso in upper Italy & his wife Engeltrud "proxime vestre"[556]. "Hildebertus filius quondam Berengarii comitis" donated property "res…mee in comitatu Vuabrinse prope fluvio…Cherus villam…Beuram" for "germano meo Berengario" to Verdun Sainte-Vanne by charter dated 18 Sep 882, subscribed by "Stephanus comes, Matfridus comes, Witpertus comes"[557].
2. ALBUIN (-after 15 Oct 910). Graf von Eifel: "Zuendeboldus…rex" gave "villa…Tontondorp…in pago Efflinse in comitatu…Albuini" to Kloster Prüm by charter dated 16 Oct 898[558]. Ludwig IV "das Kind" King of Germany confirmed a donation of property including "…in pago ac in comitatu Lummensi…cuius nunc adest comes Perengarius" to the church of Tongern at the request of "Kepehardus et Reginharius comites" and with the consent of "Albuini eo tempore illius comitis" by charter dated 18 Jan 908[559]. Ludwig IV "das Kind" King of Germany granted property "in pago et comitatu Albinse" to "vassallis Hugonis comitis…Bernardo seu Rathfrido ac Reginando" by charter dated 15 Oct 910[560].
The county of Hattuaria lay between the rivers Maas and Rhine north of Moilla, on both banks of the river Niers, to the south of the county of Tubalgo[561]. The territory was attributed to the Grafen von Wassenberg in the second half of the 11th century[562].
1. EHRENFRIED [II], son of [EBERHARD Graf von Bonn & his wife ---] (-before 970). Ehrenfried is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[563] as the son of Ehrenfried & his wife, but the primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Zülpich: a charter dated 24 Jan 942 refers to property "in pago Tulpiacense in comitatu Erinfridi comitis in villa vel marka…Merlesheim"[564]. Graf von Bonn: a charter dated 945 refers to "in pago Bunnensi in comitatu Eremfridi comitis in villa Brunheim"[565]. "Otto…rex" confirmed the immunities of Kloster Essen including over land "excepta in loco Ruoldinghus quam Eggihart et eius coniunx Rikilt" possessed by hereditary right and in land "in comitatu Ecberti et Cobbonis" by charter dated 15 Jan 947, signed by "Heinrici fratris regis, Herimanni ducis, Cuonradi comitis, Erenfridi comitis, Gebehardi comitis, Ekkihardi comitis, Hugonis comitis"[566]. Graf von Hattuaria: "Otto…rex" confirmed the privileges of Kloster Gandersheim including property "villa Mundulinhgeim in pago Hatteri in comitatu Erenfridi" by charter dated 4 May 947[567]. Graf von Tubalgo: "Otto…rex" confirmed the rights of Kloster Echternach in property "in villam…Rinera in pago Tubalgouue in comitatu Irinuridi comitis" by charter dated 4 Aug 947[568]. Graf im Ruhr-Keldachgau: a charter dated 950 refers to "locum in comitatu Eremfridi comitis Huppolderroth dictum" (Hubbeliath, east of Düsseldorf in the Keldachgau)[569].
Brother and sister, parents not known:
1. GOTTFRIED . Graf von Hattuaria. m ---. The name of Gottfried's wife is not known. Gottfried & his wife had two children:
a) GOTTFRIED . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Graf von Hattuaria.
b) daughter (-18 May ----). Alpertus refers to "Wicmannus" marrying "præfecti Godefridi, avunculi Balderici, filiam", without giving her name; nor is it clear to which Wichmann this refers, apart from it being chronologically impossible for it to have been the same Wichmann whose daughter is recorded in the same passage as marrying "Baldericus" at an earlier date[570]. Wichmann's wife is named "Remmod" in Europäische Stammtafeln[571] but the basis for this is not known. m ([1006]) WICHMANN [IV], son of [EKBERT [I] "der Einäugige" & his wife ---] (-murdered Upladen 9 Oct 1016, bur Verden).
2. sister . m ---. Two children:
a) BALDRIC (-Burg Heimbach 5 Jun 1021). Graafen von Drenthe. Alpertus refers to "Wicmannus" marrying "præfecti Godefridi, avunculi Balderici, filiam"[572]. Assuming that "avunculus" is used in its strict sense, this would mean that Gottfried was Baldric's maternal uncle. The Vita Meinwerci records a donation to Paderborn by "Baldericus comes" with the consent of "suæ contectalis Athelæ", in the presence of "Meinwerco episcopo…Heinrici imperatoris…Bernhardi ducis, Liudolfi, Thiederici, Wicmanni comitum"[573]. "Henricus…rex" donated property "in pago Thrient…in comitatu Baldrici" to the church of Utrecht by charter dated 24 Apr 1006[574]. "Henricus…rex" granted property "inter flumina…Nitæ…Thila…Wauerwald in comitatu Gotizonis comitis qui Antwerk dicitur situm" to "nostrum bestiarum Baldrico sanctæ Leodicensis ecclesiæ presul nec non Baldrico comiti" by charter dated 12 Sep 1008[575]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property to Kloster Boppard "quod Paldricus comes in Pochpartun nobis tradidit" by charter dated 1021[576]. The work of Thiodericus names "Baldricus comes de Oplathe vel Houberch" and records his death "Non Iun" without specifying the year[577]. Thietmar records that "Berthold, Liuthar's son" killed Baldric "a most excellent vassal of Count Wichmann" at Burg Monreberg in [1 Apr] 1017[578], although it is not clear that this is the same Baldric given the contrast with Thietmar's early uncomplimentary descriptions of Baldric, husband of Adela.
b) daughter . Alpertus refers to an unnamed sister of "Baldricus" and one of her sons being forced into a monastery, the others being abducted "ex parte Wicmanni"[579], which appears to refer to Wichmann [III] son of [Ekbert "der Einäugige"] (see SAXONY), who was killed in 1016. A later passage in the same source clarifies that she was a widow at the time, and states that she sought refuge with "Geverhardus", whom she later married[580]. m firstly --- (-before 1016). m secondly (before 1016) GEBHARD, son of --- (-killed in battle Hengibach after 5 Jun 1021). Alpertus records that "Geverhardus" held Hengibach castle, de iure uxoris, and that he was killed after the death of Baldric while trying to recapture it[581]. She and her first husband had [more than three] children:
i) sons . Alpertus refers to an unnamed sister of "Baldricus" and one of her sons being forced into a monastery, the others being abducted "ex parte Wicmanni"[582], which appears to refer to Wichmann [IV] son of [Ekbert "der Einäugige"] (see SAXONY), who was killed in 1016.
1. GERHARD "Flamens" . The Annales Rodenses record that "in Flandriensi provintia duo nobiles germani fratres…alter Gerardus et alter…Rutgerus" were exiled from "Anthonium [Antoing]…iuxta flumen Xelda" and were granted "Wasenberch…[et] Clive" respectively by the emperor[583]. Graf von Wassenberg. 1033/1053. "Chuonradus…Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "quam Herimannus comes in istis tribus pagis Auga, Netega, Hessiga habet" to the church of Paderborn. An undated charter, placed in the compilation among charters dated 1032, records the meeting between Nanther Abbot of Metz St Martin and Poppo Abbot of Stablo, Malmedy and Trier St Maximin (arranged at Deville by Emperor Konrad II and Henri I King of France), witnessed by "Becelinus comes de Biendeburch, Godefridus comes de Amblavia, Gozilo comes de Engeis, Gerardus Flamens"[584]. m ---. The name of Gerhard's wife is not known. Gerhard & his wife had one child:
a) DIETRICH "Flamens" (-1082, bur Saint-Hubert). The Chronicon Huberti names "Theodericum filius Gerardi Flamensis" when specifying that "Godefridus" captured the county after his death in 1082[585]. m ---. The name of Dietrich's wife is not known. Dietrich & his wife had three children:
i) GERHARD (-before 9 Apr 1138). The Chronicon Huberti names "Gerardus et Gozwinus filius eius [=Theodericum]" in 1082[586]. Graf von Wassenberg 1087. Graf van Gelre 1096. "…Gerardi comitis de Gelre et fratris eius Henrici…" witnessed the charter dated 1096 under which "Ida Boloniensis comitissa" donated property in "Genapia" to Afflighem abbey[587].
ii) HEINRICH von Krieckenbeck (-before 1138). "…Gerardi comitis de Gelre et fratris eius Henrici…" witnessed the charter dated 1096 under which "Ida Boloniensis comitissa" donated property in "Genapia" to Afflighem abbey[588]. Friedrich [I] Archbishop of Köln confirmed the dismissal of "comes Gerhardus et frater eius Heinricus" from the Vogteischaft of Kloster Siegburg by charter dated 5 Apr 1118 witnessed by "Comes Gerhardus et frater eius Heinricus, Comes Adolfus de Monte, Comes Adolfus de Saphenberg, Comes Gerhardus de Iuliaco, Gerhardus iunior filius Gerhardi, Gerhardus de Caesle, Arnulfus de Odenkirche"[589]. m ---. The name of Heinrich's wife is not known. Heinrich & his wife had [one possible child]:
(a) [REINER [I] von Krieckenbeck . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1164.]
iii) GOSWIN [I] . The Chronicon Huberti names "Gerardus et Gozwinus filius eius [=Theodericum]" in 1082[590]. 1104. Herr von Heinsberg 1085.
2. RUTGER [I] (-before 1051). The Annales Rodenses record that "in Flandriensi provintia duo nobiles germani fratres…alter Gerardus et alter…Rutgerus" were exiled from "Anthonium [Antoing]…iuxta flumen Xelda" and were granted "Wasenberch…[et] Clive" respectively by the emperor[591]. Graf von Kleve 1020/50.
The county of Hesbaie, successor to the pagus Hasbaniensis, lay in what is today eastern Belgium, south of a line from the river Demer in the west to the town of Maaseik in the east, west and north of the river Maas/Meuse as far as the river Dyle in the west. It included the city of Liège. The division of Lotharingian territories agreed 8 Aug 870 between Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King of the East Franks and his half-brother Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks allocated "…comitatum…in Hasbanio comitatus IV…" to King Charles[592], although the reference to four counties within Hesbaye suggests that Hesbaye was a geographical entity and not a county itself. Vanderkindere suggests that these four counties can be identified geographically by quartering the Hesbaie into four approximately equal parts[593], but his hypothesis appears to be based on a logical interpretation of the geography rather than any contemporary documentation. He suggests that these four counties were Avernas (in the north-east of Hesbaie, first named in a charter dated to after 956[594], and which was later known as the county of Looz), "Brunengeruz" (in the south-west of Hesbaye, also known as Brugeron or Hougaerde, named in a charter dated [988] under which Otto III King of Germany confirmed properties of the church of Liège including "comitatum de Brunengeruuz"[595]), Louvain (in the north-west, first named in 1003[596]) and "Haspinga" ("comitatum Arnoldi comitis nomine Haspinga in pago Haspingowi" granted by Heinrich III King of Germany to the church of Liège Saint-Lambert by charter dated 24 Jan 1040[597], which by elimination would have to be in the south-east). No reference to these four counties, or any ruling counts, apart from in the county of Hesbaie itself, has been found which is contemporary to the 870 agreement. Hesbaie is first mentioned in 715: the third continuator of the Gesta Abbatum Trudonensium names "Robertus comes vel dux Hasbanie"[598], who can be identified with the ancestor of the Robertiner Grafen in Wormsgau, alleged ancestors of the Capetian kings of France (see FRANCONIA NOBILITY). The ancestors of the wife of Emperor Louis I were also recorded in the county of Hesbaie. However, it appears unlikely that they were related to Robert [I] for the reasons explained in the document CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY. There are indications that, by the late 9th or early 10th centuries, the Reginar family of Hainaut had acquired interests in the county of Hesbaie. Guillaume de Jumièges describes how "Rainier au long cou duc de Hasbaigne et du Hainaut et Radbold prince de Frise" fought the Viking Rollo but were forced back to their castles[599]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois Fontaines also refers to "Rainerus Hainonensium comes et Hasbanii dux" fighting the Vikings, dated to 876[600]. It is not certain that these can be considered reliable authorities, particular because of the reference to "dux", for which no other indications have been found that this was an officially sanctioned title in the Reginar family at that time. However, other sources indicate that Reginar [I] held property in the county, including the abbey of St Servatius at Maastricht[601]. Rudolf, grandson of Reginar [I], is also recorded as count in Hesbaie in the mid-10th century. No other direct references have been found to counts of Hesbaie in the 8th or 9th centuries. The counties of Duras, Grez and Aarschot developed in the 11th and 12th centuries in the area of the former county of Hesbaie, which disappeared from the records. In addition, the seigneurie of Moha evolved as a county within the territory of the former county of Hesbaie because it was held by a count. The counts of Duras, Grez, Looz and Moha are shown in the present chapter, as well as the counts of Hesbaie. The counties of Aarschot and Louvain are dealt with in the document BRABANT, LOUVAIN.
1. ROBERT [I], son of LAMBERT [II] comes in Neustria and Austrasia & his wife --- ([700/10]-before 764). Comte de Hesbaie. The third continuator of the Gesta Abbatum Trudonensium names "Robertus comes vel dux Hasbanie" in 715, and quotes a charter dated 7 Apr 742 under which "Robertus comes, filius condam Lamberti" donated property "in villa…Sarcinio…in pago Hasbaniensi…[et] Halon, Scaffnis, Felepa et Marholt" to St Trudon[602]. Comes palatinus 741/42. Graf im Oberrheingau und Wormsgau [750].
1. EKKEHARD (-killed in battle Toulouse 844). The Annales Bertiniani record "Etkardus quoque et Ravanus comites" among those killed in 844 at the siege of Toulouse against Pepin II King of Aquitaine and "filii Etkardi comitis duo, item Eokardus, Guntardus et Richuinus comites" among those captured[603]. same person as…? EGGEBARD (-after [834]). [Comte de Hesbaie]. The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that Lothar captured his father Emperor Louis in "pagum Hasbaniensem", where "Eggebardus comes et alii illius proceres pagi" tried to procure his release [in 834][604]. It is possible that "Eggebardus" is a transcription error for "Eggehardus". No other reference to a count Eggebard has been found.
1. RUDOLF, son of REGINAR [II] Comte de Hainaut & his wife (-after 24 Jan 966). His parentage is confirmed by Flodoard recording, in 944, that "Hugo dux" requested "Herimann[us]…qui missus erat…" to besiege "castella Ragnarii ac Rodulfi fratrum, Ludowici regis fidelium"[605], on the assumption that "Ragnarii" refers to Count Reginar [III]. "Otto…rex" confirmed the possession of Kloster Süsteren by Prüm abbey by charter dated 1 Jun 949, signed by "Cuonradus dux, Herimannus dux, Hezzo comes, Godefridus comes, Rudolfus comes, Reginherus comes"[606], the order of subscribers' names suggesting that Rudolf may have been considered senior to Reginar although it is not certain that this inevitably means that he was older. Graf von Maasgau: "Otto…rex" granted property "Cassallo…in pago Masalant in comitatu Ruodolfi" to "vassallo nostro Ansfrid" at the request of "nostri fidelis Conradis ducis" by charter dated 7 Oct 950[607]. Comte de Hesbaie: "Otto…rex" granted Kloster Alden-Eyck "in pago Huste in comitatu Ruodulphi" to the bishopric of Liège by charter dated 4 Jul 952[608]. "Otto…imperator augustus" confirmed the donations to the convent of Nivelles by "Regenarius comes" of property "in pago Ardenna super fluvia Aisna in comitatu Waudricia in villa Villaro" and by "predicti Regenarii filius nomine Liechardus in pago Hasbanensi in villa Gingolonham" and by "Rodolphus comes villa Lentlo" by charter dated 24 Jan 966[609]. The charter dated 17 Jan 966, under which "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "curtem Galmina…que quondam Rudolfi erat…in pago Haspengewe in comitatu Werenherii qua postmodum fideli nostro comiti Immoni condonavimus" to the Marienkapelle, Aachen[610], describes how Rudolf's property was confiscated, presumably at the same time as his brother Reginar [III] was banished, and granted to Werner.
Two brothers:
1. WERNER [Garnier] (-killed in battle 973). Graf von Zülpich: Bruno archbishop of Köln confirmed an exchange of property "Baldau, quam Sigifredus comes…acquireret" for "in villa Nohas…in pago Heislensi in comitatu Tulpiaco" between the abbot of Stavelot and "comite Warnero fideli nostro" by charter dated 953 "regnante rege Ottone fratre nostro, anno xviii, Godefrido duce"[611]. Comte de Hesbaye: "Otto…imperator augustus" granted property "in pago Haspengewe in comitatu Werenherii qua postmodum fideli nostro comiti Immoni condonavimus" to the Marienkapelle, Aachen in exchange for property "in pago Liuhgouui in comitatu Richarii…in pago Auvlgowi in comitatu Eberhardi, Limberge…" by charter dated 17 Jan 966[612]. "Warneri comitis…" witnessed the charter dated 968 under which Gérard Bishop of Toul donated various churches to the abbey of Bouxières[613]. Comte de Hainaut 973. The Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium records that "Raineri", who had been banished by "archiepiscopus Bruno", was succeeded by "primum Richario nobili viro, sed hoc defuncto Warnero et Raynaldo, quibus etiam defunctis, Godefrido atque Arnulfo comitibus"[614]. Sigebert's Chronica records that "Raginerus et Lantbertus" (sons of Reginar [III] Comte de Hainaut) returned from exile in 973 and killed "Guarnero et Rainaldo", who occupied their father's county, "apud Perronam" and besieged "super Hagnam fluvium castello Buxude"[615]. Thietmar records that "Lantbertus, Reinherii filius…cum fratre…Reingerio" killed "Wirinharium et eius germanum Reinzonem"[616].
2. RENAUD (-killed in battle Peronne 973). The Gesta Episcorum Cameracensium records that "Raineri", who had been banished by "archiepiscopus Bruno", was succeeded by "primum Richario nobili viro, sed hoc defuncto Warnero et Raynaldo, quibus etiam defunctis, Godefrido atque Arnulfo comitibus"[617]. Sigebert's Chronica records that "Raginerus et Lantbertus" (sons of Reginar [III] Comte de Hainaut) returned from exile in 973 and killed "Guarnero et Rainaldo", who occupied their father's county, "apud Perronam" and besieged "super Hagnam fluvium castello Buxude"[618]. Thietmar records that "Lantbertus, Reinherii filius…cum fratre…Reingerio" killed "Wirinharium et eius germanum Reinzonem"[619].
3. FOLCWIN (-after 30 Aug 974). Comte de Hesbaye: "Otto…imperator augustus" returned property "Turninas vocatum in pago Haspanensi et in comitatu Folchuuini comitis Hoio situm" to Kloster Stablo by charter dated 30 Aug 974[620].
The counties of Duras, Grez and Aarschot developed in the 11th and 12th centuries in the area of the former county of Hesbaie, which disappeared from the records.
1. ---. Comte de Duras. m HERLENDIS, daughter of --- (-after 2 Nov 1024). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Herlendis comitissa, mater Godefridi comitis Duratii" when recording her donation to the abbey in 1021 for the soul of "filii sui primogeniti Adelberonis, Metensis ecclesie primicerii"[621]. --- & his wife had [two] children:
a) [ADALBERO (-before 1021). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Herlendis comitissa, mater Godefridi comitis Duratii" when recording her donation to the abbey in 1021 for the soul of "filii sui primogeniti Adelberonis, Metensis ecclesie primicerii"[622]. Primicier of Metz. It appears unlikely that the eldest son of a count should be destined for the church. It is therefore possible that Adalbero was the son of Herlendis by a former marriage.]
b) GODEFROI . Comte de Duras. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Herlendis comitissa, mater Godefridi comitis Duratii" when recording her donation to the abbey in 1021[623]. Godefroi and his mother donated half of Wilre by charter dated 1024, which names her other son Giselbert as avoué of the monastery[624].
c) GISELBERT . Godefroi and his mother donated half of Wilre by charter dated 1024, which names her other son Giselbert as avoué of the monastery[625]. Comte de Duras. m ---. The name of Giselbert's wife is not known. Giselbert & his wife had one child:
i) ODA de Duras . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m OTTO de Looz, son of GISELBERT Graf van Looz & his wife Erlende de Jodoigne (-1101 or after).
OTTO de Looz, son of [GISELBERT Comte de Looz] & his wife [Liutgarde de Namur] (-1101 or after). The Vita Arnulfi names "Emmonem et Ottonem fratrem eius" as sons of Liutgarde, daughter of Albert [I] Comte de Namur[626]. From a chronological point of view, it is not possible for Emmo and his brother to have been the children of Otto de Looz who, as stated above, is recorded in other primary sources as the husband of Liutgarde de Namur. The primary source which confirms that Emmo and Otto were the sons of Comte Giselbert has not yet been identified, although this suggested parentage would fit the chronology of the family. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Ottonem comitem Durachii, fratrem Emmonis comitis de Los" when recording his installation in 1060 as subadvocatus of St Trudo[627]. 1046/1101. Comte de Duras.
m ODA de Duras, daughter of GISELBERT Comte de Duras & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.
Comte Otto & his wife had two children:
1. GISELBERT (-[1138]). The Vita Arnulfi names "Otto frater Emmonis" as father of "Gislebertum de Duraz"[628]. "Heinricus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed donations to St Jakob, Liège by charter dated 23 Apr 1088, at the request of "Heinrico comite de Durbui", witnessed by "comite Cuonrado et Gileberto filio comitis Ottonis de Los…"[629]. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Durachiensis comes Gyslebertus"[630]. Comte de Duras. "Comes de Claromonte Lambertus" granted the right to take wood from his forests in "predicti castelli" to the monks of Flône by charter dated 1136, witnessed by "comes Arnulfus de Los, comes Gislebertus de Duras, Walterus advocatus de Barz…"[631]. Sous-avocat of St Truido. m firstly GERTRUD, daughter of --- (-1114, bur Abbey St Trudo). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "comitissa Gertrude" as wife of "advocato nostro Gisleberto", naming "comite Arnulfo et Theoderico fratre eius", and specifying her burial in the abbey[632]. m secondly ODA de Chiny, daughter of OTTO [II] Comte de Chiny & his second wife Alix de Namur. Comte Giselbert & his first wife had seven children:
a) OTTO [II] (-1147). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Ottone et Gisleberto" as sons of "advocato nostro Gisleberto" and his wife Gertrude[633]. Comte de Duras. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium records a dying donation of "comes Otto" in 1147 and his burial in the abbey[634]. m as her first husband, BERTHE de Ribemont, daughter of GODEFROI [II] de Ribemont Châtelain de Valenciennes Seigneur de Bouchain & his wife Yolande van Geldern. The Chronicon Hanoniense records that "Yoandis comitissa vidua" married secondly "Godefrido de Bochesin castellano Valencenensi", by whom she was mother of "filium…Godefridum et filiam Bertam [uxorem] comiti de Duraz, deinde nupsit Egidio de Sancto Oberto a quo filium…Gerardum et filiam…[uxorem] Nicholao de Barbencione"[635]. She married secondly Guy de Saint-Aubert. Comte Otto & his wife had one child:
i) JULIANA (-1164). The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified. Heiress of Duras. m firstly GODEFROI Comte de Montaigu et de Clermont, son of LAMBERT Comte de Montaigu & his wife --- (-1161 or after). m secondly ENGUERRAND d'Orbais, son of BERNARD d´Orbais & his wife Ida de Coucy (-1185 or after).
b) CONON . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur d'Autreppes et de Diepenbeck. Canon at Liège, St Lambert 1135/55.
c) GISELBERT . The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Ottone et Gisleberto" as sons of "advocato nostro Gisleberto" and his wife Gertrude[636].
d) GERARD (-1174). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Otto comes, frater eiusdem Gerardi", when recording the latter's appointment as Abbot of St Truido in 1145[637]. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium records his resignation as abbot in 1155[638].
e) THIERRY (-1183 or after). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "frater eius Theodericus canonicus Sancti Lamberti et Bruno, qui post archidiaconatum eiusdem ecclesiæ meruit" as witnessing the donation of "comes Otto" in 1147[639]. Provost at Huy 1130/53. Canon at Liège, St Lambert 1141/58. Archdeacon 1167/83.
f) BRUNO (-1177 or after). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "frater eius Theodericus canonicus Sancti Lamberti et Bruno, qui post archidiaconatum eiusdem ecclesiæ meruit" as witnessing the donation of "comes Otto" in 1147[640]. Canon at Liège, St Lambert 1149. "Gilius quondam comes Durachiensis" donated property to the Knights Hospitallers, naming "Petrus frater meus comes de Monteacuto et Cono frater meus comes Durachiensis…et avunculus noster domnus Bruno archidiaconus", by charter dated 1175[641].
g) daughter . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m MAINERUS de Cortessem .
2. BOVO de Duras . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. m ---.
a) SIMON de Waha . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Canon at Liège, St Lambert 1103.
b) JULIEN (-1127 or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur de Waha. 1102/27. m MATHILDE de Fronville, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Julien & his wife had one child:
i) GUY . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Canon at Liège, St Lambert 1118/47.
c) HUGEL de Waha . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Châtelain de Mirwart. m CLEMENTIA de Chiny, daughter of ARNAUD [II] Comte de Chiny & his first wife Adela de Ramerupt [Roucy]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Hugel & his wife had one child:
i) LAMBERT . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Canon at Liège, St Lambert 1196/1223.
d) BOVO . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Canon at Liège, St Lambert [1108].
e) JEAN . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Abbot of St Hubert.
The counties of Duras, Grez and Aarschot developed in the 11th and 12th centuries in the area of the former county of Hesbaie, which disappeared from the records. The comtes de Grez are recorded with the comital title only at the end of the 11th century. It is likely that the county was incorporated into Brabant[642], presumably in the early 12th century.
Two brothers, parents not known:
1. HENRI de Grez (-after 1099). "…Heinricus et frater eius Warnerus de Greys…" witnessed the charter dated 1091 under which Henri de Verdun Bishop of Liège approved the foundation of Flône[643]. Comte de Grez. “Henricus comes de Greis, Steppo de Brucsella et frater eius Walterus, Eustacius de Corbeka, Sigerus et Franco frater eius…Franco castellanus de Brucsella…” witnessed the charter dated 1099 under which the abbot of Afflighem acquired the church of Frasne[644].
2. GARNIER [Warner] de Grez (-22 Jul 1100, bur Josaphat Sainte-Marie). "…Heinricus et frater eius Warnerus de Greys…" witnessed the charter dated 1091 under which Henri de Verdun Bishop of Liège approved the foundation of Flône[645]. Comte de Grez. "…Comes Warnerus de Greis…" signed the charter dated 14 Jun 1096 under which Otbert Bishop of Liège declared having bought "castellum de Covino" from "comite Balduino de Mont"[646]. William of Tyre names "Garins comte de Grez" among those who left on the First Crusade with Robert Count of Flanders[647]. Albert of Aix records that "Godefridus dux regni Lotharingiæ…fraterque eius uterinus Baldewinus, Warnerus de Greis cognatus ipsius Ducis, Baldewinus pariter de Burch, Reinhardus comes de Tul, Petrus…frater ipsius, Dodo de Cons, Henricus de Ascha ac frater illius Godefridus" left for Jerusalem in Aug 1096[648]. William of Tyre names "comes Garnerus cognomento de Gres…dominorum ducis et comitis consanguineus"[649], indicating Godefroi de Bouillon princeps of Jerusalem. The exact relationship between Garnier de Grez and the family of the Comtes de Boulogne is not known. Albert of Aix names "…Warnerus de Greis castello…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[650]. Albert of Aix records "Petrus de Stadeneis, Reinardus de Tul frater eius, Warnerus de Greis, Henricus de Ascha, Reinardus de Hamersbach, Walterus de Domedart" as those who guarded Adhémar Bishop of Le Puy into the mountains towards the port of Simeon after finding the holy lance, dated to mid-1098 from the context[651]. In defiance of Patriarch Daibert, Godefroi's household, under the leadership of his kinsman Warner Comte de Grez [Gray], assured the succession of his brother Baudouin by seizing the citadel of Jerusalem. Despite Warner's death 22 Jul 1100, this show of defiance continued into the Autumn when Robert Bishop of Lydda retrieved Baudouin from Edessa to secure his succession. Albert of Aix records the death of "Warnerus…cognatus" soon after Duke Godefroi died, and his burial "in valle Josaphat in porticu basilicæ sanctæ Mariæ virginis" on the eighth day after the death of the duke[652]. m ADELAIDE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Garnier & his wife had one child:
a) HENRI de Grez . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.
Vanderkindere states that the county of Avernas, to the west of Waremme, was the predecessor of the county of Looz, and suggests that it was one of the four original component counties in Hesbaye[653]. A charter dated 946 (redated to after 956 by Vanderkindere) notes an exchange of property, including "villa Lens in comitatu Avernas temporibus Rodulphi comitis" held by "Goderamnus", between Trier Cathedral and Maastricht St Servatius[654]. The county of Looz is referred to in the charter of Balderic Bishop of Liège dated 1016 which records that the advocacy of the church was given to "fratri meo Gisleberto, comitis…de Los"[655]. The reconstruction of the early generations of this family is shaky as the primary sources on which it is based are confused and contradictory, as can be seen from the extracts quoted below. The issue is further confused by Mantelius whose reconstruction of the early generations is inconsistent with the primary sources[656]. The chronology suggests that what is shown in the present document could be an accurate representation, but this cannot be guaranteed. It is not known whether other primary sources exist, which have not yet been identified, which could clarify the position.
1. RUDOLF, son of [NIBELUNG Graaf van Betuwe & his wife --- de Hainaut] . Vanderkindere names "Baldéric I de Liège et Rodolphe" as the two sons of "Névelong" but he does not cite the corresponding primary source[657]. The primary source which confirms Rudolf´s parentage has not yet been identified. However, the transmission of the name Baldric into the family of the Comtes de Looz is consistent with Rudolf being closely related to Nibelung Graaf van Betuwe. Mantelius says that Rudolf was the son of Reginar II Comte de Hainaut, cited in charters until 24 Jan 966 (see the document HAINAUT)[658]. He does not cite the primary source on which he bases this assertion, but his work on the early generations of the Looz family does not inspire confidence as his reconstruction is inconsistent in other details with the primary sources which are quoted in the present document. m ---. The name and origin of Rudolf's wife is not known. However, Vanderkindere suggests that she was ---, daughter of Immo Comte de Hesbaye, to explain the transmission of the name Immo into this family[659], although this cannot be the only explanation for the introduction of the name into the family. Widukind records that "Immo" offered "unicam filiam" to "Ansfrid" as a means of capturing the latter[660].
2. [OTTO (-before 1016). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Lutgarde filia Hermegardis Namurcensis comitissæ" as wife of "Ottonis comitis de Los"[661]. No other reference to this Comte Otto has been found. Otto and his wife are not shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[662]. From a chronological point of view, an additional generation between Rudolf (967) and Giselbert ([1044/46]) would not be surprising. If Otto was the father of the sons shown below, he presumably died before 1016, the date of the charter in which they are named (see below). According to Mantelius, the father of Giselbert and Baldric [III] Bishop of Liège was "Ludovicus de Los Rudolfi comitis secundo genitus" (without citing the corresponding primary source)[663]. No trace of this person has been found in the primary sources so far consulted in the preparation of the present document. m ---. The name of Otto´s wife is not known. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Lutgarde filia Hermegardis Namurcensis comitissæ" as wife of "Ottonis comitis de Los" and the couple as parents of "Baldricus secundus"[664]. If this was correct, Otto´s wife was Liutgarde de Namur, daughter of Albert [I] Comte de Namur & his wife Ermengardis of Lower Lotharingia [Carolingian]. However, it is chronological impossible for a daughter of Comte Albert [I] (whose marriage is dated to 990) to have been the mother of Baldric [III] Bishop of Liège (installed as bishop in 1008). Another variation is provided by the Vita Arnulfi which names "Lugerdam, Godam, Ermengardam" as the three sisters of "Albertus comes Namurcensis", and adds that Liutgarde was the mother of "Emmonem et Ottonem fratrem eius", although without naming Liutgarde´s husband[665]. From a chronological point of view, this version is more coherent but, if correct, Liutgarde´s husband would have been Giselbert not Otto. Otto & his wife had three children:]
a) GISELBERT (-[1044/46]). His parentage is confirmed by the Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium which names "Baldricus secundus…frater Ghiselbertus", when recording the former's installation as Bishop of Liège, read together with another part of the same passage which names "Baldricus secundus…filius Ottonis comitis de Los ex Lutgarde filia Hermegardis Namurcensis comitissæ…"[666]. Europäische Stammtafeln[667] shows Giselbert and his brothers as sons of Rudolf, although as noted above an additional generation between Rudolf and the brothers would not be surprising. Comte de Looz.
- see below.
b) BALDRIC [III] (-29 Jul 1018, bur Monastery St Jacobi). The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Baldricus secundus…filius Ottonis comitis de Los ex Lutgarde filia Hermegardis Namurcensis comitissæ, Ottonis prefati ducis filie, progenitus, frater Ghiselbertus", when recording his installation as Bishop of Liège[668]. Bishop of Liège 1008. "Baldricus…Leodiensis ecclesiæ sacerdos" founded the abbey of Liège Saint-Jacques, in the presence of "fratribus meis Gisleberto…comite de Los et Arnulfo", by charter dated 1016, witnessed by "…Arnulfus comes frater comitis Gisleberti"[669]. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium records the death of "Baldricus secundus" specifying that he was buried "in cripta monasterii sancti Iacobi"[670].
c) ARNAUD (-before 1040). "Baldricus…Leodiensis ecclesiæ sacerdos" founded the abbey of Liège Saint-Jacques, in the presence of "fratribus meis Gisleberto…comite de Los et Arnulfo", by charter dated 1016, witnessed by "…Arnulfus comes frater comitis Gisleberti"[671]. Comte [de Hesbaie].
GISELBERT, son of Comte RUDOLF & his wife --- (-[1044/46]). His parentage is confirmed by the Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium which names "Baldricus secundus…frater Ghiselbertus", when recording the former's installation as Bishop of Liège, read together with another part of the same passage which names "Baldricus secundus…filius Ottonis comitis de Los ex Lutgarde filia Hermegardis Namurcensis comitissæ…"[672]. Europäische Stammtafeln[673] shows Giselbert and his brothers as sons of Rudolf, although as noted above an additional generation between Rudolf and the brothers would not be surprising. Comte de Looz. "Baldricus…Leodiensis ecclesiæ sacerdos" founded the abbey of Liège Saint-Jacques, in the presence of "fratribus meis Gisleberto…comite de Los et Arnulfo", by charter dated 1016, witnessed by "…Arnulfus comes frater comitis Gisleberti"[674]. "Chonradus…Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed property "in Alsatia et in comitatibus Gisilberti et Wezilonis comitum" to Kloster Peterlingen by charter dated 1027[675]. "Domina Adelaydis comitissa uxor quondam Hludovici comitis" donated property to Verdun Saint-Vanne by undated charter, subscribed by "Gislebertus comes"[676].
m ---. The name of Giselbert´s wife is not known.
The Vita Arnulfi names "Lugerdam, Godam, Ermengardam" as the three sisters of "Albertus comes Namurcensis", and adds that Liutgarde was the mother of "Emmonem et Ottonem fratrem eius", although without naming Liutgarde´s husband[677]. From a chronological point of view, it appears likely that Emmo and Otto were the sons of Giselbert, although no primary source has so far been found which names their father. If this is correct, Giselbert´s wife was Liutgarde de Namur, daughter of Albert [I] Comte de Namur & his wife Ermengardis of Lower Lotharingia [Carolingian]. As discussed above, another version is provided by the Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium which names "Lutgarde filia Hermegardis Namurcensis comitissæ" as wife of "Ottonis comitis de Los" and the couple as parents of "Baldricus secundus"[678]. However, as discussed above, this version is chronologically impossible. Until more information comes to light, it appears preferable to assume that Liutgarde was the mother of Emmo and Otto which, if correct, means that she was probably the wife of Giselbert.
A completely different possibility is suggested by the Annalista Saxo which names "Bertrada, soror Suanehildis comitisse de castro quod dicitur Lon in Hasbania, cuius filius fuit Arnoldus comes Mogotiensis prefectus" as wife of Graf Dietrich[679]. "Arnoldus comes Mogotiensis prefectus" in this passage must be identified as Arnaud [I] Comte de Looz, who is recorded as the son of Comte Emmo (see below). From a chronological point of view, it appears impossible that a daughter of Dirk III Count of Holland (the birth of whose children must be dated to [1010/35]) could have been the mother of Comte Arnaud [I] (whose death is dated to [1139]). On the other hand, it would be chronologically feasible for Dirk III´s daughter to have been the wife of Comte Giselbert. If this is correct, she was Suanehildis of Holland, daughter of Dirk III "Hierosolymita" Count of Holland & his wife Othelindis [von Hadmersleben]. The Vita Andreæ, first abbot of Averboden, in the Chronicle written by Nicolas Hogeland Abbot of Middelburg, records that "comitis Arnoldi Lossensis" descended "ex parte matris" from "Cliviæ comitibus"[680], which would be inconsistent with this hypothesis.
Comte Giselbert & his wife had [three] children:
1. [EMMO [Immo] (-17 Jan 1078). The Vita Arnulfi names "Emmonem et Ottonem fratrem eius" as sons of Liutgarde, daughter of Albert [I] Comte de Namur[681]. From a chronological point of view, it is not possible for Emmo and his brother to have been the children of Otto de Looz who, as stated above, is recorded in other primary sources as the husband of Liutgarde de Namur. The primary source which confirms that Emmo and Otto were the sons of Comte Giselbert has not yet been identified, although this suggested parentage would fit the chronology of the family. Comte de Looz.]
- see below.
2. [OTTO (-1101 or after). The Vita Arnulfi names "Emmonem et Ottonem fratrem eius" as sons of Liutgarde, daughter of Albert [I] Comte de Namur[682]. From a chronological point of view, it is not possible for Emmo and his brother to have been the children of Otto de Looz who, as stated above, is recorded in other primary sources as the husband of Liutgarde de Namur. The primary source which confirms that Emmo and Otto were the sons of Comte Giselbert has not yet been identified, although this suggested parentage would fit the chronology of the family. The Gesta Abbatem Trudonensium names "Ottonem comitem Durachii, fratrem Emmonis comitis de Los" when recording his installation in 1060 as subadvocatus of St Trudo[683]. 1046/1101. Comte de Duras.]
3. [HERMAN (-after 1047). "Hermannus frater comitis de Los archidiaconus Leodiensis" founded seven canonicates at the church of Looz in 1047[684]. Archdeacon of Liège. Assuming that the death date of Comte Giselbert is correctly shown above, Herman was the brother of Comte Emmo.]
EMMO [Immo], son of [GISELBERT Comte de Looz] & his wife [Liutgarde de Namur] (-17 Jan 1078). The Vita Arnulfi names "Emmonem et Ottonem fratrem eius" as sons of Liutgarde, daughter of Albert [I] Comte de Namur[685]. From a chronological point of view, it is not possible for Emmo and his brother to have been the children of Otto de Looz who, as stated above, is recorded in other primary sources as the husband of Liutgarde de Namur. The primary source which confirms that Emmo and Otto were the sons of Comte Giselbert has not yet been identified, although this suggested parentage would fit the chronology of the family. Comte de Looz. The necrology of Liège Saint-Lambert records the death "XVII Kal Feb" of "Emononis comitis"[686].
m ---. The name of Emmo´s wife is not known.
Comte Emmo & his wife had [four] children:
1. [SOPHIE (before [1044/46]-[1065]). The Vita Arnulfi names "Arnulfum comitem de Lo et Sophiam ducissam de Hungaria…et ducissam de Hui" as the children of Emmo Comte de Looz, adding that Sophie was the mother of "regem de Hungaria"[687]. This manuscript, written at Oudenbourg abbey, is dated to 1220[688]. This is late to be reliable. In addition, the document represents the ancestors of Comte Emmo in a way which is inconsistent with earlier primary sources.