Family reconstruction of the Christian nobility in the Iberian peninsula during the early medieval period is particularly difficult. The factors which contribute to the problems include lack of continuity in property holdings, duplication of names, non-inheritability of titles, the nature of the inheritance laws, and the type of primary sources which are available. Each of these factors will be considered in turn below.

Dealing first with the changes in property holdings, properties were bought, sold, or reassigned by the king, frequently. Family patrimony was generally not restricted to a particular area. Tenencias granted by the king were regularly withdrawn or re-assigned. Spanish nobles were therefore rarely able to establish regional power-bases or centralised lordships, in contrast particularly to the situation in France. There are some notable exceptions, for instance the Beni Gómez family (often called Condes de Saldaña), the Menéndez family (who governed large parts of Galicia), the condes de Cea, and the condes de Castilla (whose territory evolved into the kingdom of Castile). In the case of most noble families, however, the absence of a single "home-base" meant that toponymic family names rarely developed, at least before the late 12th century. The absence of continuity with specific places became particular acute in the late 11th and early 12th centuries, when confiscations and new awards accelerated as a consequence of numerous rebellions against the central royal authority.

Llorente categorises the different types of señorío granted by the monarchs of León/Asturias and Castile[1]:

behetrías: the most prestigious of the three types, in districts where the land was owned by its natives, the title-holder of the señorío being appointed by the monarch as benefactor or protector of the area while the inhabitants retained ownership of their lands.
solariegos: less prestigious, in unpopulated districts which were settled by incomers called colonos or collazos, the title-holder owning the property of the territory.
dismembraciones: a hybrid form of señorío, in areas already populated by vassals of the crown where the monarch separated out new patrimony and granted it to a new title-holder.

It should be emphasised that each señorío could occupy a very small area of land, with adjacent señoríos not necessarily being held by the same title-holder. This resulted in a complex patchwork of señoríos held by different title-holders. In addition, adjacent señoríos held by the same nobleman may have been of any one of these three types.

Secondly, concerning the Spanish naming system, at first sight it would seem that the use of patronymics, applied regularly and with consistency well into the 14th century, should compensate for the absence of toponymics. At least they mean that an individual's father's name can be deduced. However, the number of different names used is limited. There are therefore frequent duplications of name combinations. Given a series of references, for instance, to "Rodrigo Pérez" over an extended time-frame, it is difficult to decide how many different individuals are referred to and the breakpoints where references to one individual stop and another start. This effect is magnified over the generations. In the case of "Rodrigo Pérez", we know that Rodrigo's father was named Pedro, but there is no way of deciding which of the many individuals named Pedro this might be.

Thirdly in relation to the non-inheritability of titles, the title "conde" was granted by the king to an individual. It was not inheritable and was unconnected with any territorial holding. In addition, it could just as easily be awarded to a junior member of a family as to a first-born son. Individuals derived their right to govern a particular area not from their comital title but from the royal grant of a tenencia of the particular castle, town or location. In practice, the more important office-holders in the royal palace were generally appointed "conde", as were the holders of major accumulations of properties. During the first two centuries of the existence of the kingdom of Asturias, the surviving sources show only a handful of individuals with the title "conde". Gonzalo Martínez Díez has identified only six references to "condes" in the authentic primary source documentation during the period 711-910: the condes de Castilla (see the document CASTILE & LEÓN, COUNTS & KINGS), conde Rodrigo and his son Diego Rodríguez (see Chapter 6.B of the present document), Gonzalo Téllez, Munio Núñez (see Chapter 18), Gonzalo Fernández, and Vela Jiménez as conde de Álava (see the document NAVARRE NOBILITY)[2].

Fourthly, the Spanish inheritance laws provided for equal treatment between male and female heirs. In early medieval times, the concept of "family" for the Spanish nobility included relatives in the female line, which meant that agnatic noble dynasties developed much later in Spain than in other western European countries. This represents a further obstacle to successful family reconstitution, and adds confusion in the presentation of results. As will be seen below, an attempt has been made in some cases to collect sub-groups related through the female line with the main agnatic line families.

Lastly, the amount of information on family relationships included in available sources is limited. Charters which record donations to religious establishments, or property transfers between individuals, are numerous. In a limited number of cases, particularly relating to family property transfers, many individuals are named and some relationships specified. However, the vast majority of references to nobles are found in the long lists of subscribers whose names are set out at the end of these documents. Recording and sorting this information in spreadsheet format enables more connections to be identified than is possible by using manual methods. However, this is a time-consuming process and positive results are not guaranteed. Only a limited number of charter collections have been analysed fully during the course of preparing the present document. Many of the reconstructions shown below have been compiled from secondary sources, although such information has only been included when those sources cite primary source references. As further primary source cartularies are analysed, later versions of the present document will identify and explain the basis for speculative relationships.

The citations marked “Regestalia” in the end-notes are taken from extracts of cartularies between 711 and 1065, translated into Spanish, which appeared on the website “Proyecto Regestalia” which was presented by the Universidad de Alcalá[3]. This source did not include the names of subscribers to the charters in question. Unfortunately this data collection no longer appears to be available on-line[4].

Chapter 1. NOBILITY in GALICIA

A. FAMILY of HERMENEGILDO González

The family, based in Galicia, achieved an almost unrivalled level of importance in the kingdom of Léon, shown by the fact that between 922 and 1015 no less than four of the kings of León, Ordoño II, Ordoño III, Vermudo II and Alfonso V, married, or had amorous relationships with, members of the family. Gonzalo Menéndez was a particularly powerful noble during the reign of King Ramiro II, one of the few monarchs with whom the family had no matrimonial connection and with whom Gonzalo came into conflict over the issue of the Viking invasions of Galicia. Gonzalo was created conde by King Vermudo II and was appointed governor of the county of Braga. He was succeeded by his son Menendo who was the tutor of the young king Alfonso V and, later in life, achieved a level of importance reflected in his being named in contemporary documentation as dux de Galicia. His son Ramiro settled in Portugal, but his descendants do not seem to have enjoyed the same status as their more illustrious ancestors.

1. HERMENEGILDO Pérez (-after Jun 886). [Mayordomo of Alfonso III King of Asturias, Galicia and León 25 Sep 883[5]: "…Ermegildus maiordomus…" subscribed the charter dated 25 Sep 883 under which "Adefonsus rex et Exemena regina" donated property to the church of Coimbra[6]. This entry could refer either to Hermenegildo Pérez or to Hermenegildo Gutiérrez. Torres suggests that Hermenegildo Gutiérrez was charged by Alfonso III King of León with the repopulation of Coimbra[7]. However, the identification of the colonist of Coimbra presumably depends on the correct identification of the subscriber of the charter dated 25 Sep 883.] "Adefonsus rex et Exemena regina" donated property near Lanzada which had belonged to "Hermegildus filius Petri et uxor sua Yberia", who had rebelled against the king, to Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 24 Jun 886, subscribed by "Exemena regina, Garsea, Hordonius, Froila"[8]. m IBERIA, daughter of ---. "Adefonsus rex et Exemena regina" donated property near Lanzada which had belonged to "Hermegildus filius Petri et uxor sua Yberia", who had rebelled against the king, to Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 24 Jun 886, subscribed by "Exemena regina, Garsea, Hordonius, Froila"[9].

ALFONSO "Betote", son of ---. Conde, maybe conde de Tuy and conde de Deza. He carried out the repopulation of Minho inferior during the reign of Alfonso III King of León[10].

m ---. The name of Alfonso's wife is not known.

Alfonso & his wife had six children:

1. GONZALO Betótiz (-929). Conde. m TERESA Eriz, daughter of ERO Fernández & his [first/second] wife [Adosinda ---/Elvira ---]. Her marriage is confirmed by a charter dated to [956] which records the settlement of property disputes relating to “el territorio de Salnés” and names “domno Gundisalbus dux comite et…comitesa domna Tarasia…comite domno Pelagio prolis Gundisalbizi et illa regina domna Aragonta sororem suam…comitessa domna Elduara”[11]. Gonzalo & his wife had five children:

a) PELAYO González (-959). Conde. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "…Pelagio Gundesalviz…"[12]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "…Pelagius Gundisalviz…"[13]. He signed as comes in 17 Jun 950. His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated to [956] which records the settlement of property disputes relating to “el territorio de Salnés” and names “domno Gundisalbus dux comite et…comitesa domna Tarasia…comite domno Pelagio prolis Gundisalbizi et illa regina domna Aragonta sororem suam…comitessa domna Elduara”[14]. m ERMESINDA Gutiérrez, daughter of GUTIERRE Menéndez & his wife Ilduara Eriz. A charter dated 23 Dec 927 records donations by “Gutier Menendiz comes…cum coniuge sua domna Ylduara” to the monastery of Santa María de Loyo, an interpolated document recording that “Ylduara cum filiis meis…Rudesindus episcopus, Munnio, Froila, Adosinda, Ermesinda” confirmed the donation for the soul of “nostro domno diue memoria domno Guttierre”[15]. “Rudesindus episcopus, Munionem, Froilanem, Adosinda et Ermesinda” agreed the division of territories inherited from “avorum nostrorum Hermegildi et Ermesinde, Eroni et Adosinde” by charter dated 11 Mar 934[16]. “…Pelagius Gundisalui…” confirmed the charter dated 26 Sep 942 under which Bishop Rosendo donated property to Celanova[17], which suggests that his wife had died before this date. Pelayo & his wife had two children:

i) ILDUARA Peláez (-before 982). "Aldreto Olidiz…vigario de domna Elduara prolix Pelagii Gundisaluiz" sold property "in ripa de Arcus" by charter dated 18 Dec 961[18]. "Adosinda prolix Guttier et Ilduare" granted "villas…Moraria et Castineira" to "Gunsalbo Menendiz et uxor tue Ilduare", naming "viro meo dive memorie Ranimirus Menendi", by charter dated 17 Oct 964, subscribed by "Didacus Menendi, Arias Menendi…"[19]. m as his first wife, GONZALO Menéndez Conde in Galicia, son of conde HERMENEGILDO González & his wife Muniadomna Díaz (-killed in battle 997).

ii) ARAGONTA [Gondroda] Peláez (-after 973). Mistress of ORDOÑO III King of León, son of RAMIRO II King of León & his first wife Adosinda Gutiérrez ([926]-[30 Aug/13 Nov] 956).

b) HERMENEGILDO González (-950). Conde.

- see below.

c) ARAGONTA González (-956). The Cronica de Sampiro records the second marriage of "rex…Ordonius" and "uxorem ex partibus Gallicie nomine Agaruntum" who was repudiated by the king[20]. “Aragonti” donated property to the monastery of Carboeiro, for the soul of “domini et viri mei Hordonii principis”, by charter dated 20 Nov 929, affirmed after her death by “Arianem episcopo” who calls the donor “tie nostre…domne Aragonti regine”[21]. Her parentage is confirmed by a charter dated to [956] which records the settlement of property disputes relating to “el territorio de Salnés” and names “domno Gundisalbus dux comite et…comitesa domna Tarasia…comite domno Pelagio prolis Gundisalbizi et illa regina domna Aragonta sororem suam…comitessa domna Elduara”[22]. m (Feb 922, divorced 922) as his [second/third] wife, ORDOÑO II King of León, son of ALFONSO III "el Magno" King of Asturias, Galicia and León & his wife Jimena Garcés de Pamplona ([873]-Jan 924).

d) IBERIA González (-after 929). m her first cousin, PELAYO Tetóniz, son of TETÓN Betótiz & his wife --- (-after 951).

e) GONTRODO González (-after 929).

2. TETÓN Betótiz . All the information about Tetón Betótiz, his descendants and younger siblings, is set out in Mattoso[23]. m ---. The name of Tetón's wife is not known. Tetón & his wife had three children:

a) PELAYO Tetóniz (-after 951). "Pelagio Tedoniz, Sarracino Nuniz, Hermegildo Gunzaluiz…Menendo Mendiz, Osorius Gutierriz, Rodorigo Tedoniz…" subscribed the charter dated 4 Mar 933 under which "Ranemirus…rex" [Ramiro II King of Leon] donated property[24]. “…Pelagius Teoderici comes et dux…” confirmed the charter dated 26 Sep 942 under which Bishop Rosendo donated property to Celanova[25]. m his first cousin, IBERIA González, daughter of GONZALO Betótiz & his wife Teresa Eriz (-after 929). Pelayo & his wife had two children:

i) FLAMULA Peláez (-after 4 Dec 968). "Flamula prolis Pelagia et Iberia" sold "villa de Comité…et…villa…Quintanella" to Vimieiro monastery by charter dated 26 Mar 953[26]. "Gundisalvo Memendiz, Rudesindus Roderici…Honneca Menendi filia, Flamula Pelagii filia, Uelasquita Pelagii filii" subscribed the charter dated 4 Dec 968 of "Mummadomna…castellum…sanctum Mames"[27].

ii) VELAZQUITA Peláez (-after 4 Dec 968). "Gundisalvo Memendiz, Rudesindus Roderici…Honneca Menendi filia, Flamula Pelagii filia, Uelasquita Pelagii filii" subscribed the charter dated 4 Dec 968 of "Mummadomna…castellum…sanctum Mames"[28].

b) RODRIGO Tetóniz (-after [939]). "Pelagio Tedoniz, Sarracino Nuniz, Hermegildo Gunzaluiz…Menendo Mendiz, Osorius Gutierriz, Rodorigo Tedoniz…" subscribed the charter dated 4 Mar 933 under which "Ranemirus…rex" [Ramiro II King of Leon] donated property[29]. m LEODEGUNDIA Díaz, daughter of DIEGO Fernández & his wife Oneca --- (-before 960). "Honecca…cum filiis meis Munna, Ledegundia, Exemenus et Mummadonna" donated property to the monastery of Lorvão by charter dated 5 Dec 928, subscribed by "Honneca, Munnia, Ledegundia, Exemenus Didaz, Mummadomna, Aloytus Lucidi, Roderigus Tedoniz, Ermegildus Gundisaluiz, Gundesindus Didaz…"[30]. The order of the names of the subscribers suggests that the husbands of the donor´s daughters follow their wives, in order. Rodrigo & his wife had four children:

i) RAMIRO (-after 13 Jul 960). "Flamula deovota filia Ruderici et Leodegundie", on her deathbed, donated property of "tie sue Godo Eroni Gontemiri" to Vimeiro monastery and "tie sue Mummadona deovota" by charter dated 13 Jul 960, which names "germano nostro domno Ranemiro…avios nostros Didaco Fredenandiz et coniuge eius Onnice…meo iermano domno Didaco"[31].

ii) DIEGO Rodríguez (-after 13 Jul 960). "Flamula deovota filia Ruderici et Leodegundie", on her deathbed, donated property of "tie sue Godo Eroni Gontemiri" to Vimeiro monastery and "tie sue Mummadona deovota" by charter dated 13 Jul 960, which names "germano nostro domno Ranemiro…avios nostros Didaco Fredenandiz et coniuge eius Onnice…meo iermano domno Didaco"[32].

iii) FLAMULA Rodríguez (-after 13 Jul 960). "Flamula deovota filia Ruderici et Leodegundie", on her deathbed, donated property of "tie sue Godo Eroni Gontemiri" to Vimeiro monastery and "tie sue Mummadona deovota" by charter dated 13 Jul 960, which names "germano nostro domno Ranemiro…avios nostros Didaco Fredenandiz et coniuge eius Onnice…meo iermano domno Didaco"[33].

c) OLIDE Tetóniz (-after 1 Jun 946). "Oliti Tetoni…sponssa mea Adosinda filia Gormiri" donated property by charter dated 1 Jun 946[34]. m ADOSINDA Gormiri, daughter of GORMIR & his wife --- (-after 1 Jun 946). "Oliti Tetoni…sponssa mea Adosinda filia Gormiri" donated property by charter dated 1 Jun 946[35].

3. TELLO Betótiz . m ---. The name of Tello's wife is not known. Tello & his wife had one child:

a) DIEGO Téllez .

4. TEODO Betótiz .

5. ARAGUNTE Betótiz .

6. --- Betótiz . m ---. One child:

a) VERMUDO Pépez . According to Mattoso, this person was either the son or grandson of one of the children of Alfonso "Betote"[36]. m GUNTRODA, daughter of ---. A charter dated 20 Jun 959 records that "domne Gunterodi" donated "villa…Fano", for the benefit of "Veremudus Pepiz vir suus", and exchanged with "Didaco prolis Menendi" who "cum coniugi mee Ildoncie" made another donation[37]. Vermudo & his wife had one child:

i) PELAYO Vermúdez . m ---. The name of Pelayo's wife is not known. Pelayo & his wife had two children:

(a) BALTEIRO Peláyez (-after 985).

(b) GODO Peláyez . m ---. The name of Godo's wife is not known. Godo & his wife had one possible child:

(1) [PELAYO Gódez]. m ---. The name of Pelayo's wife is not known. Pelayo & his wife had one child:

a. GOINA Peláyez . m SOEIRO Galindes, Senhor de Riba Cávado. According to Fernandes[38], he was the father of Nuno Soares "Velho" who was the ancestor of the Velho family.

HERMENEGILDO González, son of GONZALO Betótiz & his wife Teresa Eriz (-950 or before). "Ranemirus" [brother of Alfonso IV King of Leon] granted "villa…Crexemir" {Creixomil} to "Ermegildus et Mummadomna" by charter dated 22 Feb 926, witnessed by "Aloitus Lucidi, Fredenandus Ouecoz, Fredenandus Alderotiz, Lucidus Aloitis, Froila Gundesindi…"[39]. "Pelagio Tedoniz, Sarracino Nuniz, Hermegildo Gunzaluiz…Menendo Mendiz, Osorius Gutierriz, Rodorigo Tedoniz…" subscribed the charter dated 4 Mar 933 under which "Ranemirus…rex" [Ramiro II King of Leon] donated property[40]. Conde.

m (before 926) MUNIADOMNA Díaz, daughter of DIEGO Fernández, conde in Limia & his wife Oneca --- (-after 4 Dec 968). "Ranemirus" [brother of Alfonso IV King of Leon] granted "villa…Crexemir" {Creixomil} to "Ermegildus et Mummadomna" by charter dated 22 Feb 926[41]. "Honecca…cum filiis meis Munna, Ledegundia, Exemenus et Mummadonna" donated property to the monastery of Lorvão by charter dated 5 Dec 928, subscribed by "Honneca, Munnia, Ledegundia, Exemenus Didaz, Mummadomna, Aloytus Lucidi, Roderigus Tedoniz, Ermegildus Gundisaluiz, Gundesindus Didaz…"[42]. The order of the names of the subscribers suggests that the husbands of the donor´s daughters follow their wives, in order. "Mummadonna…cum filios meos Gunsaluus Didacus Ranimirus diaconus Onecha a deo uota Donnus nunus et Arriane" distributed property of "viro meo diue memorie Domno Ermigildo" by charter dated 5 Aug 950[43]. ["Ranemirus…princeps" [Ramiro II King of Leon] granted "villa nostra propria Mellares" to "Mummadomna" the charter dated 18 May 952 (must be redated to before 950), subscribed by "…Ueremundus rex, Aloito Lucidi…Lucidus Aloitiz…"[44]. The anachronistic reference to "Ueremundus rex" suggests that the document is spurious.] "Mummadomna Didaci et Onecce filia", widow of "Ermegildo prolix Gundisalui et Tarasia", together with "liberos…amborum…Gundisalbus Didacus Ranimirus, Nunus Arriane et Onecce", donated numerous properties to Vimieiro monastery by charter dated 26 Jan 959, which also names "Gutier Roderici cum coniuge nate mee Onecce…germanus noster domnus Exemenus"[45]. She founded the monastery of Guimarães in Portugal[46]. "Mummadomna…castellum…sanctum Mames" issued a charter dated 4 Dec 968 subscribed by "Gundisalvo Memendiz, Rudesindus Roderici…Honneca Menendi filia, Flamula Pelagii filia, Uelasquita Pelagii filii"[47].

Hermenegildo González & his wife had six children:

1. GONZALO Menéndez (-before 997). "Mummadonna…cum filios meos Gunsaluus Didacus Ranimirus diaconus Onecha a deo uota Donnus nunus et Arriane" distributed property of "viro meo diue memorie Domno Ermigildo" by charter dated 5 Aug 950[48].

- see below.

2. DIEGO Menéndez (-after 17 Oct 964). "Mummadonna…cum filios meos Gunsaluus Didacus Ranimirus diaconus Onecha a deo uota Donnus nunus et Arriane" distributed property of "viro meo diue memorie Domno Ermigildo" by charter dated 5 Aug 950[49]. "Mummadomna Didaci et Onecce filia", widow of "Ermegildo prolix Gundisalui et Tarasia", together with "liberos…amborum…Gundisalbus Didacus Ranimirus, Nunus Arriane et Onecce", donated numerous properties to Vimieiro monastery by charter dated 26 Jan 959[50]. A charter dated 20 Jun 959 records that "domne Gunterodi" donated "villa…Fano", for the benefit of "Veremudus Pepiz vir suus", and exchanged with "Didaco prolis Menendi" who "cum coniugi mee Ildoncie" made another donation[51]. "Adosinda prolix Guttier et Ilduare" granted "villas…Moraria et Castineira" to "Gunsalbo Menendiz et uxor tue Ilduare", naming "viro meo dive memorie Ranimirus Menendi", by charter dated 17 Oct 964, subscribed by "Didacus Menendi, Arias Menendi…"[52]. m ALDONZA, daughter of ---. A charter dated 20 Jun 959 records that "domne Gunterodi" donated "villa…Fano", for the benefit of "Veremudus Pepiz vir suus", and exchanged with "Didaco prolis Menendi" who "cum coniugi mee Ildoncie" made another donation[53]. Diego & his wife had one child:

a) MUNIADOMNA Díaz (-[1025]). "Fratri Daniel" donated property to "domna Mummadomna prolix Didaci et ad fratres et sorores…in cenobio Vimaranes" by charter dated 7 Sep 992[54]. Nun at Guimarães.

3. RAMIRO Menéndez (-[26 Jan 959/964]). "Mummadonna…cum filios meos Gunsaluus Didacus Ranimirus diaconus Onecha a deo uota Donnus nunus et Arriane" distributed property of "viro meo diue memorie Domno Ermigildo" by charter dated 5 Aug 950[55]. "Mummadomna Didaci et Onecce filia", widow of "Ermegildo prolix Gundisalui et Tarasia", together with "liberos…amborum…Gundisalbus Didacus Ranimirus, Nunus Arriane et Onecce", donated numerous properties to Vimieiro monastery by charter dated 26 Jan 959[56]. "Gundisalbus filii Ermegildi et Mummadomne" donated property "in ripa Arrogio…", held by "frater meus Ranemirus et eius uxor Adosinde", to Vimeiro by charter dated 10 Dec 968[57]. m as her second husband, ADOSINDA Gutiérrez, widow of JIMENO Díaz, daughter of GUTIERRE Menéndez & his wife Ilduara Eriz (-after [981/88]). "Adosinda prolix Guttier et Ilduare" granted "villas…Moraria et Castineira" to "Gunsalbo Menendiz et uxor tue Ilduare", naming "viro meo dive memorie Ranimirus Menendi", by charter dated 17 Oct 964, subscribed by "Didacus Menendi, Arias Menendi…"[58]. "Gundisalbus filii Ermegildi et Mummadomne" donated property "in ripa Arrogio…", held by "frater meus Ranemirus et eius uxor Adosinde", to Vimeiro by charter dated 10 Dec 968[59]. Ramiro & his wife had [two] children:

a) [60][VELASQUITA Ramírez (-after 1030). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Velasquita" as the first legitimate wife of King Vermudo, specifying that he "divorced while she was living"[61]. She is cited with her supposed mother in [981/88][62]. “Velasquida regina” confirmed a charter dated 29 Sep 985 under which King Vermudo II donated property to Celanova[63]. “Velasquita regina” confirmed a charter dated 24 Dec 988 under which King Vermudo II donated property to Celanova[64]. After her repudiation, she took refuge in Oviedo where she arranged her daughter's marriage with the son of Queen Sancha Gómez, also exiled in Oviedo[65]. m (before 29 Sep 985, repudiated after 24 Dec 988) as his first wife, VERMUDO II "el Gotoso" King of León, illegitimate son of ORDOÑO III King of León & his mistress [Aragonta or Gontrada Peláez] ([953]-Sep 999).]

b) ILDONZA Ramírez. m GONZALO Vermúdez, son of [VERMUDO Núñez Conde de Cea & his first wife Argilo ---].

4. ONECA Menéndez (-after 4 Dec 968). "Mummadonna…cum filios meos Gunsaluus Didacus Ranimirus diaconus Onecha a deo uota Donnus nunus et Arriane" distributed property of "viro meo diue memorie Domno Ermigildo" by charter dated 5 Aug 950[66]. "Mummadomna Didaci et Onecce filia", widow of "Ermegildo prolix Gundisalui et Tarasia", together with "liberos…amborum…Gundisalbus Didacus Ranimirus, Nunus Arriane et Onecce", donated numerous properties to Vimieiro monastery by charter dated 26 Jan 959, which also names "Gutier Roderici cum coniuge nate mee Onecce"[67]. "Gundisalvo Memendiz, Rudesindus Roderici…Honneca Menendi filia, Flamula Pelagii filia, Uelasquita Pelagii filii" subscribed the charter dated 4 Dec 968 of "Mummadomna…castellum…sanctum Mames"[68]. m (before 26 Jan 959) GUTIERRE Rodríguez, son of --- (-after [1014]). He supported Ordoño IV King of León in the civil war against King Sancho[69].

5. NUÑO Menéndez (-after 26 Jan 959). "Mummadonna…cum filios meos Gunsaluus Didacus Ranimirus diaconus Onecha a deo uota Donnus nunus et Arriane" distributed property of "viro meo diue memorie Domno Ermigildo" by charter dated 5 Aug 950[70]. "Mummadomna Didaci et Onecce filia", widow of "Ermegildo prolix Gundisalui et Tarasia", together with "liberos…amborum…Gundisalbus Didacus Ranimirus, Nunus Arriane et Onecce", donated numerous properties to Vimieiro monastery by charter dated 26 Jan 959[71].

6. ARIAS Menéndez (-after 17 Oct 964). "Mummadonna…cum filios meos Gunsaluus Didacus Ranimirus diaconus Onecha a deo uota Donnus nunus et Arriane" distributed property of "viro meo diue memorie Domno Ermigildo" by charter dated 5 Aug 950[72]. "Mummadomna Didaci et Onecce filia", widow of "Ermegildo prolix Gundisalui et Tarasia", together with "liberos…amborum…Gundisalbus Didacus Ranimirus, Nunus Arriane et Onecce", donated numerous properties to Vimieiro monastery by charter dated 26 Jan 959[73]. "Adosinda prolix Guttier et Ilduare" granted "villas…Moraria et Castineira" to "Gunsalbo Menendiz et uxor tue Ilduare", naming "viro meo dive memorie Ranimirus Menendi", by charter dated 17 Oct 964, subscribed by "Didacus Menendi, Arias Menendi…"[74].

GONZALO Menéndez, son of conde HERMENEGILDO González & his wife Muniadomna Díaz (-killed in battle 997). "Mummadonna…cum filios meos Gunsaluus Didacus Ranimirus diaconus Onecha a deo uota Donnus nunus et Arriane" distributed property of "viro meo diue memorie Domno Ermigildo" by charter dated 5 Aug 950[75]. "Adosinda prolix Guttier et Ilduare" granted "villas…Moraria et Castineira" to "Gunsalbo Menendiz et uxor tue Ilduare", naming "viro meo dive memorie Ranimirus Menendi", by charter dated 17 Oct 964, subscribed by "Didacus Menendi, Arias Menendi…"[76]. Conde. His relations with Ramiro III King of León broke down over the latter's inaction in the face of the Viking attacks on Galicia in 968. "Gundisalbus filii Ermegildi et Mummadomne" donated property "in ripa Arrogio…", held by "frater meus Ranemirus et eius uxor Adosinde", to Vimeiro by charter dated 10 Dec 968[77]. He was also the sworn enemy of dux Rodrigo Velásquez, with whom he was in conflict from 970 to 974 and whom he defeated at the battle of Aguioncha[78]. "Gundissalus Menendiz" donated property from "domna Palla" by charter dated 22 Dec 981, subscribed by "…Menendo Gundisaluiz…"[79]. A charter of Vermudo II King of León dated 12 Apr 993 records the rebellion of "Gundisalvo Menendici…[et] filium ipsius Gundisalvi…Rudesindum"[80]. Governor of the county of Braga 994, he was killed during al-Mansur's campaign against Santiago de Compostela[81].

m firstly ILDUARA [Ildonza] Peláez, daughter of PELAYO González & his wife Ermesinda Gutiérrez (-before 982). "Aldreto Olidiz…vigario de domna Elduara prolix Pelagii Gundisaluiz" sold property "in ripa de Arcus" by charter dated 18 Dec 961[82]. "Adosinda prolix Guttier et Ilduare" granted "villas…Moraria et Castineira" to "Gunsalbo Menendiz et uxor tue Ilduare", naming "viro meo dive memorie Ranimirus Menendi", by charter dated 17 Oct 964, subscribed by "Didacus Menendi, Arias Menendi…"[83].

m secondly ([983]) ERMESENDA, daughter of --- (-after 1008). A charter dated 21 Dec 1014 records a dispute involving "villa de Villacova" donated by "comitissa domna Tuta", naming "comite domno Gundisalbo et…coniugem suam domna Ermesinda"[84].

Gonzalo & his first wife had [six] children:

1. RAMIRO González (-after 986).

2. ROSENDO González (-after 1014). A charter of Vermudo II King of León dated 12 Apr 993 records the rebellion of "Gundisalvo Menendici…[et] filium ipsius Gundisalvi…Rudesindum"[85]. A charter dated 21 Dec 1014 records a dispute involving "villa de Villacova" donated by "comitissa domna Tuta" which was heard before "illa comitissa et comites Rudesindo Gonsaluit et Nuno Menendiz et Gonsaluo Menendiz Ranimior Menendiz et Gutierre Roderici"[86].

3. MENENDO González (-killed in battle 11 Oct 1008). "Gundissalus Menendiz" donated property from "domna Palla" by charter dated 22 Dec 981, subscribed by "…Menendo Gundisaluiz…"[87]. Conde. He succeeded his father as governor of the county of Braga. Tutor of Alfonso V King of León from 999[88]. Ibn-Khaldun states that Alfonso V King of León succeeded under the regency of "le comte de Galice Menendo Gonzalez" but that this was disputed by "Sancho fils de Garcia, l´oncle maternel d´Alphonse", the dispute being arbitrated by "Abdalmelic fils d´Almanzor" who ordered "au juge des chrétiens [de Cordoue] Açbagh ibn --- de décider…[et il] prononça en faveur de Menendo Gonzalez"[89]. A charter dated 23 Dec 1001 records a judgment before King Alfonso V and “senatus sui domni Ermenagildi Gundisaluiz prolis” settling a dispute with the monastery of Celanova[90]. “…Menendus dux prolis Gundisaluiz…” confirmed a charter dated 11 Jan 1002 relating to the donation of San Andrés de Congostro to the monastery of Celanova[91]. He fought the invading Vikings, being killed during one of these encounters as recorded in the Chronicon Lusitano[92]. The Chronicon Lusitanum records that “Comes Menendus” was killed “II Non Oct” in 1046 (adjusted to 1008)[93]. Ibn-Khaldun records that "le comte de Galice Menendo Gonzalez" was killed in [17 Sep 1007/4 Sep 1008][94]. After his death, he was recorded as dux de Galicia[95]. m MUNIADOMNA [Todadomna], daughter of ---, granddaughter of [96][conde FROILA Gutiérrez & his wife Sarracina ---] (-before 1025). A charter dated 21 Dec 1014 records a dispute involving "villa de Villacova" donated by "comitissa domna Tuta" which was heard before "illa comitissa et comites Rudesindo Gonsaluit et Nuno Menendiz et Gonsaluo Menendiz Ranimior Menendiz et Gutierre Roderici", naming "comite domno Gundisalbo et…coniugem suam domna Ermesinda", confirmed by "Froila Gutieriz, Munio Menendiz, Tuta domna, Ildunza Menendi, Pelagius Didaz, Ordonius Guteiert, Ouevo Ennegot…"[97]. "Froila Gundesaluiz…Tuta Domna" donated "villas…de Ezebrario usque in Uauga et Angre" to Vaccariça monastery, and "comitissam…Tuta Domna" donated similar properties which were "de ipse congermano nostro domni Frolani", by charter dated 30 Jan 1018[98]. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 15 Nov 1028 under which her grandson "Ueremudus proles Adefonsi principis et Geluire regine" donated "villam meam…Cordario que fuit avorum et parentum meorum Menendi et dne Tote" to Santiago de Compostela[99]. Menendo & his wife had [nine] children:

a) MUNIO Menéndez (-after [1025]). A charter dated 21 Dec 1014 records a dispute involving "villa de Villacova" donated by "comitissa domna Tuta" which was heard before "illa comitissa et comites Rudesindo Gonsaluit et Nuno Menendiz et Gonsaluo Menendiz Ranimior Menendiz et Gutierre Roderici"[100].

b) GONZALO Menéndez (-after 1018). A charter dated 21 Dec 1014 records a dispute involving "villa de Villacova" donated by "comitissa domna Tuta" which was heard before "illa comitissa et comites Rudesindo Gonsaluit et Nuno Menendiz et Gonsaluo Menendiz Ranimior Menendiz et Gutierre Roderici"[101].

c) RAMIRO Menéndez (-before 1014). A charter dated 21 Dec 1014 records a dispute involving "villa de Villacova" donated by "comitissa domna Tuta" which was heard before "illa comitissa et comites Rudesindo Gonsaluit et Nuno Menendiz et Gonsaluo Menendiz Ranimior Menendiz et Gutierre Roderici"[102]. Conde. Alférez of Alfonso V King of León 13 Sep 1005[103]. He settled in Portugal. m TODA Vélaz, daughter of [104][conde VELA Iñíguez & his wife ---] (-after 1055). "Adefonsus…princeps ad vicem…filiis meis etiam…domna Mummadomna" donated property "qui fuerunt de parentes nostri dux Menendus Gondisalui et Tuta Domna…in...villa Aminitello…" to "Petro Aloitiz" and Vimieiro monastery, with the consent of "comite Nunus Aloitiz et uxori eius comitissa domna Ilduara…et comitissa domna Onneca…et comitissa Tuda Uegillaz et filiis meis Ermegildus et Lupe", by charter dated 3 Sep 1025[105]. Ramiro & his wife had three children:

i) ORDOÑO Ramírez (-after 1017). He confirmed a 1017 donation by Alfonso V King of León to Pedro Fernández[106]. m ELVIRA, daughter of ---. "[Ermegildus cognomento] Menendus Folienz…cum uxore sua…Gunterode Ordoniz" donated "villa…Tauoadelo quos fuit de comes domno Gundisaluo Menendi" to Vimeiro, naming "Ordonio Ranemiriz et sua mulier domna Geluira…suo genro Fredenando Gundemariz et…sua mulier Mummadomna Ordoniz", by charter dated 31 Mar 1045[107]. Ordoño & his wife had two children:

(a) MUNIADOMNA Ordóñez (-before 1045). "[Ermegildus cognomento] Menendus Folienz…cum uxore sua…Gunterode Ordoniz" donated "villa…Tauoadelo quos fuit de comes domno Gundisaluo Menendi" to Vimeiro, naming "Ordonio Ranemiriz et sua mulier domna Geluira…suo genro Fredenando Gundemariz et…sua mulier Mummadomna Ordoniz", by charter dated 31 Mar 1045[108]. m FERNANDO Gundemáriz, son of --- (-after 1044).

(b) GUNTRODO Ordóñez (-after 1045). "[Ermegildus cognomento] Menendus Folienz…cum uxore sua…Gunterode Ordoniz" donated "villa…Tauoadelo quos fuit de comes domno Gundisaluo Menendi" to Vimeiro, naming "Ordonio Ranemiriz et sua mulier domna Geluira…suo genro Fredenando Gundemariz et…sua mulier Mummadomna Ordoniz", by charter dated 31 Mar 1045[109]. m MENENDO Folienz, son of --- (-after 1045).

ii) HERMENEGILDO Ramírez (-after 1025). "Adefonsus…princeps ad vicem…filiis meis etiam…domna Mummadomna" donated property "qui fuerunt de parentes nostri dux Menendus Gondisalui et Tuta Domna…in...villa Aminitello…" to "Petro Aloitiz" and Vimieiro monastery, with the consent of "comite Nunus Aloitiz et uxori eius comitissa domna Ilduara…et comitissa domna Onneca…et comitissa Tuda Uegillaz et filiis meis Ermegildus et Lupe", by charter dated 3 Sep 1025[110].

iii) LOBA Ramírez (-after 1044). "Adefonsus…princeps ad vicem…filiis meis etiam…domna Mummadomna" donated property "qui fuerunt de parentes nostri dux Menendus Gondisalui et Tuta Domna…in...villa Aminitello…" to "Petro Aloitiz" and Vimieiro monastery, with the consent of "comite Nunus Aloitiz et uxori eius comitissa domna Ilduara…et comitissa domna Onneca…et comitissa Tuda Uegillaz et filiis meis Ermegildus et Lupe", by charter dated 3 Sep 1025[111]. She inherited property in Carrazedo from her father, which she sold in 1044[112]. m conde SANCHO Velásquez, son of ---. He is named as the husband of Loba Ramírez in her 1044 document[113].

d) [PELAYO Menéndez (-after 30 Dec 1028). Conde. He confirmed certain juridical acts connected with this family after the death of his supposed father[114]. Alférez of Alfonso V King of León 19 Sep 1012 to 29 Apr 1014[115]. "…Pelagius Menendiz…" (signing first among the lay subscribers) subscribed the charter dated 15 Nov 1028 under which "Ueremudus proles Adefonsi principis et Geluire regine" donated "villam meam…Cordario que fuit avorum et parentum meorum Menendi et dne Tote" to Santiago de Compostela[116].]

e) ELVIRA Menéndez (-2 Dec 1022, bur León). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Elvira" daughter of "count Menendo González and his wife countess Mayor" as the wife of King Alfonso[117]. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 15 Nov 1028 under which her son "Ueremudus proles Adefonsi principis et Geluire regine" donated "villam meam…Cordario que fuit avorum et parentum meorum Menendi et dne Tote" to Santiago de Compostela[118]. The Chronicon Regum Legionensium records that King Alfonso was buried in León "with his wife Elvira"[119]. The Chronicon del Salterio, dated to 1055, records the death "IV f[eri]a M i[u]l[i]o era TLXVI" of "Adefonsus rex" and "uxor eius Gelbire IV N[ona]s Dec era TLX"[120]. m (1015) as his first wife, ALFONSO V King of León, son of VERMUDO II "el Gotoso" King of León & his second wife Elvira García de Castilla (996-killed in battle Viseu 4 Jul or 7 Aug 1028, bur León).

f) ILDUARA Menéndez . "Adefonsus…princeps ad vicem…filiis meis etiam…domna Mummadomna" donated property "qui fuerunt de parentes nostri dux Menendus Gondisalui et Tuta Domna…in...villa Aminitello…" to "Petro Aloitiz" and Vimieiro monastery, with the consent of "comite Nunus Aloitiz et uxori eius comitissa domna Ilduara…et comitissa domna Onneca…et comitissa Tuda Uegillaz et filiis meis Ermegildus et Lupe", by charter dated 3 Sep 1025[121]. m conde NUÑO Aloítez, son of ALOITO Núñez & his wife Gontina --- (-1028).

g) ILDONZA Menéndez (-after 21 Dec 1014). A charter dated 21 Dec 1014 records a dispute involving "villa de Villacova" donated by "comitissa domna Tuta", confirmed by "Froila Gutieriz, Munio Menendiz, Tuta domna, Ildunza Menendi, Pelagius Didaz, Ordonius Guteiert, Ouevo Ennegot…"[122].

h) [FROILA Menéndez (-1032 after 25 Aug). Conde. Alférez of Vermudo II "el Gotoso" King of León 5 Sep 998 to 5 Jan 999[123]. "…Froila Menendiz…" subscribed the charter dated 15 Nov 1028 under which "Ueremudus proles Adefonsi principis et Geluire regine" donated "villam meam…Cordario que fuit avorum et parentum meorum Menendi et dne Tote" to Santiago de Compostela[124].]

i) [ONECA Menéndez (-after 3 Sep 1025). "Adefonsus…princeps ad vicem…filiis meis etiam…domna Mummadomna" donated property "qui fuerunt de parentes nostri dux Menendus Gondisalui et Tuta Domna…in...villa Aminitello…" to "Petro Aloitiz" and Vimieiro monastery, with the consent of "comite Nunus Aloitiz et uxori eius comitissa domna Ilduara…et comitissa domna Onneca…et comitissa Tuda Uegillaz et filiis meis Ermegildus et Lupe", by charter dated 3 Sep 1025[125]. m --- Conde, son of ---.

4. [TODA González. m conde RODRIGO Ordóñez, son of [ORDOÑO Ramírez & his wife Elvira] (-after 9 Jun 1037). Alférez 27 Nov 986.]

5. DIEGO González .

6. MUNIADOMNA González (-before 1013).

B. MENENDEZ FAMILY

This family was based in Galicia and northern Portugal. From obscure origins, Hermengildo Gutiérrez achieved a position of trust at the court of León in the late 9th and early 10th centuries and married his daughter to King Ordoño II. Gutierre Menéndez, son of Hermenegildo Gutiérrez, was granted six counties in Galicia, which continued to be governed by his sons and grandsons. One of his grandsons was San Rosendo, whose life has been the subject of detailed scholarly investigation. Gutierre´s great-grandson Gonzalo Muñoz conde de Coimbra achieved notoriety as the murderer of Sancho I King of León, was the enemy of King Ramiro III, and contributed to the rise to power of King Vermudo II during the civil war in León. Gonzalo´s son conde Froila González was one of the "condes Gallegos" who supported al-Manzor, helped capture Santiago de Compostela in 997, and was eventually expelled from Galicia in 1017 by Alfonso V King of León.

GUTIERRE ---. 869-920.

m ELVIRA, daughter of ---.

Gutierre & his wife had three children:

1. ALOITO Gutiérrez (-after 963).

- see below.

2. OSORIO Gutiérrez . Conde 899-920.

- see below.

3. HERMENEGILDO Gutiérrez (-after 912).

- see below, Part D.

ALOITO Gutiérrez, son of GUTIERRE --- & his wife Elvira --- (-after 963).

m ARGILO, daughter of ---. “Argilo…cum filiis meis Gundesindo abba, Arias, Guttier, Ermegild” donated property to the monastery of Santa María de Cinis by charter dated 13 Oct 915 which names “pater noster Aloitus”[126].

Aloito & his wife had four children:

1. GUNDESINDO Aloítez . “Argilo…cum filiis meis Gundesindo abba, Arias, Guttier, Ermegild” donated property to the monastery of Santa María de Cinis by charter dated 13 Oct 915 which names “pater noster Aloitus”[127]. The Historia Compostelana names “Gundesindus filius comitis Aloiti” as Bishop of Compostela[128].

2. GUTIERRE Aloítez . “Argilo…cum filiis meis Gundesindo abba, Arias, Guttier, Ermegild” donated property to the monastery of Santa María de Cinis by charter dated 13 Oct 915 which names “pater noster Aloitus”[129]. Conde. m AUVIDIA Vímaraz [Lillio], daughter of VÍMARA Pérez & his wife Trudildi ---.

3. ARIAS Aloítez . “Argilo…cum filiis meis Gundesindo abba, Arias, Guttier, Ermegild” donated property to the monastery of Santa María de Cinis by charter dated 13 Oct 915 which names “pater noster Aloitus”[130].

4. HERMENEGILDO Aloítez [Menendo] (-[23 Oct 964/970]). “Argilo…cum filiis meis Gundesindo abba, Arias, Guttier, Ermegild” donated property to the monastery of Santa María de Cinis by charter dated 13 Oct 915 which names “pater noster Aloitus”[131]. His parents and grandparents are set out in a record of the monastery of Sobrado[132]. Menendo and his descendants for four generations are also set out in records of the monastery[133]. "Donadeo et uxor mea Tidina" donated property "in villa…Codegio" to "Hermegildo et uxori vestre Paterne" by charter dated 7 Jul 931[134]. Conde. Mayordomo 9 Feb 937 to 3 Apr 945. “Asterigo et uxor mea Leouegoto” donated property to “domno Ermegildo et domna Paterna” by charter dated 30 Jul 939[135]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "…Hermegildus maiordomus…"[136]. "Hermegildus et Paterna" founded the monastery of Sobrado by charter dated 9 Oct 952, subscribed by "Rudericus Menendiz…"[137]. "Sisnandus…sci. Iacobi apostoli et Iriensis sedis episcopus…cum genitore meo Hermegildo" donated property to Sobrado by charter dated 30 Dec 955, subscribed by "Rudericus Hermegildi prolis, Giluira coniux Ruderici…"[138]. m (before 916) PATERNA Gundesíndiz, daughter of GUNDESINDO & his wife Senior --- (-after 9 Oct 952). Her parents are set out in the Sobrado records[139]. She acquired property jointly with her husband from 916 until the 950s[140]. "Donadeo et uxor mea Tidina" donated property "in villa…Codegio" to "Hermegildo et uxori vestre Paterne" by charter dated 7 Jul 931[141]. “Asterigo et uxor mea Leouegoto” donated property to “domno Ermegildo et domna Paterna” by charter dated 30 Jul 939[142]. "Hermegildus et Paterna" founded the monastery of Sobrado by charter dated 9 Oct 952, subscribed by "Rudericus Menendiz…"[143]. Hermenegildo & his wife had three children:

a) SISNANDO Menéndez (-killed in battle Fornelos 29 Mar 968). The Historia Compostelana names “Sisnandus” as bishop of Santiago when recording that he founded the monastery of San Martín, and in a later passage records that he was “filium comitis Menendi, ac nepotem…Gundesindi episcopi”[144]. Bishop of Compostela. "Sisnandus…sci. Iacobi apostoli et Iriensis sedis episcopus…cum genitore meo Hermegildo" donated property to Sobrado by charter dated 30 Dec 955, subscribed by "Rudericus Hermegildi prolis, Giluira coniux Ruderici…"[145]. He was deprived of his bishopric in favour of San Rosendo de Celanova. Mayordomo 18 Mar 949 to 8 Oct 950. He was killed in battle fighting the Vikings[146].

b) RODRIGO Menéndez (-after 966). "Hermegildus et Paterna" founded the monastery of Sobrado by charter dated 9 Oct 952, subscribed by "Rudericus Menendiz…"[147]. "Sisnandus…sci. Iacobi apostoli et Iriensis sedis episcopus…cum genitore meo Hermegildo" donated property to Sobrado by charter dated 30 Dec 955, subscribed by "Rudericus Hermegildi prolis, Giluira coniux Ruderici…"[148]. "Rudericus et uxor mea…Giluira" donated property to Santiago by charter dated 15 Nov 959, signed by "Rudericus Menendiz, Giluira Aluitiz"[149]. His father, wife and brother are named in 966[150]. He is named as Rodrigo "Munit" in the document which refers to his son Gutierre, although it is clear from the same document that his father is "Menendo"[151]. m ELVIRA Aloítez, daughter of ALOITO Lucídez & his wife Munia Díaz. "Sisnandus…sci. Iacobi apostoli et Iriensis sedis episcopus…cum genitore meo Hermegildo" donated property to Sobrado by charter dated 30 Dec 955, subscribed by "Rudericus Hermegildi prolis, Giluira coniux Ruderici…"[152]. Her parents are named by Mattoso[153]. "Rudericus et uxor mea…Giluira" donated property to Santiago by charter dated 15 Nov 959, signed by "Rudericus Menendiz, Giluira Aluitiz"[154]. Rodrigo & his wife had one child:

i) GUTIERRE Rodríguez . m MARINA, daughter of ---. She is named in a donation of his son Rodrigo to his wife[155]. Gutierre & his wife had two children:

(a) DIEGO Gutiérrez . He was maiorino regis[156]. m AZENDA Segerédez, daughter of SEGEREDO Aloítez & his wife Adosinda Arias. Diego & his wife had two children:

(1) ARDIO Díaz . m conde FROILA Arias, son of ARIAS Tetóniz & his wife ---.

(2) AZENDA Díaz .

(b) RODRIGO Gutiérrez . m SENIOR Aloítez, daughter of ---.

c) --- Menéndez . m GARCÍA Iñíguez, son of ---. "Giloira Ranimiri principis filia" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 4 Apr 970, confirmed by "…Garsea Ennecozi…"[157]. He confirmed donations to the monastery of Sahagún dated 11 May 971, 11 May 976 and 27 Nov 986[158]. García & his wife had one child:

i) JIMENA García . She refers to her parents and two maternal uncles Sisnando and Rodrigo Menéndez in 984[159].

OSORIO Gutiérrez, son of GUTIERRE --- & his wife Elvira --- . Conde 899-920.

m ---. The name of Osorio's wife is not known.

Osorio & his wife had two children:

1. NUÑO Osóriz .

2. GUTIERRE Osóriz (-after 941). Conde 916-941. "…Guter Osoriz, Guter Menendi, Arias Menendiz, Flaginus Didaz, Fredinandus Didaz…" confirmed the charter dated 24 Apr [918], probably spurious, under which "Ordonius rex et Giloria regina" donated el Coto de Valdueza to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes[160]. A charter dated 1 Oct 982 under which “Odoyno diacono” transferred the church of Santa Comba de Bande to Celanova monastery recalls donations by “comes Guttier Osoriz et filio suo Froila Gutieriz”[161]. m his first cousin, ALDONZA Menéndez, daughter of HERMENEGILDO Gutiérrez & his wife Ermesinda Gatónez (-after 26 Sep 942). “Guttierr et Yldonzia…cum filiis filiabusque nostris” donated property to Celanova by charter dated 9 Jan 941[162]. “…Amita supra memorati…episcopi Yldonzia” confirmed the charter dated 26 Sep 942 under which Bishop Rosendo donated property to Celanova[163]. Gutierre & his wife had nine children:

a) OSORIO Gutiérrez (-[after 969]). "Pelagio Tedoniz, Sarracino Nuniz, Hermegildo Gunzaluiz…Menendo Mendiz, Osorius Gutierriz, Rodorigo Tedoniz…" subscribed the charter dated 4 Mar 933 under which "Ranemirus…rex" [Ramiro II King of Leon] donated property[164]. “Solarius Guttiheriz, Roderico Guttiherriz, Hosorius Guttiheriz, Froyla Guttiherriz, Gunterodes abbatissa, Adosinda olim regina, Giluira confessa…” confirmed the charter dated 9 Jan 941 under which “Guttierr et Yldonzia…cum filiis filiabusque nostris” donated property to Celanova[165]. Conde 942[166]. 933 969. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "…Rudericus Guterriz, Osorius Guterriz…"[167]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "…Rudericus Guteriz, Osorius Guteriz…"[168]. He founded the monastery of San Salvador de Lorenzana [969], although the date is disputed[169]. It is possible that he was the confirmant of the 1 Sep 986 donation of Osorio Díaz to the monastery of Sahagún, which was also confirmed by "Hanni Gutiérrez" who has not been identified[170]. m URRACA Núñez, daughter of ---. Osorio & his wife had three children:

i) GUTIERRE Osóriz .

ii) ORDOÑO Osóriz .

iii) URRACA Osóriz .

b) GUNTRODO Gutiérrez (-after 21 May 959). “Solarius Guttiheriz, Roderico Guttiherriz, Hosorius Guttiheriz, Froyla Guttiherriz, Gunterodes abbatissa, Adosinda olim regina, Giluira confessa…” confirmed the charter dated 9 Jan 941 under which “Guttierr et Yldonzia…cum filiis filiabusque nostris” donated property to Celanova[171]. “Gunterodis abbatisse, prolis Guttieri comiti” donated property to the monastery of San Pelayo by charter dated 21 May 959[172].

c) ADOSINDA Gutiérrez (-after 9 Jan 941). The Codex de Roda records that "domni Ranimiri regis, frater Adefonsi regis et Froila" had "alia uxore Galliciensis" but omits her name[173]. “Solarius Guttiheriz, Roderico Guttiherriz, Hosorius Guttiheriz, Froyla Guttiherriz, Gunterodes abbatissa, Adosinda olim regina, Giluira confessa…” confirmed the charter dated 9 Jan 941 under which “Guttierr et Yldonzia…cum filiis filiabusque nostris” donated property to Celanova[174]. m ([925], divorced 930) as his first wife, her first cousin[175], RAMIRO II King of León, son of ORDOÑO II King of León & his first wife Elvira Menéndez ([before 21 Feb 897]-1 Jan 951).

d) RODRIGO Gutiérrez (-after 992). “Solarius Guttiheriz, Roderico Guttiherriz, Hosorius Guttiheriz, Froyla Guttiherriz, Gunterodes abbatissa, Adosinda olim regina, Giluira confessa…” confirmed the charter dated 9 Jan 941 under which “Guttierr et Yldonzia…cum filiis filiabusque nostris” donated property to Celanova[176]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "…Rudericus Guterriz, Osorius Guterriz…"[177]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "…Rudericus Guteriz, Osorius Guteriz…"[178]. Conde 950. m ---. The name of Rodrigo's wife is not known. Rodrigo & his wife had three children:

i) SUERO Rodríguez .

ii) GUTIERRE Rodríguez .

iii) ROSENDO Rodríguez .

e) SUERO Gutiérrez . “Solarius Guttiheriz, Roderico Guttiherriz, Hosorius Guttiheriz, Froyla Guttiherriz, Gunterodes abbatissa, Adosinda olim regina, Giluira confessa…” confirmed the charter dated 9 Jan 941 under which “Guttierr et Yldonzia…cum filiis filiabusque nostris” donated property to Celanova[179]. Conde 941 986. “El conde Suario Gutiérrez y la condesa doña Gontridi” donated property “la vila de Fradelo, en tierra de Castillós” to the monastery of San Vicente de Pombeiro (Lemos) by charter dated 2 Jan 935[180]. m GONTRID, daughter of --- (-after 11 Jul 991). “El conde Suario Gutiérrez y la condesa doña Gontridi” donated property “la vila de Fradelo, en tierra de Castillós” to the monastery of San Vicente de Pombeiro (Lemos) by charter dated 2 Jan 935[181]. “Gonzina” donated property to the monastery of Celanova, for the soul of ”viri mei Suari ducis et confessi”, by charter dated 11 Jul 991[182].

f) MUNIO Gutiérrez .

g) FROILA Gutiérrez . "Veremudus prolis regis, Froila Gotierriz" subscribed the charter dated 18 Nov 937 under which "Elduara" donated property to Lorvão[183]. “Solarius Guttiheriz, Roderico Guttiherriz, Hosorius Guttiheriz, Froyla Guttiherriz, Gunterodes abbatissa, Adosinda olim regina, Giluira confessa…” confirmed the charter dated 9 Jan 941 under which “Guttierr et Yldonzia…cum filiis filiabusque nostris” donated property to Celanova[184]. Conde 941. A charter dated 1 Oct 982 under which “Odoyno diacono” transferred the church of Santa Comba de Bande to Celanova monastery recalls donations by “comes Guttier Osoriz et filio suo Froila Gutieriz”[185]. m FLÁMULA, daughter of ---. King Vermudo II donated property to Celanova by charter dated 1 Sep 996 which names “Froila Gutterriz et uxor eius Flamule” and their successor and child “Ildontie” who left “filiam Santia” who married “Osorius Didaci” who rebelled against the king and whose property was donated[186]. Froila & his wife had one child:

i) ILDONZA Fróilaz . King Vermudo II donated property to Celanova by charter dated 1 Sep 996 which names “Froila Gutterriz et uxor eius Flamule” and their successor and child “Ildontie” who left “filiam Santia” who married “Osorius Didaci” who rebelled against the king and whose property was donated[187]. "Osorio Didaci" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 1 Sep 986, which names "Tegridia genetrix Osorio Didaci…uxor Osorio Didaci dive memorie Sanzie filie Sanctionis et Ildonze…Munnio Didaci abio uxoris Osorio Didaci"[188]. m SANCHO Muñoz, son of MUNIO Díaz & his wife ---.

h) ELVIRA Gutiérrez . “Solarius Guttiheriz, Roderico Guttiherriz, Hosorius Guttiheriz, Froyla Guttiherriz, Gunterodes abbatissa, Adosinda olim regina, Giluira confessa…” confirmed the charter dated 9 Jan 941 under which “Guttierr et Yldonzia…cum filiis filiabusque nostris” donated property to Celanova[189].

i) ERMESINDA Gutiérrez . A charter dated 1 Oct 982 under which “Odoyno diacono” transferred the church of Santa Comba de Bande to Celanova monastery records that “comes Ordonius Uelasquoz” gave “filio suo Guttier” to be brought up by Bishop Hermegildo and that “ipse Ordonius…cum coniuge sua Ermesinda” donated property[190]. 935-992. [191]m ORDOÑO Velásquez, son of VELASCO --- & his wife ---.

HERMENEGILDO Gutiérrez, son of GUTIERRE --- & his wife Elvira --- (-after 912). He acted as juez together with his father-in-law in 878[192]. [Mayordomo of Alfonso III King of Asturias, Galicia and León 25 Sep 883[193]: "…Ermegildus maiordomus…" subscribed the charter dated 25 Sep 883 under which "Adefonsus rex et Exemena regina" donated property to the church of Coimbra[194]. This entry could refer either to Hermenegildo Pérez or to Hermenegildo Gutiérrez. Torres suggests that Hermenegildo Gutiérrez was charged by Alfonso III King of León with the repopulation of Coimbra[195]. However, the identification of the colonist of Coimbra presumably depends on the correct identification of the subscriber of the charter dated 25 Sep 883.] He helped to crush the rebellio of Conde Witiza against King Alfonso III and was awarded the rebel's territories in compensation[196]. According to the Crónica de Sampiro he was Conde de Tuy y Portugal, but Torres has found no other documentary evidence to support this[197]. He witnessed the 912 donation of his son-in-law Ordoño II King of León to the church of Santiago de Compostela[198].

m ERMESINDA Gatóniz, daughter of GATÓN Ramírez de Asturias & his wife Egilona ---. A charter dated 23 Dec 927 records donations by “Gutier Menendiz comes…cum coniuge sua domna Ylduara” to the monastery of Santa María de Loyo and specifies that he was son of “domne Ermesende comitisse”[199].

Hermenegildo Gutiérrez & his wife had [six] children:

1. GUTIERRE Menéndez (-933). A charter dated 23 Dec 927 records donations by “Gutier Menendiz comes…cum coniuge sua domna Ylduara” to the monastery of Santa María de Loyo and specifies that he was son of “domne Ermesende comitisse”[200]. His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 11 Mar 934 under which “Rudesindus episcopus, Munionem, Froilanem, Adosinda et Ermesinda” (her children) agreed the division of territories inherited from “avorum nostrorum Hermegildi et Ermesinde, Eroni et Adosinde”[201]. Conde.

- see below.

2. ARIAS Menéndez (-before 924). "…Gutier Menendiz, Arias Menendiz, Flaginus Didaz…" subscribed the charter dated 5 Jun [892] under which Ranulfo Bishop of Astorga donated the church of Villanueva de Valdueza to San Pedro de Montes[202]. Conde 888-922. "…Guter Osoriz, Guter Menendi, Arias Menendiz, Flaginus Didaz, Fredinandus Didaz…" confirmed the charter dated 24 Apr [918], probably spurious, under which "Ordonius rex et Giloria regina" donated el Coto de Valdueza to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes[203]. He was appointed governor of the county of Coimbra [Eminio] by Alfonso III King of León[204]. A charter dated 942, under which Ramiro II King of Leon appointed Froila Gutiérrez to the control of territories including Caldelas, records that “pater tuus sive et Arias Menendiz” had earlier controlled the same territories[205]. m ERMESINDA, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 11 Jun 962 under which “Giloyra” donated property inherited “inter germanos meos” from “genitoris et genitricis mee Ariani ducis et Hermesinde auctrix cometisse” to Celanova[206]. same person as …? ERMESINDA Gundesíndez, daughter of GUNDESINDO Eriz & his wife Enderquina Menéndez. This co-identity is proposed by Mattoso[207]. However, even setting aside the chronological difficulties (the paternal grandfather of Ermesinda Gundesíndez, Ero Fernández, who died in 925 was probably the contemporary of Arias who was already Conde in 888), Arias Menéndez would have been the maternal uncle of Ermesinda Gutiérrez (although examples of uncle/niece marriages are not unknown). Arias & his wife had [three or more] children:

a) GUNTERICO Arias . m GONTRODO González, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 8 Oct 988 under which her granddaughter “Uelasquita confessa, prolis Rudericus et Adosinde” donated property “la vila de Feá” to the monastery of Santa María de Mezonzo, for the souls of “viri nostri Munneonis…avia nostra diue memorie domne Gunterotis” (having inherited the property from the latter)[208]. Gunterico & his wife had one child:

i) ADOSINDA Gunterícez . Her name, and her mother´s name, are confirmed by the charter dated 8 Oct 988 under which her daughter “Uelasquita confessa, prolis Rudericus et Adosinde” donated property “la vila de Feá” to the monastery of Santa María de Mezonzo, for the souls of “viri nostri Munneonis…avia nostra diue memorie domne Gunterotis” (having inherited the property from the latter)[209]. m as his first wife, RODRIGO Velásquez, son of VELASCO --- & his wife Trudilde --- (-[17 Jan 977/23 Oct 978]).

b) ELVIRA Arias (-after 11 Jun 962). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 11 Jun 962 under which “Giloyra” donated property inherited “inter germanos meos” from “genitoris et genitricis mee Ariani ducis et Hermesinde auctrix cometisse” to Celanova for the soul of “viri mei Munnionis”, confirmed by “Arias episcopus” who names the donor “mee genitricis”[210]. m her first cousin, conde MUNIO Gutiérrez, son of conde GUTIERRE Menéndez & his wife Ilduara Eriz (-[959/60]).

c) one or more other children. Their existence is confirmed by the charter dated 11 Jun 962 under which “Giloyra” donated property inherited “inter germanos meos” from “genitoris et genitricis mee Ariani ducis et Hermesinde auctrix cometisse” to Celanova[211].

3. ALDONZA Menéndez (-after 26 Sep 942). “Guttierr et Yldonzia…cum filiis filiabusque nostris” donated property to Celanova by charter dated 9 Jan 941[212]. “…Amita supra memorati…episcopi Yldonzia” confirmed the charter dated 26 Sep 942 under which Bishop Rosendo donated property to Celanova[213]. m her first cousin, conde GUTIERRE Osóriz, son of OSORIO Gutiérrez & his wife --- (-after 941).

4. ELVIRA Menéndez (-[8 Sep/Oct] 921). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 21 Feb 897 which records that "Gondesindus prolis Erus et Adosinda" accepted as his wife Elvira´s sister "Enderquina conmento Pala filia dux Menemdus Gutierizi et Ermesinda iermana de domna Geluira regina que fuit mulier de Ordonius rex mater Ranemirus principe"[214]. This document, if correctly dated, also provides an indication of the approximate date of her marriage. “Hordonius Rex ac Gelvira Regina” donated property to the church of Santiago by charter “IV Kal Feb” dated to 915[215]. Elvira´s parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 16 Aug 929 under which “Adefonsus rex” granted the government of various commisas to “tio nostro domno Gutierre”, who was her son[216]. "Ordonius rex et Giloria regina" donated el Coto de Valdueza to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes by charter dated 24 Apr [918][217]. "Ordonius princeps et uxor Gelvira regina" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 25 May 920, subscribed by their children "Sanzo, Adefonso principi, Ranemiro, Xemena"[218]. "Hordonis rex et Gilvira regina" confirmed the possessions of the monastery of Santa Eugenia de Calaberas by charter dated 20 Feb 921, subscribed by "Sanzo prolis regis, Adefonsus, Ranimirus, Scemena, Garsea"[219]. "Ordonius rex et Gelvira regina" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 1 Mar 921, subscribed by "Sanzio prolis regis, Adefonsus, Ranimirus, Froila"[220]. The Cronica de Sampiro records the death of "reginam dominam Geluiram" after "rex…Ordonius" enjoyed a series of victories against the Muslims, capturing the castles of "Sarmalon, Eliph, Palmacio, et Castellon, et Magnanza"[221]. m ([894/96]) as his [first/second] wife, ORDOÑO II King of León, son of ALFONSO III "el Magno" King of Asturias, Galicia and León & his wife Jimena de Pamplona ([873]-Jan 924)..

5. ENDERQUINA Menéndez "Pala" (-before [947]). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 21 Feb 897 which records that "Gondesindus prolis Erus et Adosinda" accepted as his wife "Enderquina conmento Pala filia dux Menemdus Gutierizi et Ermesinda iermana de domna Geluira regina que fuit mulier de Ordonius rex mater Ranemirus principe", names their children "filius…Suarius, Ermesinda et Adosinda et Froilo…cum infirmidate nata", records his foundation of churches "inter Durio et Uauga in villa Acibeto…in villa Sanganeto…", and that he committed "filia mea Froilo" to "domna Geluira abatisisa"[222]. m GUNDESINDO Eriz, son of conde ERO Fernández & his first wife Aldonza --- (-after [947]).

6. [GUDILONA Menéndez (-[before 26 Sep 942]). "Lucidus…cum consensus uxoris mee Gudilone" donated property "in villa…Fremoseli" to Bishop Gomado by charter dated 1 Oct 915[223]. De Almeida Fernandes suggests her parentage, although Mattoso emphasises that there is no proof that it is correct[224]. However, four of her supposed sons “…Teodericus Lucidi comes et dux, Rudericus Lucidi comes et dux…Aloytus Lucidi comes et dux…Soharius Lucidi comes et dux…” confirmed the charter dated 26 Sep 942 under which Bishop Rosendo donated property to Celanova, named together in a column which includes the second grouping of lay confirmants, after the column in which the members of the bishop´s immediate family are named[225]. If this parentage is correct, Gudilona must have died before the date of this charter as her supposed sister Aldonza is named in the first column of confirmants. m LUCIDIO Vímaraz, son of VIMARA Pérez & his wife --- (-after 922).]

GUTIERRE Menéndez, son of HERMENEGILDO Gutiérrez & his wife Ermesinda Gatóniz (-933). "…Gutier Menendiz, Arias Menendiz, Flaginus Didaz…" subscribed the charter dated 5 Jun [892] under which Ranulfo Bishop of Astorga donated the church of Villanueva de Valdueza to San Pedro de Montes[226]. "…Guter Osoriz, Guter Menendi, Arias Menendiz, Flaginus Didaz, Fredinandus Didaz…" confirmed the charter dated 24 Apr [918], probably spurious, under which "Ordonius rex et Giloria regina" donated el Coto de Valdueza to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes[227]. "Garseani…rex…cum congugie mea Muma doma regina" donated certain the town of Mutarraf to Eslonza monastery by charter dated 13 May 923 (presumably misdated), confirmed by "Ranimirus, Urraca regina…Gutierre Memendiz, Sesebutus Petri…"[228]. Conde, he governed six counties in Galicia granted him by Alfonso IV King of León[229]. A charter dated 23 Dec 927 records donations by “Gutier Menendiz comes…cum coniuge sua domna Ylduara” to the monastery of Santa María de Loyo and specifies that he was son of “domne Ermesende comitisse”[230]. His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 11 Mar 934 under which “Rudesindus episcopus, Munionem, Froilanem, Adosinda et Ermesinda” (her children) agreed the division of territories inherited from “avorum nostrorum Hermegildi et Ermesinde, Eroni et Adosinde”[231].

m ILDUARA Eriz, daughter of ERO Fernández & his first wife Adosinda --- (-958). A charter dated 23 Dec 927 records donations by “Gutier Menendiz comes…cum coniuge sua domna Ylduara” to the monastery of Santa María de Loyo, an interpolated document recording that “Ylduara cum filiis meis…Rudesindus episcopus, Munnio, Froila, Adosinda, Ermesinda” confirmed the donation for the soul of “nostro domno diue memoria domno Guttierre”[232]. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 11 Mar 934 under which “Rudesindus episcopus, Munionem, Froilanem, Adosinda et Ermesinda” (her children) agreed the division of territories inherited from “avorum nostrorum Hermegildi et Ermesinde, Eroni et Adosinde”[233].

Gutierre Menéndez & his wife had five children:

1. MUNIO Gutiérrez (-[959/60]). Conde 911-955. He took part in the delimitation of the territories of Braga and Dume for Alfonso III "el Magno" King of León in 911[234]. A charter dated 23 Dec 927 records donations by “Gutier Menendiz comes…cum coniuge sua domna Ylduara” to the monastery of Santa María de Loyo, an interpolated document recording that “Ylduara cum filiis meis…Rudesindus episcopus, Munnio, Froila, Adosinda, Ermesinda” confirmed the donation for the soul of “nostro domno diue memoria domno Guttierre”[235]. “Rudesindus episcopus, Munionem, Froilanem, Adosinda et Ermesinda” agreed the division of territories inherited from “avorum nostrorum Hermegildi et Ermesinde, Eroni et Adosinde” by charter dated 11 Mar 934[236]. "Ranimirus rex" donated "la villa de Pinies en tierra de Salnés", which "genitore nostro dive memorie domino Ordonio principi" had granted to "congermano nostro Munius Gutierri", to "cognate nostre domine Gotho regina et Deo vota…in cenobio Castrello" by charter dated 947[237]. The relationship "congermano" between King Ramiro and Munio Gutiérrez has not yet been traced. m his first cousin, ELVIRA Arias, daughter of conde ARIAS Menéndez & his wife Ermesinda Gundesíndiz (-after 11 Jun 962). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 11 Jun 962 under which “Giloyra” donated property inherited “inter germanos meos” from “genitoris et genitricis mee Ariani ducis et Hermesinde auctrix cometisse” to Celanova for the soul of “viri mei Munnionis”, confirmed by “Arias episcopus” (who names the donor “mee genitricis”) and “…Guttier Munioni, Hermesinde Munioni…”[238]. Munio & his wife had six children:

a) GUTIERRE Muñoz (-[999]). “…Guttier Munioni, Hermesinde Munioni…” confirmed the charter dated 11 Jun 962 under which “Giloyra” donated property inherited “inter germanos meos” from “genitoris et genitricis mee Ariani ducis et Hermesinde auctrix cometisse” to Celanova for the soul of “viri mei Munnionis”, although the document does not state their relationship to the donor[239]. 'Gutierre Muñiz' is named in Portugal from 974 to 999 although Torres doubts whether this is the same person because of the longevity this would imply[240]. Mattoso[241] assumes that it is the same person. Bearing in mind the dates of death of Gutierre's parents, and the likely death dates of his brother Gonzalo and his sister Elvira, it does appear that this family was particularly long-lived. "Munniu Gundissalbiz" donated "medietate de villa…Sancta Columba", which was "de abios nostros Aloytus et Munnia", to Lorvão by charter dated 22 Jul 985, confirmed by "Gutier Munniuz"[242]. m ---. The name of Gutierre's wife is not known. Gutierre & his wife had one child:

i) NUÑO Gutiérrez (-after 1032). He was present at the court of Bermudo III King of León in 1032[243]. Maybe the same person as NUÑO de Celanova[244].

b) ARIAS Muñoz (-973). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 11 Jun 962 under which “Giloyra” donated property inherited “inter germanos meos” from “genitoris et genitricis mee Ariani ducis et Hermesinde auctrix cometisse” to Celanova for the soul of “viri mei Munnionis”, confirmed by “Arias episcopus” who names the donor “mee genitricis”[245]. Conde. Bishop of Dumio 948/956[246].

c) GOTO Muñoz (-after 1 Mar 963). “Sancius...Domini Ordonii genitus” granted property to the church of Santiago by charter “XI Kal Dec” dated to 927, confirmed by “Goto Regina”[247]. “Santius rex et Goto regina” granted property to Odoario by charter dated 20 Feb 928[248]. “Ansuario” donated property to “domino nostro et…rex domno Santius…Gallecie princeps…et domina nostra…Goto regina” by charter dated 10 Jun 929[249]. "Ranimirus rex" donated "la villa de Pinies en tierra de Salnés", which "genitore nostro dive memorie domino Ordonio principi" had granted to "congermano nostro Munius Gutierri", to "cognate nostre domine Gotho regina et Deo vota…in cenobio Castrello" by charter dated 947[250]. “La reina y confesa Goto, hija de Munio” donated property “situado bajo la ´Penna Polumbaria´, en el puerto de Pombeiro” to the monastery of San Vicente de Pombeiro (Lemos) by charter dated 1 Mar 963[251]. m (before 927) SANCHO Ordóñez, son of ORDOÑO II King of León & his first wife Elvira Menéndez ([890/93] or later-929).

d) ERMESINDA Muñoz (-after 962). “…Guttier Munioni, Hermesinde Munioni…” confirmed the charter dated 11 Jun 962 under which “Giloyra” donated property inherited “inter germanos meos” from “genitoris et genitricis mee Ariani ducis et Hermesinde auctrix cometisse” to Celanova for the soul of “viri mei Munnionis”, although the document does not state their relationship to the donor[252].

e) ELVIRA Muñoz (-after 986). She confirmed a sale of property in Guilhabreu in 986[253].

f) GONZALO Muñoz (-[982/84]). Mattoso emphasises the absence of proof that Gonzalo Muñoz was the son of Munio Gutiérrez, which is based on a theory proposed by Azevedo[254]. However, the donation of his supposed son Munio González was confirmed by Gutierre Muñoz, the role which could reasonably have been performed by his deceased father´s older brother. Conde 928 981. Conde de Coimbra. The Cronica de Sampiro records that "Gundissalvus…dux…ultra flumen Dorii" poisoned Sancho I King of León who was trying to exact tribute[255]. He plotted against King Ramiro III, sent ambassadors to Córdoba and supported the claims of the future king Vermudo II[256]. m his first cousin, MUNIADOMNA Fróilaz, daughter of conde FROILA Gutiérrez & his wife Sarracina ---. She is named "Amunne" in the charters dated 22 Jul 985 and 21 Sep 988 which are quoted below. She is named "Toda Domna" in the charter dated 6 Apr 994 of her son "Froila prolix Gundisaluo Munneonis et Toda Domna", which also confirms her parentage as it also names "abia mea domna Sarracina"[257]. Gonzalo & his wife had three children:

i) MUNIO González (-after 21 Sep 988). "Munniu Gundissalbiz" donated "medietate de villa…Sancta Columba", which was "de abios nostros Aloytus et Munnia", to Lorvão by charter dated 22 Jul 985, confirmed by "Gutier Munniuz"[258]. "Houecco Garseani comes" donated "villa…Castrello…[que] transit ribulo Mortalego" to Lorvão, for the souls of "defunctorum Amunne et Gudine cui beate memorie", by charter dated 22 Jul 985, confirmed by "Munio Gundisaluiz quod cognatus meus fecit pro anime genitricis vel iermane mee"[259]. "Munniu Gundisaluiz" donated "villa…Castrello…[que] transit ribulo Mortalego" to Lorvão, for the souls of "defunctorum meorum Amunne et Gutine cui beate memorie", by charter dated 21 Sep 988, confirmed by "Houevus comes, Gutierre Muniz…"[260].

ii) GOTINA González (-before 22 Jul 985). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 22 Jul 985 under which (her husband) "Houecco Garseani comes" donated "villa…Castrello…[que] transit ribulo Mortalego" to Lorvão, for the souls of "defunctorum Amunne et Gudine cui beate memorie", by charter dated 22 Jul 985, confirmed by "Munio Gundisaluiz quod cognatus meus fecit pro anime genitricis vel iermane mee"[261]. m OVECO García, son of GARCÍA --- & his wife ---. "Giloira Ranimiri principis filia" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 4 Apr 970, confirmed by "…Ovecco Garseani…"[262]. He appears in the region of Coimbra between 974 and 988, in particular as benefactor of the monastery of Lorvão[263]. Conde. "Houecco Garseani comes" donated "villa…Castrello…[que] transit ribulo Mortalego" to Lorvão, for the souls of "defunctorum Amunne et Gudine cui beate memorie", by charter dated 22 Jul 985, confirmed by "Munio Gundisaluiz quod cognatus meus fecit pro anime genitricis vel iermane mee"[264].

iii) FROILA González (-after 30 Jan 1018). "Froila prolix Gundisaluo Munneonis et Toda Domna" donated property "in villa Sumlani et Baquini subtus alpe Mons Gundemari…prope fluvio Dorio territorio Portugal", which was held by "Nandulfo et uxori sue Gundisalba Gundiuado et uxori sue Senior…" and naming "abia mea domna Sarracina", by charter dated 6 Apr 994[265]. He was one of the condes Gallegos who supported Ibn Abu Amir and captured Santiago de Compostela in 997. He was also the ally of Almanzor. "Froila prolis Gundisalbus Muneonis" donated "villa…Villanova suburbio Colimbrie iuxta monte Buzzako" to Vaccariça monastery, for the souls of "parentum meorum Gundisalbus Muneonis et Tuta Domna", by charter dated 18 May 1006[266]. He was expelled from the Castillo de Montemor in Galicia in 1017 by Alfonso V King of León[267]. "Froila Gundesaluiz…Tuta Domna" donated "villas…de Ezebrario usque in Uauga et Angre" to Vaccariça monastery, and "comitissam…Tuta Domna" donated similar properties which were "de ipse congermano nostro domni Frolani", by charter dated 30 Jan 1018[268]. m ---. The name of Froila's wife is not known. Froila & his wife had [two] children:

(a) GONZALO Fróilaz (-after 1037). Conde. "Comite Gundisaluo filius Froila et uxori mee Ermesenda filia Fredenandu et Ieloira" sold "hereditate nostra…in villa Rrial…territorium Portugalense" by charter dated 15 Mar 1037[269]. m ERMESINDA Fernández, daughter of conde FERNANDO Sendíniz & his wife Elvira --- (-after 1 Apr 1048). "Comite Gundisaluo filius Froila et uxori mee Ermesenda filia Fredenandu et Ieloira" sold "hereditate nostra…in villa Rrial…territorium Portugalense" by charter dated 15 Mar 1037[270]. "Sarracina deovota prolix Fredenamdo" sold property "in villa…Gemumdi terridorio Portugalemsis" by charter dated 1 Apr 1048, confirmed by "Ermesinda prolix Fredenamdo, Exemena prolix Fredenando"[271].

(b) [RODRIGO Fróilaz . Possible son of Froila González according to Sáez[272]. Founder of the house of TRABA.]

2. San ROSENDO Gutiérrez (-after 17 Jan 977). The Vita Sancti Rudesindi names "pater eius Gutierre Menendez, mater eius Ilduara" as the parents of "Rudesindus ex genere…nobilitatis Gallæciæ et Portugaliæ"[273]. A charter dated 23 Dec 927 records donations by “Gutier Menendiz comes…cum coniuge sua domna Ylduara” to the monastery of Santa María de Loyo, an interpolated document recording that “Ylduara cum filiis meis…Rudesindus episcopus, Munnio, Froila, Adosinda, Ermesinda” confirmed the donation for the soul of “nostro domno diue memoria domno Guttierre”[274]. Bishop of Mondoñedo. Founder of the monastery of Celanova[275]. “Rudesindus episcopus, Munionem, Froilanem, Adosinda et Ermesinda” agreed the division of territories inherited from “avorum nostrorum Hermegildi et Ermesinde, Eroni et Adosinde” by charter dated 11 Mar 934[276]. Bishop Rosendo conceded the monastery of Celanova to his successor by charter dated 17 Jan 977[277].

3. FROILA Gutiérrez (-after 943). A charter dated 23 Dec 927 records donations by “Gutier Menendiz comes…cum coniuge sua domna Ylduara” to the monastery of Santa María de Loyo, an interpolated document recording that “Ylduara cum filiis meis…Rudesindus episcopus, Munnio, Froila, Adosinda, Ermesinda” confirmed the donation for the soul of “nostro domno diue memoria domno Guttierre”[278]. “Rudesindus episcopus, Munionem, Froilanem, Adosinda et Ermesinda” agreed the division of territories inherited from “avorum nostrorum Hermegildi et Ermesinde, Eroni et Adosinde” by charter dated 11 Mar 934[279]. “Froyla et uxor mea Sarracina” donated property, for the souls of “genitorum meorum Guttiheris et Ylduare”, for the construction of Celanova monastery by “germanis meis domni Rudesindi episcopi” by charter dated 12 Sep 936[280]. Conde, Named as astoricensis comes in 941[281]. He succeeded to the territories of his uncle Arias Menéndez[282]. m SARRACINA, daughter of --- (-after 26 Sep 942). “Froyla et uxor mea Sarracina” donated property, for the souls of “genitorum meorum Guttiheris et Ylduare”, for the construction of Celanova monastery by “germanis meis domni Rudesindi episcopi” by charter dated 12 Sep 936[283]. “…Sarracina…” confirmed the charter dated 26 Sep 942 under which Bishop Rosendo donated property to Celanova[284]. Froila & his wife had two children:

a) MUNIADOMNA Fróilaz . She is named "Amunne" in the charters dated 22 Jul 985 and 21 Sep 988 which are quoted below. She is named "Toda Domna" in the charter dated 6 Apr 994 of her son "Froila prolix Gundisaluo Munneonis et Toda Domna", which also confirms her parentage as it also names "abia mea domna Sarracina"[285]. m her first cousin, conde GONZALO Muñoz, conde de Coimbra, son of MUNIO Gutiérrez & his wife Elvira Arias (-[982/84]).

b) ---. m ---. One child:

i) MUNIADOMNA [Tutadomna]. A charter dated 21 Dec 1014 records a dispute involving "villa de Villacova" donated by "comitissa domna Tuta" which was heard before "illa comitissa et comites Rudesindo Gonsaluit et Nuno Menendiz et Gonsaluo Menendiz Ranimior Menendiz et Gutierre Roderici", naming "comite domno Gundisalbo et…coniugem suam domna Ermesinda", confirmed by "Froila Gutieriz, Munio Menendiz, Tuta domna, Ildunza Menendi, Pelagius Didaz, Ordonius Guteiert, Ouevo Ennegot…"[286]. "Froila Gundesaluiz…Tuta Domna" donated "villas…de Ezebrario usque in Uauga et Angre" to Vaccariça monastery, and "comitissam…Tuta Domna" donated similar properties which were "de ipse congermano nostro domni Frolani", by charter dated 30 Jan 1018[287]. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 15 Nov 1028 under which her grandson "Ueremudus proles Adefonsi principis et Geluire regine" donated "villam meam…Cordario que fuit avorum et parentum meorum Menendi et dne Tote" to Santiago de Compostela[288]. m MENENDO González, son of GONZALO Menéndez & his wife Ilduara Peláez (-1008).

4. ADOSINDA Gutiérrez (-after [981/88]). A charter dated 23 Dec 927 records donations by “Gutier Menendiz comes…cum coniuge sua domna Ylduara” to the monastery of Santa María de Loyo, an interpolated document recording that “Ylduara cum filiis meis…Rudesindus episcopus, Munnio, Froila, Adosinda, Ermesinda” confirmed the donation for the soul of “nostro domno diue memoria domno Guttierre”[289]. “Rudesindus episcopus, Munionem, Froilanem, Adosinda et Ermesinda” agreed the division of territories inherited from “avorum nostrorum Hermegildi et Ermesinde, Eroni et Adosinde” by charter dated 11 Mar 934[290]. Her first marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 4 Feb 949 under which “Scemenus et uxori mee Adosinde” exchanged property with “iermano nostro et pontifici nostro Rudesindo episcopo”[291]. Her parentage is further confirmed by the charter dated 25 Aug 951 under which “Scemenus et Adosinda” donated property to Celanova “iermano nostro et pontifici nostro Rudesindo episcopo” which is signed by “Scemenus Didaci et Onnice prolis, Adosinda Guttierrici et Ilduare prolis”[292]. "Adosinda prolix Guttier et Ilduare" granted "villas…Moraria et Castineira" to "Gunsalbo Menendiz et uxor tue Ilduare", naming "viro meo dive memorie Ranimirus Menendi", by charter dated 17 Oct 964, subscribed by "Didacus Menendi, Arias Menendi…"[293]. m firstly JIMENO Díaz, son of DIEGO Fernández & his wife Oneca [Jiménez] (-before 961). m secondly RAMIRO Menéndez, son of HERMENEGILDO González & his wife Muniadomna Díaz (-before 17 Oct 964).

5. ERMESINDA Gutiérrez (-[before 26 Sep 942]). A charter dated 23 Dec 927 records donations by “Gutier Menendiz comes…cum coniuge sua domna Ylduara” to the monastery of Santa María de Loyo, an interpolated document recording that “Ylduara cum filiis meis…Rudesindus episcopus, Munnio, Froila, Adosinda, Ermesinda” confirmed the donation for the soul of “nostro domno diue memoria domno Guttierre”[294]. “Rudesindus episcopus, Munionem, Froilanem, Adosinda et Ermesinda” agreed the division of territories inherited from “avorum nostrorum Hermegildi et Ermesinde, Eroni et Adosinde” by charter dated 11 Mar 934[295]. “…Pelagius Gundisalui…” confirmed the charter dated 26 Sep 942 under which Bishop Rosendo donated property to Celanova[296], which suggests that his wife had died before this date. m conde PELAYO González, son of GONZALO Betótiz & his wife Teresa Eriz (-959).

6. --- . The identity of the parents of these two children is not known, but Teresa names Gutierre and Ilduara as "avios meos" in the charter dated 1000 which is quoted below. m ---. Two children:

a) TERESA (-after 1000). "Tarasia Deovota" confirmed privileges granted by "avios meos Gutier et Ilduare" to settlers in Presares by charter dated 1000, which specifies the division of property made after the death of "domini Gutier" by "domina Elduara cum suis suprinis et neptis Arias Aloitiz…eius filius tius noster dominus Rudesindus episcopus", the fraud committed by "una ex subrinis nostris…Gudilone…cum fratre nostro Savarigo" and "comes Suarius Gundemariz…cum alia nostra subrina coniux eius…Gunzina"[297].

b) SAVARICO . "Tarasia Deovota" confirmed privileges granted by "avios meos Gutier et Ilduare" to settlers in Presares by charter dated 1000, which specifies the division of property made after the death of "domini Gutier" by "domina Elduara cum suis suprinis et neptis Arias Aloitiz…eius filius tius noster dominus Rudesindus episcopus", the fraud committed by "una ex subrinis nostris…Gudilone…cum fratre nostro Savarigo" and "comes Suarius Gundemariz…cum alia nostra subrina coniux eius…Gunzina"[298].

C. FAMILY of ARIAS TETÓNIZ

The origins of this family can be reconstructed from the records of the monastery of Sobrado, which set out the ancestry of Urraca Fróilaz, first wife of Pedro Fróilaz de Traba.

1. ARIAS Tetóniz . m ---. The name of Arias's wife is not known. Arias & his wife had one child:

a) FROILA Arias . m ARDIO Díaz, daughter of DIEGO Gutiérrez & his wife ---. Froila & his wife had one child:

i) doña URRACA Fróilaz . "Petrus […Froilaz] et comes et cometessa Gunterede Ruderiquiz" donated "Nemenio", part of which belonged to "comes Froila Arias" who gave it to "sua filia donna Urraca qui fuit mea mulier" who left "meos filios et suos" one of whom "Froila Petriz" died, to the monastery of Santo Tomé de Nemeño by charter dated 6 May 1105[299]. [300]m firstly ARIAS ---. m secondly (before 12 Aug 1088) as his first wife, don PEDRO Fróilaz de Traba, son of don FROILA Vermúdez & his wife doña Elvira de Faro (-before 3 May 1126). Urraca & her first husband had one child:

(a) don FROILA Arias.

D. FAMILY of VIMARA Pérez

VIMARA Pérez, son of --- (-Coruña, Galicia 873). Conde in 868. Alfonso III King of Leon charged him with the repopulation of Braga [301].

m ---. The name of Vimara's wife is not known.

Vimara & his wife had one child:

1. LUCIDIO Vímaraz (-after 922). There is no documentary proof that Lucidio was the son of Vimara Pérez, but the unusual patronymic indicates that this is probably correct301. Tenente of part of Lugo in 910. "Lucidus…cum consensus uxoris mee Gudilone" donated property "in villa…Fremoseli" to Bishop Gomado by charter dated 1 Oct 915[302]. He was charged with the repopulation of Oporto. "Lucidius Vimarani" is last recorded 12 Jun 922 with Ordoño II King of León in a document relating to the Crestuma[303]. m GUDILONA [Menéndez], daughter of [HERMENEGILDO Gutiérrez & his wife Ermesinda Gatóniz] (-[before 26 Sep 942]). "Lucidus…cum consensus uxoris mee Gudilone" donated property "in villa…Fremoseli" to Bishop Gomado by charter dated 1 Oct 915[304]. De Almeida Fernandes suggests her parentage, although Mattoso emphasises that there is no proof that it is correct[305]. However, four of her supposed sons “…Teodericus Lucidi comes et dux, Rudericus Lucidi comes et dux…Aloytus Lucidi comes et dux…Soharius Lucidi comes et dux…” confirmed the charter dated 26 Sep 942 under which Bishop Rosendo donated property to Celanova, named together in a column which includes the second grouping of lay confirmants, after the column in which the members of the bishop´s immediate family are named[306]. If this parentage is correct, Gudilona must have died before the date of this charter as her supposed sister Aldonza is named in the first column of confirmants. Lucidio & his wife had [five] children:

a) [TEDON Lucídez (-after 26 Sep 942). “…Teodericus Lucidi comes et dux, Rudericus Lucidi comes et dux, Nunus Hosoriz comes et dux, Aloytus Lucidi comes et dux… Soharius Lucidi comes et dux…” confirmed the charter dated 26 Sep 942 under which Bishop Rosendo donated property to Celanova[307]. Son of Lucidio Vímaraz according to Sáez, although Mattoso comments that he does not appear in the Portuguese documentation[308].]

b) [RODRIGO Lucídez (-after 26 Sep 942). Conde. “…Teodericus Lucidi comes et dux, Rudericus Lucidi comes et dux, Nunus Hosoriz comes et dux, Aloytus Lucidi comes et dux… Soharius Lucidi comes et dux…” confirmed the charter dated 26 Sep 942 under which Bishop Rosendo donated property to Celanova[309].]

c) [ALOITO Lucídez (-after Dec 950). “…Teodericus Lucidi comes et dux, Rudericus Lucidi comes et dux, Nunus Hosoriz comes et dux, Aloytus Lucidi comes et dux… Soharius Lucidi comes et dux…” confirmed the charter dated 26 Sep 942 under which Bishop Rosendo donated property to Celanova[310].]

- see below.

d) [SUERO Lucídez (-after 26 Sep 942). “…Teodericus Lucidi comes et dux, Rudericus Lucidi comes et dux, Nunus Hosoriz comes et dux, Aloytus Lucidi comes et dux… Soharius Lucidi comes et dux…” confirmed the charter dated 26 Sep 942 under which Bishop Rosendo donated property to Celanova[311].]

e) [VERMUDO Lucídez (-after 22 Feb 926). "Aloitus Lucidi, Fredenandus Ouecoz, Fredenandus Alderotiz, Lucidus Aloitis, Froila Gundesindi…Didacus Fernandit conf, Gundesindus Eroni, Ueremudus Lucidi conf…" subscribed the charter dated 22 Feb 926 under which "Ranemirus" [brother of Alfonso IV King of Leon] granted "villa…Crexemir" {Creixomil} to "Ermegildus et Mummadomna"[312]. If it is correct that Vermudo Lucídez was the brother of Aloito Lucídez, his position in the list of subscribers suggests that he was younger.]

ALOITO Lucídez, son of [LUCIDIO Vímaraz & his wife Gudilona] [Menéndez] (-after Dec 950). Named in the 915 document in which his supposed father is also namedError! Bookmark not defined.. “…Alloitus Lucidi…” witnessed the charter dated 21 Oct 923 under which Ordoño II King of León restored the monastery of Santa Coloma in Rioja[313]. "Aloitus Lucidi, Fredenandus Ouecoz, Fredenandus Alderotiz, Lucidus Aloitis, Froila Gundesindi…Didacus Fernandit, Gundesindus Eroni, Ueremudus Lucidi…" subscribed the charter dated 22 Feb 926 under which "Ranemirus" [brother of Alfonso IV King of Leon] granted "villa…Crexemir" {Creixomil} to "Ermegildus et Mummadomna"[314]. “…Teodericus Lucidi comes et dux, Rudericus Lucidi comes et dux, Nunus Hosoriz comes et dux, Aloytus Lucidi comes et dux… Soharius Lucidi comes et dux…” confirmed the charter dated 26 Sep 942 under which Bishop Rosendo donated property to Celanova[315]. ["…Ueremundus rex, Aloito Lucidi…Lucidus Aloitiz…" subscribed the charter dated 18 May 952 (must be redated to before 950) under which "Ranemirus…princeps" [Ramiro II King of Leon] granted "villa nostra propria Mellares" to "Mummadomna"[316]. The anachronistic reference to "Ueremundus rex" suggests that the document is spurious.]

m MUNIA Díaz, daughter of DIEGO Fernández & his wife Oneca --- (-after [973]). "Honecca…cum filiis meis Munna, Ledegundia, Exemenus et Mummadonna" donated property to the monastery of Lorvão by charter dated 5 Dec 928, subscribed by "Honneca, Munnia, Ledegundia, Exemenus Didaz, Mummadomna, Aloytus Lucidi, Roderigus Tedoniz, Ermegildus Gundisaluiz, Gundesindus Didaz…"[317]. The order of the names of the subscribers suggests that the husbands of the donor´s daughters follow their wives, in order. This affiliation of the wife of Aloito Lucídez was proposed by Sáez[318].

Aloito & his wife had five children:

1. TECLA Aloítez (-after 984). "Tegla" donated "in villa…Gundelini", obtained by "parentes nostri domno Aloyto et domna Munia pie memorie", to Lorvão by charter dated 984, subscribed by "Gutierre Didaz, Aloytus Froilaz, Ouecco Uimaraz, Menendo Tedoniz…"[319].

2. LUCIDIO Aloítez (-after 968). "Aloitus Lucidi, Fredenandus Ouecoz, Fredenandus Alderotiz, Lucidus Aloitis, Froila Gundesindi…Didacus Fernandit conf, Gundesindus Eroni, Ueremudus Lucidi conf…" subscribed the charter dated 22 Feb 926 under which "Ranemirus" [brother of Alfonso IV King of Leon] granted "villa…Crexemir" {Creixomil} to "Ermegildus et Mummadomna"[320]. ["…Ueremundus rex, Aloito Lucidi…Lucidus Aloitiz…" subscribed the charter dated 18 May 952 (must be redated to before 950) under which "Ranemirus…princeps" [Ramiro II King of Leon] granted "villa nostra propria Mellares" to "Mummadomna"[321]. The anachronistic reference to "Ueremundus rex" suggests that the document is spurious.] m JIMENA, daughter of ---. Lucidio & his wife had two children:

a) ONECA Lucídez (-after 9 Jun 999). “Rudericus dux condam proliz Uelasconi…cum meos fratres” exchanged property “la vila de Sandulces…en tierra de Castella” with abbot Pedro de Antealtares by charter dated 20 Mar 974, confirmed by “Onega coniux Ruderici ducis…”[322]. “Pelagius…Yriensis et apostolice sedis episcopus, Onega comitissa ad supradicto duce derelicta, item proles illius Onega, Trudilli, Uelasquida, Mumadomna, Ildonzia” donated property, which “pater noster diue memoria dux Rudericus” intended for the monastery, to Celanova charter dated 23 Oct 978[323]. “Honega prolis Lucidi…” confirmed the charter dated 17 Dec 978 under which Pelayo Rodríguez Bishop of Iria donated property to Celanova[324]. "Onecca Lucidi et Rodrigo Erotiz" donated "in villa…Gundelini", which was "de abios nostros Aloytus et Munnia", to Lorvão by charter dated 25 May 985, subscribed by "…Tellus Aloitici, Gundesindus Fredenandiz, Aloitus Froilaz, Gutierre Lucidi, Rodorigo Froilaz…"[325]. “Onega…confessa” donated property to Celanova, for the soul of “bone memorie vir meus…Rudericus Uelasquiz comite”, by charter dated 9 Jun 999[326]. m as his second wife, RODRIGO Velásquez, son of conde VELASCO --- & his wife Trudilde --- (-[17 Jan 977/23 Oct 978]).

b) MENENDO Lucídez . He confirmed documents in 985 and 1014[327].

3. NUÑO Aloítez (-after 26 Jan 959). "Nunus Aloitiz, Menendus Menendi, Tellus Aloitiz, Ueremudo Uermuiz…" subscribed the charter dated 26 Jan 959 under which his supposed maternal aunt "Mummadomna Didaci et Onecce filia", widow of "Ermegildo prolix Gundisalui et Tarasia", donated numerous properties to Vimieiro monastery[328]. m ---. The name of Nuño's wife is not known. Nuño & his wife had one child:

a) ALOITO Núñez (-[1015/16]). He confirmed the 985 donation of his supposed uncle Tello Aloítez.

- see below.

4. TELLO Aloítez (-after 6 Jun [985]). "Nunus Aloitiz, Menendus Menendi, Tellus Aloitiz, Ueremudo Uermuiz…" subscribed the charter dated 26 Jan 959 under which his supposed maternal aunt "Mummadomna Didaci et Onecce filia", widow of "Ermegildo prolix Gundisalui et Tarasia", donated numerous properties to Vimieiro monastery[329]. "Onecca Lucidi et Rodrigo Erotiz" donated "in villa…Gundelini", which was "de abios nostros Aloytus et Munnia", to Lorvão by charter dated 25 May 985, subscribed by "…Tellus Aloitici, Gundesindus Fredenandiz, Aloitus Froilaz, Gutierre Lucidi, Rodorigo Froilaz…"[330]. “Comes Tellus quondam prolis Aloiti…cum uxore mea Mumma Donna” donated property to the monastery of Antealtares by charter dated 6 Jun [985][331]. m MUNIADOMNA, daughter of --- (-after 6 Jun [985]). “Comes Tellus quondam prolis Aloiti…cum uxore mea Mumma Donna” donated property to the monastery of Antealtares by charter dated 6 Jun [985][332]. Tello & his wife had [one possible child]:

a) [ALOITO Téllez . m CHAMOA, daughter of ---.]

5. ELVIRA Aloítez (-after 969). "Sisnandus…sci. Iacobi apostoli et Iriensis sedis episcopus…cum genitore meo Hermegildo" donated property to Sobrado by charter dated 30 Dec 955, subscribed by "Rudericus Hermegildi prolis, Giluira coniux Ruderici…"[333]. Her parents are named by Mattoso[334]. "Rudericus et uxor mea…Giluira" donated property to Santiago by charter dated 15 Nov 959, signed by "Rudericus Menendiz, Giluira Aluitiz"[335]. m RODRIGO Menéndez, son of HERMENEGILDO Aloítez [Menendo] & his wife Paterna Gundesíndez (-after 966).

ALOITO Núñez, son of [NUÑO Aloítez & his wife ---] (-[1015/16]). He confirmed the 985 donation of his supposed uncle Tello Aloítez. He succeeded Menendo González as governor of the condado portucalense. He was in the castle of Vermoim when the Normans attacked the area in [1015/16][336].

m GONTINA, daughter of ---.

Aloito & his wife had three children:

1. NUÑO Aloítez (-1028). "Adefonsus…princeps ad vicem…filiis meis etiam…domna Mummadomna" donated property "qui fuerunt de parentes nostri dux Menendus Gondisalui et Tuta Domna…in...villa Aminitello…" to "Petro Aloitiz" and Vimieiro monastery, with the consent of "comite Nunus Aloitiz et uxori eius comitissa domna Ilduara…et comitissa domna Onneca…et comitissa Tuda Uegillaz et filiis meis Ermegildus et Lupe", by charter dated 3 Sep 1025[337]. Conde. m ILDUARA Menéndez, daughter of conde MENENDO González & his wife Muniadomna [Todadomna] ---. "Adefonsus…princeps ad vicem…filiis meis etiam…domna Mummadomna" donated property "qui fuerunt de parentes nostri dux Menendus Gondisalui et Tuta Domna…in...villa Aminitello…" to "Petro Aloitiz" and Vimieiro monastery, with the consent of "comite Nunus Aloitiz et uxori eius comitissa domna Ilduara…et comitissa domna Onneca…et comitissa Tuda Uegillaz et filiis meis Ermegildus et Lupe", by charter dated 3 Sep 1025[338]. Nuño & his wife had three children:

a) MENENDO Núñez . Governor of the condado portucalense. m ---. The name of Menendo's wife is not known. Menendo & his wife had one child:

i) NUÑO Menéndez (-killed in battle Pedroso 1071). The Chronicon Lusitanum records that “Comitem Nuno Menediz” led a rebellion against “Regem Donnum Garciam, fratrem Regis Donni Fernandi” in 1109 (adjusted to 1071) but was killed[339]. m GONCIÑA, daughter of ---. Nuño & his wife had one child:

(a) LOBA [Aurovelido] Núñez . m SISNANDO Davides (-1092). He was captured by al-Mutadid, ruler of Seville, but became his respected adviser. Thereafter he entered the service of Fernando I King of Castile[340]. Alvasil de Coimbra. Sisnando & his wife had one child:

(1) ELVIRA Sisnandes (-after 1087). m MARTIM Moniz, son of MONIO Fromariques of the family of Riba-Douro.

b) GONTRODO Núñez . m conde VASCO ---.

c) MUNIO Núñez (-before 1121).

2. PEDRO Aloítez (-1070). "Adefonsus…princeps ad vicem…filiis meis etiam…domna Mummadomna" donated property "qui fuerunt de parentes nostri dux Menendus Gondisalui et Tuta Domna…in...villa Aminitello…" to "Petro Aloitiz" and Vimieiro monastery, with the consent of "comite Nunus Aloitiz et uxori eius comitissa domna Ilduara…et comitissa domna Onneca…et comitissa Tuda Uegillaz et filiis meis Ermegildus et Lupe", by charter dated 3 Sep 1025[341]. Abbot of the monastery of Guimarães from 1042 to 1070.

3. LOBA Aloítez (-after 1016). She lived at Arentim and was cited in a 1016 document with her supposed mother[342].

E. FAMILY of RODRIGO VELÁSQUEZ

1. VELASCO . “Petrus et uxor mea Uillonem” exchanged property “la vila de Verín” with “Uelasco et uxor tua Trudilli” by charter dated 11 Sep 931, confirmed by “Onega coniux Ruderici ducis…”[343]. m TRUDILDE, daughter of ---. Velasco & his wife had [three or more] children:

a) RODRIGO Velásquez (-[17 Jan 977/23 Oct 978]). “Hordonius prolis regis, Sancius prolis regis, Rudericus Uelasquiz, Hordonius prolis domni Adefonsi regis” confirmed the charter dated 13 Jun 950 under which Bishop Rosendo agreed territorial boundaries with the inhabitants of Villaza[344]. This position in the list of subscribers in the middle of members of the royal family highlights Rodrigo´s importance at court. “…Rudericus Uelasconius…” confirmed the charter dated 28 Mar 959 under which King Sancho I donated property to Celanova[345]. “Rudericus dux condam proliz Uelasconi…cum meos fratres” exchanged property “la vila de Sandulces…en tierra de Castella” with abbot Pedro de Antealtares by charter dated 20 Mar 974, confirmed by “Onega coniux Ruderici ducis…”[346]. “Rudericus prolis Uelasconi, Pelagius diaconus prolis Rudericus ducis” confirmed a charter dated 17 Jan 977 under which Bishop Rosendo conceded the monastery of Celanova to his successor[347]. His date of death is set by the charter dated 23 Oct 978 under which “Pelagius…Yriensis et apostolice sedis episcopus, Onega comitissa ad supradicto duce derelicta, item proles illius Onega, Trudilli, Uelasquida, Mumadomna, Ildonzia” donated property, which “pater noster diue memoria dux Rudericus” intended for the monastery, to Celanova[348]. m firstly ADOSINDA Gunterícez, daughter of GUNTERICO Arias & his wife Gontrodo González. Her name, and her mother´s name, are confirmed by the charter dated 8 Oct 988 under which her daughter “Uelasquita confessa, prolis Rudericus et Adosinde” donated property “la vila de Feá” to the monastery of Santa María de Mezonzo, for the souls of “viri nostri Munneonis…avia nostra diue memorie domne Gunterotis” (having inherited the property from the latter)[349]. m secondly ONECA Lucídez, daughter of LUCIDIO Aloítez & his wife Jimena --- (-after 9 Jun 999). “Rudericus dux condam proliz Uelasconi…cum meos fratres” exchanged property “la vila de Sandulces…en tierra de Castella” with abbot Pedro de Antealtares by charter dated 20 Mar 974, confirmed by “Onega coniux Ruderici ducis…”[350]. “Pelagius…Yriensis et apostolice sedis episcopus, Onega comitissa ad supradicto duce derelicta, item proles illius Onega, Trudilli, Uelasquida, Mumadomna, Ildonzia” donated property, which “pater noster diue memoria dux Rudericus” intended for the monastery, to Celanova charter dated 23 Oct 978[351]. “Honega prolis Lucidi…” confirmed the charter dated 17 Dec 978 under which Pelayo Rodríguez Bishop of Iria donated property to Celanova[352]. "Onecca Lucidi et Rodrigo Erotiz" donated "in villa…Gundelini", which was "de abios nostros Aloytus et Munnia", to Lorvão by charter dated 25 May 985, subscribed by "…Tellus Aloitici, Gundesindus Fredenandiz, Aloitus Froilaz, Gutierre Lucidi, Rodorigo Froilaz…"[353]. “Onega…confessa” donated property to Celanova, for the soul of “bone memorie vir meus…Rudericus Uelasquiz comite”, by charter dated 9 Jun 999[354]. Rodrigo & his first wife had six children:

i) ONECA Rodríguez (-after 23 Oct 978). “Pelagius…Yriensis et apostolice sedis episcopus, Onega comitissa ad supradicto duce derelicta, item proles illius Onega, Trudilli, Uelasquida, Mumadomna, Ildonzia” donated property, which “pater noster diue memoria dux Rudericus” intended for the monastery, to Celanova charter dated 23 Oct 978[355].

ii) TRUDILDE Rodríguez (-after 23 Oct 978). “Pelagius…Yriensis et apostolice sedis episcopus, Onega comitissa ad supradicto duce derelicta, item proles illius Onega, Trudilli, Uelasquida, Mumadomna, Ildonzia” donated property, which “pater noster diue memoria dux Rudericus” intended for the monastery, to Celanova charter dated 23 Oct 978[356].

iii) VELASQUITA Rodríguez (-after 29 Jun 997). “Pelagius…Yriensis et apostolice sedis episcopus, Onega comitissa ad supradicto duce derelicta, item proles illius Onega, Trudilli, Uelasquida, Mumadomna, Ildonzia” donated property, which “pater noster diue memoria dux Rudericus” intended for the monastery, to Celanova charter dated 23 Oct 978[357]. “Uelasquita confessa, prolis Rudericus et Adosinde” donated property “la vila de Feá” to the monastery of Santa María de Mezonzo, for the souls of “viri nostri Munneonis…avia nostra diue memorie domne Gunterotis” (having inherited the property from the latter), by charter dated 8 Oct 988 confirmed by “Teobaldus Munionis” for “matris mee”[358]. “Uelasquida confessa, prolis Ruderiz et Adosinde” property acquired by her and “viro meo diue memorie Munius Godesteiz” to Celanova, for their souls, by charter dated 27 Jun 997[359]. m MUNIO Godestéiz, son of GODESTEO --- & his wife --- (-[-before 8 Oct 988]). Munio & his wife had one child:

(a) TEOBALDO Muñoz (-after 8 Oct 988). “Uelasquita confessa, prolis Rudericus et Adosinde” donated property to the monastery of Santa María de Mezonzo, for the souls of “viri nostri Munneonis…avia nostra diue memorie domne Gunterotis”, by charter dated 8 Oct 988 confirmed by “Teobaldus Munionis” for “matris mee”[360].

iv) PELAYO Rodríguez (-after 30 Dec 989). Deacon. “Rudericus prolis Uelasconi, Pelagius diaconus prolis Rudericus ducis” confirmed a charter dated 17 Jan 977 under which Bishop Rosendo conceded the monastery of Celanova to his successor[361]. Bishop of Iria, Bishop of Compostela. The Historia Compostelana names “Pelagius…filius comitis Ruderici Velasqui” as successor of Sisnando as bishop of Compostela[362]. “Pelagius…Yriensis et apostolice sedis episcopus, Onega comitissa ad supradicto duce derelicta, item proles illius Onega, Trudilli, Uelasquida, Mumadomna, Ildonzia” donated property, which “pater noster diue memoria dux Rudericus” intended for the monastery, to Celanova charter dated 23 Oct 978[363]. Pelayo Rodríguez Bishop of Iria donated property to Celanova by charter dated 17 Dec 978, confirmed by “Honega prolis Lucidi…”[364]. “Pelagius…pastor…sedis apostolice Iacobi beati” donated property, for the soul of “genitoris mei domni Ruderici ducis”, to Celanova charter dated 11 Sep 982[365]. His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 30 Dec 989 under which “Pelagius episcopus prolis Ruderici et Adosinde” granted property to one of the monks at the monastery of Celanova[366].

v) MUNIADOMNA Rodríguez (-after 9 Jun 999). “Pelagius…Yriensis et apostolice sedis episcopus, Onega comitissa ad supradicto duce derelicta, item proles illius Onega, Trudilli, Uelasquida, Mumadomna, Ildonzia” donated property, which “pater noster diue memoria dux Rudericus” intended for the monastery, to Celanova charter dated 23 Oct 978[367]. “…Pelagius Froilaz, Mumadona prolis Ruderigiz…” confirmed the charter dated 9 Jun 999 under which “Onega…confessa” donated property to Celanova, for the soul of “bone memorie vir meus…Rudericus Uelasquiz comite”[368].

vi) ILDONZA Rodríguez (-after 23 Oct 978). “Pelagius…Yriensis et apostolice sedis episcopus, Onega comitissa ad supradicto duce derelicta, item proles illius Onega, Trudilli, Uelasquida, Mumadomna, Ildonzia” donated property, which “pater noster diue memoria dux Rudericus” intended for the monastery, to Celanova charter dated 23 Oct 978[369].

b) sons . Their existence is confirmed by the charter dated 20 Mar 974 under which “Rudericus dux condam proliz Uelasconi…cum meos fratres” exchanged property “la vila de Sandulces…en tierra de Castella” with abbot Pedro de Antealtares[370].

1. ORDOÑO Velásquez (-after 1 Oct 982). A charter dated 1 Oct 982 under which “Odoyno diacono” transferred the church of Santa Comba de Bande to Celanova monastery records that “comes Ordonius Uelasquoz” gave “filio suo Guttier” to be brought up by Bishop Hermegildo and that “ipse Ordonius…cum coniuge sua Ermesinda” donated property[371]. m ERMESINDA Gutiérrez, daughter of GUTIERRE Osóriz & his wife Aldonza Menéndez. A charter dated 1 Oct 982 under which “Odoyno diacono” transferred the church of Santa Comba de Bande to Celanova monastery records that “comes Ordonius Uelasquoz” gave “filio suo Guttier” to be brought up by Bishop Hermegildo and that “ipse Ordonius…cum coniuge sua Ermesinda” donated property[372]. 935-992. Ordoño & his wife had four children:

a) GUTIERRE Ordóñez . A charter dated 1 Oct 982 under which “Odoyno diacono” transferred the church of Santa Comba de Bande to Celanova monastery records that “comes Ordonius Uelasquoz” gave “filio suo Guttier” to be brought up by Bishop Hermegildo and that “ipse Ordonius…cum coniuge sua Ermesinda” donated property[373].

b) ÍÑIGO Ordóñez (-after 9 Jan 941). “…Ennigus Ordoniz, Vermudus Ordoniz, Velascus Ordoniz…” confirmed the charter dated 9 Jan 941 under which “Guttierr et Yldonzia…cum filiis filiabusque nostris” donated property to Celanova[374]. m ---. The name of Íñigo's wife is not known. Íñigo & his wife had one child:

i) ORDOÑO Iñíguez .

c) VERMUDO Ordóñez (-after 9 Jan 941). “…Ennigus Ordoniz, Vermudus Ordoniz, Velascus Ordoniz…” confirmed the charter dated 9 Jan 941 under which “Guttierr et Yldonzia…cum filiis filiabusque nostris” donated property to Celanova[375].

d) VELASCO Ordóñez (-after 9 Jan 941). “…Ennigus Ordoniz, Vermudus Ordoniz, Velascus Ordoniz…” confirmed the charter dated 9 Jan 941 under which “Guttierr et Yldonzia…cum filiis filiabusque nostris” donated property to Celanova[376].

Chapter 2. FAMILY of MUNIO DÍAZ

Details of the ancestry of the mother of Pedro Díaz de Valle can be reconstructed from the 1089 document of his parents, recorded at the monastery of Sahagún, together with an earlier document of 1059. Through his maternal grandmother, Pedro was related to the Beni Gómez family, which must have been one of the elements which contributed to the family's prestige.

1. DIEGO . m ---. The name of Diego´s wife is not known. Diego & his wife had [three] children:

a) MUNIO Díaz .

- see below.

b) [ALFONSO Díaz (-[1024/28]). It is not certain that Alfonso Díaz was the brother of Munio Díaz. However, the connection with the monastery of Santillana del Mar suggests a family relationship. He may have been related to the Condes de Saldaña as his name appears in numerous documents of the Beni Gómez family, the two families also sharing interests in the same properties over the years[377]. He confirmed a donation by conde García Gómez Conde de Saldaña of Calzadilla de Cueza dated 15 May 984, exchanged land in Piniares 6 Mar 997 with Justa[378], and confirmed a sale in 1006[379]. Conde. “Adefonsus prolix de Didacus y su mujer María” donated property “la viña…en territorio de la Liébana” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 16 Nov 1021[380].]

- GIRÓN: the “ALFONSO” FAMILY.

c) [SANCHA Díaz (-after [1031]). “Pedro Gontsalviz y su mujer Sancia Didaz, y Vita Vermudiz con sus hijos” donated property “en Treceñno” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated [1031][381]. m PEDRO González, son of GONZALO & his wife --- (-after 12 Jul [1047]). “Pedro Guntsalbiz…con sus hermanos Assur Reguntsalbiz y Munio Guntsalbiz” donated property “sus casas de Ckaoprices [Caobreces]” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 12 Jul [1047][382].

MUNIO Díaz, son of DIEGO --- & his wife --- .

m ELVIRA, daughter of ---.

Munio & his wife had [five] children:

1. [SANCHO Muñoz (-[before 1 Sep 986]). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1 Sep 986 under which his son-in-law "Osorio Didaci" donated property to Sahagún naming "Tegridia genetrix Osorio Didaci…uxor Osorio Didaci dive memorie Sanzie filie Sanctionis et Ildonze…Munnio Didaci abio uxoris Osorio Didaci"[383]. However, it is not certain that Sancho Muñoz was the son of the same Munio Diaz who is shown above. The death of his daughter before 986 suggests that she may not have been of the same generation as her supposed cousins, children of Rodrigo Muñoz, but on the other hand nothing is known of her age when she died.] m ILDONZA Fróilaz, daughter of FROILA Gutiérrez & his wife Flámula --- (-[before 1 Sep 986]). King Vermudo II donated property to Celanova by charter dated 1 Sep 996 which names “Froila Gutterriz et uxor eius Flamule” and their successor and child “Ildontie” who left “filiam Santia” who married “Osorius Didaci” who rebelled against the king and whose property was donated[384]. "Osorio Didaci" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 1 Sep 986, which names "Tegridia genetrix Osorio Didaci…uxor Osorio Didaci dive memorie Sanzie filie Sanctionis et Ildonze…Munnio Didaci abio uxoris Osorio Didaci"[385]. Sancho & his wife had one child:

a) SANCHA Sánchez (-before 5 Dec 986). King Vermudo II donated property to Celanova by charter dated 1 Sep 996 which names “Froila Gutterriz et uxor eius Flamule” and their successor and child “Ildontie” who left “filiam Santia” who married “Osorius Didaci” who rebelled against the king and whose property was donated[386]. "Osorio Didaci" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 1 Sep 986, which names "Tegridia genetrix Osorio Didaci…uxor Osorio Didaci dive memorie Sanzie filie Sanctionis et Ildonze…Munnio Didaci abio uxoris Osorio Didaci"[387]. m OSORIO Díaz de Saldaña, son of conde DIEGO Muñoz & his wife Tegridia --- ([930]-after 5 Dec 986).

2. [ROMÁN Muñoz .] m ARGILO Rodaniz, daughter of RODANO [Díaz] & his wife Fronilde Fernández. Romano & his wife had five children:

a) MUNIO Románez .

b) RODANO Románez .

c) SENDINA Románez (-after 26 Feb 1026). “Doña Sendina” donated property “en territorio de la Liébana, en la villa de Casiellas” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 16 Nov 1021[388]. “Sendina, Iuliana y Xemena, hijas de Romano y de Argylo” donated property “en Castello, llamado Misleo” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 26 Feb 1026[389].

d) JULIANA Románez . “Sendina, Iuliana y Xemena, hijas de Romano y de Argylo” donated property “en Castello, llamado Misleo” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 26 Feb 1026[390]. She and her sister Jimena are named in a 1026 document relating to land at Santillana which they inherited from their maternal grandfather[391].

e) JIMENA Románez . “Sendina, Iuliana y Xemena, hijas de Romano y de Argylo” donated property “en Castello, llamado Misleo” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 26 Feb 1026[392].

3. RODRIGO Muñoz (-after 29 Sep 1028). “Roderico Munioz y su mujer doña Iusta” sold property “tierras…una en Arceda, junto al término de Sona, otra junto al rio Salio y otra en Cubillas” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 1 Dec 1020[393].

- see below.

4. MUNIADOMNA Muñoz (-after [1038/56]). “Doña Moniadonna hija de Monnio Didaz y de doña Gelvira” donated property “la iglesia de Santiago, en el valle de Egunna, en el lugar de Caçarone” to Santillana del Mar, for the soul of “su marido Nunno Gutiérrez”, by charter dated 18 Jan 1017[394]. She became a nun at Santillana in 1017[395]. [“Doña Moniadonna” donated property “en el lugar de Navamuelle y en Leu” to Santillana del Mar, for the soul of “su sobrino Gutierre”, by charter dated to [1038/56][396].] m NUÑO Gutiérrez, son of GUTIERRE Rodaniz & his wife --- (-before 1017).

5. [VELA Muñoz (-after 9 Sep 1025). “Doña Eylo” donated property “en la villa de Egollo de Camargo” which she bought from “Obieco Monioz”, for “su marido Velliti Moniz”, to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 15 Feb 1023[397]. m EILO, daughter of --- (-after 9 Sep 1025). “Doña Eylo” donated property “en la villa de Egollo de Camargo” which she bought from “Obieco Monioz”, for “su marido Velliti Moniz”, to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 15 Feb 1023[398]. “Doña Eylo” donated property “en la villa de Egollo de Camargo” which she bought from “Obieco Monioz”, for “su marido Velliti Moniz”, to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 9 Sep 1025[399].]

6. [OVECO Muñoz . “Doña Eylo” donated property “en la villa de Egollo de Camargo” which she bought from “Obieco Monioz”, for “su marido Velliti Moniz”, to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 15 Feb 1023[400].]

RODRIGO Muñoz, son of MUNIO Díaz & his wife Elvira --- (-after 29 Sep 1028). “Roderico Munioz y su mujer doña Iusta” sold property “tierras…una en Arceda, junto al término de Sona, otra junto al rio Salio y otra en Cubillas” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 1 Dec 1020[401]. He was judge in the region of la Montaña between 1020 and 1028. “Roderico Munioz y su mujer Iusta” donated property “una tierra…en Bareta” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 1 Dec 1021[402]. He subscribed a 29 Sep 1028 document of the monastery of Cardeña[403].

m JUSTA, daughter of ---. “Roderico Munioz y su mujer doña Iusta” sold property “tierras…una en Arceda, junto al término de Sona, otra junto al rio Salio y otra en Cubillas” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 1 Dec 1020[404].

Rodrigo & his wife had one child:

1. MUNIO Rodríguez . He subscribed (his paternal aunt) Muniadonna's 18 Jan 1017 at Santillana[405]. Conde 1025. He was one of the assassins of García Sánchez Conde de Castilla in 1029[406]. m ADOSINDA "Razel", daughter of ---. Munio & his wife had two children:

a) FERNANDO Muñoz (-after 1 May 1043). Conde de Astorga. 1040. ["El conde Fernando y la condesa María su mujer" exchanged property "in ualle de Uilla Ceiddi" with "doña Marina" by charter dated 1 May 1043[407]. The location of the property exchanged suggests that "doña Marina" in this document was Marina Vimaraz. If this is correct, the other parties to the transaction were probably her husband´s brother and sister-in-law.[ [m MARÍA, daughter of ---. "El conde Fernando y la condesa María su mujer" exchanged property "in ualle de Uilla Ceiddi" with "doña Marina" by charter dated 1 May 1043[408].]

b) OVECO Muñoz (-[16 Sep 1042/1 May 1043]). "Oveco Munioz y su mujer Marina con sus hijos" donated "los barrios de Santa María, Gallegos y Sotanillos" to the monastery of San Salvador "en Rioseco y en Villa Cete", which they had founded, by charter dated 16 Sep 1042[409]. Potestas en Tordesillas. m MARINA Vímaraz, daughter of --- (-after 16 Sep 1042). Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 7 Apr 1029 under which her daughter "Fronilde cognomento Aur Velita hija de Oveco Muniz y Marina Vimaraz" donated property inherited from her parents "in Mez de Maruane et in Xaharic et in Pantigosos" to the monastery of San Salvador de Villa Ceide, founded by her parents[410]. "Oveco Munioz y su mujer Marina con sus hijos" donated "los barrios de Santa María, Gallegos y Sotanillos" to the monastery of San Salvador "en Rioseco y en Villa Cete", which they had founded, by charter dated 16 Sep 1042[411]. "El conde Fernando y la condesa María su mujer" exchanged property "in ualle de Uilla Ceiddi" with "doña Marina" by charter dated 1 May 1043[412]. The location of the property exchanged suggests that "doña Marina" in this document was Marina Vimaraz, the absence of her husband suggesting that he had recently died. If this is correct, the other parties to the transaction were probably her husband´s brother and sister-in-law. Oveco & his wife had two children:

i) don PEDRO Ovéquiz (-after 1059). "Pedro Ovequiz y su mujer Aldonza" donated their part of "Marban junto al Araduey, en Galleguellos, en Valdespino y en Zorita" to Sahagún by charter dated 20 Nov 1048[413]. "Pedro Ovequiz y su mujer Eldonza Moniz" donated property in "Villa Curta" to Sahagún by charter dated 1059[414]. m doña ILDONZA [Eslonza] Muñoz, daughter of don MUNIO Johannes & his wife doña Gotina Gutiérrez (-after 9 Feb 1074). "Pedro Ovequiz y su mujer Aldonza" donated their part of "Marban junto al Araduey, en Galleguellos, en Valdespino y en Zorita" to Sahagún by charter dated 20 Nov 1048[415]. "Pedro Ovequiz y su mujer Eldonza Moniz" donated property in "Villa Curta" to Sahagún by charter dated 1059[416]. "Ildonza y sus hijos Facundo y Gotina" donated property "en Galleguillos, territorio de Melgar" to "Dominico Elaz" by charter dated 11 Nov 1068[417]. "Eslonza y sus hijos Facundo y Gontina" donated property "en Gallekellos" to Sahagun by charter dated 9 Feb 1074[418]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 1089 under which her granddaughter "Gotina Petriz…nepta de…Donna Gotina [Gutierriz] et de Monio Joanes…cum filiis meis Petro Didaz Ferrando Didaz Facunde Didaz" committed to rebuilding the monastery of Galleguillos and donating it to Sahagún[419]. Pedro & his wife had two children:

(a) don FACUNDO Pérez (-after 1100). "Ildonza y sus hijos Facundo y Gotina" donated property "en Galleguillos, territorio de Melgar" to "Dominico Elaz" by charter dated 11 Nov 1068[420]. "Eslonza y sus hijos Facundo y Gontina" donated property "en Gallekellos" to Sahagun by charter dated 9 Feb 1074[421]. 1080 1100. Mayordomo of Infanta Sancha de León.

(b) doña GOTINA Pérez (-after 31 May 1096). "Ildonza y sus hijos Facundo y Gotina" donated property "en Galleguillos, territorio de Melgar" to "Dominico Elaz" by charter dated 11 Nov 1068[422]. "Eslonza y sus hijos Facundo y Gontina" donated property "en Gallekellos" to Sahagun by charter dated 9 Feb 1074[423]. "Gotina Petriz…nepta de…Donna Gotina [Gutierriz] et de Monio Joanes…cum filiis meis Petro Didaz Ferrando Didaz Facunde Didaz" committed to rebuilding the monastery of Galleguillos and donating it to Sahagún monastery by charter dated 1089[424]. She made a donation of land in the "valle de Flanera", San Salvador de Rode, belonging to her late husband in 1094, in which her children Pedro, Pelayo and Gontrodo are named [425]. "Gotina Petriz y sus hijos Pedro y Fernando Didaz" donated property "en la villa…Quintana y en Otero y en Riaño" to Sahagun by charter dated 31 May 1096[426]. m don DIEGO Gutiérrez, son of --- (-before 1094).

ii) doña FRONILDE "Aur Velita" . "Fronilde cognomento Aur Velita hija de Oveco Muniz y Marina Vimaraz" donated property inherited from her parents "in Mez de Maruane et in Xaharic et in Pantigosos" to the monastery of San Salvador de Villa Ceide, founded by her parents, by charter dated 7 Apr 1029[427].

c) RODRIGO Muñoz (-after [1065]). “Rodrigo Moñiz, hijo del conde Munio Rodriguez” exchanged property “la villa de Villa Cagin por otras Vilas en Figueras y en Adralés” with “la condesa Aldonza” by charter dated [1065][428].

d) [doña ALDONZA Muñoz (-after [1065]). “El conde Piñolo y la condesa Aldonza” bought property “la mitad de Veiga de Meredo” from “Auria Pinioliz” by charter dated 1026[429]. “Los condes Piñolo Jiménez y Aldonza Muñoz” donated property to the monastery of San Juan de Corias by charter dated 1044[430]. “La condesa Aldonza” exchanged property with the monastery of San Juan de Corias by charter dated 1052[431]. “La condesa Aldonza” built the monastery of “San Martín de Mántara, junto al río Poleiana” and donated it to the monastery of San Juan de Corias by charter dated 1054[432]. “La condesa Aldonza” donated property “la vila de Palacio que había comprador a Felix Sarraciniz” to the monastery of San Juan de Corias by charter dated [1065][433]. “Rodrigo Moñiz, hijo del conde Munio Rodriguez” exchanged property “la villa de Villa Cagin por otras Vilas en Figueras y en Adralés” with “la condesa Aldonza” by charter dated [1065][434]. There are two possibilities for her parentage. Salazar Acha shows Aldonza Muñoz, wife of Piñolo Jiménez, as doña Aldonza Muñoz, daughter of Munio Rodríguez & his wife condesa Anderquina Fróilaz, but he does not note the sources on which this is based[435]. However, this last charter dated [1065] in which she is named suggests a different parentage which, if correct, could mean that she was the daughter of conde Munio Rodríguez & his wife Adosinda “Razel”. m conde don PIÑOLO Jiménez, son of don JIMENO Jiménez & his wife doña Aragonta [Pinioliz] (-22 May 1049, bur San Juan de Corias).]

Chapter 3. AZA

ORDOÑO Ramírez, son of RAMIRO III "Flavio" King of León & his wife Sancha Gómez ([980/84]-[1017/24]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He is recorded at the court of León in 1014 and 1017, but presumably mainly lived at Oviedo[436]. He was blind, according to the Chronicon Regum Legionensium[437].

m CRISTINA Vermúdez de León, [illegitimate] daughter of VERMUDO II King of León & [his first wife Velasquita Ramírez or his mistress Velasquita ---] (-before 1051). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Infanta Cristina" as the daughter of King Vermudo II by "a country girl named Velasquita, who was the daughter of Mantello and Bellalla from Miero near Monte Copián", stating that she married "the son of the Infante Ramiro, the Infante Ordoño, who was blind"[438]. It is uncertain how accurate this report can be. The charter dated 31 May “era quinquagesima decima secunda super milessimam” [1062?=1024], under which “Christina” donated property to the monastery of San Salvador de Corneliana founded by her and “viro et Dno nostro dive memoriæ Dno Ordonio”, is confirmed (signing first among the subscribers) by “Velasquita regina...”[439]. It is unclear why the queen, ex-wife of King Vermudo II, would have subscribed the document unless she had not been the donor´s mother. If that is correct, the Chronicon may reflect an attempt to blacken Queen Velasquita’s name, first launched after her divorce and later repeated in this source. Cristina is recorded as dead in a document of Oviedo cathedral dated 1051[440]. Cristina is recorded as dead in a document of Oviedo cathedral dated 1051[441].

Ordoño Ramírez & his wife had [five] children:

1. ALFONSO Ordóñez (-killed in battle Erolamego [1050]). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Alfonso Ordóñez, Sancha Ordóñez and countess Eldonza who was the wife of Pelayo Fróilaz who was a deacon" as the children of "the son of the Infante Ramiro, the Infante Ordoño, who was blind" & his wife[442]. The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum…Ordonium, Pelagiam comitissam et Eldonciam" as the children of "Christina…ex infante Ordonio cœco filio Ramiri regis"[443]. Conde by 1047[444]. m FRONILDE, daughter of --- (-after 1052). Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1052 under which her daughter “Enderquina Adefonsi” sold property “su heredad…de su padre Alfonso Ordoni y de su madre doña Fronildi” to “su hermana doña Cristina”[445]. Alfonso & his wife had two children:

a) CRISTINA Alfonso (-after 1052). “Enderquina Adefonsi” sold property “su heredad…de su padre Alfonso Ordoni y de su madre doña Fronildi” to “su hermana doña Cristina” by charter dated 1052[446].

b) ENDERQUINA Alfonso (-after 1052). “Enderquina Adefonsi” sold property “su heredad…de su padre Alfonso Ordoni y de su madre doña Fronildi” to “su hermana doña Cristina” by charter dated 1052[447].

2. [ORDOÑO Ordóñez (-after 1072). The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum…Ordonium, Pelagiam comitissam et Eldonciam" as the children of "Christina…ex infante Ordonio cœco filio Ramiri regis"[448]. Son of Ordoño Ramírez according to Torres Sevilla[449], but Salazar y Acha[450] says he was the son of Ordoño Fafílaz and his wife Anderquina ---.]

- see below.

3. SANCHA Ordóñez . The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Alfonso Ordóñez, Sancha Ordóñez and countess Eldonza who was the wife of Pelayo Fróilaz who was a deacon" as the children of "the son of the Infante Ramiro, the Infante Ordoño, who was blind" & his wife[451].

4. [452][PELAYA Ordóñez . The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum…Ordonium, Pelagiam comitissam et Eldonciam" as the children of "Christina…ex infante Ordonio cœco filio Ramiri regis"[453]. Daughter of Ordoño Ramírez according to Ximénez de Rada. Torres Sevilla points out a 1069 reference to "Palla" wife of Vermudo Armentáriz which specifies no second name, and documents in which Pelaya's son confirms donations of the Ordóñez family[454]. m VERMUDO Armentáriz, son of ---.]

5. ALDONZA Ordóñez . The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Alfonso Ordóñez, Sancha Ordóñez and countess Eldonza who was the wife of Pelayo Fróilaz who was a deacon" as the children of "the son of the Infante Ramiro, the Infante Ordoño, who was blind" & his wife[455]. The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum…Ordonium, Pelagiam comitissam et Eldonciam" as the children of "Christina…ex infante Ordonio cœco filio Ramiri regis", adding that "Eldonciam" married "Pelagii Froylæ"[456]. King Vermudo III granted “la vila de Lapedo…en el territorio de Salcedo, que fue de su abuela la reina Velasquita” and “otra villa…´Framilani´ situada en el territorio de Asma” to “conde Pelayo Fróilaz y a su mujer la condesa Aldonza Ordóñez” by charter dated 4 Oct 1032[457]. m ([1013]) conde PELAYO Fróilaz “el Diácono”, son of conde FROILA Jiménez & his wife --- (-after 22 Dec 1037).

ORDOÑO Ordóñez, son of [ORDOÑO Ramírez de León & his wife Cristina Vermúdez de León] (-after 8 Dec 1072). The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum…Ordonium, Pelagiam comitissam et Eldonciam" as the children of "Christina…ex infante Ordonio cœco filio Ramiri regis"[458]. Son of Ordoño Ramírez according to Torres Sevilla[459], but Salazar y Acha[460] says he was the son of Ordoño Fafílaz and his wife Anderquina ---. He is not named as one of the children of Infante Ordoño in the Chronicon Regum Legionensium[461]. Alférez of Fernando I King of Castile 19 Apr 1042 to 1 Jul 1047[462]. He governed Palenzuela between 1048 and 1072[463]. "Ordonio Ordoniz et uxor mea Anderquina…" confirmed the monastery of Santa María by charter dated 27 May 1072[464].

m ENDERQUINA, daughter of --- (-after 27 May 1072). "Ordonio Ordoniz et uxor mea Anderquina…" confirmed the monastery of Santa María by charter dated 27 May 1072[465].

Ordoño Ordóñez & his wife had [four] children:

1. [466]GARCÍA Ordóñez (-killed in battle Uclés 30 May 1108). Conde 1077.

- see below.

2. [TERESA Ordóñez . “Alvar Diaz y su mujer Teresa Ordóñez” donated the monastery of San Cristóbal to Burgos by charter dated 27 Dec 1107[467]. m ÁLVAR Díaz Señor de Oca, son of DIEGO Álvarez, Señor de Oca & his wife Toda Jiménez (-[1107/08]).

3. RODRIGO Ordóñez (-9 Aug 1091). Alférez of Alfonso VI King of Castile 15 Jul 1081 to 14 May 1087[468].

4. [URRACA Ordóñez . She is not shown in either Torre Sevilla or Sánchez Candeira, unless she was 'Teresa' who is named in the latter. m [as his first wife,] SANCHO Sánchez Señor de Erro y Tafalla, son of SANCHO Macerátez & his [second] wife Andregoto --- (-after [1127]).]

GARCÍA Ordóñez, son of ORDOÑO Ordóñez & his wife Anderquina --- (-killed in battle Uclés 30 May 1108). Alférez of Alfonso VI King of Castile 1074[469]. He supported Abd Allah Emir of Granada when he invaded the emirate of Seville, but was defeated by Rodrigo Díaz at Cabra[470]. Señor de Nájera y Grañón. Conde. "Aldefonsus totus Ispanie rex" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1077, witnessed by "Garsias comes de Nazara…"[471]. “Comite Garcia Ordoniz, uxor eius comitissa domna Urraka, Ermesindis soror eius…” subscribed the charter dated 18 Apr 1081 under which “Ranimirus filius Garsie regis et Stefanie regina” donated property to Santa María de Nájera[472]. A charter dated 6 Dec 1081, under which "Blasko Milian et uxor mea Monoca" sold property, names "… et in Nagera comite Garcia Hordonioz…" in the dating clause directly following the name of the king[473]. The dating clause of a charter dated 1081, under which "Vita Gomiz…" donated property to the monastery of San Lorenzo de Masoa, names "regnante rege Aldefonso in Legione et in Castella, comite Garsia in Naiara…"[474]. "Senior Didaco Orioliz" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 11 Nov 1084, confirmed by "…comite Garcia Ordonio in Naiera…"[475]. "Domna Iuliana" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1085, confirmed by "…comite Garsia Ordonio in Naiera…"[476]. “Garseanus comes, Urraka soror illius…” confirmed the charter dated 27 May [1085] by which “Renemirus infans, prolis Garseani principis” donated property to Santa María de Nájera[477]. The dating clause of a charter dated 20 Nov 1085, which records the consecration of the church of San Pedro de Llodio, names "…comite Garcia obtinente Nagera et Calahorra…"[478]. "Comite domno Garsea in Naiara" is named in charters concerning donations to the monastery of Valbanera dated between 1085 and 1101[479]. The dating clause of a charter dated 1089, under which "Eximina Didaz" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, names "…comite domno Garsea dominator Naiera et Grannione…"[480]. The dating clause of a charter dated 1092, under which "Monnio Sempron et Dominico Ferrero" bought property at Madriz, names "…dompno Garsia dominante in Naiera et Matrice…"[481]. He was a powerful supporter of Alfonso VI King of Castile and participated in numerous campaigns against the Muslims. "Adefonsus…Ispanie imperator" permitted the abbey of Silos to establish outposts near the abbey, with the consent of "uxoris mee Berte regine", by charter dated 20 Jan [1096/98], confirmed by "Garcia Ordoniz…"[482]. A charter dated 1106 records "eodem anno in die sancti Michaelis" that "comes Garsia" baptised "suum filium in Sancti Emiliani ecclesiam", the dating clause naming "…Garsia comite dominante Calagurra et Naiera…"[483]. "…Garcia Ordonici comes…" subscribed the charter dated 14 May 1107 under which "Adefonsus…Toletani imperii rex…cum…uxore mea Helisabet regina" approved the mint of Santiago de Compostela[484]. The Anales Toledanos record that “Infant D. Sancho è al Conde D. Garcia” were killed “cerca de Uclés III Kal Jun” in 1108[485].

m firstly ([1076]) URRACA de Navarra, daughter of GARCÍA V Sánchez King of Navarre & his wife Stephanie de Foix (-after 1 Feb 1095). “Comite Garcia Ordoniz, uxor eius comitissa domna Urraka, Ermesindis soror eius…” subscribed the charter dated 18 Apr 1081 under which “Ranimirus filius Garsie regis et Stefanie regina” donated property to Santa María de Nájera[486]. "Gassea…comes…cum…coniuge Urracha comitissa" donated property to the monastery of San Adrián de las Palmas by charter dated 13 Aug 1084, subscribed by "Senior Eneco Acenariz"[487]. “Garseanus comes, Urraka soror illius…” confirmed the charter dated 27 May [1085] by which “Renemirus infans, prolis Garseani principis” donated property to Santa María de Nájera[488]. The charter dated 1089, in which "domno comite Garsia et nobilissima et nobilior orta nata dompna Urraca comitissa, dominantibus Naiera" are named, hints at an illustrious ancestry[489]. Her parentage is specified clearly in the charter dated 1 Mar 1145 under which her daughter “Domna Maior filia comitis Garsie et comitisse domne Urrache, filie regis Garsie, filii regis Sanctii maioris” donated “una viña en Calahorra” to Santa María Real de Nájera, for the souls of “filiorum meorum”[490].

m secondly (before 1105) as her first husband, EVA, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Salazar y Castro states[491] that she was doña Eva Pérez de Traba, daughter of don Pedro Froílaz de Traba & his first wife doña Urraca Fróilaz. This tradition goes back further, as Argote Molina stated in 1588 that "doña Eva Perez de Trava…hija de el Conde don Pedro de Trava Señor de Trastamara" was the wife of "el Conde don Garcia que murio en la batalla de Ucles"[492]. Barton says that there is no documentary proof to substantiate this claim[493]. Menéndez Pidal de Navascués[494] suggests that she was a countess of French origin, Szabolcs de Vajay and Salazar[495] hypothesising more specifically that she was the daughter of Aimery [II] Vicomte de Rochechouart whose mother was named Eva, and whose name in the form "Almanricus" may have been the origin of the name "Manrique" given to Eva's son by her second marriage. It is all the more improbable that doña Eva was the daughter of don Pedro Froílaz as her son by her first husband married one of don Pedro's younger daughters, who would have been his aunt if the relationship was correct. Doña Eva married secondly ([late 1108/1109]) don Pedro González de Lara, who later became the lover of doña Urraca Queen of Castile.

Conde García & his first wife had [four] children:

1. [don ÁLVARO García (-after 1089). Salazar y Acha suggests that Álvaro García, alférez of Alfonso VI King of Castile 21 Jul 1087 to 30 Apr 1089, may have been the son of García Ordóñez[496]. However, assuming that the marriage of his supposed parents is correctly estimated to [1076] as shown above, he would have been young to have held office at court at that time.]

2. doña ELVIRA García . Barton names "Elvira, Fernando, Mayor" as the children of García Ordóñez and his first wife but does not cite the corresponding primary sources on which this information is based[497].

3. don FERNANDO García . Barton names "Elvira, Fernando, Mayor" as the children of García Ordóñez and his first wife but does not cite the corresponding primary sources on which this information is based[498].

4. doña MAYOR García . Barton names "Elvira, Fernando, Mayor" as the children of García Ordóñez and his first wife but does not cite the corresponding primary sources on which this information is based[499]. “Domna Maior filia comitis Garsie et comitisse domne Urrache, filie regis Garsie, filii regis Sanctii maioris” donated “una viña en Calahorra” to Santa María Real de Nájera, for the souls of “filiorum meorum”, by charter dated 1 Mar 1145[500]. m conde don GÓMEZ Peláez, son of don PELAYO Gómez & his wife doña Elvira Muñoz (-1118).

Conde García & his second wife had one child:

5. don GARCÍA García de Aza (1106, before 29 Sep-16 Dec 1160). Salazar y Castro records his parentage[501]. A charter dated 1106 records "eodem anno in die sancti Michaelis" that "comes Garsia" baptised "suum filium in Sancti Emiliani ecclesiam", the dating clause naming "…Garsia comite dominante Calagurra et Naiera…"[502]. The primary source which names his mother has not yet been identified. The Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris records that "…García Garcés…" made peace with Alfonso VII King of Castile after his accession in 1126[503].

- AZA, LERMA.

Chapter 4. FAMILY of ANSUR Gómez

1. GÓMEZ --- . m ---. The name of Gómez's wife is not known. Gómez & his wife had one child:

a) ANSUR Gómez (-after 12 Mar 977). Maiordomo 19 Sep 963, 4 Apr 970 and 12 Mar 977 "maybe a Benigómez", according to Salazar y Acha[504]. "Ansur et uxor Ilduara" bought property from the monks of San Martín by charter dated 20 Dec 973[505]. "Ansur" confirmed his donation to Sahagún by charter dated 11 May 976 which names his wife "Ildoara" and his sons "Pelagii et Petrus"[506]. "Ansur maiordomus in domo regis" confirmed the donation of part of the Villa Pedro to Sahagún monastery 12 Mar 977[507]. m firstly MARÍA, daughter of ---. m secondly ILDUARA, daughter of --- (-after 11 May 976). "Ansur et uxor Ilduara" bought property from the monks of San Martín by charter dated 20 Dec 973[508]. "Ansur" confirmed his donation to Sahagún by charter dated 11 May 976 which names his wife "Ildoara" and his sons "Pelagii et Petrus"[509]. Ansur & his [first/second] wife had two children:

i) PELAYO Ansúrez . "Ansur" confirmed his donation to Sahagún by charter dated 11 May 976 which names his wife "Ildoara" and his sons "Pelagii et Petrus"[510].

ii) PEDRO Ansúrez . "Ansur" confirmed his donation to Sahagún by charter dated 11 May 976 which names his wife "Ildoara" and his sons "Pelagii et Petrus"[511].

Chapter 5. FAMILY of El CID Campeador

A. PATERNAL ANCESTORS

The following genealogy of the ancestors of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, known as el Cid Campeador, is set out in the Historia Roderici[512]. This work says that “this then seems to be the origin of his stock”, suggesting that the lineage is uncertain. The first alleged ancestor, Laín Calvo, was one of the 9th century "judges" of Castile later considered as the founders of the county. It is not known whether he was a historical or purely legendary figure. It has not been possible to corroborate the historical accuracy of this descent from other sources, except the “Corónicas” Navarras as shown below. It should therefore be treated with some caution, at least as far as Laín Núñez, the grandfather of el Cid.

[LAÍN Calvo], son of ---. The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Layn Calbo" as direct paternal ancestor of "Rodric Díaz el Canpeador", stating that he was "anvos iúdiçes de Castieylla"[513]. The Chronicon de Cardeña records the appointment by “los Castellanos [de] dos Alcaydes Nuño Rasuera è Lain Calvo” during the reign of King Fruela, adding that “Roy Diaz el Cid” descended from the latter[514]. As noted above, it is not certain that Laín Calvo was a historical figure.

m [doña TERESA Núñez, daughter of don NUÑO Rasura & his wife ---. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "Lain Calvo" married "D. Teresa Nuñez, hija de Nuño Rasura"[515]. However, this source is of doubtful reliability for the early generations.]

Laín & his wife had [four or more] children:

1. [FERNANDO Laínez . The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Ferrant Layniz et Bermun Layniz" as the two sons of "Layn Calbo"[516]. The Historia Roderici names “Fernán Laínez and Bermudo Laínez” among the “many sons” of “Laín Calvo”[517]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Fernan Lainez, Vermui Lainez, Lain Lainez…" as the children of "Lain Calvo" and his wife "D. Teresa Nuñez, hija de Nuño Rasura"[518]. m ---. The name of Fernando's wife is not known. Fernando & his wife had one child:]

a) [LAÍN Fernández . The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Layn Ferlándiz" as the son of "Ferrant Layniç"[519]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Lain Fernandez" as the son of "Fernan Lainez"[520]. m ---. The name of Laín's wife is not known. Laín & his wife had one child:]

i) [NUÑO Laínez . The Historia Roderici names “Nuño Laínez” as the son of “Laín Fernández”[521].]

- see below.

2. [VERMUDO Laínez . The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Ferrant Layniz et Bermun Layniz" as the two sons of "Layn Calbo"[522]. The Historia Roderici names “Fernán Laínez and Bermudo Laínez” among the “many sons” of “Laín Calvo”[523]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Fernan Lainez, Vermui Lainez, Lain Lainez…" as the children of "Lain Calvo" and his wife "D. Teresa Nuñez, hija de Nuño Rasura"[524]. m ---. The name of Vermudo's wife is not known. Vermudo & his wife had two children:]

a) [RODRIGO Vermúdez . The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Rodric Bermúndiz" as the son of "Bermunt Layniz"[525]. The Historia Roderici names “Rodrigo Bermúdez” as the son of “Bermudo Laínez”[526]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Rodrigo Vermuiz, D. Elvira Vermuiz, de que vienen los de Biscaya" as the children of "Vermui Lainez"[527]. m ---. The name of Rodrigo's wife is not known. Rodrigo & his wife had two children:]

i) [FERNANDO Rodríguez . The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Ferrant Rodríguez" as the son of "Rodric Bermúndez"[528]. The Historia Roderici names “Fernán Rodríguez” as the son of “Rodrigo Bermúdez”[529]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando Rodriguez, D. Mencia Rodriguez" as the children of "Rodrigo Vermuiz"[530]. m ---. The name of Fernando's wife is not known. Fernando & his wife had two children:]

(a) [PEDRO Fernández . The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Pero Ferrandiz et una fija…don Elo" as the children of "Ferrant Rodríguiz"[531]. The Historia Roderici names “Pedro Fernández and a daughter named Eylo” as the children of “Fernán Rodríguez”[532]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando Rodriguez, D. Ello" as the children of "D. Fernando Rodriguez"[533].]

(b) [EILO Fernández . The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Pero Ferrandiz et una fija…don Elo" as the children of "Ferrant Rodríguiz", stating that the latter married "Nuyno Laniz" although it does not state directly the parentage of the latter[534]. The Historia Roderici names “Pedro Fernández and a daughter named Eylo” as the children of “Fernán Rodríguez”, adding that Eilo married “Nuño Laínez”[535]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando Rodriguez, D. Ello" as the children of "D. Fernando Rodriguez", adding in an earlier passage that "Nuño Lainez" married "D. Ello"[536]. m NUÑO Laínez, son of [LAÍN Fernández & his wife ---].]

ii) [doña MENCÍA Rodríguez . The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando Rodriguez, D. Mencia Rodriguez" as the children of "Rodrigo Vermuiz"[537].

b) [ELVIRA Vermúdez . The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Rodrigo Vermuiz, D. Elvira Vermuiz, de que vienen los de Biscaya" as the children of "Vermui Lainez", adding in a later passage that she married "Fortum Froes señor de Biscaya"[538]. Llorente adapts this by recording Elvira Vermúdez but adding that she married Munio López (without citing the primary source on which it is based), assuming that she was Munio´s first wife as he states that his second wife was Velasquita de Navarra[539]. It is uncertain whether Elvira Vermúdez was historical or fictitious. m MUNIO López, son of [LOPE Sarracínez “el Vizcaino” & his wife Sancha Sánchez] (-[950]).]

3. [sons . The Historia Roderici names “Fernán Laínez and Bermudo Laínez” among the “many sons” of “Laín Calvo”[540].]

4. [LAIN Laínez . The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Fernan Lainez, Vermui Lainez, Lain Lainez de que vienen los de Castro" as the children of "Lain Calvo" and his wife "D. Teresa Nuñez, hija de Nuño Rasura"[541].]

NUÑO Laínez, son of [LAÍN Fernández & his wife ---] . The Historia Roderici names “Nuño Laínez” as the son of “Laín Fernández”[542]. The "Corónicas" Navarras does not directly name the father of "Nuyno Laniz", but the context of the narrative as a whole implies that he was the son of Laín Fernández[543]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Nuño Lainez" as the son of "Lain Fernandez"[544].

m EILO Fernández, daughter of [FERNÁN Rodríguez & his wife ---]. The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Pero Ferrandiz et una fija…don Elo" as the children of "Ferrant Rodríguiz", stating that the latter married "Nuyno Laniz" although it does not state directly the parentage of the latter[545]. The Historia Roderici names “Pedro Fernández and a daughter named Eylo” as the children of “Fernán Rodríguez”, adding that Eilo married “Nuño Laínez”[546]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Fernando Rodriguez, D. Ello" as the children of "D. Fernando Rodriguez", adding in an earlier passage that "Nuño Lainez" married "D. Ello"[547].

Nuño & his wife had [one child]:

1. [LAIN Núñez (-after 1063). The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Layn Nunyz" as the son of "Nuyno Laniz" and his wife[548]. The Historia Roderici names Laín Núñez as son of “Nuño Laínez…[and] Eylo”[549]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Lain Nuñez" as the son of "Nuño Lainez" and his wife[550]. He subscribed charters of Fernando I King of Castile between 1049 and 1063[551].] m ---. The name of Lain's wife is not known. Lain & his wife had [two] children:

a) don DIEGO Laínez (-[1058]). The Historia Roderici names Diego Laínez as son of “Laín Nuñez”[552]. The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Iac Layniç" as the son of "Layn Nuniç"[553]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Diego Lainez, D. Fernando Lainez" as the children of "Lain Nuñez"[554]. He subscribed a grant by his wife's uncle, Nuño Álvarez in 1047[555]. He captured the castles of Ubierna, Urbel and La Piedra from Navarre, probably after 1054[556]. m doña TERESA Rodríguez, daughter of don RODRIGO Álvarez & his wife doña Teresa Núñez. The "Corónicas" Navarras records that "Díac Layniç" married "fija de Roy Díaz Álvariz d'Esturias"[557]. The Historia Roderici records that the mother of Rodrigo Díaz el Campeador was “the daughter of Rodrigo Álvarez…”[558]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Diego Lainez" married "D. Teresa Nuñez"[559]. Diego & his wife had one child:

i) don RODRIGO Díaz de Vivar (Vivar near Burgos [1043]-Valencia [10] Jul 1099, bur monastery of San Pedro de Cardeña). The Historia Roderici names Rodrigo Díaz el Campeador as son of “Diego Laínez…[and] the daughter of Rodrigo Álvarez”[560]. The "Corónicas" Navarras name "Rodric Diaç" as the son of "Díac Layniç" and his wife "fija de Roy Díaz Álvariz d'Esturias", specifying that "el rey don Sancho de Castieylla" raised him after his father died[561]. Known as "El Cid Campeador". He was brought up in the household of Sancho, future Sancho II King of Castle, and fought with the prince at the battle of Graus 8 May 1063[562]. Alférez of Sancho II King of Castile 1066[563]. Lord and independent ruler of Valencia 1094-1099. Dozy highlights a passage, written by Ibn-Bassâm in 1109, which records that "un chien de Galice appelé Rodrigue et surnommé le Campéador" captured Valencia in "488"[564]. The "Corónicas" Navarras record that "meo Çid" died in Valencia in May 1132 and was buried "a Sanct Per de Cardeyna, prob de Burgos"[565]. The Chronicon Burgense records the death in 1099 of “Rodericus Campidoctor”[566]. m (1074) doña JIMENA Díaz, daughter of conde DIEGO Fernández & his second wife doña Cristina Fernández (-1106). The "Corónicas" Navarras record that "este meo Çid" married "dona Xemena, nieta del rey don Alfonsso, filla del conte don Diago de Asturias"[567]. "Rodric Diaz et uxor mea Scemena" donated property to the abbey of Silos by charter dated 12 May 1076[568]. She attempted to retain control of Valencia after her husband's death but finally evacuated the city in [Apr/May] 1102. The Anales Toledanos record the death in 1106 of “Dona Ximena su muger [del Cid]”[569]. Rodrigo & his wife had three children:

(a) don DIEGO Rodríguez (-killed in battle Consuegra 1097). "…Didacus Ruderiquiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1095 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile granted protection to the merchants of Compostela[570]. The "Corónicas" Navarras name "un fijo…Diago Roiz" and two daughters as the children of "este meo Çid" and his wife, stating that the son was killed by the Moors in Consuegra[571].

(b) doña ELVIRA [Cristina] Rodríguez ([1080]-). The "Corónicas" Navarras name "dona Cristiana…dona Maria" as the two daughters of "este meo Çid" and his wife, stating that Cristina married "l'ifant don Romiro"[572]. Her origin is suggested by the Crónica de San Juan de la Peña which states that "el infant Don Garcia fillo de Don Ramiro…" was "sobrino del Cit Ruidiaz"[573]. The testament of "Ramiro Sánchez rey de Navarra, yerno de Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar el Cid" is dated 1110[574]. m ([1100]) don RAMIRO Sánchez de Navarra Señor de Monzón y Urroz, son of don SANCHO García de Navarra Señor de Uncastillo y Sangüesa & his first wife Constanza Sánchez (-[Jan/Feb] 1116).

(c) doña MARÍA Rodríguez (-[4 Aug 1104/before 1 Nov 1106]). The "Corónicas" Navarras name "dona Cristiana…dona Maria" as the two daughters of "este meo Çid" and his wife, stating that María married "el conte de Barçalona"[575]. The primary source which confirms her supposed first marriage has not yet been identified, but the date of death of her supposed first husband appears incompatible with the date of the first charter in which she appears with her [second] husband. Unless further primary source information comes to light, María´s supposed first marriage should be treated with caution. Ramon Berenguer and his wife Maria granted property to a vassal by charter dated 1103[576]. Ramon Berenguer and his wife Maria donated property to the church of San Adrian "inmediata al rio Besós" by charter dated 4 Aug 1104[577]. [m firstly (1098) don PEDRO Infante de Aragon y Navarra, son of don PEDRO I King of Aragon and Navarre & his first wife Agnès d'Aquitaine (-1 Feb 1104, bur 18 Aug 1104 San Juan de la Peña [578]).] m [secondly] ([1104]) as his first wife, RAMÓN BERENGUER III "el Grande" Conde de Barcelona, son of RAMÓN BERENGUER II "Cap d'Estopes" Conde de Barcelona & his wife Mathilde di Apulia (11 Nov 1082-19 Jul 1131).

b) [don FERNANDO Laínez . The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Diego Lainez, D. Fernando Lainez" as the children of "Lain Nuñez"[579]. m doña JIMENA Núñez, daughter of ---. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Fernando Lainez" married "D. Ximena Nuñez"[580]. Fernando & his wife had one child:

i) [don ÁLVARO Fernández Minaya . The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Conde D. Alvaro Fernandez Minaya, que tuvo del Rey en tenencia a Castroxerez" as the child of "D. Fernando Lainez" and his wife "D. Ximena Nuñez"[581]. m [doña MILIA Ansúrez, daughter of Conde don PEDRO Ansúrez & his second wife doña Eilo Alfonso. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "Conde D. Alvaro Fernandez Minaya, que tuvo del Rey en tenencia a Castroxerez" married "D. la Condesa D. Milia Anzores, hija del Conde Don Pedro Anzores de Caton"[582].] Álvaro & his wife had one child:

(a) doña MARÍA Álvarez . The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "D. Maria Alvarez" as the child of "Conde D. Alvaro Fernandez Minaya, que tuvo del Rey en tenencia a Castroxerez" and his wife "D. la Condesa D. Milia Anzores, hija del Conde Don Pedro Anzores de Caton"[583].

B. MATERNAL ANCESTORS

1. ÁLVARO --- . m ---. The name of Álvaro's wife is not known. Álvaro & his wife had two children:

a) NUÑO Álvarez . The Historia Roderici names Rodrigo Álvarez as “brother of Nuño Álvarez who held the castle of Amaya and several other regional provinces”[584]. same person as…? NUÑO Álvarez . “Duenno Nunno Alvaro de Castella et sennor Furtun Oggoiz de Pampilona” witnessed and confirmed a charter dated 1016 under which “Sancio comite et Sancio regis Pampilonensem” defined the territorial boundaries between the kingdom of Navarre and the county of Castile[585]. They were the only witnesses to this charter, which implies that they acted as authorised representatives of each party in the negotiation and signing of the agreement. This suggests that each of them enjoyed a position of relative seniority and trust in the nobility of their respective territories. The co-identity with the brother of Rodrigo Álvarez is not certain, as it would imply a long career considering the supposed death date of his younger brother.

b) RODRIGO Álvarez (-after 1066). The Historia Roderici records that Rodrigo Álvarez “held the castle of Luna and the provinces of Mormojón, Moradillo, Cellorigo and Curiel”[586]. He subscribed charters of Fernando I King of Castile in 1038 and 1039[587]. m doña TERESA Laínez, sister of NUÑO Laínez of Relias, daughter of ---. The Historia Roderici names “the lady Teresa, the sister of Nuño Laínez of Relias” as the wife of Rodrigo Álvarez[588]. Rodrigo & his wife had one child:

i) TERESA Rodríguez . The "Corónicas" Navarras records that "Díac Layniç" married "fija de Roy Díaz Álvariz d'Esturias"[589]. The Historia Roderici records that the mother of Rodrigo Díaz el Campeador was “the daughter of Rodrigo Álvarez…”[590]. The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Diego Lainez" married "D. Teresa Nuñez"[591]. m don DIEGO Laínez, son of LAÍN Núñez & his wife --- (-[1058]).

Chapter 6. FAMILY of ERO Fernández

The link between the three supposed brothers Diego, Ero and Godesteo Fernández, shown in Part A, is speculative. The descendants of the first two are set out in Parts B and C. Ero Fernández was an important figure during the reigns of Ordoño II and Alfonso IV Kings of León and was created conde, based at Lugo in central Galicia.

A. ORIGINS

FERNANDO ---, son of ---.

m GOTINA, daughter of ---.

1. [DIEGO Fernández . 909 926.]

- see below.

2. [ERO Fernández (-after 926, bur Santa María de Ferreira de Pallares). Conde de Lugo.]

- see below.

3. [GODESTEO Fernández (-922). The charter dated 18 Nov 952 of his grandson "Veremudus Adefonsi" records that "villa Mediana subtus Monte Gauano inter…fluvio Durii et alio Ribulo" had been held by "avius meus domno Gudesteo"[592]. m [his niece,] GUGINA Eriz, daughter of [593][ERO Fernández] & his [first] wife [Adosinda ---]. Godesteo & his wife had [seven] children:

a) ORDOÑO Godestéiz (-after 943). m ---. The name of Ordoño's wife is not known. Ordoño & his wife had two children:

i) ERO Ordóñez . Conde. m ADOSINDA Muñoz, daughter of MUNIO Sendíniz & his wife ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 6 Jan “era I.C.XI” [1073?] under which [her great-granddaughter] “Ermesenda...prolis Nuñiz, qui fuit binepta de comite Ero Ordoniz et coniuge eius Adosenda...comiti Munio Sandinz filia”[594]. Ero & his wife had one child:

(a) PELAYO Eriz . His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 6 Jan “era I.C.XI” [1073?] under which [his granddaughter] “Ermesenda...prolis Nuñiz, qui fuit binepta de comite Ero Ordoniz et coniuge eius Adosenda...comiti Munio Sandinz filia” donated property to San Salvador de Chantada, noting that “ipsos relinquerunt filios uno comite Pelagio Erotiz” whose only child was the donor´s mother “doña Onega” who had “filios octo” of whom five sons withdrew from secular life[595]. Conde. m ---. The name of Pelayo's wife is not known. Pelayo & his wife had one child:

(1) ONECA Peláez . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 6 Jan “era I.C.XI” [1073?] under which [her daughter] “Ermesenda...prolis Nuñiz, qui fuit binepta de comite Ero Ordoniz et coniuge eius Adosenda...comiti Munio Sandinz filia” donated property to San Salvador de Chantada, noting that “ipsos relinquerunt filios uno comite Pelagio Erotiz” whose only child was the donor´s mother “doña Onega” who had “filios octo” of whom five sons withdrew from secular life[596]. m conde MUNIO Muñoz, son of MUNIO --- & his wife --- (-after 1040). Munio & his wife had eight children:

a. MUNIO Muñoz (-before 1073). “Ermesenda prolis Nuñiz...cum germano meo doño Monio prolis Nuñiz” donated property to the monastery of San Salvador de Chantada by charter dated 11 Jan “era 2.xi.post i”[597]. “Ermesenda...prolis Nuñiz...” donated property to the monastery of San Salvador de Chantada, including property which had been held by “meo germano Munio Nuñiz et de nostro subrino Nuno Ordonii”, by charter dated 6 Jan “era I.C.XI” [1073?][598].

b. ERMESINDA Muñoz (-after 1065). “Ermesenda prolis Nuñiz...cum germano meo doño Monio prolis Nuñiz” donated property to the monastery of San Salvador de Chantada by charter dated 11 Jan “era 2.xi.post i”[599]. “Ermesenda...prolis Nuñiz, qui fuit binepta de comite Ero Ordoniz et coniuge eius Adosenda...comiti Munio Sandinz filia”, adding that “ipsos relinquerunt filios uno comite Pelagio Erotiz” whose only child was the donor´s mother “doña Onega” who had “filios octo” of whom five sons withdrew from secular life and that stating that the donor was the sole surviving heiress and was childless, unmarried and without brothers or nephews, donated property to the monastery of San Salvador de Chantada, confirmed the testament of “tia mea domna Ermesenda” who had donated “de Villa Chusanca”, donated property which was held by “meo germano Munio Nuñiz et de nostro subrino Nuno Ordonii” and property inherited from “Adosinda Sandinz”, by charter dated 6 Jan “era I.C.XI” [1073?][600].

c. ODROCIA Muñoz (-before [1073]). m ORDOÑO Romániz, son of ---. Ordoño & his wife had one child:

(i) NUÑO Ordóñez (-before [1073]). “Ermesenda...prolis Nuñiz...” donated property to the monastery of San Salvador de Chantada, including property which had been held by “meo germano Munio Nuñiz et de nostro subrino Nuno Ordonii”, by charter dated 6 Jan “era I.C.XI” [1073?][601].

d. six children . Their parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 6 Jan “era I.C.XI” [1073?] under which [her daughter] “Ermesenda...prolis Nuñiz, qui fuit binepta de comite Ero Ordoniz et coniuge eius Adosenda...comiti Munio Sandinz filia” donated property to San Salvador de Chantada, noting that “ipsos relinquerunt filios uno comite Pelagio Erotiz” whose only child was the donor´s mother “doña Onega” who had “filios octo” of whom five sons withdrew from secular life[602].

ii) GODESTEO Ordóñez (-after 959). m LEODEGUNDIA Rodríguez, daughter of RODRIGO --- & his wife ---. Godesteo & his wife had one child:

(a) ODROCIA Godestéiz . King Fernando donated property "in Compostella…[qui] fuit…de Odrozia comitssa…cum filia sua Gyloira et…nepus suum comitem Monninum Ruderici", confiscated after their rebellion, to Celanova by charter dated 19 Aug 1061[603]. m conde RODRIGO Gutiérrez, son of [604][GUTIERRE Osórez & his wife Ildonza Menéndez]. Rodrigo & his wife had one child:

(1) ELVIRA Rodríguez . King Fernando donated property "in Compostella…[qui] fuit…de Odrozia comitssa…cum filia sua Gyloira et…nepus suum comitem Monninum Ruderici", confiscated after their rebellion, to Celanova by charter dated 19 Aug 1061[605]. m conde RODRIGO Romániz, son of --- (-after 15 Nov 1028).

b) FERNANDO Godestéiz .

c) MANSURA Godestéiz .

d) ALFONSO Godestéiz (-before 952). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 18 Nov 952 under which his son "Veremudus Adefonsi" exchanged "villa Mediana subtus Monte Gauano inter…fluvio Durii et alio Ribulo", obtained from "avius meus domno Gudesteo", with "tia nostra domna Mummadomna"[606]. m ---. The name of Alfonso's wife is not known. Alfonso & his wife had one child:

i) VERMUDO Alfonso (-952). "Veremudus Adefonsi" exchanged "villa Mediana subtus Monte Gauano inter…fluvio Durii et alio Ribulo", obtained from "avius meus domno Gudesteo", with "tia nostra domna Mummadomna" for various other towns in Galicia by charter dated 18 Nov 952[607].

e) [ANSUR Godestéiz (-951). "Ansur prolix Goesteiz et uxoris sue Eieuua" founded "ecclesiam in…villa Arauca" by charter dated 7 Sep 951[608]. m EILEUVA, daughter of ---. "Ansur prolix Goesteiz et uxoris sue Eieuua" founded "ecclesiam in…villa Arauca" by charter dated 7 Sep 951[609].]

f) [LUCIDIO Godestéiz . Monk and deacon in Guimarães[610].]

g) [--- Godestéiz .] m ---. One child:

i) GONTINA . Her uncle Ansur Godestéiz gave her Arouca, which she in turn gave to her niece or granddaughter Toda Godestéiz, probably daughter of Godesteo Muñiz[611].

B. DESCENDANTS of DIEGO Fernández

DIEGO Fernández, son of FERNANDO --- & his wife [Gotina ---] (-[22 Feb 926/5 Dec 928]). "Aloitus Lucidi, Fredenandus Ouecoz, Fredenandus Alderotiz, Lucidus Aloitis, Froila Gundesindi…Didacus Fernandit, Gundesindus Eroni, Ueremudus Lucidi…" subscribed the charter dated 22 Feb 926 under which "Ranemirus" [brother of Alfonso IV King of Leon] granted "villa…Crexemir" {Creixomil} to "Ermegildus et Mummadomna"[612].

m ONECA, daughter of --- (-before 959). Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 25 Aug 951 under which “Scemenus et Adosinda” donated property to Celanova “iermano nostro et pontifici nostro Rudesindo episcopo” which is signed by “Scemenus Didaci et Onnice prolis, Adosinda Guttierrici et Ilduare prolis”[613]. According to Pérez de Urbel[614], she may have been Onega Jiménez, daughter of Jimeno --- & his wife Leodegundia de Navarra. "Honecca…cum filiis meis Munna, Ledegundia, Exemenus et Mummadonna" donated property to the monastery of Lorvão by charter dated 5 Dec 928, subscribed by "Honneca, Munnia, Ledegundia, Exemenus Didaz, Mummadomna, Aloytus Lucidi, Roderigus Tedoniz, Ermegildus Gundisaluiz, Gundesindus Didaz…"[615].

Diego Fernández & his wife had four children:

1. MUNIA Díaz (-after [973). "Honecca…cum filiis meis Munna, Ledegundia, Exemenus et Mummadonna" donated property to the monastery of Lorvão by charter dated 5 Dec 928, subscribed by "Honneca, Munnia, Ledegundia, Exemenus Didaz, Mummadomna, Aloytus Lucidi, Roderigus Tedoniz, Ermegildus Gundisaluiz, Gundesindus Didaz…"[616]. The order of the names of the subscribers suggests that the husbands of the donor´s daughters follow their wives, in order. This affiliation of the wife of Aloito Lucídez was proposed by Sáez[617]. m ALOITO Lucídez, son of LUCIDIO Vímaraz & his wife Gudilona [Menéndez] (-after Dec 950).

2. LEODEGUNDIA Díaz (-before 960). "Honecca…cum filiis meis Munna, Ledegundia, Exemenus et Mummadonna" donated property to the monastery of Lorvão by charter dated 5 Dec 928, subscribed by "Honneca, Munnia, Ledegundia, Exemenus Didaz, Mummadomna, Aloytus Lucidi, Roderigus Tedoniz, Ermegildus Gundisaluiz, Gundesindus Didaz…"[618]. The order of the names of the subscribers suggests that the husbands of the donor´s daughters follow their wives, in order. m RODRIGO Tetóniz, son of TETON [Betótiz & his wife ---].

3. JIMENO Díaz (-before 961). "Honecca…cum filiis meis Munna, Ledegundia, Exemenus et Mummadonna" donated property to the monastery of Lorvão by charter dated 5 Dec 928, subscribed by "Honneca, Munnia, Ledegundia, Exemenus Didaz, Mummadomna, Aloytus Lucidi, Roderigus Tedoniz, Ermegildus Gundisaluiz, Gundesindus Didaz…"[619]. Conde before 6 Aug 936: "Exemenus Didaz et comes…" subscribed the charter dated 6 Aug 936 which records an agreement dividing territory between two towns[620]. "Exemenus comes" donated "Uarzena" to Lorvão by charter dated 6 Aug 938, confirmed by "Piniolo Ansuriz…"[621]. His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 25 Aug 951 under which “Scemenus et Adosinda” donated property to Celanova “iermano nostro et pontifici nostro Rudesindo episcopo” which is signed by “Scemenus Didaci et Onnice prolis, Adosinda Guttierrici et Ilduare prolis” and which refers to property previously held by “tie nostre domna Gunterotis” (although it is not specified whether she was related to Jimeno or to Adosinda)[622]. He rebelled against Ordoño III King of León in 955 [623]. m as her first husband, ADOSINDA Gutiérrez, daughter of GUTIERRE Menéndez & his wife Ilduara Eriz (-964 or after). A charter dated 23 Dec 927 records donations by “Gutier Menendiz comes…cum coniuge sua domna Ylduara” to the monastery of Santa María de Loyo, an interpolated document recording that “Ylduara cum filiis meis…Rudesindus episcopus, Munnio, Froila, Adosinda, Ermesinda” confirmed the donation for the soul of “nostro domno diue memoria domno Guttierre”[624]. “Rudesindus episcopus, Munionem, Froilanem, Adosinda et Ermesinda” agreed the division of territories inherited from “avorum nostrorum Hermegildi et Ermesinde, Eroni et Adosinde” by charter dated 11 Mar 934[625]. Her first marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 4 Feb 949 under which “Scemenus et uxori mee Adosinde” exchanged property with “iermano nostro et pontifici nostro Rudesindo episcopo”[626]. Her parentage is further confirmed by the charter dated 25 Aug 951 under which “Scemenus et Adosinda” donated property to Celanova “iermano nostro et pontifici nostro Rudesindo episcopo” which is signed by “Scemenus Didaci et Onnice prolis, Adosinda Guttierrici et Ilduare prolis”[627]. "Adosinda" donated property "in villa…Villacova subtus monte de Cavallus…" to Vimeiro monastery, including "ratione de filia mea Gontina" by charter dated 10 Mar 961[628]. She married secondly Ramiro Menéndez. Jimeno & his wife had [six] children:

a) GONZALO Jiménez (-after 985). A charter dated 19 May [955] under which King Ordoño III granted rights to Bishop Rosendo records that they were previously possessed by “genitoris vestri…Guttiherri Menendiz” and “cognatus vester Scemenus Didaci”, adding that they included those rights lost by “suprini vestri…Gundisalvus et Veremudus” through treachery[629]. This document does not specify the patronymics of the two “suprini” of Bishop Rosendo, but they may have been sons of Jimeno Díaz. He took part in his father's rebellion in 955[630]. m ELVIRA Martínez, daughter of ---.

b) JIMENO Jiménez . same person as …?[631] JIMENO Jiménez (-after 1017). m ARAGONTA [Pinioliz], daughter of [PIÑOLO Gundemáriz] & his wife Jimena Vélaz. Her maternal ancestry is confirmed by charter recording that “Comes Vela et uxor eius comitissa Todildi” founded the monastery of San Miguel de Bárcena, the document specifying that the couple had “iv filios, Vermutu Velaz, Sancio Velaz, Oveco Velaz et Xemena Velaz” and adding that “Xemena Velaz fuit mater comitisse Aragonti” who was mother of “comes Piniolus”[632]. Her paternal ancestry is suggested by her naming her son Piñolo. Jimeno & his wife had four children:

i) PIÑOLO Jiménez (-22 May 1049, bur San Juan de Corias). He and his brother were sons of Jimeno Jiménez according to Sáez[633]. His maternal ancestry is established by a document which records that “Comes Vela et uxor eius comitissa Todildi” founded the monastery of San Miguel de Bárcena, the document specifying that the couple had “iv filios, Vermutu Velaz, Sancio Velaz, Oveco Velaz et Xemena Velaz” and adding that “Xemena Velaz fuit mater comitisse Aragonti” and that Aragonta was mother of “comes Piniolus”[634]. In Asturias. Alférez 30 Jun 1019 to 19 Aug 1022. “Piniolus Ximenez comes et coniux mea comitisa Ildoncia Munionis” founded the monastery of San Juan de Corias, including the donation of property “...in Navego illa villa de Palacio quæ fuit de sororibus nostris Auria et Munia”, by charter dated 1044[635]. Founder with his wife of the monastery of San Juan de Corias, his mother and maternal grandmother being named in a document which records the foundation[636]. “El conde Piñolo y la condesa Aldonza” bought property “la mitad de Veiga de Meredo” from “Auria Pinioliz” by charter dated 1026[637]. King Vermudo III donated “la mandación o condado de Perpera” to “conde Piñolo Jiménez y a su mujer Aldonza y a la iglesia de San Juan Bautista de Corias” by charter dated 11 May 1031[638]. m doña ALDONZA Muñoz, daughter of --- (-after [1065]). “El conde Piñolo y la condesa Aldonza” bought property “la mitad de Veiga de Meredo” from “Auria Pinioliz” by charter dated 1026[639]. “Los condes Piñolo Jiménez y Aldonza Muñoz” donated property to the monastery of San Juan de Corias by charter dated 1044[640]. “La condesa Aldonza” exchanged property with the monastery of San Juan de Corias by charter dated 1052[641]. “La condesa Aldonza” built the monastery of “San Martín de Mántara, junto al río Poleiana” and donated it to the monastery of San Juan de Corias by charter dated 1054[642]. “La condesa Aldonza” donated property “la vila de Palacio que había comprador a Felix Sarraciniz” to the monastery of San Juan de Corias by charter dated [1065][643]. “Rodrigo Moñiz, hijo del conde Munio Rodriguez” exchanged property “la villa de Villa Cagin por otras Vilas en Figueras y en Adralés” with “la condesa Aldonza” by charter dated [1065][644]. There are two possibilities for her parentage. Salazar Acha shows Aldonza Muñoz, wife of Piñolo Jiménez, as doña ALDONZA Muñoz, daughter of MUNIO Rodríguez & his wife condesa Anderquina Fróilaz, but he does not note the sources on which this is based[645]. However, this last charter dated [1065] in which she is named suggests a different parentage which, if correct, could mean that she was doña ALDONZA Muñoz, daughter of conde MUNIO Rodríguez & his wife Adosinda “Razel”.

ii) ÍÑIGO Jiménez .

iii) SANCHO Jiménez . He inherited the monastery of San Miguel de Canero from his parents, who are named in the document in the Libro Registro de Corias[646]. "…Sancius Scemeniz…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Mar 1028 under which "Tarasia proles Ueremudi principis et xristi ancilla" donated property in León to Santiago de Compostela, for the soul of "genitricis mee dive memorie dne. Giloire regine"[647].

iv) MUNIADOMNA Jiménez . A charter at Corias records that “Munio Munionis comes, filius comitis Munionis Roderici cognomento Canis” married secondly “cometissam Mumadompnam Xemeni, sororem comitis Pinioli”[648]. m conde don MUNIO Muñoz, son of don MUNIO Rodríguez "Canis" & his wife doña Anderquina Fróilaz.

c) FROILA Jiménez (-after 1010).

d) VELASCO Jiménez (-after [1014]). "Comitissa domna Gonzina" donated "ecclesia…Sancti Martini episcopi" to "mihi…confratris Valasco Scemeniz" by charter dated 23 Jan 994[649].

e) GOTINA Jiménez (-after 994). "Adosinda" donated property "in villa…Villacova subtus monte de Cavallus…" to Vimeiro monastery, including "ratione de filia mea Gontina" by charter dated 10 Mar 961[650]. She is cited as a widow in a document dated 991[651]. "Comitissa domna Gonzina" donated "ecclesia…Sancti Martini episcopi" to "mihi…confratris Valasco Scemeniz" by charter dated 23 Jan 994[652]. m conde SUERO Gundemáriz, son of --- (-before 991). He rebelled against Vermudo II King of León.

f) [VERMUDO .] A charter dated 19 May [955] under which King Ordoño III granted rights to Bishop Rosendo records that they were previously possessed by “genitoris vestri…Guttiherri Menendiz” and “cognatus vester Scemenus Didaci”, adding that they included those rights lost by “suprini vestri…Gundisalvus et Veremudus” through treachery[653]. This document does not specify the patronymics of the two “suprini” of Bishop Rosendo, but they may have been sons of Jimeno Díaz.]

4. MUNIADOMNA Díaz (-after 4 Dec 968). "Ranemirus" [brother of Alfonso IV King of Leon] granted "villa…Crexemir" {Creixomil} to "Ermegildus et Mummadomna" by charter dated 22 Feb 926, witnessed by "Aloitus Lucidi, Fredenandus Ouecoz, Fredenandus Alderotiz, Lucidus Aloitis, Froila Gundesindi…"[654]. "Honecca…cum filiis meis Munna, Ledegundia, Exemenus et Mummadonna" donated property to the monastery of Lorvão by charter dated 5 Dec 928, subscribed by "Honneca, Munnia, Ledegundia, Exemenus Didaz, Mummadomna, Aloytus Lucidi, Roderigus Tedoniz, Ermegildus Gundisaluiz, Gundesindus Didaz…"[655]. The order of the names of the subscribers suggests that the husbands of the donor´s daughters follow their wives, in order. "Mummadonna…cum filios meos Gunsaluus Didacus Ranimirus diaconus Onecha a deo uota Donnus nunus et Arriane" distributed property of "viro meo diue memorie Domno Ermigildo" by charter dated 5 Aug 950[656]. ["Ranemirus…princeps" [Ramiro II King of Leon] granted "villa nostra propria Mellares" to "Mummadomna" the charter dated 18 May 952 (must be redated to before 950), subscribed by "…Ueremundus rex, Aloito Lucidi…Lucidus Aloitiz…"[657]. The anachronistic reference to "Ueremundus rex" suggests that the document is spurious.] "Mummadomna Didaci et Onecce filia", widow of "Ermegildo prolix Gundisalui et Tarasia", together with "liberos…amborum…Gundisalbus Didacus Ranimirus, Nunus Arriane et Onecce", donated numerous properties to Vimieiro monastery by charter dated 26 Jan 959, which also names "Gutier Roderici cum coniuge nate mee Onecce…germanus noster domnus Exemenus"[658]. She founded the monastery of Guimarães in Portugal[659]. "Mummadomna…castellum…sanctum Mames" issued a charter dated 4 Dec 968 subscribed by "Gundisalvo Memendiz, Rudesindus Roderici…Honneca Menendi filia, Flamula Pelagii filia, Uelasquita Pelagii filii"[660]. m conde HERMENEGILDO González, son of GONZALO Betótiz & his wife Teresa Eriz (-950 or before).

C. DESCENDANTS of ERO Fernández

ERO Fernández, son of [FERNANDO --- & his wife Gutina --- (-after 926, bur Santa María de Ferreira de Pallares). Conde de Lugo. He founded the monastery of Santa María de Ferreira de Pallares with his second wife[661]. He governed the county of Lugo during the reign of Ordoño II King of León[662].

m firstly ADOSINDA, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 11 Mar 934 under which “Rudesindus episcopus, Munionem, Froilanem, Adosinda et Ermesinda” (her grandchildren) agreed the division of territories inherited from “avorum nostrorum Hermegildi et Ermesinde, Eroni et Adosinde”[663].

m secondly ELVIRA, daughter of ---.

Ero & his first wife had three children:

1. ILDUARA Eriz (-958). A charter dated 23 Dec 927 records donations by “Gutier Menendiz comes…cum coniuge sua domna Ylduara” to the monastery of Santa María de Loyo, an interpolated document recording that “Ylduara cum filiis meis…Rudesindus episcopus, Munnio, Froila, Adosinda, Ermesinda” confirmed the donation for the soul of “nostro domno diue memoria domno Guttierre”[664]. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 11 Mar 934 under which “Rudesindus episcopus, Munionem, Froilanem, Adosinda et Ermesinda” (her children) agreed the division of territories inherited from “avorum nostrorum Hermegildi et Ermesinde, Eroni et Adosinde”[665]. m conde GUTIERRE Menéndez, son of HERMENEGILDO Gutiérrez & his wife Ermesinda Gatóniz (-before 934).

2. GUNDESINDO Eriz (-[947]). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 21 Feb 897 which records that "Gondesindus prolis Erus et Adosinda" accepted as his wife "Enderquina conmento Pala filia dux Menemdus Gutierizi et Ermesinda iermana de domna Geluira regina que fuit mulier de Ordonius rex mater Ranemirus principe", names their children "filius…Suarius, Ermesinda et Adosinda et Froilo…cum infirmidate nata", records his foundation of churches "inter Durio et Uauga in villa Acibeto…in villa Sanganeto…", and that he committed "filia mea Froilo" to "domna Geluira abatisisa"[666].

- see below.

3. GUGINA Eriz . [667]m [her uncle], GODESTEO Fernández, son of FERNANDO --- & his wife --- (-922).

Ero & his [first/second] wife had two children:

4. TERESA Eriz (-[929]). Her marriage is confirmed by a charter dated to [956] which records the settlement of property disputes relating to “el territorio de Salnés” and names “domno Gundisalbus dux comite et…comitesa domna Tarasia…comite domno Pelagio prolis Gundisalbizi et illa regina domna Aragonta sororem suam…comitessa domna Elduara”[668]. m conde GONZALO Betótiz, son of conde ALFONSO "Betote" & his wife ---.

5. GOTO Eriz (-[960]). m MUNIO, son of ---. Munio & his wife had [one possible child]:

a) [ERO Muñiz (-after 949). Son of Munio and Goto Eriz according to Sáez[669], although it is unclear whether this is based on anything other than onomastics. He confirmed a diploma of Ramiro II King of León in 949.] m ---. The name of Ero's wife is not known. Ero & his wife had [six] children:

i) ALFONSO Eriz (-after 984). Tenente of Corrado[670].

ii) GONZALO Eriz (-after 982). "Gundisaluus Erotiz…Suario Erotiz" subscribed a charter dated 1 Sep 982 which records that "Suario Sandiniz" died "absque filiis legitimis", leaving "suo iermano Fredenando Sandiniz" as his heir[671].

iii) SUERO Eriz (-after 982). "Gundisaluus Erotiz…Suario Erotiz" subscribed a charter dated 1 Sep 982 which records that "Suario Sandiniz" died "absque filiis legitimis", leaving "suo iermano Fredenando Sandiniz" as his heir[672].

iv) LEODEGUNDIA Eriz (-after 990). "Leodegundie prolis Eroni" donated "hereditatem in villa Alduari territorio Portugal subtus Mons Mahamut", obtained by "avia nostra domna Godo exceptis racione de Vimara Ermiariz", by charter dated 19 Nov 990[673].

v) [EGAS Eriz "Iala" (-before 13 Jan 1053). A charter dated 13 Jan 1053 relating to "villa Viariz" names "Egas Erotez in terram Portugalensis", "domno Froia Osorediz et…coniungia sua domna Adosinda qui erat iermana de domno Egas", and "domno Guntsalbo filii Egas…et coniungia eius domna Flamula"[674]. Mattoso proposes that Egas was the son of Ero Muñiz as he appears in the same region as his supposed brothers [675]. Ancestor of the Señores de Marnel.]

vi) [ADOSINDA Eriz (-before 13 Jan 1053). A charter dated 13 Jan 1053 relating to "villa Viariz" names "Egas Erotez in terram Portugalensis", "domno Froia Osorediz et…coniungia sua domna Adosinda qui erat iermana de domno Egas", and "domno Guntsalbo filii Egas…et coniungia eius domna Flamula"[676]. m FROILA Osorédez, son of OSORIO & his wife ---.]

Ero & his second wife had one child:

6. DIEGO Eriz (-before 917).

GUNDESINDO Eriz, son of ERO Fernández & his first wife Adosinda --- (-after [947]). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 21 Feb 897 which records that "Gondesindus prolis Erus et Adosinda" accepted as his wife "Enderquina conmento Pala filia dux Menemdus Gutierizi et Ermesinda iermana de domna Geluira regina que fuit mulier de Ordonius rex mater Ranemirus principe", names their children "filius…Suarius, Ermesinda et Adosinda et Froilo…cum infirmidate nata", records his foundation of churches "inter Durio et Uauga in villa Acibeto…in villa Sanganeto…", and that he committed "filia mea Froilo" to "domna Geluira abatisisa"[677]. "Aloitus Lucidi, Fredenandus Ouecoz, Fredenandus Alderotiz, Lucidus Aloitis, Froila Gundesindi…Didacus Fernandit, Gundesindus Eroni, Ueremudus Lucidi…" subscribed the charter dated 22 Feb 926 under which "Ranemirus" [brother of Alfonso IV King of Leon] granted "villa…Crexemir" {Creixomil} to "Ermegildus et Mummadomna"[678].

m ENDERQUINA Menéndez "Pala", daughter of HERMENEGILDO Gutiérrez & his wife Ermesenda Gatóniz (-before [947]). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 21 Feb 897 which records that "Gondesindus prolis Erus et Adosinda" accepted as his wife "Enderquina conmento Pala filia dux Menemdus Gutierizi et Ermesinda iermana de domna Geluira regina que fuit mulier de Ordonius rex mater Ranemirus principe", names their children "filius…Suarius, Ermesinda et Adosinda et Froilo…cum infirmidate nata", records his foundation of churches "inter Durio et Uauga in villa Acibeto…in villa Sanganeto…", and that he committed "filia mea Froilo" to "domna Geluira abatisisa"[679].

Gundesindo & his wife had six children:

1. SUERO Gundesíndez (-before 964). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 21 Feb 897 which records that "Gondesindus prolis Erus et Adosinda" accepted as his wife "Enderquina conmento Pala filia dux Menemdus Gutierizi et Ermesinda iermana de domna Geluira regina que fuit mulier de Ordonius rex mater Ranemirus principe", names their children "filius…Suarius, Ermesinda et Adosinda et Froilo…cum infirmidate nata", records his foundation of churches "inter Durio et Uauga in villa Acibeto…in villa Sanganeto…", and that he committed "filia mea Froilo" to "domna Geluira abatisisa"[680]. A charter dated 2 Dec 1019 refers to the foundation of the monastery of Sever by "Suario Gundesindiz et coniuge sua domna Goldrogodro" who bequeathed property to "Sandinu Suariz et suo iermano Gundesindo Suariz", confirmed in the charter by "Nunus Fredenandiz et Sandinus Fredenandiz…et de nostras iermanas"[681]. m GOLDREGOTO, daughter of --- (-before 964). A charter dated 2 Dec 1019 refers to the foundation of the monastery of Sever by "Suario Gundesindiz et coniuge sua domna Goldrogodro" who bequeathed property to "Sandinu Suariz et suo iermano Gundesindo Suariz", confirmed in the charter by "Nunus Fredenandiz et Sandinus Fredenandiz…et de nostras iermanas"[682]. Suero & his wife had two children:

a) SENDINO Suárez (-before 981). "Sandinus et Gundesindus prolis Suarii et Goldregodo…cum uxoribus et filiis nostris" donated property "in…villa…Seueri" to Coimbra monastery by charter dated 25 Sep 964[683]. He is named with his wife [before 981] in the donation of their son Fernando to the monastery of LorvãoError! Bookmark not defined.. A charter dated 2 Dec 1019 refers to the foundation of the monastery of Sever by "Suario Gundesindiz et coniuge sua domna Goldrogodro" who bequeathed property to "Sandinu Suariz et suo iermano Gundesindo Suariz", confirmed in the charter by "Nunus Fredenandiz et Sandinus Fredenandiz…et de nostras iermanas"[684]. m JIMENA, daughter of --- (-before 981). Her marriage is indicated by the charter dated 981 under which her supposed son "Fredenando Sandiniz et uxor mea Geluira" donated "tertia de villa…Recardanes in ripa de Agada", obtained by "Sandinus Suariz et uxor sua Exemena"[685], although the document does not specify that Sendino Suárez and his wife were the parents of the donor. A charter dated 20 Aug 1011 refers to a donation by "domna Scemena…in manus de filios suos…Suario Sandiniz, Fredenando Sandiniz, Uimara Ermiariz et coniungie sue Guldregodo"[686]. Sendino & his wife had three children:

i) FERNANDO Sendíniz (-before 1019). "Fredenando Sandiniz et uxor mea Geluira" donated "tertia de villa…Recardanes in ripa de Agada", obtained by "Sandinus Suariz et uxor sua Exemena", to Lorvão by charter dated 981, subscribed by "Gundisaluus Muneonis, Suario Sandiniz, Ranemiro Gunzaluiz, Menendo Gunzaluiz…"[687]. A charter dated 20 Aug 1011 refers to a donation by "domna Scemena…in manus de filios suos…Suario Sandiniz, Fredenando Sandiniz, Uimara Ermiariz et coniungie sue Guldregodo"[688]. Conde. m ELVIRA, daughter of ---. "Fredenando Sandiniz et uxor mea Geluira" donated "tertia de villa…Recardanes in ripa de Agada", obtained by "Sandinus Suariz et uxor sua Exemena", to Lorvão by charter dated 981[689]. Fernando & his wife had five children:

(a) NUÑO Fernández (-after 1019). A charter dated 2 Dec 1019 refers to the foundation of the monastery of Sever by "Suario Gundesindiz et coniuge sua domna Goldrogodro" who bequeathed property to "Sandinu Suariz et suo iermano Gundesindo Suariz", confirmed in the charter by "Nunus Fredenandiz et Sandinus Fredenandiz…et de nostras iermanas"[690].

(b) SENDINO Fernández (-after 1019). A charter dated 2 Dec 1019 refers to the foundation of the monastery of Sever by "Suario Gundesindiz et coniuge sua domna Goldrogodro" who bequeathed property to "Sandinu Suariz et suo iermano Gundesindo Suariz", confirmed in the charter by "Nunus Fredenandiz et Sandinus Fredenandiz…et de nostras iermanas"[691].

(c) SARRACINA Fernández (-after 1048). "Sarrazina confessa prolix Fredenandi et Ieluire" donated property to "eglesia…sanctorum Cosme et Damiani" by charter dated 24 Sep 1031[692]. "Exemena prolix Fredenandi […et Ieluira]…cum filia mea domna Maior" sold "hereditate nostra…in villa Gundivadi et in villa Rial…territorio Portugalense" by charter dated 24 Feb 1037, confirmed by "Sarrazina domna"[693]. "Sarracina domna…filia dux Fernandi et Ieluira" sold "hereditate mea…in villa Rial…territorio Portugalense" by charter dated 12 Feb 1040, confirmed by "comitissa domna Exemina"[694]. "Sarracina deovota prolix Fredenamdo" sold property "in villa…Gemumdi terridorio Portugalemsis" by charter dated 1 Apr 1048, confirmed by "Ermesinda prolix Fredenamdo, Exemena prolix Fredenando"[695].

(d) ERMESENDA Fernández (-after 1 Apr 1048). "Comite Gundisaluo filius Froila et uxori mee Ermesenda filia Fredenandu et Ieloira" sold "hereditate nostra…in villa Rrial…territorium Portugalense" by charter dated 15 Mar 1037[696]. "Sarracina deovota prolix Fredenamdo" sold property "in villa…Gemumdi terridorio Portugalemsis" by charter dated 1 Apr 1048, confirmed by "Ermesinda prolix Fredenamdo, Exemena prolix Fredenando"[697]. m GONZALO Fróilaz, son of FROILA González & his wife ---.

(e) JIMENA Fernández (-[1078]). "Comidessa domna Xemena ploriz Fredenando et Geloira" donated property "in Villa Pejarious…in termino de Tauginia…", with the consent of "fili meo Suario Pelagizi et conjugia mea Eilan", by charter dated 24 Mar 1034, approved by "Pelagio Nunizi"[698]. "Exemena prolix Fredenandi […et Ieluira]…cum filia mea domna Maior" sold "hereditate nostra…in villa Gundivadi et in villa Rial…territorio Portugalense" by charter dated 24 Feb 1037, confirmed by "Sarrazina domna"[699]. "Sarracina domna…filia dux Fernandi et Ieluira" sold "hereditate mea…in villa Rial…territorio Portugalense" by charter dated 12 Feb 1040, confirmed by "comitissa domna Exemina"[700]. "Sarracina deovota prolix Fredenamdo" sold property "in villa…Gemumdi terridorio Portugalemsis" by charter dated 1 Apr 1048, confirmed by "Ermesinda prolix Fredenamdo, Exemena prolix Fredenando"[701]. m conde PELAYO ---, same person as …? PELAYO Núñez, son of ---.

ii) SUERO Sendíniz (-[981/1 Sep 982]). "Fredenando Sandiniz et uxor mea Geluira" donated "tertia de villa…Recardanes in ripa de Agada", obtained by "Sandinus Suariz et uxor sua Exemena", to Lorvão by charter dated 981, subscribed by "Gundisaluus Muneonis, Suario Sandiniz, Ranemiro Gunzaluiz, Menendo Gunzaluiz…"[702]. A charter dated 1 Sep 982 records that "Suario Sandiniz" died "absque filiis legitimis", leaving "suo iermano Fredenando Sandiniz" as his heir[703]. A charter dated 20 Aug 1011 refers to a donation by "domna Scemena…in manus de filios suos…Suario Sandiniz, Fredenando Sandiniz, Uimara Ermiariz et coniungie sue Guldregodo"[704].

iii) GOLDREGOTO Sendíniz (-after 976). A charter dated 20 Aug 1011 refers to a donation by "domna Scemena…in manus de filios suos…Suario Sandiniz, Fredenando Sandiniz, Uimara Ermiariz et coniungie sue Guldregodo"[705]. m VIMARA Ermiariz .

b) GUNDESINDO Suárez (-after 25 Sep 964). "Sandinus et Gundesindus prolis Suarii et Goldregodo…cum uxoribus et filiis nostris" donated property "in…villa…Seueri" to Coimbra monastery by charter dated 25 Sep 964[706]. A charter dated 2 Dec 1019 refers to the foundation of the monastery of Sever by "Suario Gundesindiz et coniuge sua domna Goldrogodro" who bequeathed property to "Sandinu Suariz et suo iermano Gundesindo Suariz", confirmed in the charter by "Nunus Fredenandiz et Sandinus Fredenandiz…et de nostras iermanas"[707]. m --- (-after 25 Sep 964). The name of Gundesindo's wife is not known. Gundesindo & his wife had one child:

i) HONORICO Gundesíndez . He names his great-grandfather Gundesendo Eriz[708]. m --- (-after 1041). Honorico & his wife had one child:

(a) [709]CHAMOA Honoríquez (-after [1079]). m GONZALO Viegas de Marnel (-1057).

2. ERMESENDA Gundesíndez (-after [947]). Her parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 21 Feb 897 which records that "Gondesindus prolis Erus et Adosinda" accepted as his wife "Enderquina conmento Pala filia dux Menemdus Gutierizi et Ermesinda iermana de domna Geluira regina que fuit mulier de Ordonius rex mater Ranemirus principe", names their children "filius…Suarius, Ermesinda et Adosinda et Froilo…cum infirmidate nata", records his foundation of churches "inter Durio et Uauga in villa Acibeto…in villa Sanganeto…", and that he committed "filia mea Froilo" to "domna Geluira abatisisa"[710]. According to Mattoso[711], the wife of Arias Menéndez, son of Hermenegildo Gutiérrez & his wife Ermesinda Gatónez (-before 924), was the daughter of Gundesindo Ériz but this must be incorrect as he would have been her maternal uncle.

3. ADOSINDA Gundesíndez (-after [947]). Her parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 21 Feb 897 which records that "Gondesindus prolis Erus et Adosinda" accepted as his wife "Enderquina conmento Pala filia dux Menemdus Gutierizi et Ermesinda iermana de domna Geluira regina que fuit mulier de Ordonius rex mater Ranemirus principe", names their children "filius…Suarius, Ermesinda et Adosinda et Froilo…cum infirmidate nata", records his foundation of churches "inter Durio et Uauga in villa Acibeto…in villa Sanganeto…", and that he committed "filia mea Froilo" to "domna Geluira abatisisa"[712]. She married against the wishes of her father[713]. m ANSUR Benfrogia .

4. FROILO Gundesindez . Her parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 21 Feb 897 which records that "Gondesindus prolis Erus et Adosinda" accepted as his wife "Enderquina conmento Pala filia dux Menemdus Gutierizi et Ermesinda iermana de domna Geluira regina que fuit mulier de Ordonius rex mater Ranemirus principe", names their children "filius…Suarius, Ermesinda et Adosinda et Froilo…cum infirmidate nata", records his foundation of churches "inter Durio et Uauga in villa Acibeto…in villa Sanganeto…", and that he committed "filia mea Froilo" to "domna Geluira abatisisa"[714].

5. ERO Gundesíndez . Named as "comes et dux" in many documents of the monastery of Celanova[715].

6. FROILA Gundesíndez (-after [947]). Named as "comes et dux" in the 942 donation of San Rosendo to the monastery of Celanova[716].

D. OTHER LINKED FAMILIES

1. RODRIGO Romániz, son of --- (-after 15 Nov 1028). "…Rudericus Romanz…" subscribed the charter dated 15 Nov 1028 under which "Ueremudus proles Adefonsi principis et Geluire regine" donated "villam meam…Cordario que fuit avorum et parentum meorum Menendi et dne Tote" to Santiago de Compostela[717]. Conde. m ELVIRA Rodríguez, daughter of conde RODRIGO Gutiérrez & his wife Otrocia Godestéiz. King Fernando donated property "in Compostella…[qui] fuit…de Odrozia comitissa…cum filia sua Gyloira et…nepus suum comitem Monninum Ruderici", confiscated after their rebellion, to Celanova by charter dated 19 Aug 1061[718]. Rodrigo & his wife had [three] children:

a) ILDONZA Rodríguez . According to Torres, she was ancestress of the house of Traba[719].

b) MUNIO Rodríguez (-[1074/75]). Conde [1030/33]. King Fernando donated property "in Compostella…[qui] fuit…de Odrozia comitissa…cum filia sua Gyloira et…nepus suum comitem Monninum Ruderici", confiscated after their rebellion, to Celanova by charter dated 19 Aug 1061[720]. m firstly (before 1033) JIMENA Ordóñez, daughter of ORDOÑO Vermúdez de León & his wife Fronilde Peláez. The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Alfonso Ordóñez, Pelayo Ordóñez, Vermudo Ordóñez, Sancho Ordóñez and Jimena Ordóñez" as the children of "Infante Ordoño" & his wife, specifying that Jimena married "count Muño Rodríguez"[721]. She and her husband made a joint purchase of property in Villa Canaria in 1033[722]. m secondly ILDUARA Velásquez, daughter of VELASCO --- & his wife ---. Munio & his first wife had [four] children:

i) RODRIGO Muñoz (-killed in battle Sagrajas 23 Oct 1086). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "count Rodrigo Muñoz who was later slain at the battle of Sagrajas" as the child of "count Muño Rodríguez" and his wife[723]. A charter dated to [1077], under which "Aldefonsus tocius Yspanie rex" confirmed donations of property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, includes "Sagrero" which it states was the subject of dispute with "Roderico Munionis, fratre Fredinandi Munionis"[724]. Conde. ["Roderico Monniz" donated property in Priaranza, Valdecañada, Ozuela, Dehesas, Salas to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes by charter dated 15 Oct 1084[725].] m ---. The name of Rodrigo's wife is not known. Rodrigo & his wife had one child:

(a) MAYOR Rodríguez. m conde don FERNANDO Núñez, son of don NUÑO Menéndez & his wife doña Sancha Viegas.

ii) SUERO Muñoz (-after 1094). The testament of "Suario hijo del conde Munió", made with the advice of "uxoris mea Santia, comitis Velæ filia", is dated 1094[726]. m SANCHA Velaz, daughter of conde VELA Ovéquiz & his wife Ildonza Muñoz . She is named in her husband's 1092 donation[727]. The testament of "Suario hijo del conde Munió", made with the advice of "uxoris mea Santia, comitis Velæ filia", is dated 1094[728].

iii) MUNIO Muñoz (-after 1 Oct 1085). "Munio Muñiz…con su esposa Velasquita" sold "la villa de Miravalles, en territorio Omaña", which had belonged to "sus padres Monio Rodríguez y Dña Jimena", to the monastery of Carrizo by charter dated 13 Mar 1072[729].

- see below.

iv) [FERNANDO Muñoz (-1103 or after). Mayordomo of Alfonso VI King of Castile from 20 Jan 1096 to 31 Jul 1101. Salazar y Acha suggests that Fernando Muñoz may have been the son of Munio Rodríguez & his first wife[730]. However, it appears that the position of mayordomo was held mainly by nobles at the beginning of their careers. Assuming that the marriage date of Munio Rodríguez is correctly stated above, this would not be the case with Fernando Muñoz if he was their son. Nevertheless, a charter dated to [1077], under which "Aldefonsus tocius Yspanie rex" confirmed donations of property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, includes "Sagrero" which it states was the subject of dispute with "Roderico Munionis, fratre Fredinandi Munionis"[731]. "Fernando Muniz y su mujer Maria" sold property "en la villa de Patrezellos cerca del rio de Cisneros" to "Álvaro Álvarez y a su mujer María" by charter dated 30 Apr 1084[732]. "Adefonsus…Ispanie imperator" permitted the abbey of Silos to establish outposts near the abbey, with the consent of "uxoris mee Berte regine", by charter dated 20 Jan [1096/98], confirmed by "…Fernando Munoz maiordomus regis…"[733]. Conde en Astorga 1100. m MARÍA, daughter of ---. "Fernando Muniz y su mujer Maria" sold property "en la villa de Patrezellos cerca del rio de Cisneros" to "Álvaro Álvarez y a su mujer María" by charter dated 30 Apr 1084[734].]

Munio & his second wife had one child:

v) ELVIRA Muñoz . m conde PELAYO Gómez de Carrión, son of GÓMEZ Díaz Conde de Saldaña & his wife Teresa Peláez (-[1101]).

c) [TEODEGONZIA [Gotina] [Rodríguez] .] m SUERO Gundemáriz, son of ---. Suero & his wife had one child:

i) ELVIRA Suárez . Her parents are identified from a document of 1016 which names the couple in relation to property at Villa Manilani, a place also named in 1090 in a donation by her grandson Rodrigo Ovéquiz[735]. In a donation to Lugo Cathedral she names her "auus" conde Rodrigo Románez, possibly either grandfather or tutor[736]. m OVECO Vermúdez, son of VERMUDO Vela & his wife Elvira Pinioliz (-after 1042).

MUNIO Muñoz, son of don MUNIO Rodríguez & his first wife doña Jimena Ordóñez (-after 1 Oct 1085). "Munio Muñiz…con su esposa Velasquita" sold "la villa de Miravalles, en territorio Omaña", which had belonged to "sus padres Monio Rodríguez y Dña Jimena", to the monastery of Carrizo by charter dated 13 Mar 1072[737]. Alfonso VI King of Castile granted "illo castello [de Ulver]" to "Munnu Munizi" by charter dated 4 Dec 1080[738]. "Monnio Moniz, uxor sua Velasquita, Xemena Moniz, Petro Velaz, Sol Sancxiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Oct 1085 under which "Gelvira Petriz…cum viro meo…Godino Citiz" donated property in Priaranza to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes[739].

m VELASQUITA, daughter of --- (-after 1 Oct 1085). "Munio Muñiz…con su esposa Velasquita" sold "la villa de Miravalles, en territorio Omaña", which had belonged to "sus padres Monio Rodríguez y Dña Jimena", to the monastery of Carrizo by charter dated 13 Mar 1072[740]. "Monnio Moniz, uxor sua Velasquita, Xemena Moniz, Petro Velaz, Sol Sancxiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Oct 1085 under which "Gelvira Petriz…cum viro meo…Godino Citiz" donated property in Priaranza to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes[741].

Munio & his wife had [three] children:

1. [don PEDRO Muñoz (-[22 Aug 1092/7 Feb 1093]). The dating clause of a charter dated 5 Jul 1092, under which "Frosgildi" donated property in Entrambas Aguas de Losada to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes, names "ipsa terra imperante Petro Monniz"[742]. The dating clause of a charter dated 22 Aug 1092, under which "Petro Ordoniz" donated property in Pombriego to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes, names "Petro Monniz imperante ipsa terra"[743]. His supposed sister "Xemena Munniz" is named in dating clauses of charters of the same monastery from 7 Feb 1093 (see above), which suggests that Pedro had died before that date without leaving direct heirs.]

2. [don MUNIO Muñoz (-[17 Jan 1097/21 Mar 1097]). The dating clause of a charter dated 17 Jan 1097, under which "Vermudo Godestez" donated property in Rimor to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes, names "Monnio Monniz imperante ipsa terra de Ulver"[744]. His supposed sister "Xemena Munniz" is named in dating clauses of charters of the same monastery, both before the date of this document and from 21 Mar 1097 (see above). This suggests that Munio may have returned from elsewhere in [1095/96] to assume his heritage but died soon afterwards without leaving direct heirs.]

3. [doña JIMENA Muñoz ([1055/65]-Espinareda del Bierzo 1128, bur San Andres de Espinareda). The precise parentage of Jimena Muñoz has been the subject of considerable debate over recent years. The common connection with Ulver, where she was recorded, appears conclusive in determining that she was closely related to Munio Muñoz who was also recorded in the same castle (see above). Her birth date, estimated from her having given birth to two children in the early 1080s, suggests that she was his daughter rather than his sister (assuming that Munio´s parents are correctly identified as Munio Rodríguez and Jimena Ordóñez as shown above). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Jimena Muñoz" as the first of two concubines of King Alfonso, and their daughters "Elvira the wife of count Raymond of Toulouse…and Teresa the wife of Count Henry"[745]. The Chronicon de Cardeña names “Ximena Nuñez” as mother of the king´s daughters “la Infant Doña Elvira è la Infant Doña Teresa”[746]. Kerrebrouck states that Jimena Múñoz was King Alfonso VI's second wife, married before the end of 1078 (marriage annulled), but this is chronologically difficult to maintain. King Alfonso's relationship with doña Jimena lasted long enough to produce two children. The last documentary reference to Queen Inés is dated 22 May 1077, while King Alfonso's marriage to Queen Constance took place in late 1079. This leaves insufficient time for the king to have married and had two legitimate children by Jimena between these two marriages. The reference in Kerrebrouck to the annulment of King Alfonso's alleged marriage to doña Jimena is presumably based on Pope Gregory VII's letter of 27 Jun 1080 which, among other things, objected to King Alfonso's "marriage" on the grounds of consanguinity. The letter does not name the wife whose marriage was objected to, but Reilly appears correct in concluding that "it can be no other than Queen Constance herself", given the likely date of her marriage and the likely date of birth of her daughter doña Urraca[747]. Reilly suggests that King Alfonso VI's relationship with doña Jimena started in [1081/82][748]. "Monnio Moniz, uxor sua Velasquita, Xemena Moniz, Petro Velaz, Sol Sancxiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Oct 1085 under which "Gelvira Petriz…cum viro meo…Godino Citiz" donated property in Priaranza to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes[749]. The dating clause of a charter dated 7 Feb 1093, under which "Petro Quizaz" sold property in Salas de los Barrios to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes, names "Scemena Monniz in Ulver"[750]. ["Garcia Monnuiz…cum uxor mea Fronille Annalaz cognomento Sol et Pelayo Monniuz et Auro Villito et Monniuz" donated property in Jagoaza to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes, and "Xemeno Monniuz" sold "mea porcione quam habui inter fratres meos" of the same property, by charter dated 26 Sep [1095][751]. It is possible that "Xemeno Monniuz" in this document is an error for "Xemena Monniuz". However, the dating clause which names "Comes Froyla Didaz imperante in ipsa terra de Iorres" suggests that the property was in a different area from "Ulver" and therefore that the two families were unrelated.] The dating clause of a charter dated 17 Dec 1096, under which "Vellite Ferrudiz et uxor mea Falella" sold property in Salas de los Barrios to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes, names "…Xemena Munniz in Ulver"[752]. The dating clause of a charter dated 21 Mar 1097, under which "Maria" donated property in Rimor to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes, names "Donna Xemena Monniz imperante ipsa terra de Ulver"[753]. "Xemena Munniz" donated property in Salas de los Barrios to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes by charter dated 26 Apr 1101[754]. "Potestas in illa terra donna Xemena" and "Xemena Monnuz imperante terra de Ulver" is named in dating clauses of other charters which record donations to San Pedro de Montes, dated 1099, 29 Jun 1100, 26 Aug [1103], 19 Apr [1104], 19 Jan [1107][755]. The dating clause of charters dated between [1115] and 15 May 1118 name "Johanne Petriz potestate in Ulver", and from 6 Mar 1126 "Ramiro Froilaz"[756], suggesting that the Muñoz family moved from the castle in [1107/15]. "Ximena Munniz" donated property in "Trebalio et Turres" to "nepotis mei…Garcie Fernandiz" by charter dated 18 Apr 1127[757]. Jimena Muñoz donated property in "la villa de Torres, discurrente rivulo Orbico, territorio Astoricensis" to the Order of St John by charter dated 18 Sep 1127[758]. Doña Jimena retired to the Benedictine convent of Esinareda del Bierzo, where she died. Sandoval records that "Ximena Nuñez" was buried in "San Andres de Espinareda"[759]. An inscription in the monastery of Espinareda records the death in 1128 of "Semena Alphonsi vidui regis amica", although Rodríguez González highlights the opinion that the monument is a later forgery[760]. Mistress: ([1081/82]-) of don ALFONSO VI King of Castile and León, son of don FERNANDO I "el Magno" King of Castile and León & his wife doña Sancha de León (Compostela [1037]-Toledo 30 Jun 1109, bur Sahagún, León, San Mancio chapel in the royal monastery of Santos Facundo y Primitivo).

Chapter 7. FAMILY of Conde FLAÍN Muñoz

The first four generations of this family are uncertain, proposed speculatively by Cadenas Allende[761]. He appears to base his reconstruction solely on the patronymics, but does highlight that there is documentation to support the existence of each person individually and that the chronology supports the proposal. Munio Flaínez, who was closely linked to the family of the condes de Cea, acquired property in the Valle de Laurenzo in the eastern mountains of León and expanded his holdings to include Noantica, Corniero and the Valle del Caso[762]. His son Flaín Muñoz was created conde, continued to consolidate the family's territorial holdings, and is recorded for the first time at the court of Vermudo II King of León in a document of 986. He presumably supported the king in the civil war of the time, like the condes de Cea. Flaín's sons, Fernando Flaínez and Pedro Flaínez, supported Alfonso V King of León and each founded branches of the family which gained considerable political influence during the 11th and 12th centuries. However, the kings of León must have found it difficult to manage the family's ambitions, bearing in mind the number of rebellions against the central authority in which family members were involved during this period.

A. ORIGINS

PURCELLO, son of --- ([800]-862). He lived in the area of Lois, León. He defeated the Moors at Río de las Dueñas in 853, for which he was rewarded by Ordoño I King of Asturias by confirmation of his position in the area of Valdoré.

m ---. The name of Purcello's wife is not known.

Purcello & his wife had one child:

1. FLAÍN Purcélliz. "Comite Didaco" donated property to the monastery of San Felices de Oca, by charter dated 869 "regnante Adefonso in Oveto et Didaco comite in Castella", witnessed by "Gomaze, Flagino"[763]. It is not known whether the witness "Flagino" was Fláin Purcélliz. m ---. The name of Flaín's wife is not known. Flaín & his wife had one child:

a) DIEGO Flagínez. m ---. The name of Diego's wife is not known. Diego & his wife had two children:

i) FLAÍN Díaz. His existence is corroborated by the chronicle of Ibn Hayyan, which describes how he was a supporter of Ramiro II King of León in the civil war with his brother ex-King Alfonso IV, and how his brother and son-in-law were killed in an attack in 932 [764]. "…Gutier Menendiz, Arias Menendiz, Flaginus Didaz…" subscribed the charter dated 5 Jun [892] under which Ranulfo Bishop of Astorga donated the church of Villanueva de Valdueza to San Pedro de Montes[765]. "…Guter Osoriz, Guter Menendi, Arias Menendiz, Flaginus Didaz, Fredinandus Didaz…" confirmed the charter dated 24 Apr [918], probably spurious, under which "Ordonius rex et Giloria regina" donated el Coto de Valdueza to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes[766]. The dating clause of a charter dated 943, under which "Abofetha et Cisla" donated property to the monastery of San Martín de Albelda, names "regnante principe Garseani in Pampilona, et comite Flagino in Vecharia…"[767]. "Garsea rex…cum genitrice Tuta regina" donated property to the monastery of San Martín de Albelda by charter dated 22 Nov 947, witnessed by "…Flaginus comes…"[768]. Tudemiro Bishop of Nájera donated property to the monastery of San Martín de Albelda by charter dated 22 Nov [947], confirmed by "…Flaginius comes, Garsia comes…"[769]. It is not certain that these documents refer to Flaín Díaz. m ---. The name of Flaín's wife is not known. Flaín & his wife had [four] children:

(a) MUNIO Flaínez (-962 before Jun).

- see below.

(b) FERNANDO Flaínez (-after 995). "Sanctius rex" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 26 Apr 960, confirmed by "Tarasia, Gilvira Ranimiri prolis", signed by "…Fredinando Flaini…"[770]. "Fredinandus Flaini et uxor Guntrodo" sold property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 8 Oct 960[771]. "Giloira Ranimiri principis filia" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 4 Apr 970, confirmed by "…Fredenando Flainiz…"[772]. He signed King Sancho I's 26 Apr 960 donation to the monastery of Sahagún, confirmed other documents 11 May 976, 16 Jun 977 and 18 Jan 982[773]. Conde in Salamanca 973. m GONTRODO, daughter of ---. "Fredinandus Flaini et uxor Guntrodo" sold property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 8 Oct 960[774]. Fernando & his wife had three children:

(1) AURIA Fernández .

(2) ELDOARA Fernández .

(3) AROZA Fernández .

(c) [VERMUDO Flaínez (-after 1 Jan 943). There is no direct proof that Vermudo Flaínez was the son of Flaín Díaz. However, this is suggested by his confirming the confiscation of Dom Patre's property by Ramiro II King of León 1 Jan 943, which he signed immediately after his supposed brother Munio Flaínez[775].]

(d) daughter. m --- (-killed 932[776]).

ii) son (-killed 932[777]). same person as…? FERNANDO Díaz . "…Guter Osoriz, Guter Menendi, Arias Menendiz, Flaginus Didaz, Fredinandus Didaz…" confirmed the charter dated 24 Apr [918], probably spurious, under which "Ordonius rex et Giloria regina" donated el Coto de Valdueza to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes[778]. The proximity of the names "Flaginus Didaz, Fredinandus Didaz" in this document suggests that they may have been brothers.

MUNIO Flaínez, son of FLAÍN Díaz & his wife --- (-962 before 19 Jun). He confirmed the confiscation of Dom Patre's property by Ramiro II King of León 1 Jan 943[779]. He and his wife received a donation in Otero 3 Dec 947[780]. "Monnio Flainz et uxor Froileuve" bought property "in valle de Laurenzo" by charter dated 29 Dec 947[781]. He confirmed his father-in-law's 13 Aug 949 donation to the monastery of Santiago de Valdávida and his 31 Jan 951 donation to the monastery of Sahagún[782]. The couple are recorded acquiring considerable property in the mountains between Asturias and León between 948 and 962[783].

m (before 13 Aug 947) FROILOBA Vermúdez, daughter of VERMUDO Núñez Conde de Cea & his first wife Argila --- . "Monnio Flainz et uxor Froileuve" bought property "in valle de Laurenzo" by charter dated 29 Dec 947[784]. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 8 Jul 985 under which her daughter "Scemena" donated property to Sahagún, confirmed by "Gundisalbo filiis Scemena", and which names "Munnio Flaginiz genitor Scemenæ, Froiloba genitrix Scimenæ…Virmudo Nunniz abo Scemenæ"[785]. She acquired property in Noanca without her husband 19 Jun 962 and 17 Sep 963[786].

Munio & his wife had two children:

1. FLAÍN Muñoz (-[998/1003]). Conde. He witnessed a 5 Jan 975 donation also witnessed by his parents-in-law[787]. His regular mentions in documents towards the end of the 10th century suggest that he was a supporter of Vermudo II King of León during the civil war in León[788]. m firstly (before 975) his first cousin, JUSTA Fernández, daughter of conde FERNANDO Vermúdez de Cea [León] & his wife condesa Elvira Díaz. m secondly (before 991) JUSTA Pépiz, daughter of [789][PEPI Alfonso/PEPI Garvísiz & his wife ---]. She is named as wife of Flaín Muñoz in 991[790]. "Justa y sus hijos Monnio, Fernando, Pedro, Elvira y Marina Flaginez" donated "Villa Uaica junto al rio Porma…tierras en Campo Molle, de la villa de Rezmonde…y de la mitad…en Villa Ratario" to Sahagún by charter dated 11 Mar 1003[791].

Conde Flaín & his first wife had three children:

a) MUNIO Flaínez (-after 1015). He confirmed the 1002 document of his brother Pedro and sister Marina[792]. "Justa y sus hijos Monnio, Fernando, Pedro, Elvira y Marina Flaginez" donated "Villa Uaica junto al rio Porma…tierras en Campo Molle, de la villa de Rezmonde…y de la mitad…en Villa Ratario" to Sahagún by charter dated 11 Mar 1003[793]. In 1012, he confirmed the return of the Castillo de San Salvador to the Bishop of León jointly with his brothers Fernando and Pedro [794]. Mayordomo 13 Mar 1015[795].

b) FERNANDO Flaínez (-after 1054). "Justa y sus hijos Monnio, Fernando, Pedro, Elvira y Marina Flaginez" donated "Villa Uaica junto al rio Porma…tierras en Campo Molle, de la villa de Rezmonde…y de la mitad…en Villa Ratario" to Sahagún by charter dated 11 Mar 1003[796]. Conde.

- see Part B. OSORIO.

c) ELVIRA Flaínez . "Justa y sus hijos Monnio, Fernando, Pedro, Elvira y Marina Flaginez" donated "Villa Uaica junto al rio Porma…tierras en Campo Molle, de la villa de Rezmonde…y de la mitad…en Villa Ratario" to Sahagún by charter dated 11 Mar 1003[797].

Conde Flaín & his second wife had two children:

d) conde PEDRO Flaínez (-[1070/72]). "Justa y sus hijos Monnio, Fernando, Pedro, Elvira y Marina Flaginez" donated "Villa Uaica junto al rio Porma…tierras en Campo Molle, de la villa de Rezmonde…y de la mitad…en Villa Ratario" to Sahagún by charter dated 11 Mar 1003[798]. 1000/1056.

- see below.

e) MARINA Flaínez . She carried out a transaction jointly with her brother Pedro in 1002, confirmed by their brother Munio [799]. "Justa y sus hijos Monnio, Fernando, Pedro, Elvira y Marina Flaginez" donated "Villa Uaica junto al rio Porma…tierras en Campo Molle, de la villa de Rezmonde…y de la mitad…en Villa Ratario" to Sahagún by charter dated 11 Mar 1003[800].

2. JIMENA Muñoz (-after 8 Jul 985). "Scemena" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 8 Jul 985, confirmed by "Gundisalbo filiis Scemena", and which names "Munnio Flaginiz genitor Scemenæ, Froiloba genitrix Scimenæ…Gomez Mirelliz pater Gundisalbo Gomiz [husband of Jimena]…Virmudo Nunniz abo Scemenæ"[801]. m GONZALO Gómez, son of GÓMEZ Mirélliz & his wife --- (-before 8 Jul 985). "Scemena" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 8 Jul 985, confirmed by "Gundisalbo filiis Scemena", and which names "Munnio Flaginiz genitor Scemenæ, Froiloba genitrix Scimenæ…Gomez Mirelliz pater Gundisalbo Gomiz [husband of Jimena]…Virmudo Nunniz abo Scemenæ"[802]. Gonzalo & his wife had one child:

a) GONZALO González . "Scemena" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 8 Jul 985, confirmed by "Gundisalbo filiis Scemena", and which names "Munnio Flaginiz genitor Scemenæ, Froiloba genitrix Scimenæ…Gomez Mirelliz pater Gundisalbo Gomiz [husband of Jimena]…Virmudo Nunniz abo Scemenæ"[803].

conde PEDRO Flaínez, son of FLAÍN Muñoz & his second wife Justa Pépiz (-[1070/72]). 1000/1056. He carried out a transaction jointly with his sister Marina in 1002, confirmed by their brother Munio788. "Justa y sus hijos Monnio, Fernando, Pedro, Elvira y Marina Flaginez" donated "Villa Uaica junto al rio Porma…tierras en Campo Molle, de la villa de Rezmonde…y de la mitad…en Villa Ratario" to Sahagún by charter dated 11 Mar 1003[804]. He participated in the conspiracy of his nephew Flaín Fernández for which various of his properties were confiscated including the family monastery of San Pedro de Valdoré[805].

m (before Jun 1006) BRONILDE ---, daughter of [806][don MUNIO Velásquez & his wife Goto] (-before 1056). She appears in documents with her husband from Jun 1006 until before 1056[807].

Pedro & his wife had five children:

1. don FÁFILA Pérez (-[1065/67]). 1015/1057. Mayordomo 24 May 1030, 28 Mar 1032 and 4 Oct 1032[808]. Conde [1040]. He and his siblings Diego, Fernando and Jimena were named in a donation to the monastery of San Pedro de Valdoré in 1052[809]. “Fáfila Pérez y su mujer doña Mumadona” sold property “situadas junto al río Órbigo en el lugar…´Fonte Mannane´ y la heredad que el rey Vermudo había dado al citado Fáfila Pérez en Ripiella, La Milla y Quintanilla” to “Jimeno Velásquez” by charter dated 14 May 1060[810]. He had presumably died before the donation made in 1067 by his brothers Diego and Fernando to his daughter Cristina. m firstly doña GOTINA González, daughter of --- (-after 1043). She is named jointly with her husband in a 1043 document [811]. m secondly (before 21 Sep 1057) doña MUNIADOMNA, daughter of --- (-after 14 May 1060). “Fáfila Pérez y su mujer doña Mumadona” sold property “situadas junto al río Órbigo en el lugar…´Fonte Mannane´ y la heredad que el rey Vermudo había dado al citado Fáfila Pérez en Ripiella, La Milla y Quintanilla” to “Jimeno Velásquez” by charter dated 14 May 1060[812]. Fáfila & his first wife had one child:

a) doña CRISTINA Fáfilaz . She received a donation in 1067 from her uncles Diego and Fernando Pérez[813].

Fáfila & his second wife had two children:

b) don MARTÍN Fáfilaz (-[1080/90]). He sold part of his family property to his uncle and aunt Diego Pérez and María in 1069 [814]. His property sales, and the absence of documents linking him with his supposed descendants suggest that his career was an obscure one compared to that of his better known cousins. m doña MARINA Pérez, daughter of ---. She appears jointly with her husband in a 1080 sale of property803. Martín & his wife had one possible child:

c) doña MARINA Fáfilaz .

2. don DIEGO Pérez (-[10 Aug/Dec] 1069). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 5 Apr 1078 under which “Maior Froilaz cognomento Maria con sus hijos Froila y Antonino, hijos de Diego Petriz y nietos del conde Pedro Flainiz” sold property to the church of Oviedo[815]. He acquired property near Porma 15 Feb 1044, other property in Atavlio jointly with his wife in 1056, and the villa de Primajas from his nephew Martín Fáfilaz 10 Aug 1069 [816].

- CIFUENTES.

3. don PELAYO Pérez

4. doña JIMENA Pérez (-after 1056). She sold the villa of Atavlio, near Gijón, to her brother Diego Pérez in 1056[817].

5. don FERNANDO Pérez (-[after 13 Oct 1075]). He appears with his wife in a 1064 document[818]. ["Fernando Petriz y su mujer Gelvira" donated property "en las villas de Villa Aker, Quintanella, Villanova, Villa Oria, Moral de rio de Porma, Villa Maria" and their part of the monasteries of "Santa María de Egunna y de San Estéban" to Sahagun by charter dated 13 Oct 1075[819]. It is not certain that this charter refers to the same couple, especially as Elvira is named without her husband after 1067, which suggests that he may already have been dead at that time.] m doña ELVIRA Núñez, daughter of don NUÑO Ermeíldez & his wife [doña Teresa García] (-[after 13 Oct 1075]). "Gelvira Nunniz y sus hijos Flaino, Gunterode y Justa" donated their part of "Noantica" to Sahagún by charter dated 1067[820]. She and her children appear without her husband in 1067 and subsequent documents[821]. "Gelvira hija de Nuño Ermeildiz y su hijo Flaino Fernandiz" donated property "in Sancta Cruce de Uouatella cerca del rio Cea" to "Estéban Cilvaniz y Gunterode" by charter dated 12 Jul 1071[822]. "Doña Elvira y su hijo Flainz Fernandez" donated property in "Villa Orelle in riuulo Ginginnati" to "Juan presbítero" by charter dated 13 May 1072[823]. ["Fernando Petriz y su mujer Gelvira" donated property "en las villas de Villa Aker, Quintanella, Villanova, Villa Oria, Moral de rio de Porma, Villa Maria" and their part of the monasteries of "Santa María de Egunna y de San Estéban" to Sahagun by charter dated 13 Oct 1075[824]. It is not certain that this charter refers to the same couple, especially as Elvira is named without her husband after 1067, which suggests that he may already have been dead at that time.] Fernando & his wife had three children:

a) don FLAÍN Fernández (-after 1078). "Gelvira Nunniz y sus hijos Flaino, Gunterode y Justa" donated their part of "Noantica" to Sahagún by charter dated 1067[825]. "Gelvira hija de Nuño Ermeildiz y su hijo Flaino Fernandiz" donated property "in Sancta Cruce de Uouatella cerca del rio Cea" to "Estéban Cilvaniz y Gunterode" by charter dated 12 Jul 1071[826]. "Doña Elvira y su hijo Flainz Fernandez" donated property in "Villa Orelle in riuulo Ginginnati" to "Juan presbítero" by charter dated 13 May 1072[827]. He confirmed a donation to the monastery of Sahagún in 1078[828]. m ---. The name of Flaín's wife is not known. Fláin & his wife had one child:

i) don FERNANDO Flaínez (-after 12 Jan 1106). He sold various properties he had received from his parents in 1101, was involved in a transaction with his cousin Martín Pérez concerning an inheritance 8 Jan 1106, and donated property 12 Jan 1106 when he specified that he was unmarried and without children[829].

b) doña GONTRODO Fernández . "Gelvira Nunniz y sus hijos Flaino, Gunterode y Justa" donated their part of "Noantica" to Sahagún by charter dated 1067[830].

c) doña JUSTA Fernández . "Gelvira Nunniz y sus hijos Flaino, Gunterode y Justa" donated their part of "Noantica" to Sahagún by charter dated 1067[831]. m (1080 or before) don MARTÍN Sánchez, son of ---.

B. OSORIO

FERNANDO Flaínez, son of FLAÍN Muñoz & his first wife Justa Fernández (-after 1054). "Justa y sus hijos Monnio, Fernando, Pedro, Elvira y Marina Flaginez" donated "Villa Uaica junto al rio Porma…tierras en Campo Molle, de la villa de Rezmonde…y de la mitad…en Villa Ratario" to Sahagún by charter dated 11 Mar 1003[832]. He joined with his brother Munio in his 1012 document[833]. 999/1054. Conde 1028. He supported Alfonso V King of León against rebellions by the nobility during the early years of his reign. Tenente of la Torres de León and governor of the city. He founded the monastery of Pereda 26 Feb 1020 jointly with his wife, and their children Flaín, Oveco, Pedro, Pelayo, Munio and Diego. "…Federnandus Flainiz comes…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Mar 1028 under which "Tarasia proles Ueremudi principis et xristi ancilla" donated property in León to Santiago de Compostela, for the soul of "genitricis mee dive memorie dne. Giloire regine"[834]. "La condesa doña Elvira y su marido el conde Fernando Flainz" a monastery "in territorio Saliame…in Oselia…Santa Maria" to Sahagún by charter dated 27 Apr 1028[835]. "…Fernandus Flainiz…" subscribed the charter dated 15 Nov 1028 under which "Ueremudus proles Adefonsi principis et Geluire regine" donated "villam meam…Cordario que fuit avorum et parentum meorum Menendi et dne Tote" to Santiago de Compostela[836]. He supported Sancho "el Mayor" King of Navarre in his war against Vermudo III King of León in 1034, although he barricaded himself in the city of León against Fernando I King of Castile after killing King Vermudo in battle at Tamarón. He held out until 21 Jun 1038, although he subsequently accepted the new royal government[837].

m ELVIRA Pélaez, daughter of conde PELAYO Rodríguez & his wife Gotina Fernández de Cea. "La condesa doña Elvira y su marido el conde Fernando Flainz" a monastery "in territorio Saliame…in Oselia…Santa Maria" to Sahagún by charter dated 27 Apr 1028[838]. Her parentage is suggested by the charter dated [13 Nov 1028] under which "Comite Fredelando Pelaioz…cum coniuge mea Gelvira et mater mea donna Gutina" confirmed a donation of property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, with the consent of her son "neptus mei Fernando Fredinandiz"[839].

Fernando & his wife had seven children:

1. don FERNANDO Fernández (-after [13 Nov 1028]). His parentage is suggested by the charter dated [13 Nov 1028] under which "Comite Fredelando Pelaioz…cum coniuge mea Gelvira et mater mea donna Gutina" confirmed a donation of property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, with the consent of "neptus mei Fernando Fredinandiz"[840].

2. don FLAÍN Fernández (-after 1070). Conde 1038. "…Flagino Fernandiz, Munio Fernandiz…" subscribed the charter dated 17 Feb 1039 under which Fernando I King of León donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas[841]. "…Flagino Fernandiz, Munio Fernandiz…" subscribed the charter dated 31 Aug 1050 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Martín del Río with San Pedro de Cardeñas[842]. It appears that he led a rebellion against Fernando I King of Castile and León in 1061, for which his property was confiscated[843]. Alfonso VI King of Castile donated "hereditates quos ganabit pater meus de comite Flagino Fredenandiz…secus flubio Estola, territorio Aquilare" to "soror mea domina Urracca prolis Fredenandiz" by charter dated 15 Oct 1071[844]. m firstly doña SANCHA ---, daughter of --- & his wife condesa doña Flámula (-after 1046). She is named as the wife of Flaín Fernández in a document dated 1046[845]. m secondly (after 1046) doña TODA Fernández, daughter of --- (-after 23 Apr 1075). She is identified clearly as the mother of the children of Flaín Fernández[846]. She confirmed the 23 Apr 1075 donation of her son Fernando[847]. Flaín & his second wife had three children:

a) don FERNANDO Flaínez (-after 1106). In 1072 he appears jointly with his brother Martín in the sale of his share of the villa of Faravellos de Cea[848]. A charter dated 25 Mar 1091 records that "el conde Martin Flainiz…con un hermano suyo" had donated property "en la villa…Faravellos" to Sahagun[849]. Alférez of Alfonso VI King of Castile 14 Mar 1075 to 17 Oct 1077[850]. It appears that he was disgraced in some way as he received no reward for his services and was evicted from his lands in 1078. In 1106 he agreed to leave all his property to the monastery of Sahagún if he died without issue[851].

b) doña ONEGA Flaínez (-after 1097). She was recorded in 1097 as having been guilty of an unspecified crime[852].

c) don MARTÍN Flaínez (-killed in battle Uclés May 1108). In 1072 he appears jointly with his brother Fernando837. Señor de Aguilar. Conde 1080.

- OSORIO.

3. doña JUSTA Fernández . She inherited property from her maternal uncle Fernando Peláez but was involved in a lawsuit over the inheritance[853]. same person as …? doña JUSTA Fernández . "La condesa doña Justa y su hijo Diego Ansuriz" donated their part of "Villa Alba…" to Sahagún by charter dated 1065[854]. She was named as the stepmother of don Pedro Ansúrez when he bought properties which had previously belonged to her 29 Mar 1085 [855]. She ended her life imprisoned in a monastery at Cluny[856]. m conde don ANSUR Díaz, son of conde DIEGO Fernández de Saldaña & his wife Marina [Ansúrez] (-30 Sep 1047).

4. don PEDRO Fernández (-after 1020). Alfonso V King of León granted him the heredad of Abaeif in 1014. His paternity is confirmed in a 1020 document of Benevivere[857].

5. don PELAYO Fernández (-after 1050). Alférez of Fernando I King of Castile 17 Feb 1039 to 20 Mar 1039. "Pealgio Fernandiz armiger regis…" subscribed the charter dated 17 Feb 1039 under which Fernando I King of León donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas[858]. Conde 1043. m ---. The name of Pelayo's wife is not known. Pelayo & his wife had one child:

a) don FLAÍN Peláez (-after 1 Feb 1083). "Vela Bermuiz y su hijo Bermudo" sold property to "Flain Pelaiz y a su mujer doña Gotina Bermuiz…y a Bermudo Flainz hijo de los mismos" by charter dated 1 Feb 1083[859]. m as her second husband, doña GOTINA Vermúdez, widow of don PEDRO Nuñez, daughter of --- (-after 1 Feb 1083). "Vela Bermuiz y su hijo Bermudo" sold property to "Flain Pelaiz y a su mujer doña Gotina Bermuiz…y a Bermudo Flainz hijo de los mismos" by charter dated 1 Feb 1083[860]. "Gotina Bermuiz" donated her share "en Villa Abduz, en Santa María de Curonio" to Sahagun by charter dated 1 Apr 1091[861]. Flaín & his wife had two children:

i) don VERMUDO Flaínez (-after 1 Feb 1083). "Vela Bermuiz y su hijo Bermudo" sold property to "Flain Pelaiz y a su mujer doña Gotina Bermuiz…y a Bermudo Flainz hijo de los mismos" by charter dated 1 Feb 1083[862].

ii) don GONZALO Flaínez (-after 15 Dec 1096). "Gonzalo Flainz, su mujer Marina Álbariz y Pedro, Juan y Bermudo Álbariz" donated property "en Santa María de Curonio y en Sopenna" to Sahagun by charter dated 15 Dec 1096[863]. m doña MARINA Álvarez, daughter of --- (-after 15 Dec 1096). "Gonzalo Flainz, su mujer Marina Álbariz y Pedro, Juan y Bermudo Álbariz" donated property "en Santa María de Curonio y en Sopenna" to Sahagun by charter dated 15 Dec 1096[864].

6. don MUNIO Fernández (-after 31 Aug 1050). "…Flagino Fernandiz, Munio Fernandiz…" subscribed the charter dated 17 Feb 1039 under which Fernando I King of León donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas[865]. "…Flagino Fernandiz, Munio Fernandiz…" subscribed the charter dated 31 Aug 1050 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Martín del Río with San Pedro de Cardeñas[866].

7. don DIEGO Fernández (-before 1046). Conde. m firstly doña ELVIRA Ovéquiz, daughter of conde don OVECO Sánchez & his wife doña Elo ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 24 Jul 1046 which refers to property which “comitissa domna Gelvira et…viro suo Didaco Fredenandi” inherited from “comite domno Oveco et domna Eilo”, another charter dated 19 Apr 1058 specifying that “conde Oveco Sanchez” was father of Elvira[867]. m secondly doña CRISTINA Fernández, daughter of [don FERNANDO Gundemáriz & his wife Jimena de León]. She is named as the mother of Jimena Díaz, wife of Rodrigo Díaz "el Cid", by Carriedo[868]. Diego & his first wife had one child:

a) doña ONECA [Mayor] Díaz (before [1030]-after 19 Apr 1058). Assuming that the 24 Jul 1046 charter, quoted below, is correctly dated, it is unlikely that Oneca was born later than 1030 considering that she was already married at that date. Bearing in mind the chronology of her mother and maternal grandparents, it is probable that she was born much earlier than this. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 24 Jul 1046 under which “Oneca Diaz…cum viro meo Gundemaro Joannes” declared themselves “vigarius et personarius de comite Didaco Fredenandi et de comitissa domna Gelvira” and refers to property which “comitssa domna Gelvira et…viro suo Didaco Fredenandi” inherited from “comite domno Oveco et domna Eilo”, together with another charter dated 19 Apr 1058 which specifies that “conde Oveco Sanchez” was father of Elvira[869]. [Fernando Díaz granted the monastery of Santa María in Oviedo to his wife Enderquina Muñoz as arras by charter dated 17 Apr 1097, the document naming his wife´s father, her brother-in-law Rodrigo Díaz and her sister-in-law Mayor Díaz together with the latter's husband Golmaro Ioannes[870]. The text of this document has not yet been checked to confirm whether it includes references to the actual relationships "brother-in-law" and "sister-in-law", whether the language indicates that the named individuals were alive or deceased at the time, and the context in which they are named (subscribers, joint holders of the property etc). The reference to Golmaro Ioannes suggests that "Mayor Díaz" was the same person as "Oneca Díaz" who is named in the 24 Jul 1046 charter, as "Golmaro" could be a variation of the name Gundemaro. However, assuming that the 17 Apr 1097 charter indicates that the named individuals were alive at the time, Oneca Díaz and her husband Gundemaro Ioannes would have been rather old at the time. Until the 17 Apr 1097 charter is checked, it is preferable to highlight the doubt about this co-identity by showing this charter in square brackets.] m (before 24 Jul 1046) don GUNDEMARO [Golmaro] Ioannes, son of ---. "Gundemaro Iohannes" confirmed two diplomas of King Fernando I in 1053 and 1056[871]. He was the brother of Flámula and Goina[872].

Diego & his second wife had four children:

b) don RODRIGO Díaz (-before 1090). "…Ruderico Didaz, Fernando Didaz…" subscribed the charter dated 15 Oct 1071 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile donated "…hereditates que fuerunt de comitisssa domina Geluira filia comes Faffila Fernandiz…in ripa de Estola et in illa terra de Sumontia" to "soror mea domina Urracca prolis Fredenandiz"[873]. In 1083, he and his siblings Fernando and Jimena Díaz claimed rights to the monastery of San Salvador de Tol[874]. Conde de Asturias. [Fernando Díaz granted the monastery of Santa María in Oviedo to his wife Enderquina Muñoz as arras by charter dated 17 Apr 1097, the document naming his wife´s father, her brother-in-law Rodrigo Díaz and her sister-in-law Mayor Díaz together with the latter's husband Golmaro Ioannes[875]. The text of this document has not yet been checked to confirm whether it includes references to the actual relationships "brother-in-law" and "sister-in-law", whether the language indicates that the named individuals were alive or deceased at the time, and the context in which they are named (subscribers, joint holders of the property etc). Concerning "Rodrigo Díaz" who is named in this document, there are two possibilities: either Rodrigo Díaz, son of Diego Fernández, or Rodrigo Díaz, husband of Jimena Díaz (see below), both of whom were "brother-in-law" of Enderquina Muñoz. Until the 17 Apr 1097 charter is checked, it is preferable to highlight the doubt about this co-identity by showing this charter in square brackets.] m GONTRODO, daughter of ---. She is named as the wife of Rodrigo Díaz in documentation from Corias[876].

c) don FERNANDO Díaz (-[killed in battle Uclés May 1108]). "…Ruderico Didaz, Fernando Didaz…" subscribed the charter dated 15 Oct 1071 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile donated "…hereditates que fuerunt de comitisssa domina Geluira filia comes Faffila Fernandiz…in ripa de Estola et in illa terra de Sumontia" to "soror mea domina Urracca prolis Fredenandiz"[877].

- ASTURIAS de OVIEDO.

d) doña JIMENA Díaz (-1106). The "Corónicas" Navarras record that "este meo Çid" married "dona Xemena, nieta del rey don Alfonsso, filla del conte don Diago de Asturias"[878]. "Rodric Diaz et uxor mea Scemena" donated property to the abbey of Silos by charter dated 12 May 1076[879]. She attempted to retain control of Valencia after her husband's death but finally evacuated the city Apr/May 1102. The Anales Toledanos record the death in 1106 of “Dona Ximena su muger [del Cid]”[880]. m don RODRIGO Díaz de Vivar "El Cid Campeador", son of Diego Laínez & Teresa Rodríguez (Vivar near Burgos [1043]-Valencia [10] Jul 1099, bur Cardeña). Alférez of Sancho II King of Castile 1066. Lord and independent ruler of Valencia 1094-1099.

e) doña AUROVITA Díaz . She is named as sister of Rodrigo and Fernándo Díaz in their 1083 donation to the monastery of San Vicente, which also gives the name of her husband[881]. m don MUNIO Godestéiz, son of ---. He fought with his brother-in-law Rodrigo Díaz "el Cid" and accompanied his widow doña Jimena Díaz after his death[882].

Chapter 8. FAMILY of GONZALO García

GONZALO García, son of GARCÍA [I] Fernández Conde de Castilla & his wife Ava de Ribagorza (-after [27 Feb 1011]). "Garsias Ferdinandez…cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of Infantado de Covarrubias, offering "filiam…nostram Urracam" as a nun there, by charter dated 25 Dec 978, confirmed by "Sancio Garsea, Gundisalbo Garsea…"[883]. "Gonzalo García" also witnessed the 12 Feb 1011 document founding the monastery of San Salvador de Oña and the 27 Feb 1011 sale of the Villa of Oca[884], but it is not known whether this was the same person.

m ---. The name of Gonzalo's wife is not known.

Gonzalo & his wife had two children:

1. SALVADOR González (-after 1053). 1031. Tenente de Bureba. He and his brother Munio entered the service of Sancho III King of Navarre[885]. "Salvator Gundisalviz cum coniuge mea Moma Donna" donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 1 Jul 1047[886]. "Salbatore Gundisalviz et filiis meis Gundisalvo et Albaro" donated their share "in villa…Mofarebes" to the monastery of San Cosme y Damián y Santa Eufemia by charter dated "sub era MLIII regnante rex Fredinandus" (presumably A. D. 1053)[887]. m MUNIADOMNA, daughter of --- (-after 1 Jul 1047). "Salvator Gundisalviz cum coniuge mea Moma Donna" donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 1 Jul 1047[888]. Salvador & his wife had [three] children:

a) GONZALO Salvadórez (-killed in battle Rueda 6 Jan 1083). "Salbatore Gundisalviz et filiis meis Gundisalvo et Albaro" donated their share "in villa…Mofarebes" to the monastery of San Cosme y Damián y Santa Eufemia by charter dated "sub era MLIII regnante rex Fredinandus" (presumably A. D. 1053)[889]. He confirmed a donation by Fernando I King of Castile to the monastery of Oña in 1056, together with his father and his paternal uncle Munio González[890]. He confirmed charters under Sancho I King of Castile. "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", and "doña Tido" for "mis fijos Diego Gonzalez e Martin Gonzalez, que de Gonzalo Perez mi marido ove", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[891]. Conde. "Sancius…princeps" declared the freedom of the people of Lara to undertake pilgrimage to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated to [1073], which names "comes Gonzalvo Salvatorez, qui Laram dominabatur"[892]. "Burgensis dominans, tocius Castelle rex…Sancius" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 18 Jan [1070], subscribed by "…Gonzalvo Salvadorez, Alvaro Salvadorez…"[893]. "Adefonsus…tocius Ispanie rex" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter darted 1082, confirmed by "…comite Gundissalvo et frater eius Gonzalvo Salvatoris…"[894]. "Senior Veremudus Gutier et uxor mea dompna Gutina" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter darted 1082, confirmed by "…comite Gonzalvo Salvatoriz, frater eius Alvaro Salvatoriz…"[895]. He and his son-in-law were invited by the Moorish holders of the castle of Rueda de Jalón to enter the castle, in the name of Alfonso VI King of Castile and León, but were massacred[896]. The Annales Compostellani record that “Gundisalvus Comes” was killed “apud Rodam” in 1084[897]. m firstly ELVIRA Díaz, daughter of DIEGO Álvarez & his wife ---. Sánchez de Mora names “Elvira, hija de Diego Álvarez” as the first wife of Gonzalo Salvadórez and their children “Goto, Toda, Munia, Dueña, García y Gustio”[898]. m secondly doña SANCHA, daughter of ---. "…Domna Sancia…cum filio suo domno Gomiz" confirmed a charter of the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla dated 1086[899]. Gonzalo & his first wife had six children:

i) GOTO González (-1087 or before). Sánchez de Mora names “Elvira, hija de Diego Álvarez” as the first wife of Gonzalo Salvadórez and their children “Goto, Toda, Munia, Dueña, García y Gustio”[900]. "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[901]. “Conde Fernando Díaz” donated property, inherited by his wife Goto from her father and her uncle Álvaro Salvadórez, to San Salvador de Oña by charter dated 1087[902]. m as his first wife, FERNANDO Díaz, son of don DIEGO Fernández & his second wife doña Cristina Fernández (-[killed in battle Uclés May 1108]).

ii) TODA González . Sánchez de Mora names “Elvira, hija de Diego Álvarez” as the first wife of Gonzalo Salvadórez and their children “Goto, Toda, Munia, Dueña, García y Gustio”[903]. "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[904].

iii) MUNIA González . Sánchez de Mora names “Elvira, hija de Diego Álvarez” as the first wife of Gonzalo Salvadórez and their children “Goto, Toda, Munia, Dueña, García y Gustio”[905]. same person as…? MAYOR González . "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[906].

iv) DUEÑA González . Sánchez de Mora names “Elvira, hija de Diego Álvarez” as the first wife of Gonzalo Salvadórez and their children “Goto, Toda, Munia, Dueña, García y Gustio”[907]. As the undated charter of their father for San Martín de Escalada only names three daughters, presumably either Munia or Dueña predeceased their mother.

v) GARCÍA González . Sánchez de Mora names “Elvira, hija de Diego Álvarez” as the first wife of Gonzalo Salvadórez and their children “Goto, Toda, Munia, Dueña, García y Gustio”[908]. "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[909].

vi) GUSTIO González . Sánchez de Mora names “Elvira, hija de Diego Álvarez” as the first wife of Gonzalo Salvadórez and their children “Goto, Toda, Munia, Dueña, García y Gustio”[910]. "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[911].

Gonzalo & his second wife had [two] children:

vii) GÓMEZ González (-killed in battle Candespina 26 Oct 1111, bur San Salvador de Oña). "…Domna Sancia…cum filio suo domno Gomiz" confirmed a charter of the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla dated 1086[912]. Conde 1099.

- MANZANEDO.

viii) FERNANDO González . Sánchez de Mora names “Gómez y Fernando” as the children of Gonzalo Salvadórez by his second wife Sancha[913]. "…Fernandus Guncaluiz, Didacus Guncaluiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1095 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile granted protection to the merchants of Compostela[914].

ix) [DIEGO González (-after 1095). "…Fernandus Guncaluiz, Didacus Guncaluiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1095 under which Alfonso VI King of Castile granted protection to the merchants of Compostela[915].

b) ÁLVARO Salvadórez (-after 1082). "Salbatore Gundisalviz et filiis meis Gundisalvo et Albaro" donated their share "in villa…Mofarebes" to the monastery of San Cosme y Damián y Santa Eufemia by charter dated "sub era MLIII regnante rex Fredinandus" (presumably A. D. 1053)[916]. "Burgensis dominans, tocius Castelle rex…Sancius" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 18 Jan [1070], subscribed by "…Gonzalvo Salvadorez, Alvaro Salvadorez…"[917]. "…Alvaro Salvatoriz et uxor mea Iuliana…" confirmed the monastery of Santa María by charter dated 27 May 1072[918]. He is named as the brother of Gonzalo Salvadórez in 1082[919]. "Adefonsus…tocius Ispanie rex" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1082, confirmed by "…comite Gundissalvo et frater eius Gonzalvo Salvatoris…"[920], the latter presumably being an error for Álvaro. "Senior Veremudus Gutier et uxor mea dompna Gutina" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter darted 1082, confirmed by "…comite Gonzalvo Salvatoriz, frater eius Alvaro Salvatoriz…"[921]. m JULIANA, daughter of … (-after 27 May 1072). "…Alvaro Salvatoriz et uxor mea Iuliana…" confirmed the monastery of Santa María by charter dated 27 May 1072[922].

c) [NUÑO Salvadórez . There appears to be no independent evidence of the existence of this person, apart from the speculation concerning the paternal origin of Gonzalo Núñez de Lara (see below). His absence from the charter dated 1053, which names his supposed father and the two known sons of the latter (see above), suggests that Nuño may not have been the son of Salvador González. m ---. One possible child:]

i) [GONZALO Núñez ([1050/55][923]-after 12 Dec 1105). His birth date range is estimated from the estimated birth date of his son Pedro, and his first known subscription to a charter of the monastery of Oña dated 12 May 1075[924]. The parentage of Gonzalo Núñez de Lara is not known. It appears that his relationship with the Salvadórez family was first proposed in the 17th century by Fray Prudencio de Sandoval, who suggests that he was the son of Nuño Álvarez supposed son of Álvaro Salvadorez[925]. However, this hypothesis does not appear consistent with Gonzalo´s estimated date of birth. Menéndez Pidal suggested[926] that Gonzalo was the son of a brother of Gonzalo Salvadórez, great grandson of Fernando Gonzále z Conde de Castilla, whom he suggests was named Nuño Salvadórez (about whose existence there is no other indication), although Torres cites no sources on which this speculation is based[927]. Sánchez de Mora suggests that Gonzalo Núñez was the son of Munio González, brother of Salvador González[928]. If the birth date of his son Pedro is correctly estimated to [1085] (see below), it appears chronologically more appropriate that Gonzalo belonged to the generation which succeeded Gonzalo Salvadórez, assuming that he was a member of the Salvadórez family in the first place which is not beyond doubt.]

- LARA.

2. MUNIO González (-[after 1082]). He was documented in Álava and Lantarón between 1033 and 1037, and in Viesgo and las Asturias de Santillana between 1067 and 1082, although it is possible that these groups of documents refer to two different individuals because of the otherwise unusual longevity this would imply. m ---. The name of Munio´s wife is not known. Munio & his wife had [three] children:

a) RODRIGO Muñoz . “Rodrigo Muñoz, Gutierre Muñoz” confirmed a charter dated 21 Jul 1090, and a charter dated 1084 refers to property “iusta limites de filios de comite Monio Gonzalbiz”[929]. According to Reilly, he was Conde Rodrigo Muñoz, and the cousin of don Rodrigo, husband of Infanta doña Sancha de Castilla[930].

b) GUTIERRE Muñoz . “Rodrigo Muñoz, Gutierre Muñoz” confirmed a charter dated 21 Jul 1090, and a charter dated 1084 refers to property “iusta limites de filios de comite Monio Gonzalbiz”[931].

c) [JIMENA . “Los hermanos Rodrigo y Jimena” donated property to Santa María del Puerto by charter dated 22 Jun 1085[932].]

Chapter 9. FAMILY of ORDOÑO VERMÚDEZ, in GALICIA

ORDOÑO Vermúdez, illegitimate son of VERMUDO II King of León & his mistress --- (-after 18 Sep 1042). His paternity is recorded in a document of León Cathedral[933]. The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "infante Ordoño" as the son of King Vermudo II by one of "two nobles sisters"[934]. Mayordomo of Alfonso V King of León 27 Mar 1024[935]. "…Hordonius proles Ueremudi…" (signing second among the lay subscribers) subscribed the charter dated 15 Nov 1028 under which "Ueremudus proles Adefonsi principis et Geluire regine" donated "villam meam…Cordario que fuit avorum et parentum meorum Menendi et dne Tote" to Santiago de Compostela[936]. His 18 Sep 1042 donation to the monastery of Santa María Virgen de León names his wife, and children Vermudo, Sancho, Fernando and Jimena, and granddaughter Marina, daughter of his deceased son Pelayo[937].

m FRONILDA Peláez, daughter of conde PELAYO Rodríguez & his wife condesa Gotina Vermúdez (-after 1058). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Infanta Fronilde Peláez" as the wife of "Infante Ordoño"[938]. She is named in the 1058 document of Elvira Vermúdez, although this does not specify the relationship.

Ordoño Vermúdez & his wife had seven children[939]:

1. SANCHO Ordóñez (-[1077/82]). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Alfonso Ordóñez, Pelayo Ordóñez, Vermudo Ordóñez, Sancho Ordóñez and Jimena Ordóñez" as the children of "Infante Ordoño" & his wife[940]. Conde [1059/61]. He made a joint donation with his wife to Samos San Samed, and a donation to the Cathedral of León in 1077[941]. m ONECA Ovéquiz, daughter of conde OVECO Vermúdez & his wife Elvira Suárez (-after 1082). A charter dated 1082 names “duo comites magni: Vela Ovequiz et Ruderico Ovequiz cum Aldoncia et Tota uxores forum et cum sorore sua comitissa Oneca Ovequiz…de patre nostro comes Oveco Vermudez”[942]. “Comitissa domna Oneca” donated property to Lugo “pro filiis suis Veremundo et Vela Sanchez”[943]. The identity of her husband is confirmed further by a charter dated 23 Feb 1074 which names “Santius comes proles Ordonii, Vela proles Sancii”[944]. Sancho & his wife had four children:

a) OVECO Sánchez (-after 1109). His paternity is confirmed in a document of 1074 [945]. "Oveco Sanxix, su mujer Eilo Álbariz y sus hijos Sancho y Urraca Ovequiz" part of "Villa Grati" to Sahagun by charter dated 19 Dec 1104[946]. m (before 1085) ELO Álvarez, daughter of --- (-after 19 Dec 1104). She made a joint donation with her husband in 1085, and is mentioned by name in a 1099 document of the monastery of Samos[947]. "Oveco Sanxix, su mujer Eilo Álbariz y sus hijos Sancho y Urraca Ovequiz" part of "Villa Grati" to Sahagun by charter dated 19 Dec 1104[948]. Oveco & his wife had two children:

i) SANCHO Ovéquiz (-1113). He is named in the 1102 donation of his father[949]. "Oveco Sanxix, su mujer Eilo Álbariz y sus hijos Sancho y Urraca Ovequiz" part of "Villa Grati" to Sahagun by charter dated 19 Dec 1104[950]. m JIMENA Pérez, daughter of ---. She is named as her husband's widow in 1113[951].

ii) URRACA Ovéquiz (-after 19 Dec 1104). "Oveco Sanxix, su mujer Eilo Álbariz y sus hijos Sancho y Urraca Ovequiz" part of "Villa Grati" to Sahagun by charter dated 19 Dec 1104[952].

b) VELA Sánchez (-before 1109). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 23 Feb 1074 which names “Santius comes proles Ordonii, Vela proles Sancii”[953].

c) FRONILDE Sánchez (-before 1109). She died before her brother Oveco who refers to her in a donation in her memory[954].

d) JIMENA Sánchez (-after 1109). She made a joint donation with her brother Oveco to the Cathedral of León in 1109, also referring to their deceased brother Vela[955].

2. FERNANDO Ordóñez (-1059). He is named in his parents' donation of the monastery of Santa María to the Cathedral of León[956], although he is omitted from the list of children of Ordoño Vermúdez set out in the Chronicon Regum Legionensium[957]. m FRONILDE Gutiérrez, daughter of conde GUTIERRE Alfonso & his wife Godo --- (-[1084/85]). She is named as the wife of Fernando Ordóñez in a document at Sahagún dated 1059[958]. "Maria Guterriz…con sus hermanas doña Fronilli, Donella y Tegridia" donated "la villa…Petra Fita en la ribera del rio Cea en territorio de Castro Fruela" to "Velasco Velaz y su mujer Isabel" by charter dated 12 Feb 1074[959]. "Fronildi Guterriz" donated property in "la villa…Abasta" to "Froila Citiz" for good service by charter dated 28 Sep 1074[960]. "Fronildi Guterriz" donated property "que tenía de sus padres el conde D. Gutier y la condesa doña Goto" to "Pelagio Bermuiz" by charter dated 9 Feb 1078, which records that she had "filios ex viro suo Fredinando Ordonniz unus Uermudo et alius Nunnio et alia Scemena Munnio", that Vermudo had died leaving "filium parvulum non plus etate qua uno anno" and that "neptum suum Pelagio filio Uermudo Fredinandiz concubino" inherited just as if he had been born legitimate[961]. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1104 under which her grandson "Pelagio Vermudiz filio Vermudo Fernandiz" entered Sahagún monastery and made donations and names "avola mea Fronildi Guterriz"[962]. Fernando & his wife had three children:

a) JIMENA Fernández (-after 31 Mar 1108). "Fronildi Guterriz" donated property by charter dated 9 Feb 1078, which records that she had "filios ex viro suo Fredinando Ordonniz unus Uermudo et alius Nunnio et alia Scemena Munnio", that Vermudo had died leaving "filium parvulum non plus etate qua uno anno" and that "neptum suum Pelagio filio Uermudo Fredinandiz concubino" inherited just as if he had been born legitimate[963]. "Jimena Fernandez y su hijo Fernando Nuñez" donated property "in Villa Rein, Falafes, Felz et in castro de Benuibre…" to Sahagun by charter dated 31 Mar 1108[964]. m NUÑO ---. Nuño & his wife had one child:

i) FERNANDO Núñez (-after 31 Mar 1108). "Jimena Fernandez y su hijo Fernando Nuñez" donated property "in Villa Rein, Falafes, Felz et in castro de Benuibre…" to Sahagun by charter dated 31 Mar 1108[965].

b) VERMUDO Fernández (-before 1078). "Fronildi Guterriz" donated property by charter dated 9 Feb 1078, which records that she had "filios ex viro suo Fredinando Ordonniz unus Uermudo et alius Nunnio et alia Scemena Munnio", that Vermudo had died leaving "filium parvulum non plus etate qua uno anno" and that "neptum suum Pelagio filio Uermudo Fredinandiz concubino" inherited just as if he had been born legitimate[966]. His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1104 under which his son "Pelagio Vermudiz filio Vermudo Fernandiz" entered Sahagún monastery and made donations, naming "avola mea Fronildi Guterriz"[967]. Vermudo had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

i) PELAYO Vermúdez . "Fronildi Guterriz" donated property by charter dated 9 Feb 1078, which records that she had "filios ex viro suo Fredinando Ordonniz unus Uermudo et alius Nunnio et alia Scemena Munnio", that Vermudo had died leaving "filium parvulum non plus etate qua uno anno" and that "neptum suum Pelagio filio Uermudo Fredinandiz concubino" inherited just as if he had been born legitimate[968]. A monk at Sahagún. "Pelagio Vermudiz filio Vermudo Fernandiz" entered Sahagún monastery and made donations by charter dated 1104, which names "avola mea Fronildi Guterriz"[969].

c) MUNIO Fernández . "Fronildi Guterriz" donated property by charter dated 9 Feb 1078, which records that she had "filios ex viro suo Fredinando Ordonniz unus Uermudo et alius Nunnio et alia Scemena Munnio", that Vermudo had died leaving "filium parvulum non plus etate qua uno anno" and that "neptum suum Pelagio filio Uermudo Fredinandiz concubino" inherited just as if he had been born legitimate[970]. A monk at Cluny[971].

3. ALFONSO Ordóñez . The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Alfonso Ordóñez, Pelayo Ordóñez, Vermudo Ordóñez, Sancho Ordóñez and Jimena Ordóñez" as the children of "Infante Ordoño" & his wife[972]. He is named in the document of 1042, before the listing of his presumed siblings. Conde [1043/47].

4. VERMUDO Ordóñez . The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Alfonso Ordóñez, Pelayo Ordóñez, Vermudo Ordóñez, Sancho Ordóñez and Jimena Ordóñez" as the children of "Infante Ordoño" & his wife[973]. "…Veremudus Ordoniz…" subscribed the charter dated 25 Jun 1066 under which "Urraca Fredenandi principis filia" donated property "in valle de vice territorio Portugale" to Santiago de Compostela[974]. Conde. "Geluira regina" donated property "in Lemabus villam…in Triacastella…et…in Valle Carcere" to Santiago de Compostela by charter dated 10 Dec 1068, subscribed by "Veremudus proles Hordonii com…"[975]. He made a donation to the monastery of Samos in 1074 which refers to his son. m SANCHA Eriz, daughter of ---. She sold a property in Bergido jointly with her husband[976]. Vermudo & his wife had one child:

a) FERNANDO Vermúdez . Conde. m MARÍA González, daughter of GONZALO Muñoz & his wife --- (-before 11 May 1094). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 11 May 1094 under which "La condesa Ildonza Gonzalviz…con su hermano el conde Alfonso" donated two thirds of "Sancta Euuenia" to "Elvira Fernandiz hija de su hermana la condesa doña María", in exchange for "Couelas en la ribera del Duero, de Ysorno, Villa Velasco y San Roman de illa Cuba"[977]. Fernando & his wife had two children:

i) ELVIRA Fernández . "La condesa Ildonza Gonzalviz…con su hermano el conde Alfonso" donated two thirds of "Sancta Euuenia" to "Elvira Fernandiz hija de su hermana la condesa doña María", in exchange for "Couelas en la ribera del Duero, de Ysorno, Villa Velasco y San Roman de illa Cuba", by charter dated 11 May 1094[978].

ii) SANCHA Fernández . m conde ÁLVARO . Álvaro & his wife had three children:

(a) VERMUDO Álvarez .

(b) RODRIGO Álvarez .

5. PELAYO Ordóñez (-before 1042). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Alfonso Ordóñez, Pelayo Ordóñez, Vermudo Ordóñez, Sancho Ordóñez and Jimena Ordóñez" as the children of "Infante Ordoño" & his wife[979]. m COREXIA, daughter of --- (-[1085/93]). She is named in her daughter's 1067 donation, and in her own 1080 donation to the monastery of Peñalba[980]. Pelayo & his wife had one child:

a) MARINA Peláez . m PELAYO Herraméliz, son of ---. Pelayo & his wife had two children:

i) FRONILDE Peláez . m PEDRO Múñoz . Pedro & his wife had two children:

(a) AURO Pérez .

(b) MUNIO Pérez . 1120.

ii) JIMENA Peláez .

6. OVECO Ordóñez . His paternity is named in a document which also refers to his brother Vermudo[981], although he is omitted from the list of children of Ordoño Vermúdez set out in the Chronicon Regum Legionensium[982]. Oveco had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

a) RODRIGO Vela .

7. JIMENA Ordóñez . The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Alfonso Ordóñez, Pelayo Ordóñez, Vermudo Ordóñez, Sancho Ordóñez and Jimena Ordóñez" as the children of "Infante Ordoño" & his wife, specifying that Jimena married "count Muño Rodríguez"[983]. She and her husband made a joint purchase of property in Villa Canaria in 1033[984]. m (before 1033) as his first wife, conde don MUNIO Rodríguez Señor del Solar, son of conde don RODRIGO Romániz & his wife doña Elvira Rodríguez (-[1074/75]).

Chapter 10. FAMILY of PELAYO Fróilaz "el Diácono"

Three brothers, parents not known.

1. FROILA Jiménez . Conde. He founded the monastery of San Pedro de Teberga. m ---. The name of Froila's wife is not known. Froila & his wife had one child:

a) PELAYO Fróilaz “el Diácono" (-[1048/49]). Conde.

- see below.

2. SANCHO Jiménez .

3. PIÑOLO Jiménez .

PELAYO Fróilaz “el Diácono", son of FROILA Jiménez & his wife --- (-[1048/49]). Alférez 11 Apr 1015-26 Feb 1020. Conde [1026/30][985]. "…Pelagio Froilaz…" subscribed the charter dated 15 Nov 1028 under which "Ueremudus proles Adefonsi principis et Geluire regine" donated "villam meam…Cordario que fuit avorum et parentum meorum Menendi et dne Tote" to Santiago de Compostela[986]. King Vermudo III granted “la vila de Lapedo…en el territorio de Salcedo, que fue de su abuela la reina Velasquita” and “otra villa…´Framilani´ situada en el territorio de Asma” to “conde Pelayo Fróilaz y a su mujer la condesa Aldonza Ordóñez” by charter dated 4 Oct 1032[987]. His 1048 purchase of a property in Villaturiel names his father[988].

m ([1013]) ALDONZA Ordóñez, daughter of ORDOÑO Ramírez de León & his wife Cristina Vermúdez de León (-after 1050). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "Alfonso Ordóñez, Sancha Ordóñez and countess Eldonza who was the wife of Pelayo Fróilaz who was a deacon" as the children of "the son of the Infante Ramiro, the Infante Ordoño, who was blind" & his wife[989]. The Chronicon Mundi of Lucas Tudensis names "Adefonsum…Ordonium, Pelagiam comitissam et Eldonciam" as the children of "Christina…ex infante Ordonio cœco filio Ramiri regis", adding that "Eldonciam" married "Pelagii Froylæ"[990]. King Vermudo III granted “la vila de Lapedo…en el territorio de Salcedo, que fue de su abuela la reina Velasquita” and “otra villa…´Framilani´ situada en el territorio de Asma” to “conde Pelayo Fróilaz y a su mujer la condesa Aldonza Ordóñez” by charter dated 4 Oct 1032[991].

Pelayo & his wife had eight children:

1. doña JIMENA Peláez (-after 16 Jul 1095). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "count Pedro Peláez, Ordoño Peláez, Pelayo Peláez, Muño Peláez, and the mother of count Suero and his brothers, and countess Teresa of Carrión who built the church of San Zoilo" as the children of "Pelayo Fróilaz" & his wife[992]. Her name is confirmed by the charter under which “Veremutus Ovequiz et uxor eius Xemena” donated property to Corias[993]. “Suarius Veremutiz cum fratribus suis Adefonso et Guterrius, Maior Gondisalviz, Scemena Pelagii…” are named in a document of Cornellana dated 16 Jul 1095[994]. m conde don VERMUDO Ovéquiz, son of conde OVECO Vermúdez & his wife doña Elvira Suárez (-after 1092).

2. doña ELVIRA Peláez . She named her parents in a document of the Cathedral of Oviedo[995]. She died before her mother, who mentions her deceased daughter Elvira in a document of the Cathedral of Oviedo[996]. m conde MUNIO Fernández, son of ---. "…Muninus Fernandiz…" subscribed the charter dated 25 Jun 1066 under which "Urraca Fredenandi principis filia" donated property "in valle de vice territorio Portugale" to Santiago de Compostela[997]. Munio & his wife had one child:

a) doña ALDONZA Muñoz (-after 23 May 1097). A charter dated 1082 names “duo comites magni: Vela Ovequiz et Ruderico Ovequiz cum Aldoncia et Tota uxores suorum et cum sorore sua comitissa Oneca Ovequiz…de patre nostro comes Oveco Vermudez”[998]. She identified her parents in her 1092 testament, and made another testament at Sahagún 23 May 1097[999]. m VELA Ovéquiz, son of conde OVECO Vermúdez & his wife doña Elvira Suárez (-[killed in battle Zalaca 23 Oct 1086]).

3. doña TERESA Peláez (-3 Oct 1093). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "count Pedro Peláez, Ordoño Peláez, Pelayo Peláez, Muño Peláez, and the mother of count Suero and his brothers, and countess Teresa of Carrión who built the church of San Zoilo" as the children of "Pelayo Fróilaz" & his wife[1000]. "Tarasia comitissa" the monastery of San Zoilo de Carrión to Cluny dated 1 Aug 1076 (confirmed dated 29 Jan 1077) with her seven children, naming their father "comitis Gomis Didas"[1001]. The Annales Compostellani record the death “V Non Oct” in 1093 of “Tarasia Comitisa”, adding that she built the church of San Zoilo de Carrión[1002]. m don GÓMEZ Díaz conde de Carrión, son of DIEGO Fernández & his wife Marina [Ansúrez] (-1057).

4. doña MARÍA Peláez . “Maria Pelaiz” chose her burial at Arlanza and donated property “in Torre de Agomar...fuit de meo senior Alvaro Gundesalviz” by charter dated 1091[1003]. Her husband refers to her and her parents in a document of the Cathedral of Oviedo[1004]. She made donations to the Cathedral of Oviedo up to 1100[1005]. m ÁLVARO González, son of --- (-before 1091).

5. don ORDOÑO Peláez (-after 7 Mar 1069). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "count Pedro Peláez, Ordoño Peláez, Pelayo Peláez, Muño Peláez, and the mother of count Suero and his brothers, and countess Teresa of Carrión who built the church of San Zoilo" as the children of "Pelayo Fróilaz" & his wife[1006]. His parents, and his brothers Pelayo, Munio, and Pedro, are named in a 1056 document[1007]. Alférez of Sancho II King of Castile 21 Dec 1063 to 11 Sep 1064. "…Petrus Pelaiz comes…Ordonius Pelaiz…" subscribed the charter dated 25 Jun 1066 under which "Urraca Fredenandi principis filia" donated property "in valle de vice territorio Portugale" to Santiago de Compostela[1008]. He is last named in a document 7 Mar 1069[1009].

6. don MUNIO Peláez (-after 1070). His parents, and his brothers Pelayo, Pedro and Ordoño, are named in a 1056 document[1010]. Tenente of Toro and Zamora in 1060[1011].

7. don PEDRO Peláez (-after 22 Mar 1096). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "count Pedro Peláez, Ordoño Peláez, Pelayo Peláez, Muño Peláez, and the mother of count Suero and his brothers, and countess Teresa of Carrión who built the church of San Zoilo" as the children of "Pelayo Fróilaz" & his wife[1012]. His parents, and his brothers Pelayo, Munio, and Ordoño, are named in a 1056 document[1013]. Alférez of Fernando I King of Castile 3 Jun 1049 to 9 Jun 1058. Conde 1063. "…Petrus Pelaiz comes…Ordonius Pelaiz…" subscribed the charter dated 25 Jun 1066 under which "Urraca Fredenandi principis filia" donated property "in valle de vice territorio Portugale" to Santiago de Compostela[1014]. "Pelagio" donated property "in Priaranza…Pausata" to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes, and "Gelvira" donated a vine at Priaranza "propter remedium viro meo…Pelagio Condus", by charter dated 28 Jul 1076[1015]. "Comes Petro Pelayz et comitissa domna Geloyra" donated property in Jagoaza de Valeorras to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes by charter dated 22 Mar 1096[1016]. m ELVIRA, daughter of [conde SANCHO Velásquez & his wife ---] (-after 22 Mar 1096). "Comes Petro Pelayz et comitissa domna Geloyra" donated property in Jagoaza de Valeorras to the monastery of San Pedro de Montes by charter dated 22 Mar 1096[1017]. Pedro & his wife had two children:

a) don PELAYO Pérez .

b) doña ELVIRA Pérez . She confirmed a donation in 1095 in which she does not refer to her father, taken by Torres Sevilla as an indication that he had died by then[1018]. m SANCHO --- . He is not named apart from in the reference to the patronymic of his sons. Sancho & his wife had two children:

i) don ANSUR Sánchez . Named with his brother as grandchildren of don Pelayo Fróilaz. Although their parents are not named, Torres Sevilla considers that they must be children of doña Elvira Pérez, presumably by process of elimination of the other possibilities[1019].

ii) don SANCHO Sánchez . Named with his brother as grandchildren of don Pelayo Fróilaz. Although their parents are not named, Torres Sevilla considers that they must be children of doña Elvira Pérez, presumably by process of elimination of the other possibilities[1020].

8. don PELAYO Peláez (-[1092/95]). The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names (in order) "count Pedro Peláez, Ordoño Peláez, Pelayo Peláez, Muño Peláez, and the mother of count Suero and his brothers, and countess Teresa of Carrión who built the church of San Zoilo" as the children of "Pelayo Fróilaz" & his wife[1021]. His parents, and his brothers Munio, Pedro and Ordoño, are named in a 1056 document[1022]. m doña MUNIADOMNA [Mayor] González, daughter of ---. She named her two children, and her son-in-law, in a donation of 1097, when she was a widow[1023]. Pelayo & his wife had [three] children:

a) don GONZALO Peláez (-in Portugal Mar 1138, bur Oviedo). Queen Urraca appointed him governor of Asturias de Oviedo from [1110/13][1024]. The Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris records that "…Count Gonzalo Peláez and Pedro Peláez de Valderas…" swore allegiance to Alfonso VII King of Castile after his accession in 1126, specifying that Gonzalo Peláez was "lord of the region of Asturias"[1025]. Alférez of Alfonso VII King of Castile 22 Nov 1131 to 8 Mar 1132[1026]. The Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris records that "the Asturian Count Gonzalo Peláez...[and] his kinsman Rodrigo Gómez" rebelled in 1132, that Gonzalo Peláez fled to Asturias and was besieged in Tudela which he surrendered, but that he continued the rebellion in Proaza, Buanga and Alba de Quirós[1027]. The precise relationship between Gonzalo Peláez and don Rodrigo Gómez has not yet been found. His property was redistributed in Jul 1135[1028]. m doña MAYOR Muñoz, daughter of ---. She and her husband were named as recipients of land granted by Queen Urraca 18 Nov 1118[1029].

b) [don PEDRO Peláez de Valderas . The Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris records that "…Count Gonzalo Peláez and Pedro Peláez de Valderas…" swore allegiance to Alfonso VII King of Castile after his accession in 1126[1030].]

c) doña ALDONZA Peláez . She was disinherited by her mother[1031]. m (before 1097) don PEDRO García. Alférez 1131[1032].

Chapter 11. FAMILY of RODANO Díaz

1. RODANO ---. m ---. The name of Rodano's wife is not known. Rodano & his wife had one child:

a) DIEGO Rodaniz (-after 1 Mar 937). “Didaco Rodaniz et uxor mea Tarasia” restored the monastery of San Andrés de Boada in Roa, the properties defined in relation to property which “fuit de Munnio Nunnez comite et uxor illius”, by charter dated 1 Mar 937[1033]. m TERESA, daughter of ---. “Didaco Rodaniz et uxor mea Tarasia” restored the monastery of San Andrés de Boada in Roa, the properties defined in relation to property which “fuit de Munnio Nunnez comite et uxor illius”, by charter dated 1 Mar 937[1034]. Diego & his wife had one possible child:

i) [RODANO [Díaz] (-before 1014). Conde in Asturias de Santillana [1035].] m FRONILDE Fernández, daughter of FERNANDO García Conde de Castilla & his first wife Sancha Sánchez de Navarra (-after 1014). “Comes Fredinandus Gundisalviz cum uxore mea Sancia comitisa et cum filiis meis Gundisalvus Fredinandi et Garsea Fredinandi et Sancio Fredinandi et Munio Fredinandi et Domna Fronilde” donated the monastery of San Miguel de Xavilla to San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 941, witnessed by "Sarracenus, Bermudo Fannez, Gundisalvo de Aza"[1036]. "Garcia Fredinandiz, Aua comitisa" donated property to the monastery of Cardeñas by charter dated 11 Jul 972, subscribed by "Sancius prolis illorum, Domna Fronilde…"[1037]. "Garsias Ferdinandez…cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of Infantado de Covarrubias, offering "filiam…nostram Urracam" as a nun there, by charter dated 25 Dec 978, confirmed by "…Tota comitissa, Fronilde comitissa…"[1038]. "Garcia Fernandiz comes, Aba cometissa" donated property to the church of Santa Juliana by charter dated 5 May 987, confirmed by "Domna Fronildi, Domna Otrocia…"[1039]. "Sancius comes, mea tia domina Fronilde" confirmed property rights by charter dated 1014[1040]. Rodano & his wife had four children:

(a) GOTO Rodaniz .

(b) ARGILO Rodaniz . m ROMÁN Muñoz, son of MUNIO [Díaz & his wife Elvira ---].

(1) NUÑO Gutiérrez (-before 18 Jan 1017). m MUNIADOMNA Muñoz, daughter of MUNIO Díaz & his wife Elvira --- (-after [1038/56]). “Doña Moniadonna hija de Monnio Didaz y de doña Gelvira” donated property “la iglesia de Santiago, en el valle de Egunna, en el lugar de Caçarone” to Santillana del Mar, for the soul of “su marido Nunno Gutiérrez”, by charter dated 18 Jan 1017[1041]. She became a nun at Santillana in 1017[1042]. [“Doña Moniadonna” donated property “en el lugar de Navamuelle y en Leu” to Santillana del Mar, for the soul of “su sobrino Gutierre”, by charter dated to [1038/56][1043].]

(2) MUNIO Gutiérrez .

(d) FRONILDE Rodaniz . She made a donation to Santillana with her nephews Nuño and Munio Gutiérrez[1044]. m ÁLVARO Álvarez, son of ÁLVARO --- (-after 5 May 987). He witnessed the 5 May 987 donation to the iglesia of Santa Juliana made by García Fernández Conde de Castilla [1045].

Chapter 12. The "ALFONSO" FAMILY

ALFONSO Díaz, son of [DIEGO --- & his wife ---] (-[1024/28]). It is not certain that Alfonso Díaz was the brother of Munio Díaz. However, the connection with the monastery of Santillana del Mar suggests a family relationship. He may have been related to the Condes de Saldaña as his name appears in numerous documents of the Beni Gómez family, the two families also sharing interests in the same properties over the years[1046]. He confirmed a donation by conde García Gómez Conde de Saldaña of Calzadilla de Cueza dated 15 May 984, exchanged land in Piniares 6 Mar 997 with Justa[1047], and confirmed a sale in 1006[1048]. Conde. “Adefonsus prolix de Didacus y su mujer María” donated property “la viña…en territorio de la Liébana” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 16 Nov 1021[1049]. Tenente of Grajal in 1024 (previously owned by García Gómez).

m MARÍA, daughter of --- [Beni Mirel] (-after 1031). “Adefonsus prolix de Didacus y su mujer María” donated property “la viña…en territorio de la Liébana” to Santillana del Mar by charter dated 16 Nov 1021[1050]. Although her origin is uncertain, Martínez Sopena highlights that her son Munio Alfonso referred to property inherited from his "abio…Nuño Mirélliz", pointing out that, from a chronological point of view, it would be more consistent if he had been Munio´s great-grandfather[1051]. "La comitissa María…[con] sus hijos García, Munio y Gutier" donated the church of Villemar to Sahagún by charter dated 1028[1052]. The absence of her husband implies that he had died before this date. ["Filauria" donated property "in Moratinos", which she held "con sus hijos Alfonso Diaz, el conde D. Monio, el conde D. Gutierre y la condesa doña Enderquina, y dicha doña Urraca", to the monastery of San Martín founded in "illa Fonte secus arrogio Giginati en tierra de Cea, y a doña Urraca", by charter dated 5 Dec 1048[1053]. This charter appears best connected with the family of Alfonso Díaz, although there are details which do not fit with what is known from other sources about this family.]

Alfonso & his wife had six children:

1. don GUTIERRE Alfonso (-after 1059). The brothers Gutier, García and Munio Alfonso subscribed a charter for León Cathedral dated 1026[1054]. "…Comite Munio Adefonso, Guttier Adefonso comes…" subscribed the charter dated 17 Feb 1039 under which Fernando I King of León donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas[1055]. "Gutier Adefonso qui et Dux et uxor mea Godo et filiis nostris" donated his rights in Villavicencio and Villela to Sahagún monastery by charter dated 26 Mar 1044[1056]. Associate of Fernando I King of Castile. Conde de Cea 1048. "…Munio Adefonso, Guttier Adefonso…" subscribed the charter dated 31 Aug 1050 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Martín del Río with San Pedro de Cardeñas[1057]. "Gutier Adefonsus comes…cum uxor mea Gotto" donated half of the villa of Fuentecillas to Sahagún monastery by charter dated 1052[1058]. m (before Dec 1031) doña GOTO, sister of doña Tegridia and doña Ofresa, daughter of ---. Gutierre Alfonso and his wife Goto are named in a charter for Sahagún dated Dec 1031[1059]. "Gutier Adefonso qui et Dux et uxor mea Godo et filiis nostris" donated his rights in Villavicencio and Villela to Sahagún monastery by charter dated 26 Mar 1044[1060]. "Gutier Adefonsus comes…cum uxor mea Gotto" donated half of the villa of Fuentecillas to Sahagún monastery by charter dated 1052[1061]. Gutierre & his wife had seven children:

a) don TELLO Gutiérrez (-after 1077). "Tello Guterriz" donated property acquired from "su padre el conde Gutier Alfonso" to "Diego Patriz" by charter dated 14 Jul 1059[1062]. "Tello Gutierriz y su hermana Velasquita Gutierriz" donated half of "Valle Paradiso…Santa Cruz y en la valle de Cespetes" to Sahagún by charter dated 17 May 1066[1063]. Mayordomo mayor of Alfonso VI King of Castile 15 Oct 1071, 17 Nov 1072, 10 Nov 1073 and Jan 1075[1064].

b) doña VELASQUITA Gutiérrez (-after 21 Sep 1081). "Tello Gutierriz y su hermana Velasquita Gutierriz" donated half of "Valle Paradiso…Santa Cruz y en la valle de Cespetes" to Sahagún by charter dated 17 May 1066[1065]. "Velasquita Guterriz" sold property in "Villafifal en la ribera del rio Cisneros…basilica Sancti Johanis Batista" to "Suario presbítero" by charter dated 21 Sep 1081[1066].

c) doña FRONILDE Gutiérrez (-[1084/85]). She is named as the wife of Fernando Ordóñez in a document at Sahagún dated 1059[1067]. "Maria Guterriz…con sus hermanas doña Fronilli, Donella y Tegridia" donated "la villa…Petra Fita en la ribera del rio Cea en territorio de Castro Fruela" to "Velasco Velaz y su mujer Isabel" by charter dated 12 Feb 1074[1068]. "Fronildi Guterriz" donated property in "la villa…Abasta" to "Froila Citiz" for good service by charter dated 28 Sep 1074[1069]. "Fronildi Guterriz" donated property "que tenía de sus padres el conde D. Gutier y la condesa doña Goto" to "Pelagio Bermuiz" by charter dated 9 Feb 1078, which records that she had "filios ex viro suo Fredinando Ordonniz unus Uermudo et alius Nunnio et alia Scemena Munnio", that Vermudo had died leaving "filium parvulum non plus etate qua uno anno" and that "neptum suum Pelagio filio Uermudo Fredinandiz concubino" inherited just as if he had been born legitimate[1070]. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1104 under which her grandson "Pelagio Vermudiz filio Vermudo Fernandiz" entered Sahagún monastery and made donations and names "avola mea Fronildi Guterriz"[1071]. m don FERNANDO Ordóñez, son of Infante ORDOÑO Vermúdez & his wife Fronilde Peláez (-1059).

d) doña ELO [Donello] Gutiérrez (-after 1074). "Maria Guterriz…con sus hermanas doña Fronilli, Donella y Tegridia" donated "la villa…Petra Fita en la ribera del rio Cea en territorio de Castro Fruela" to "Velasco Velaz y su mujer Isabel" by charter dated 12 Feb 1074[1072]. m MUNIO ---, son of ---. Munio & his wife had one child:

i) don PEDRO Muñoz "Bathallot" .

e) doña TEGRIDIA Gutiérrez (-[1074/80]). "Tegridia y sus hijos Gonzalo y Sancha Fernandez" donated property in "Villa Fateme cerca del rio Giginati, territorio de Sahagun y…en la villa de Onemar", reserving rights after her death for "neptos de Adefonso Diaz", to "Monio presbítero" by charter dated 2 Jan 1074[1073]. "Maria Guterriz…con sus hermanas doña Fronilli, Donella y Tegridia" donated "la villa…Petra Fita en la ribera del rio Cea en territorio de Castro Fruela" to "Velasco Velaz y su mujer Isabel" by charter dated 12 Feb 1074[1074]. m don FERNANDO ---, son of ---. Fernando & his wife had two children:

i) don GONZALO Fernández . "Tegridia y sus hijos Gonzalo y Sancha Fernandez" donated property in "Villa Fateme cerca del rio Giginati, territorio de Sahagun y…en la villa de Onemar", reserving rights after her death for "neptos de Adefonso Diaz", to "Monio presbítero" by charter dated 2 Jan 1074[1075].

ii) doña SANCHA Fernández . "Tegridia y sus hijos Gonzalo y Sancha Fernandez" donated property in "Villa Fateme cerca del rio Giginati, territorio de Sahagun y…en la villa de Onemar", reserving rights after her death for "neptos de Adefonso Diaz", to "Monio presbítero" by charter dated 2 Jan 1074[1076]. She confirmed numerous documents with her husband from 13 Nov 1084[1077]. m conde don MARTÍN Flaínez, señor de Aguilar, son of conde don FLAIN Fernández & his second wife doña Toda Fernández (-killed in battle Uclés May 1108, bur Monastery of Sahagún).

f) doña MARÍA Gutiérrez (-after [1088]). "Maria Guterriz…con sus hermanas doña Fronilli, Donella y Tegridia" donated "la villa…Petra Fita en la ribera del rio Cea en territorio de Castro Fruela" to "Velasco Velaz y su mujer Isabel" by charter dated 12 Feb 1074[1078]. "Dompna Urraca filia Nunnu Alvarez" donated property, held by "meo tio Munnio Alvarez", and "mater mea domna Maria, filia Gutier Alfonso" donated other property, to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated [1088][1079]. m don NUÑO Álvarez, son of --- (-[1065]). "…Nunnu Alvaroz…" subscribed the charter dated 31 Aug 1050 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Martín del Río with San Pedro de Cardeñas[1080]. Nuño & his wife had [two] children:

i) [doña GOTO Núñez . Torres suggests that the wife of Gonzalo Núñez [de Lara] was the daughter of María Gutiérrez and granddaughter of Gutierre Alfonso[1081]. m don GONZALO Núñez [de Lara], son of don NUÑO Salvadórez & his wife --- (-1103).]

ii) URRACA Núñez (-after [1088]). "Dompna Urraca filia Nunnu Alvarez" donated property, held by "meo tio Munnio Alvarez", and "mater mea domna Maria, filia Gutier Alfonso" donated other property, to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated [1088][1082]. Sánchez de Mora suggests[1083] that she was the Urraca who is named in the charter dated 1087 under which "Gundissalvo Nunnez…cum uxore mea dompna Goto et mea cognata dompna Urraca et dompna Ariel Nunniz" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla[1084].

g) doña ADOSINDA Gutiérrez (-after 13 Jan 1071). "Adosinda Gutierrez" donated property in Melgar to "Monio Citiz", reserving rights after her death for "filiis et neptis de Gutier Adefonso", by charter dated 18 Jan 1064[1085]. "Adosinda Gutierrez" donated property in "Villa Ordonio, Amnezas, Couellas, Cisinarios" to Sahagún by charter dated 13 Jan 1071[1086].

2. don GARCÍA Alfonso (-after 1034). The brothers Gutier, García and Munio Alfonso subscribed a charter for León Cathedral dated 1026[1087]. "…Garcia Adefonsiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Mar 1028 under which "Tarasia proles Ueremudi principis et xristi ancilla" donated property in León to Santiago de Compostela, for the soul of "genitricis mee dive memorie dne. Giloire regine"[1088]. "…Garcia Adefonso…" subscribed the charter dated 15 Nov 1028 under which "Ueremudus proles Adefonsi principis et Geluire regine" donated "villam meam…Cordario que fuit avorum et parentum meorum Menendi et dne Tote" to Santiago de Compostela[1089]. Conde.

3. don MUNIO Alfonso (-1051). The brothers Gutier, García and Munio Alfonso subscribed a charter for León Cathedral dated 1026[1090]. "…Comite Munio Adefonso, Guttier Adefonso comes…" subscribed the charter dated 17 Feb 1039 under which Fernando I King of León donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas[1091].

- see below.

4. doña ENDERQUINA Alfonso (-before 10 Dec 1046). "Doña Urraca" donated property "en la villa…Avarta", inherited from "sus padres y de su hermana Enderquina", and property "en Anebza", to Sahagún by charter dated 10 Dec 1046[1092].

5. doña ADOSINDA Alfonso (-before 24 Apr 1062). "Doña Urraca hija de Alfonso" donated property in "Villa Elane", retaining interest for life and after her death for "filios et neptos de fratribus meis domino Monnio et domino Gutier aut inter filias de domina Ildosinda soror mea…Goto et Monnia", to Sahagún by charter dated 24 Apr 1062[1093]. m ---. Two children:

a) doña GOTO . "Doña Urraca hija de Alfonso" donated property in "Villa Elane", retaining interest for life and after her death for "filios et neptos de fratribus meis domino Monnio et domino Gutier aut inter filias de domina Ildosinda soror mea…Goto et Monnia", to Sahagún by charter dated 24 Apr 1062[1094].

b) doña MUNIA . "Doña Urraca hija de Alfonso" donated property in "Villa Elane", retaining interest for life and after her death for "filios et neptos de fratribus meis domino Monnio et domino Gutier aut inter filias de domina Ildosinda soror mea…Goto et Monnia", to Sahagún by charter dated 24 Apr 1062[1095].

6. doña URRACA Alfonso (-after 20 Mar 1078). "Doña Urraca" donated property "en la villa…Avarta", inherited from "sus padres y de su hermana Enderquina", and property "en Anebza", to Sahagún by charter dated 10 Dec 1046[1096]. "Doña Urraca hija de Alfonso" donated property in "Villa Elane", retaining interest for life and after her death for "filios et neptos de fratribus meis domino Monnio et domino Gutier aut inter filias de domina Ildosinda soror mea…Goto et Monnia", to Sahagún by charter dated 24 Apr 1062[1097]. "Urraca hija del conde D. Alonso" donated property in "Villa Hateme, Villa Sica, Sancta Eolalia, Veciella, Abasta", and her part interest in the church of San Salvador of Cea, to Sahagún by charter dated 20 Mar 1078[1098].

don MUNIO Alfonso, son of ALFONSO Díaz & his wife María --- (-1051). The brothers Gutier, García and Munio Alfonso subscribed a charter for León Cathedral dated 1026[1099]. "…Comite Munio Adefonso, Guttier Adefonso comes…" subscribed the charter dated 17 Feb 1039 under which Fernando I King of León donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas[1100]. "Munio hijo de Alfonso" granted "la villa de San Roman…in rio de Cisneros" to "su mujer Mumadona" for life, and after her death or second marriage to Sahagún, by charter dated 6 Mar 1042[1101]. Tenente of Cea, Grajal and Saldaña in 1042, of Tordesillas in 1047. "Munio Alfonso, su mujer Muma dona y sus hijos" donated two monasteries "en el territorio de Liébana…de Santa María de Perrozo y…de Santiago" to the monastery of Santa María de Piasca "subtus kastello Kapezon", and a third of property "en Val de Rodias" by charter dated 12 May 1048[1102]. "Munio Alfonso, su hijo Alfonso Muniz y la mujer de aquél, Mumadona" donated "la villa…Ual de Luuara y de Villa Major" to Sahagún by charter dated 21 Sep [1044/49][1103]. "…Munio Adefonso, Guttier Adefonso…" subscribed the charter dated 31 Aug 1050 under which Ferdinand I King of Castile confirmed the union of the monastery of San Martín del Río with San Pedro de Cardeñas[1104].

m firstly doña GOTO Fernández, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.

m secondly ([1040/42]) as her second husband, doña MUNIADOMNA Godestéiz, widow of don NEPOCIANO Osóriz, daughter of don GODESTEO Díaz & his wife doña Teresa Muñoz ([1005/15]-after 2 Apr 1083). "Munio hijo de Alfonso" granted "la villa de San Roman…in rio de Cisneros" to "su mujer Mumadona" for life, and after her death or second marriage to Sahagún, by charter dated 6 Mar 1042[1105]. "Munio Alfonso, su mujer Muma dona y sus hijos" donated two monasteries "en el territorio de Liébana…de Santa María de Perrozo y…de Santiago" to the monastery of Santa María de Piasca "subtus kastello Kapezon", and a third of property "en Val de Rodias" by charter dated 12 May 1048[1106]. "Mumadona hija de Gudesteo Diaz" donated her part "in Plantatella" to Sahagún by charter dated 13 Mar 1049[1107]. "Tarasia…cum filiis meis Monnio Godesteiz et Moma donna Godestioz" donated the monasteries of San San Justo, Pastor sobre el Pisuerga and San Juan de Valdealmillos to Sahagún monastery by charter dated 28 May 1049[1108]. "Munio Alfonso, su hijo Alfonso Muniz y la mujer de aquél, Mumadona" donated "la villa…Ual de Luuara y de Villa Major" to Sahagún by charter dated 21 Sep [1044/49][1109]. "Domna Moniadomna et filio meo Petro Monio" donated "monasterii Sancti Laurentii" to the monastery of San Cosme y Damián y Santa Eufemia by charter dated 14 Jan 1052[1110]. “Mamadonna filia Godesteo Didaz et de domna Taresia...cum filio meo Petro Munioz”, and “Munnio Gustioz...audivi ad supradicta soror mea Mamadonna”, donated property between the rivers Duero and Arlanza to Arlanza by charter dated 27 Apr 1054[1111]. "Momadonna, Godesteo Didaz filia…cum filio meo Petro Monnioz" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 16 Nov 1055[1112]. "La condesa doña Mumadona" donated property in "Valle Rodias et in Cisnarios" to the monastery of Santa María de Piasca, on the death of "su hijo Juan", by charter dated 1 Sep 1058, which names "su otro hijo Pedro"[1113]. "La condesa doña Mumadonna y su hijo Pedro Munniniz" donated property "en Villa Filale" to "Vellido Álvarez criado nostro" by charter dated 20 Mar 1064[1114]. "Pedro Munioz hijo del conde Munio" donated property in "Villa Muzahanne, territorio de Grajal" to "Belliti Álvariz" for good service by charter dated 10 Jul 1068[1115]. A charter dated 3 May 1071 records that "el conde D. Monnio Alfonso" married "la condesa doña Mumadonna" by whom he had two sons, of whom "Juan" died when a child and "Petrus" was killed "in juvenile etate…a Sarracenorum gente", and that Muniadomna donated her property to the monastery of Santa María de Piasca, only reserving part for "Martino Petriz que vadat cum eo inter neptos de Adfonso Didaz" and "el solar de Salvador Martiniz" which she gave to "su sobrina María"[1116]. “Mamadonna Comitissa” donated property to “ecclesia…Sancta Maria in Samonensi” by charter dated 1071 which names “meo patre Gustio Didaz…meo germano Didaco Gustioz…mea tia Domna Onneca”[1117]. "Mumadoma Gudesteiz" donated property "in Villa Curte, que dió a su marido el conde Munio Alfonso el rey don Fernando" to "Gonzalo Ansuriz y su mujer Sol Rodriquiz" by charter dated 18 Nov 1071[1118]. "Mumadona hija de Godesteo Diaz" donated property "en la villa…Matancia y…in Pisorga y en San Roman de la Cupa" to "Miguel Baltariz" for life, and after his death to "su nieta Maria", by charter dated 31 Oct 1077[1119]. "La condesa Mumadonna viuda del conde Munio Alfonso" donated property "en San Roman…" to Sahagun by charter dated 2 Apr 1083[1120].

Munio & his first wife had one child:

1. don ALFONSO Muñoz (-after 1059). "Munio Alfonso, su hijo Alfonso Muniz y la mujer de aquél, Mumadona" donated "la villa…Ual de Luuara y de Villa Major" to Sahagún by charter dated 21 Sep [1044/49][1121]. Conde and tenente of Cea 1054. "El conde Alfonso Muñoz y su mujer la condesa doña Ildonza" donated property in "Villacorta, cerca de Cea, en Melgar…" to "Fernando Nuñez" by charter dated 11 Sep 1054[1122]. m ILDONZA González, daughter of GONZALO Muñoz & his wife --- (-after 4 Jun 1097). "El conde Alfonso Muñoz y su mujer la condesa doña Ildonza" donated property in "Villacorta, cerca de Cea, en Melgar…" to "Fernando Nuñez" by charter dated 11 Sep 1054[1123]. "La condesa Ildonza, hija de Gonzalvo Munniz" donated property in "Valle Leuanego, en Boadilla cerca de Rioseco y en Santa Cruz del Araduey" to Sahagún, for the soul of "filia mea Goto prolis Adefonso comitis et mee", by charter dated 1 May 1071[1124]. "La condesa doña Ildonza prolis Gonzaluizi" granted property to "Belliti Vitaz y a su mujer doña Goto…para que pueblen en su heredad" by charter dated 29 Mar 1092[1125]. "La condesa Ildonza Gonzalviz…con su hermano el conde Alfonso" donated two thirds of "Sancta Euuenia" to "Elvira Fernandiz hija de su hermana la condesa doña María", in exchange for "Couelas en la ribera del Duero, de Ysorno, Villa Velasco y San Roman de illa Cuba", by charter dated 11 May 1094[1126]. "La condesa doña Ildonza" donated "el monasterio de San Pedro in villa de Trikeros…de Canalellias…el monasterio de Cipriano, la mitad de la villa de Petrosa" to Sahagun by charter dated 29 Nov 1094[1127]. "La condesa doña Ildonza" donated property "en la villa de Gordaliza" to "Hugo clérigo" by charter dated 27 Feb 1095[1128]. "La condesa doña Ildonza Gundisalviz" donated property "en la villa de Gordaliza" to "Miguel Cristóbaiz" by charter dated 27 Apr 1095[1129]. "La condesa doña Ildonza" donated property "en la tierra de Trigueros en la villa…Quintanilla" to "Pelayo Faildiz" by charter dated 28 Apr 1095[1130]. "La condesa doña Ildonza" donated property "en Villa Velasco cerca del rio Araduey…[y] en Cisneros" to Sahagun by charter dated 4 Jun 1097[1131]. Alfonso & his wife had seven children:

a) don MARTÍN Alfonso (-[1091/93], bur Sahagún). Alférez of Alfonso VI King of León 17 May 1066 to 13 Jan 1071. "…Martinus Adefonso armiger regis…" subscribed the charter dated 25 Jun 1066 under which "Urraca Fredenandi principis filia" donated property "in valle de vice territorio Portugale" to Santiago de Compostela[1132]. Conde by 15 Oct 1071. Tenente in Portello (1074), Septimanca (1088). “…Martino Adefonso comite…” confirmed the charter dated 27 May [1085] by which “Renemirus infans, prolis Garseani principis” donated property to Santa María de Nájera[1133]. "Aramir y su mujer Vita Gonzalviz" sold property in "Torre de Gundisalvo Gundisalviz" to "conde Martin Alfonso" by charter dated 16 Jan 1088[1134]. "Comes Martinus [Alfonso]" donated the monastery of Santa María de Iscar to the monastery of San Zoilo de Carrión by charter dated 14 Sep 1089[1135]. "El conde D. Pedro con su mujer Eilo y el conde D. Martin con sus hijos" settled a dispute with Sahagun about "la villa…San Roman y…las villas de Gordaliza, Vallicello y la de Fonticellas" by charter dated 7 Sep 1090[1136]. m ([1068]) doña ELVIRA Gómez, daughter of conde don GÓMEZ Díaz & his wife condesa Teresa Peláez. "Filiabus…meis…Maria…Sancia…Ildontia…Geloysa" made a donation to Cluny dated 1 Aug 1076 with "Tarasia comitissa", naming their father "comitis Gomis Didas"[1137]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Martín & his wife had two children:

i) doña ELO

ii) doña URRACA . An exchange of property by the monastery of San Zoilo de Carrión by charter dated 3 Jun 1101 included land previously donated by "comitis donni Martini Adefonsi et ilius filiæ Urracha" (see above)[1138].

b) don MUNIO Alfonso .

c) doña MARÍA Alfonso .

d) doña MAYOR Alfonso .

e) doña EILO Alfonso (-before 13 Jun 1113). "Fernando Ermegildiz et uxor mea donna Juliana et filiis nostris" sold property to "comite Petro Asuriz et uxor vestra Ailoni comedissa" by charter dated 17 Jun 1084[1139]. "Comes Petrus Assurez et uxor mea comdessa domna Elo" donated property to the abbey of Silos by charter dated 1085, witnessed by "Guthier Thelez, Munio Blasquez de Campos, Flayn Fernandez, Pelagio Dominguez, Didacus Vermudez, Gutier Gundisalviz, Fredinando Rodriguez"[1140]. "El conde D. Pedro con su mujer Eilo y el conde D. Martin con sus hijos" settled a dispute with Sahagun about "la villa…San Roman y…las villas de Gordaliza, Vallicello y la de Fonticellas" by charter dated 7 Sep 1090[1141]. "Comes Petro Ansuriz et uxoris mee comitissa Eiloni" donated property to the monastery of San Zoilo de Carrión by charter dated 24 Dec 1095 which names "frater meus comes Didago Ansuriz"[1142]. "Petrus Anssuriz Comes…cum uxore mea comitissa Domna Eilo" donated property in Moratinos, Villasanzo, Canraso and Sahagún to Sahagún monastery by charter dated 1101[1143]. m (before 17 Jun 1084[1144]) as his second wife, don PEDRO Ansúrez, son of conde ANSUR Díaz & his first wife --- ([1037]-after 9 Dec 1117).

f) doña GOTO Alfonso (-before 1 May 1071). "La condesa Ildonza, hija de Gonzalvo Munniz" donated property in "Valle Leuanego, en Boadilla cerca de Rioseco y en Santa Cruz del Araduey" to Sahagún, for the soul of "filia mea Goto prolis Adefonso comitis et mee", by charter dated 1 May 1071[1145].

g) don GONZALO Alfonso (-before 1094). Alférez of Alfonso VI King of León 15 Oct 1071 to 23 Feb 1072.

Munio & his second wife had two children:

2. don PEDRO Muñoz (-before 3 May 1071). "Domna Moniadomna et filio meo Petro Monio" donated "monasterii Sancti Laurentii" to the monastery of San Cosme y Damián y Santa Eufemia by charter dated 14 Jan 1052[1146]. “Mamadonna filia Godesteo Didaz et de domna Taresia...cum filio meo Petro Munioz”, and “Munnio Gustioz...audivi ad supradicta soror mea Mamadonna”, donated property between the rivers Duero and Arlanza to Arlanza by charter dated 27 Apr 1054[1147]. "Momadonna, Godesteo Didaz filia…cum filio meo Petro Monnioz" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 16 Nov 1055[1148]. "La condesa doña Mumadona" donated property in "Valle Rodias et in Cisnarios" to the monastery of Santa María de Piasca, on the death of "su hijo Juan", by charter dated 1 Sep 1058, which names "su otro hijo Pedro"[1149]. "La condesa doña Mumadonna y su hijo Pedro Munniniz" donated property "en Villa Filale" to "Vellido Álvarez criado nostro" by charter dated 20 Mar 1064[1150]. Conde 1068. "Pedro Munioz hijo del conde Munio" donated property in "Villa Muzahanne, territorio de Grajal" to "Belliti Álvariz" for good service by charter dated 10 Jul 1068[1151]. A charter dated 3 May 1071 records that "el conde D. Monnio Alfonso" married "la condesa doña Mumadonna" by whom he had two sons, of whom "Juan" died when a child and "Petrus" was killed "in juvenile etate…a Sarracenorum gente", and that Muniadomna donated her property to the monastery of Santa María de Piasca, only reserving part for "Martino Petriz que vadat cum eo inter neptos de Adfonso Didaz" and "el solar de Salvador Martiniz" which she gave to "su sobrina María"[1152]. Pedro had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

a) doña MARÍA Pérez (-after 31 Oct 1077). A charter dated 3 May 1071 records that "el conde D. Monnio Alfonso" married "la condesa doña Mumadonna" by whom he had two sons, of whom "Juan" died when a child and "Petrus" was killed "in juvenile etate…a Sarracenorum gente", and that Muniadomna donated her property to the monastery of Santa María de Piasca, only reserving part for "Martino Petriz que vadat cum eo inter neptos de Adfonso Didaz" and "el solar de Salvador Martiniz" which she gave to "su sobrina [presumably a poor translation of "nepta"] María"[1153]. It is assumed that María was illegitimate as no reference has been found to her mother in the numerous sources in which her father and paternal grandmother are named, although this is not beyond all doubt. "Mumadona hija de Godesteo Diaz" donated property "en la villa…Matancia y…in Pisorga y en San Roman de la Cupa" to "Miguel Baltariz" for life, and after his death to "su nieta Maria", by charter dated 31 Oct 1077[1154].

3. don JUAN Muñoz (-before 1 Sep 1058). "La condesa doña Mumadona" donated property in "Valle Rodias et in Cisnarios" to the monastery of Santa María de Piasca, on the death of "su hijo Juan", by charter dated 1 Sep 1058, which names "su otro hijo Pedro"[1155].

Munio had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress, daughter of --- & his wife Urraca ---:

4. don PELAYO Muñoz (-after 21 Jan 1103). "Pelayo hijo del conde Munio" donated one quarter of "Villela…Mio Kiki in ualle de Anepza" and "Pratellione, que poseía por donación de su abuela doña Urraca" by charter dated 20 Jul 1068[1156]. "Pelayo hijo del conde Munio Alfonso su mujer Gasenda Perez e hijos" donated property "adquirido de su padre in Villa Sicca…la cual habia sido de Elvira Nunniz" to Sahagun by charter dated 21 Jan 1103[1157]. m doña GASENDA Pérez, daughter of ---. "Pelayo hijo del conde Munio Alfonso su mujer Gasenda Perez e hijos" donated property "adquirido de su padre in Villa Sicca…la cual habia sido de Elvira Nunniz" to Sahagun by charter dated 21 Jan 1103[1158]. Pelayo & his wife had two children:

a) don RODRIGO Peláez .

b) don PEDRO Peláez .

Chapter 13. FAMILY of MUNIO RODRÍGUEZ

don MUNIO Rodríguez "Canis", son of --- . 992/1020. He founded the monastery of Cartavio[1159]. His five children and their spouses are shown in Salazar Acha[1160], without sources noted.

m doña ANDERQUINA Fróilaz, daughter of conde don FROILA Vélaz & his second wife doña Eilo ---.

Munio & his wife had five children:

1. don MUNIO Muñoz . A charter at Corias names “Munio Munionis comes, filius comitis Munionis Roderici cognomento Canis” when recording that he founded “monasterium Carauia”[1161]. Conde. "…Munio Munionis comes…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Mar 1028 under which "Tarasia proles Ueremudi principis et xristi ancilla" donated property in León to Santiago de Compostela, for the soul of "genitricis mee dive memorie dne. Giloire regine"[1162]. "…Muninus Muniz…" subscribed the charter dated 15 Nov 1028 under which "Ueremudus proles Adefonsi principis et Geluire regine" donated "villam meam…Cordario que fuit avorum et parentum meorum Menendi et dne Tote" to Santiago de Compostela[1163]. m firstly JIMENA Muñoz, daughter of MUNIO [Fernández] de Somedo & his wife [Jimena ---]. A charter at Corias records that “Munio Munionis comes, filius comitis Munionis Roderici cognomento Canis” married firstly “filiam comitis Munionis de Somedo…Xemena Moniz”[1164]. m secondly doña MUNIADOMNA Jiménez, daughter of don JIMENO Jiménez & his wife doña Aragonta [Pinioliz]. A charter at Corias records that “Munio Munionis comes, filius comitis Munionis Roderici cognomento Canis” married secondly “cometissam Mumadompnam Xemeni, sororem comitis Pinioli”[1165]. Munio & his first wife had one child:

a) JIMENA Muñoz . A charter at Corias names “Xemena Moniz” as the daughter of “Munio Munionis comes, filius comitis Munionis Roderici cognomento Canis” and his wife “filiam comitis Munionis de Somedo…Xemena Moniz”, adding that Jimena Muñoz had “duabus filiabus…Velasquide Moniz, Maiori Moniz…filie Munionis Roderici comitis”[1166]. m MUNIO Rodríguez, son of ---. Munio & his wife had two children:

i) VELASQUITA Muñoz . A charter at Corias names “duabus filiabus…Velasquide Moniz, Maiori Moniz…filie Munionis Roderici comitis” as the children of “Xemena Moniz” daughter of “Munio Munionis comes, filius comitis Munionis Roderici cognomento Canis”[1167].

ii) MAYOR Muñoz . A charter at Corias names “duabus filiabus…Velasquide Moniz, Maiori Moniz…filie Munionis Roderici comitis” as the children of “Xemena Moniz” daughter of “Munio Munionis comes, filius comitis Munionis Roderici cognomento Canis”[1168].

Munio & his second wife had one child:

b) VELASQUITA Muñoz . A charter at Corias records that “Munio Munionis comes, filius comitis Munionis Roderici cognomento Canis” had one daughter “Velasquida Moniz” by his wife “cometissam Mumadompnam Xemeni, sororem comitis Pinioli” but that she predeceased her mother[1169].

2. [doña ALDONZA Muñoz (-after [1065]). “El conde Piñolo y la condesa Aldonza” bought property “la mitad de Veiga de Meredo” from “Auria Pinioliz” by charter dated 1026[1170]. “Los condes Piñolo Jiménez y Aldonza Muñoz” donated property to the monastery of San Juan de Corias by charter dated 1044[1171]. “La condesa Aldonza” exchanged property with the monastery of San Juan de Corias by charter dated 1052[1172]. “La condesa Aldonza” built the monastery of “San Martín de Mántara, junto al río Poleiana” and donated it to the monastery of San Juan de Corias by charter dated 1054[1173]. “La condesa Aldonza” donated property “la vila de Palacio que había comprador a Felix Sarraciniz” to the monastery of San Juan de Corias by charter dated [1065][1174]. “Rodrigo Moñiz, hijo del conde Munio Rodriguez” exchanged property “la villa de Villa Cagin por otras Vilas en Figueras y en Adralés” with “la condesa Aldonza” by charter dated [1065][1175]. There are two possibilities for her parentage. Salazar Acha shows Aldonza Muñoz, wife of Piñolo Jiménez, as the daughter of conde Munio Rodríguez & his wife condesa Anderquina Fróilaz, but he does not note the sources on which this is based[1176]. However, this last charter dated [1065] in which Aldonza is named suggests a different parentage which, if correct, could mean that she was doña Aldonza Muñoz, daughter of conde Munio Rodríguez & his wife Adosinda “Razel”. m conde don PIÑOLO Jiménez, son of don JIMENO Jiménez & his wife doña Aragonta [Pinioliz] (-22 May 1049, bur San Juan de Corias).]

3. doña MAYOR Muñoz . m conde don MUNIO Fernández, son of ----.

4. doña EILO Muñoz . m conde don GONZALO Muñoz, son of ---.

5. doña ELVIRA Muñoz . m conde don FERNANDO Núñez, son of ---.

Chapter 14. LIÉBANA

1. MUNIO (-before 929). m GULATRUDIA, daughter of ---. She and her five children are named in the 929 document of Silo who sold them his share in the inheritance of his nephew Munio[1177]. Munio & his wife had five children:

a) DIEGO Muñoz (-964 or after). He is named in Liébana for the last time in 964[1178], which according to Torres indicates that this is not the same person as Diego Muñoz Conde de Saldaña who died in [951]. m ALDENA, daughter of ---.

b) VISTRILLI .

c) BAUDILIO .

d) TEDEGONZIA .

e) RELEFREDA .

2. PEDRO González . Conde. Alférez of Fernando I King of Castile 26 Nov 1058 to 20 Apr 1062. Conde in Liébana from 1062. "…Petrus Gunzaluiz comes…" subscribed the charter dated 25 Jun 1066 under which "Urraca Fredenandi principis filia" donated property "in valle de vice territorio Portugale" to Santiago de Compostela[1179].

Chapter 15. OCA

1. ÁLVARO --- . m ---. The name of Álvaro´s wife is not known. Álvaro & his wife had one child:

a) DIEGO Álvarez (-after 8 Dec 1029). "Senior Didaco Alvarez de Asturias" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 8 Dec 1029, confirmed by "filiis meis Alvaro Didaco et Beila Didaco, sennor Fortun Sanchiz, sennor Azenari Sanchiz, sennor Nunno Alvarez"[1180]. m ---. The name of Diego´s wife is not known. Diego & his wife had two children:

i) ÁLVARO Díaz (-after 8 Dec 1029). "Senior Didaco Alvarez de Asturias" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 8 Dec 1029, confirmed by "filiis meis Alvaro Didaco et Beila Didaco…"[1181]. same person as…? ÁLVARO Díaz “Marcelo” (-[17 Apr/3 Jul] 1072). The nobleman who is named “don Marcelo” is identified as Álvaro Díaz by Fortún Pérez de Ciriza[1182]. His name is confirmed in the patronymic of his children referred to in several sources quoted below. The primary source which confirms his own patronymic has not yet been identified. If this identity is correct, it would be chronologically compatible for him to have been the same person as the son of Diego Álvarez de Asturias who is recorded in 1029. The origin of his surname “Marcelo” has not yet been ascertained. “…Sennor dompno Marcelle…” subscribed two charters for San Millán de la Cogolla dated 14 Mar 1046 and 17 Feb 1050[1183]. Señor de Marañón.

- NAVARRE NOBILITY.

ii) VELA Díaz . "Senior Didaco Alvarez de Asturias" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 8 Dec 1029, confirmed by "filiis meis Alvaro Didaco et Beila Didaco…"[1184].

1. ÁLVARO --- . m ---. The name of Álvaro´s wife is not known. Álvaro & his wife had one child:

a) DIEGO Álvarez ([1015/25]-after Dec 1099). Martín Duque proceeds under the assumption that Diego Álvarez Señor de Oca was the same person as Diego Álvarez, son of “don Marcelo” Señor de Marañón and later Señor de Álava in Navarre (see NAVARRE NOBILITY)[1185]. However, this is impossible from a chronological point of view. Diego son of don Marcelo is recorded in primary sources as the son of Marcelo´s known wife Andregoto. Andregoto´s death is dated to [1108], which means that she is unlikely to have been born before [1020/30] at the earliest. However, one of the señor de Oca´s great-granddaughters is unlikely to have been born much later than [1088] (see below), which places his birth in the fairly narrow time-frame of [1015/25] (bearing in mind that he was recorded as still alive in late 1099). This clearly means that Andregoto could not have been his mother. Señor de Oca. "Senior Fortun Albaroz…cum uxore mea domna Tota" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 26 Aug 1078, confirmed by "senior Didaco Albaroz…senior Albaro Didaz…"[1186]. “…Senior Didaco Albaroz…” subscribed the charter dated 18 Apr 1081 under which “Ranimirus filius Garsie regis et Stefanie regina” donated property to Santa María de Nájera[1187]. "Senior Didaco Orioliz" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 11 Nov 1084, confirmed by "…sennor Didaco Alvarez dominantur Auca, sennor Alvaro Didaz dominantur Granione…"[1188]. "Domna Iuliana" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1085, confirmed by "…sennor Didaco Alvarez, filio eius sennor Alvaro Didaz…"[1189]. "Adefonsus…Ispanie imperator" permitted the abbey of Silos to establish outposts near the abbey, with the consent of "uxoris mee Berte regine", by charter dated 20 Jan [1096/98], confirmed by "…Didago Albariz…"[1190]. "Petrus Sangiz…Aragonensium et Pampilonensium rex" granted property "villa de Arguiñáriz" to "Senior Didaco Albarez" by charter dated Dec 1099[1191]. m ---. Diego & his wife had two children:

i) ÁLVARO Díaz ([1040/45]-[1107/08]). "Aldefonsus totus Ispanie rex" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1077, witnessed by "…senior Alvaro Didaz, Garsia Alvarez suus filius…"[1192]. His birth date range is estimated from the likely birth date range of his son García, but bearing in mind that his father is recorded still alive in late 1099.

- see below.

ii) [ELVIRA Díaz (-[before 1070]). Sánchez de Mora names “Elvira, hija de Diego Álvarez” as the first wife of Gonzalo Salvadórez and their children “Goto, Toda, Munia, Dueña, García y Gustio”[1193]. m as his first wife, GONZALO Salvadórez, son of SALVADOR González & his wife Muniadomna --- (-killed in battle Rueda 6 Jan 1083).

iii) [GONZALO Díaz (-after 8 Jul 1074). ["…Gonçalo Diaz, Nuño Diaz, Anderquina Diaz, Alvar Diaz, Tido Diaz…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[1194]. It is likely that the five subscribers with the patronymic "Díaz" were the siblings of Gonzalo Salvadórez´s first wife. It is not known whether they were all children of the same Diego Álvarez who is named above.] Alférez of Alfonso VI King of León 17 Nov 1072 to 10 Nov 1073.]

iv) [NUÑO Díaz . "…Gonçalo Diaz, Nuño Diaz, Anderquina Diaz, Alvar Diaz, Tido Diaz…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[1195]. It is likely that the five subscribers with the patronymic "Díaz" were the siblings of Gonzalo Salvadórez´s first wife. It is not known whether they were all children of the same Diego Álvarez who is named above.]

v) [ANDERQUINA Díaz . "…Gonçalo Diaz, Nuño Diaz, Anderquina Diaz, Alvar Diaz, Tido Diaz…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[1196]. It is likely that the five subscribers with the patronymic "Díaz" were the siblings of Gonzalo Salvadórez´s first wife. It is not known whether they were all children of the same Diego Álvarez who is named above.]

vi) [TECLA Díaz ([1060 or before]-after 1104). Tecla Díaz, wife of Lope Iñíguez, was the daughter of a Diego Álvarez, as shown by the charter dated 14 Mar 1079 under which "domna Ticlo, filia de senior Didado Alvarez" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, with the consent of "domno meo comite Lope Ennecones", confirmed by "comite Gundissalvo, sennor Didaco Alvarez pater meus, Martinus Sanchiz…"[1197]. Two possible individuals named Diego Álvarez have been identified who could have been her father, firstly Diego Álvarez señor de Oca, secondly Diego Álvarez son of Marcelo (see the document NAVARRE NOBILITY). At first sight, the chronology seems to favour the first possibility. However, the second case (which is assumed to be correct by Fortún Pérez de Ciriza[1198]) is not impossible on the basis of the facts which are currently known. The validity of this second case depends on confirming the approximate dates of birth of Marcelo´s children, which has not so far been possible. If it can be assumed that Marcelo´s wife Andregoto was very old when she died, it is possible that their children were born in the late 1030s/1040s, which would be consistent with the wife of Lope Iñíguez being their granddaughter. However, Marcelo and Andregoto´s other grandson Álvaro Muñoz “el Viejo” was alive in 1183, which seems inconsistent with this theory. At present there is insufficient information to exclude either possible parentage. Tecla is therefore shown in both places, until more information comes to light. "Aldefonsus imperator tocius Castelle et Toleto necnon et Nazare seu Alave" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de Cogollo, at the request of "comite domno Lope cum coniuge sua domna Ticlo", by charter dated 1091[1199]. "Tecla comitissa filia Didaco Albaroyz" donated her property at Villa Farta to Santa Maria de Pamplona for the soul of "comitis de Lupi de Alaua et Bizcaya mariti mei" with the consent of "filiis meis Didaco, Sancie et filia Tota et Santia et Taresa" by charter dated Jan 1094[1200]. "Domna Ticlo cometissa" chose to be buried in the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1104, naming "meus pater Didaco Alvarez", and witnessed by "filios meos…Tota Lopez, Sancia Lopez, Didaco Lopez, Sancio Lopez, Teresa Lopez…"[1201]. m (before 14 Mar 1079) LOPE Iñíguez Señor de Vizcaya, son of ÍÑIGO Lopez "Ezquerra" Conde and Señor de Vizcaya & his wife Toda Fortúnez (-[1093]).]

ÁLVARO Díaz, son of DIEGO Álvarez Señor de Oca & his wife --- ([1040/45]-[1107/08]). His birth date range is estimated from the likely birth date range of his son García, but bearing in mind that his father is recorded still alive in late 1099. ["…Gonçalo Diaz, Nuño Diaz, Anderquina Diaz, Alvar Diaz, Tido Diaz…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[1202]. It is likely that the five subscribers with the patronymic "Díaz" were the siblings of Gonzalo Salvadórez´s first wife. It is not known whether they were all children of the same Diego Álvarez who is named above.] "Aldefonsus totus Ispanie rex" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1077, witnessed by "…senior Alvaro Didaz, Garsia Alvarez suus filius…"[1203]. "Senior Fortun Albaroz…cum uxore mea domna Tota" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 26 Aug 1078, confirmed by "senior Didaco Albaroz…senior Albaro Didaz…"[1204]. Señor de Petroso. The dating clause of a charter dated 1081, under which "Vita Gomiz…" donated property to the monastery of San Lorenzo de Masoa, names "regnante rege Aldefonso in Legione et in Castella, comite Garsia in Naiara, Alvar Didaz in Petroso…"[1205]. Señor de Grañón. "Senior Didaco Orioliz" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 11 Nov 1084, confirmed by "…sennor Didaco Alvarez dominantur Auca, sennor Alvaro Didaz dominantur Granione…"[1206]. "Domna Iuliana" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1085, confirmed by "…sennor Didaco Alvarez, filio eius sennor Alvaro Didaz…"[1207]. Señor de Oca. "Alfonsus rex" confirmed donations of property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 25 Nov 1089, witnessed by "…sennor Albar Didaz de Oca…"[1208].

m TERESA Ordóñez, daughter of ORDOÑO Ordóñez & his wife Anderquina --- (-after 5 Nov 1124). "Alvaro Díaz y su mujer doña Teresa Ordóñez" donated property to the monastery of San Cristóbal de Ibeas by charter dated 1077[1209]. “Alvar Diaz y su mujer Teresa Ordóñez” donated the monastery of San Cristóbal to Burgos by charter dated 27 Dec 1107[1210]. [“Los hermanos Rodrigo, Diego, Teresa y Argilo Ordóñez” donated “una porción hereditaria en la villa de Moral en territorio de Palenzuela, junto al río Arlanzón” by charter dated 1 Jan 1080[1211].] "Taresa Ordonez" granted half her property in Quintanilla Rodano, Sotopalacios and Quintana Fortuno to "Guter Fernandez et…Tota Diaz mea nepta…pro aver que dispense de Enderquina Alvarez tua mater et mea filia" by charter dated 5 Nov 1124[1212].

Álvaro & his wife had four children:

1. PEDRO Álvarez . Alferez of Alfonso VI King of Castile 1101 and 1102[1213]. His donation to Oviedo dated 1109 names his wife and seven children [1214]. "Urraca totius Ispanie regina et Aldefonsi imperatoris filia" donated property to the abbey of Silos by charter dated 13 Apr 1121, confirmed by "…Petrus Alvares…"[1215]. m GUINA Rodríguez, daughter of RODRIGO --- & his wife ---. She is named as the wife of Pedro Álvarez in the latter's donation to Oviedo dated 1109, which also names their seven children[1216]. Pedro & his wife had seven children:

a) RODRIGO Pérez .

b) ÁLVARO Pérez .

c) JUAN Pérez .

d) ALDONZA Pérez .

e) GUNTRODO Pérez .

f) MUNIA Pérez .

g) FAQUILO Pérez .

2. GARCÍA Álvarez (-[killed in battle Uclés 30 May 1108]). "Aldefonsus totus Ispanie rex" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 1077, witnessed by "…senior Alvaro Didaz, Garsia Alvarez suus filius…"[1217]. "…Garcia Alvariz, Ordonius Alvariz…" subscribed the charter dated 17 Aug 1077 which records an agreement between Bishop Diego Peláez and the abbot of Antealtares, San Fagundo[1218]. Alférez of Alfonso VI King of Castile 2 Jan 1102 to 14 May 1107. "…Garcia Aluariz armiger regis…" subscribed the charter dated 14 May 1107 under which "Adefonsus…Toletani imperii rex…cum…uxore mea Helisabet regina" approved the mint of Santiago de Compostela[1219].

3. ORDOÑO Álvarez ([1060/65]-after 1109). His birth date range is estimated on the basis of the likely birth date of his daughter. "…Garcia Alvariz, Ordonius Alvariz…" subscribed the charter dated 17 Aug 1077 which records an agreement between Bishop Diego Peláez and the abbot of Antealtares, San Fagundo[1220]. Alférez of Alfonso VI King of Castile 30 Apr 1099-13 Apr 1101. He donated property previously belonging to his supposed father-in-law in 1097[1221]. He confirmed the 1109 donation of his brother don Pedro1203. [1222]m firstly doña VELASQUITA "Cete Suárez". m secondly ([1088/90]) doña GONTRODO [Sol] Rodríguez, daughter of ---. She and her husband jointly acquired land in the valley of Tudela[1223]. m thirdly ([1100]) MARINA Sánchez, daughter of [conde SANCHO Jiménez] & his wife ---. Ordoño & his first wife had one child:

a) MARÍA Ordóñez ([before 1088]-after 1141). Considering her daughter's marriage in 1120, it is likely that María was born before 1088, and therefore was the daughter of her father's first marriage. "Petro Didaz et uxor mea Maria Ordoniz" donated "monasterio Sancti Iohanis de Uirbiu in Asturias in Piaronia" to Eslonza monastery by charter dated 13 Jul 1129[1224]. Her marriage is confirmed by the Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris which records that King Alfonso VII "took a concubine…Guntroda, the daughter of Pedro Díaz and María Ordóñez…who belonged to the greatest family of the Asturians and the Tinians", dated to [1130/32] from the context[1225]. A charter dated 1132 records an agreement between the monastery of Eslonza and "Petrum Didazi…et uxor eius Maria Ordoniz" concerning the church of San Juan de Verbio[1226]. She named her nine children in an 1141 donation[1227]. m don PEDRO Díaz de Valle, son of don DIEGO Gutiérrez & his wife doña Gotina Pérez (-[1137/41]).

Ordoño & his --- wife had three children:

b) SUERO Ordóñez . m firstly (separated) JULIANA, daughter of --. m secondly as her second husband, condesa doña MARÍA Fernández, widow of conde don ALFONSO Núñez, daughter of don FERNANDO Díaz & his wife doña Enderquina Muñoz. Suero & his first wife had --- children:

i) ---.

c) URRACA Ordóñez .

d) JIMENA Ordóñez .

4. ENDERQUINA Álvarez (-before 5 Nov 1124). "Taresa Ordonez" granted half her property in Quintanilla Rodano, Sotopalacios and Quintana Fortuno to "Guter Fernandez et…Tota Diaz mea nepta…pro aver que dispense de Enderquina Alvarez tua mater et mea filia" by charter dated 5 Nov 1124[1228]. The primary source which confirms her husband´s name has not yet been identified. m DIEGO Sánchez, son of ---. Diego & his wife had one child:

a) TODA Díaz (-after 15 Feb 1149). "Taresa Ordonez" granted half her property in Quintanilla Rodano, Sotopalacios and Quintana Fortuno to "Guter Fernandez et…Tota Diaz mea nepta…pro aver que dispense de Enderquina Alvarez tua mater et mea filia" by charter dated 5 Nov 1124[1229]. The primary source which confirms her father´s name has not yet been identified. According to Torres Sevilla[1230], doña Toda Díaz was niece of García García de Aza but this is not compatible with the latter's family as set out in the document CASTILE & LEÓN NOBILITY (1). Alfonso VII King of Castile granted the monastery of San Salvador de El Moral to "domno Guterro Frenandez et uxore vestra domna Toda" by charter dated 5 Apr 1139[1231]. Alfonso VII King of Castile granted property near San Salvador de El Moral to "domno Guterrio Ferrandez et uxori vestra Tode" by charter dated 29 Jan 1146[1232]. Alfonso VII King of Castile granted "una villa…in termino de Ozieza…Foramnada" to "domno Guteirrio et uxori vestra domine Tote" by charter dated 15 Feb 1149[1233]. m (before 5 Nov 1124) GUTIERRE Fernández de Castro, son of don FERNANDO García de Hita [Castro] & his first wife --- (-1166, bur monastery of San Cristobál de Ibeas).

Chapter 16. SALDAÑA and CARRIÓN (BENI GÓMEZ FAMILY)

The origins of this family, known as Beni Gómez both in Muslim and Christian Spain, are obscure. The following ancestry of Diego Muñoz Conde de Saldaña is suggested by Torres[1234]. The county of Saldaña was semi-independent, a territory between the county of Castile, the county of Cea and the county of Liébana, the last named being taken over around [970] by the count of Saldaña who thereby became one of the most powerful nobles of the time. The family's prestige is demonstrated by the marriages into the families of the counts of Castile and kings of León. The comital family of Carrión, and their connection with the benedictine monastery of San Zoilo, was studied by Gonzalo Martínez Díez who dispels the legendary reports concerning the family which were developed by later chroniclers[1235]. He dates the first documented appearance of this family, in the chronicle of Ibn Hayyan, to 933[1236].

GÓMEZ Díaz, son of ---. Señor de Mixancas, Álava.

m ---. The name of Gómez's wife is not known.

Gómez & his wife had [two] children:

1. MUNIO Gómez, known as ABOLMONDAR [Abu al-Mudhir] Albo. 910. m ---. The name of Munio´s wife is not known. Munio & his wife had [three] children:

a) [OSORIO Muñoz (-after 3 Apr 945). "Ranimirus rex, Ossorio Munniz, Didacus Munniz, Gisubado Braolioniz, Virmudus Nunniz, Abaiube iben Tepite, Recemirus iben December" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 11 Nov 944[1237]. "Ranimirus rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 29 Mar 945, subscribed by "Veremudus rex proles Adefonsi principis, Ordonius proles regis, Sancius frater Ordonius proles regis, Osorio Munniz, Assur Fernandiz, Aurelius Baroncelli"[1238]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "Osorius Munuzi…"[1239]. Martínez Díez points out that opinion is divided whether Osorio Muñoz was the brother of conde Diego Muñoz, the relationship being suggested by Pérez de Urbel (based on Diego Muñoz calling one of his sons Osorio) and Montenegro, but considered improbable by Justiniano Rodríguez[1240].]

b) DIEGO Muñoz (-[15 May 951/952]). "Ranimirus rex, Ossorio Munniz, Didacus Munniz, Gisubado Braolioniz, Virmudus Nunniz, Abaiube iben Tepite, Recemirus iben December" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 11 Nov 944[1241]. Conde de Saldaña.

- see below.

c) [GÓMEZ Muñoz (-after 26 Apr 960). Montenegro has suggested that Gómez Muñoz was the brother of conde Diego Muñoz[1242]. "…Gomez Monniz comes…Gomes Didaz…" subscribed the charter dated 26 Apr 960 under which Sancho King of Castile donated property to Sahagún[1243]. The document does not refer to his county, but it is possible that he succeeded his brother as Conde de Saldaña, and was in turn succeeded by his nephew Gómez Díaz[1244].]

2. [DIEGO Gómez . There is no proof of the existence of this Diego Gómez apart from the first name and patronymic of his supposed son Nepociano Díaz.] Three possible children:

a) [NEPOCIANO Díaz (-after 28 Jan [929]). It is likely that Nepociano Díaz belonged to the same family as the later Nepociano Díaz, who is assumed to be the son of the elder Nepociano's supposed first cousin Diego Muñoz (see below) although there is no proof that this is correct. He confirmed the 28 Jan [929] donation to the monastery of Santa María de Lara by Fernando García, later Conde de Castilla, and his mother Muniadomna[1245].]

b) [FERNANDO Díaz (-after 15 Mar 942). He confirmed the 1 May 932 judgment of Fernando González Conde de Castilla relating to the monastery of Cardeñas and Conde Fernando's 15 Mar 942 to the monastery of San Pedro de Berlangas[1246].]

c) [GÓMEZ Díaz (-after 1 May 932). He confirmed the 1 May 932 judgment of Fernando González Conde de Castilla relating to the monastery of Cardeñas, with his supposed brother Fernando Díaz[1247].]

conde DIEGO Muñoz, son of [MUNIO Gómez] & his wife --- (-[15 May 951/952]). The chronicle of Ibn Hayyan records the rebellions of "los condes Banu Gómez y Ansúrez contra su rey, el tirano Ramiro hijo de Ordoño, en apoyo de su hermano Alfonso", dated to 933[1248]. Martínez Díez identifies "Banu Gómez" as conde Diego Muñoz[1249]. Diego Muñoz (without the comital title) subscribed the charter dated 1 Nov 936 under which Ramiro II King of León donated properties belonging to his father to the monastery of San Isidro de Dueñas[1250]. “Didasco Moniz...cum coniuge mea Tegridia” founded the monastery of San Román de Entrepeñas by charter dated 940, witnessed by “Tegridia...Monmo, Gomez, Ieluira, Ossorio...”[1251]. "Diaco Monniz" donated a bust "Picones" at "Cansoles" to Sahagún by charter dated 13 Mar 941[1252]. "Ranimirus rex, Ossorio Munniz, Didacus Munniz, Gisubado Braolioniz, Virmudus Nunniz, Abaiube iben Tepite, Recemirus iben December" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 11 Nov 944[1253]. Until the early 940s he was a supporter of the kings of León, signing in 941 the pact between King Ramiro II and the Caliph. The Cronica de Sampiro records that "Fredenandus Gundissalui et Didacus Munionis" rebelled against King Ramiro II, who captured them and imprisoned them "unum in Legione, alterum in Gordone"[1254], dated to [943/44] by Torres[1255]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "Fredenandus Gundesalviz, Didacus Munniz…"[1256]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "…Didaco Muniz…"[1257]. Conde de Saldaña [945/50]. "Fredinandus Gundisalviz comes Castelle, Didacus Monnioz comes Saldanie, Vermudus Nunez comes in Ceie, Pelagio Gundisalviz comes, Osorio Gutierriz comes, Roderico Gutierriz comes, Piloti Gebuldiz comes, Fredinando Assurez comes…" subscribed the charter dated 17 Jun 950 under which Ramiro II King of León donated property to the monastery of Cea[1258]. His last documented appearance is as witness to King Ordoño III's donation to the monastery of Sahagún 15 May 951[1259].

m ([930]) TEGRIDIA, daughter of ---. “Didasco Moniz...cum coniuge mea Tegridia” founded the monastery of San Román de Entrepeñas by charter dated 940, witnessed by “Tegridia...Monmo, Gomez, Ieluira, Ossorio...”[1260]. Martínez Díez suggests [930] as the date of the couple´s marriage, on the basis of the presence of four children in this document[1261].

Diego & his wife had [nine] children:

1. MUNIO Díaz (-after [952]). “Didasco Moniz...cum coniuge mea Tegridia” founded the monastery of San Román de Entrepeñas by charter dated 940, witnessed by “Tegridia...Monmo, Gomez, Ieluira, Ossorio...”[1262]. He confirmed King Ordoño III's donation to the monastery of Castañeda in [952], indicating that his father had died by that time[1263].

2. GÓMEZ Díaz (-after 5 Dec 986). “Didasco Moniz...cum coniuge mea Tegridia” founded the monastery of San Román de Entrepeñas by charter dated 940, witnessed by “Tegridia...Monmo, Gomez, Ieluira, Ossorio...”[1264]. "…Gomez Monniz comes…Gomes Didaz…" subscribed the charter dated 26 Apr 960 under which Sancho King of Castile donated property to Sahagún[1265]. "Ranimiro rex et Gelbira reina domna" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 11 May 971, confirmed by "…Gomic Didaci…"[1266]. He confirmed donations 11 May 976 ("Gomez Didazi"), 16 Jun 977 ("Gomiz Diaz comes"), 1 Sep 986 ("Gomiz Didazi"), 27 Nov 986 ("Gomez Diaz") and 5 Dec 986 ("Gomiz Didazi")[1267]. Although there appears to be no direct proof that all these entries relate to the Conde de Saldaña, the documents refer to other individuals who appear to be members of his family, in particular those of 27 Nov 986 (his supposed sister Guntrodo and brother-in-law Ablavel Godestéiz) and 1 Sep 986 (his supposed brother Osorio Díaz). Conde de Liébana: the dating clause of a charter dated 26 Apr 977, relating to the monastery of Piasca in Liébana, refers to "regnante rex Rademiro in Legione et comite Gomizi Diaz in Libana"[1268]. m (after Jun 970) MUNIADOMNA Fernández, daughter of FERNANDO González Conde de Castilla & his first wife Sancha Sánchez de Navarra (-before 1015). A charter of Sahagún dated 1036 records that, after the death of "Comes Fredenandus Gundisalviz Duc Kastelle", "filia sua…Domna Mumadona comitissa" married "virum…comite Gomez Didaz"[1269]. A charter of Sahagún monastery records that, alter the death of “comes Fredenandus Gundisalviz, Dux Castellæ…filia sua…domna Momodomna comitissa” married “comite Gomez Didaz”[1270]. Gómez & his wife had six children:

a) GARCÍA Gómez (-after 1017). Conde. "Garcia Gomez conde" donated his share of property "quam habeo de avorum parentumque meorum in villa…Calzatella in territorio de Carrione, in valle de Quoza" to Sahagún by charter dated 15 May 984[1271]. "Gunterodo Dea dicata, Fredenando Didaci, Garsea Gomize, Velasco Gomize, Sanzo Gomez, Monnio Gomez, Fafila Fredenandiz, Osorio Fre[de]nandiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Sep 986 under which Osorio Díaz donated "villa de Arcello" to Sahagún[1272]. He rebelled against Vermudo II King of León in 988/89. He also supported the rebellion of Gonzalo Vermúdez, his supposed father-in-law married to the sister of Queen Velasquita, and in 993 succeeded in temporarily expelling King Vermudo from León[1273]. His relations with León improved with the accession of King Alfonso V and, after the death of al-Mansur, García Gómez was one of the nobles who counter-signed the peace treaty with his son al-Muzzaffar[1274]. He incorporated Cea and Grajal into his dominions in 1005 and Ceión in 1007. García rebelled again in 1007, claiming the title Conde de León. A charter of Sahagún dated 1036 records that "Comes Domno Garsea […Gomiz] et mater eius" [referring back to "Domna Mumadona comitissa"] donated property to Sahagún monastery by way of "dotis ad uxore sua Domna Mumadona"[1275]. m MUNIADOMNA, daughter of [GONZALO Vermúdez & his wife Ildonza Ramírez]. A charter of Sahagún dated 1036 records that "Comes Domno Garsea […Gomiz] et mater eius" [referring back to "Domna Mumadona comitissa"] donated property to Sahagún monastery by way of "dotis ad uxore sua Domna Mumadona"[1276]. She was the niece of Queen Velasquita of León.

b) VELASCO Gómez (-[1000]). Conde. "Gunterodo Dea dicata, Fredenando Didaci, Garsea Gomize, Velasco Gomize, Sanzo Gomez, Monnio Gomez, Fafila Fredenandiz, Osorio Fre[de]nandiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Sep 986 under which Osorio Díaz donated "villa de Arcello" to Sahagún[1277]. It is possible that he was the conde of the family of Beni Gómez who was decapitated at the battle of Cervera in 1000[1278].

c) SANCHO Gómez (-executed Guadalmellato 1009). Conde. "Gunterodo Dea dicata, Fredenando Didaci, Garsea Gomize, Velasco Gomize, Sanzo Gomez, Monnio Gomez, Fafila Fredenandiz, Osorio Fre[de]nandiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Sep 986 under which Osorio Díaz donated "villa de Arcello" to Sahagún[1279]. Tenente in Ceión. He was killed with Sanchuelo, son of al-Mansor, with whom Sancho returned to Córdoba after the coup led by Caliph Muhammad[1280]. m TODA García de Castilla, daughter of GARCÍA I Fernández Conde de Castilla & his wife Ava --- (-after 1031). "…Tota comitissa, Frolinda comitissa…" subscribed the charter dated 25 Dec 978 under which "Garsias Ferdinandez…cum coniuge mea Ava comitisa" founded the monastery of San Cosme y San Damian de Covarrubias, offering "filiam…nostram Urracam" as a nun there[1281]. She retained Líebana after the death of her husband[1282]. "Domna Toda comitissa…filia quondam genitoris mei Garsea Fredenandiz et matris mea Domna Ava" donated the monastery of San Pelayo de Nabeda to Sahagún by charter dated 1031, subscribed by "Gundisalbo Petriz, Gundisalbo Monniuz"[1283]. Sancho & his wife had one child:

i) ELVIRA Sánchez (-after 1060). A charter dated 1060 records that "la condesa Elvira" had received property from "su marido Fernando Díaz", that they had several children, but after the death of two of them "Sancho y Urraca", as well as the death of her husband, the property passed to "doña Toda" who donated it, in the presence of "la propia condesa Elvira", to San Salvador de Nogal[1284]. m firstly conde don FERNANDO Peláez, son of PELAYO Rodríguez & his wife Gotina Fernández. m secondly her second cousin, FERNANDO Díaz, son of conde DIEGO Fernández & his wife Marina --- (-1038).

d) [URRACA (-20 May 1025). "Sancius comes cum coniuge mea Urracha" offered "filiam nostram Tegridiam" to the monastery of San Salvador de Oña by charter dated 12 Feb 1011[1285]. The parentage of the wife of Conde Sancho García is not known. Salazar y Acha suggests that she was the daughter of conde Gómez Díaz de Saldaña & his wife Muniadomna Fernández de Castilla[1286]. He bases this especially on the introduction of the name Tegridia into the family of the condes de Castilla, the name of the mother of conde Gómez Díaz. Regent of the county of Castile during the minority of her son. She was regent of the county of Castile during the minority of her son. m ([985/95]) SANCHO García de Castilla, son of GARCÍA I Fernández Conde de Castilla & his wife Ava de Ribagorza ([965]-5 Feb 1017, bur San Salvador de Oña). He succeeded his father in 995 as SANCHO I Conde de Castilla.]

e) SANCHA Gómez (-after 983). Pérez´s history of Sahagún monastery, published in 1782, quotes a document dated 980 in the monastery´s archives which names "Ranimirus Rex sedis Legionensem cum uxore sua Sanctia Regina"[1287]. One manuscript of the Chronicon de Sampiro records that “Ranimirus Rex” married “Urraca” who was buried “Oveti”[1288]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. m (before Jan 979) RAMIRO III King of León, son of SANCHO I “el Craso” King of León & his wife Teresa Ansúrez ([961]-984).

f) MUNIO Gómez (-[1024/27]). "Gunterodo Dea dicata, Fredenando Didaci, Garsea Gomize, Velasco Gomize, Sanzo Gomez, Monnio Gomez, Fafila Fredenandiz, Osorio Fre[de]nandiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Sep 986 under which Osorio Díaz donated "villa de Arcello" to Sahagún[1289]. He confirmed a donation of property “de su madre domna Mamadona” to Santo Toribio de Liébana by charter dated 1015[1290]. Conde [1020]. "Miles Monius Gomiz et uxori mea Jelovira filia Fafila Fredenandiz et Domna Adosinda dive memorie" donated the monastery of Boadilla to Sahagún by charter dated 1024[1291]. m [his possible second cousin,] ELVIRA Fáfilaz, daughter of conde FÁFILA Fernández & his wife Adosinda --- (-after 2 Sep 1046). "Miles Monius Gomiz et uxori mea Jelovira filia Fafila Fredenandiz et Domna Adosinda dive memorie" donated the monastery of Boadilla to Sahagún by charter dated 1024[1292]. “Elvira Christi ancilla” donated property “la vila Vemudo, junto al río Valdavia, otra vila…´Aguirolo de Susano´”, for the soul of “su marido Munio Gómez y…de sus padres Fáfila Fernández y Adosinda” by charter dated 18 Aug [1027][1293]. "Ordoño Fafilaz, su mujer Adosinda, su hijo y la condesa doña Gelvira, hermana de aquél" donated "la villa…Bercianos" to Sahagún by charter dated 2 Sep 1046[1294]. Alfonso VI King of Castile donated "…hereditates que fuerunt de comitisssa domina Geluira filia comes Faffila Fernandiz…in ripa de Estola et in illa terra de Sumontia" to "soror mea domina Urracca prolis Fredenandiz" by charter dated 15 Oct 1071[1295]. Munio & his wife had [one possible child]:

i) [MUNIO Muñoz . Martínez Díez suggests that Munio Muñoz was the son of Munio Gómez[1296]. However, it is possible that this was the same person as conde Munio Muñoz, son of Munio Rodríguez "Canis" and his wife Anderquina Fróilaz (see above). Conde. "Monnio Monniz comes, Petro Froilaz comes, Diaco Fernandiz comes…" subscribed the charter dated 30 Jun 1019 which records a donation to Sahagún[1297].]

3. ELVIRA Díaz ([930] or before-). “Didasco Moniz...cum coniuge mea Tegridia” founded the monastery of San Román de Entrepeñas by charter dated 940, witnessed by “Tegridia...Monmo, Gomez, Ieluira, Ossorio...”[1298]. There is no proof that the wife of Fernando Vermúdez was the daughter of Diego Muñoz, but the onomastics are favourable and a marriage between the two equally influential Saldaña and Cea families is to be expected[1299]. She confirmed a donation to the monastery of Santa Colomba de Ripa Rubia 5 Jan 975 with her husband, the document also confirmed by their children and their son-in-law Flaín Muñoz[1300]. m (before [950]) conde FERNANDO Vermúdez, son of VERMUDO Núñez Conde [de Cea] & his first wife Argilo --- (-after 9 Oct 978).

4. OSORIO Díaz ([930]-after 5 Dec 986). “Didasco Moniz...cum coniuge mea Tegridia” founded the monastery of San Román de Entrepeñas by charter dated 940, witnessed by “Tegridia...Monmo, Gomez, Ieluira, Ossorio...”[1301]. He confirmed donations to the monastery of Sahagún 11 May 976, 16 Jun 977, 23 Apr 978, 18 Jan 982, 1 Sep 986, 27 Nov 986 and 5 Dec 986[1302]. "Osorio Didaci" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 1 Sep 986, which names "Tegridia genetrix Osorio Didaci…uxor Osorio Didaci dive memorie Sanzie filie Sanctionis et Ildonze…Munnio Didaci abio uxoris Osorio Didaci"[1303]. Conde. "Osorius Didaz comes" confirmed the 27 Nov 986 donation of his supposed sister Guntrodo and brother-in-law Ablavel Godestéiz[1304]. He rebelled against Vermudo II King of León and his property was confiscated, as shown by the charter dated 1 Sep 996 which records his marriage (see below). m SANCHA Sánchez, daughter of conde SANCHO Muñoz & his wife Ildonza Fróilaz (-before 1 Sep 986). King Vermudo II donated property to Celanova by charter dated 1 Sep 996 which names “Froila Gutterriz et uxor eius Flamule” and their successor and child “Ildontie” who left “filiam Santia” who married “Osorius Didaci” who rebelled against the king and whose property was donated (=confiscated)[1305]. "Osorio Didaci" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 1 Sep 986, which names "Tegridia genetrix Osorio Didaci…uxor Osorio Didaci dive memorie Sanzie filie Sanctionis et Ildonze…Munnio Didaci abio uxoris Osorio Didaci"[1306].

5. FERNANDO Díaz ([939/40 or after]-after 1003). His absence from his supposed father´s charter dated 940 indicates that Fernando must not have been born then, or have been an infant considered too young to be named. Fernando Díaz confirmed documents relating to the monastery of Sahagún 11 May 976, 16 Jun 977 and 1 Sep 986[1307], the last being the donation of his supposed brother Osorio Díaz, and the other two also being confirmed by his supposed brothers Gómez and Osorio Díaz.

- see below.

6. GUNTRODO Díaz ([939/40 or after]-after 27 Nov 986). Her absence from her supposed father´s charter dated 940 indicates that Fernando must not have been born then, or have been an infant considered too young to be named. "Gunterodo Dea dicata, Fredenando Didaci, Garsea Gomize, Velasco Gomize, Sanzo Gomez, Monnio Gomez, Fafila Fredenandiz, Osorio Fre[de]nandiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Sep 986 under which Osorio Díaz donated "villa de Arcello" to Sahagún[1308]. "Ablavel Godestioz et Guntrodo uxor" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 27 Nov 986[1309], although the date of this document appears to contradict the previous charter dated 1 Sep 986 which records "Gunterodo Dea dicata" as having professed religion. m ABLAVEL Godestéiz, son of ---. Ablavel & his wife had one child:

a) ELDOARA . She donated property to the monastery of Sahagún 23 Oct 973, naming her mother Guntroda[1310].

7. [NEPOCIANO Díaz ([940 or after]-after 18 Jan 982). If Nepociano and Gonzalo were the sons of Diego Muñoz they were presumably born after 940 as they are not named in their father's document of that date. Conde. Although there is no proof that Nepociano Díaz was the son of conde Diego Muñoz, Nepociano confirmed documents relating to the monastery of Sahagún 11 May 976 and 18 Jan 982[1311], the former also confirmed by his supposed brothers Gómez, Osorio and Fernando Díaz, and the latter by Osorio Díaz. Although there were other possible "Diego" fathers at the time, none appears to have been so well connected as Diego Muñoz, which could also explain Nepociano's high-profile marriage. "Giloira Ranimiri principis filia" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 4 Apr 970, confirmed by "…Nepotianus Didaci, Froila Didaci…"[1312]. "Ranimirus rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 18 Jan 977, confirmed by "…Nepotianus Didaz…"[1313]. Nepociano also confirmed the 12 Jul 970 donation of García Fernández Conde de Castilla to the monastery of Arlanza[1314].] m URRACA de León, daughter of SANCHO I "el Craso" King of León & his wife Teresa Ansúrez ([962/66]-after 997). Nepociano & his wife had [one possible son]:

a) [OSORIO --- ]. There is no proof that Osorio, father of Nepociano Osorio, was the son of Nepociano Díaz but the use of this unusual first name Nepociano suggests that there may be a close connection.

i) NEPOCIANO Osórez (-before 1040). There is no proof that Nepociano Osórez was related to Nepociano Díaz, although the unusual first name indicates a connection. Nepociano Osórez was probably the right age to have been the grandson of Nepociano Díaz. Alférez 1032 to 9 Jun 1037[1315]. m as her first husband, MUNIADOMNA Godestéiz, daughter of GODESTEO Díaz & his wife Teresa Muñoz ([1005/15]-after 2 Apr 1083). She married secondly ([1040/42]) as his second wife, conde don Munio Alfonso. Nepociano & his wife had one child:

(a) doña TERESA Nepociániz .

8. [FROILA Díaz ([940 or after]-after 4 Apr 970). "Giloira Ranimiri principis filia" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 4 Apr 970, confirmed by "…Nepotianus Didaci, Froila Didaci…"[1316].]

9. [GONZALO Díaz ([940 or after]-after 16 Jun 977). Although there is no proof that Gonzalo Díaz was the son of conde Diego Muñoz, Gonzalo confirmed documents relating to the monastery of Sahagún 11 May 976 and 16 Jun 977[1317], both of which were also confirmed by his supposed brothers Gómez, Osorio and Fernando Díaz.]

FERNANDO Díaz, son of DIEGO Muñoz Conde de Saldaña & his wife Tegridia --- ([939/40 or after]-after 1003). His absence from his supposed father´s charter dated 940 indicates that Fernando must not have been born then, or have been an infant considered too young to be named. Fernando Díaz confirmed documents relating to the monastery of Sahagún 11 May 976, 16 Jun 977 and 1 Sep 986[1318], the last being the donation of his supposed brother Osorio Díaz, and the other two also being confirmed by his supposed brothers Gómez and Osorio Díaz. "Gunterodo Dea dicata, Fredenando Didaci, Garsea Gomize, Velasco Gomize, Sanzo Gomez, Monnio Gomez, Fafila Fredenandiz, Osorio Fre[de]nandiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Sep 986 under which Osorio Díaz donated "villa de Arcello" to Sahagún[1319]. He confirmed a donation to the monastery of San Cipriano de Valdesaz by Ramiro III King of León in Nov 978, together with his nephew Pedro Fernández [ de Cea][1320].

m MANSUARA Fáfilaz, daughter of conde FÁFILA Oláliz & his wife ---. Martínez Díez records that Fernando Díaz married Mansuara Fáfilaz, daughter of conde Fáfila Oláliz[1321].

Fernando & his wife had [six] children:

1. DIEGO Fernández (-[1028/34]). Conde.

- see below.

2. [FÁFILA Fernández ([965/70]-). "Gunterodo Dea dicata, Fredenando Didaci, Garsea Gomize, Velasco Gomize, Sanzo Gomez, Monnio Gomez, Fafila Fredenandiz, Osorio Fre[de]nandiz…Froila Fredenandiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Sep 986 under which Osorio Díaz donated "villa de Arcello" to Sahagún[1322]. It is clear that the subscribers "…Garsea Gomize, Velasco Gomize, Sanzo Gomez, Monnio Gomez…" were the sons of Gómez Díaz. However, it is not known whether the subscribers "…Fafila Fredenandiz, Osorio Fre[de]nandiz…Froila Fredenandiz…" were sons of Fernando Díaz. The absence of the other known sons of Fernando Díaz from the list of subscribers suggests that this affiliation may not be correct, and, in the case of Froila Fernández, the fact that his name appears well down the list after his supposed brothers Fáfila and Osorio. Conde. m ADOSINDA, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 18 Aug [1027] under which her daughter “Elvira Christi ancilla” donated property “la vila Vemudo, junto al río Valdavia, otra vila…´Aguirolo de Susano´”, for the soul of “su marido Munio Gómez y…de sus padres Fáfila Fernández y Adosinda”[1323]. Fáfila & his wife had two children:

a) ELVIRA Fáfilaz (-after 2 Sep 1046). "Miles Monius Gomiz et uxori mea Jelovira filia Fafila Fredenandiz et Domna Adosinda dive memorie" donated the monastery of Boadilla to Sahagún by charter dated 1024[1324]. “Elvira Christi ancilla” donated property “la vila Vemudo, junto al río Valdavia, otra vila…´Aguirolo de Susano´”, for the soul of “su marido Munio Gómez y…de sus padres Fáfila Fernández y Adosinda” by charter dated 18 Aug [1027][1325]. "Ordoño Fafilaz, su mujer Adosinda, su hijo y la condesa doña Gelvira, hermana de aquél" donated "la villa…Bercianos" to Sahagún by charter dated 2 Sep 1046[1326]. Alfonso VI King of Castile donated "…hereditates que fuerunt de comitisssa domina Geluira filia comes Faffila Fernandiz…in ripa de Estola et in illa terra de Sumontia" to "soror mea domina Urracca prolis Fredenandiz" by charter dated 15 Oct 1071[1327]. m her father's first cousin, MUNIO Gómez, son of conde GÓMEZ Díaz & his wife Muniadomna Fernández.

b) ORDOÑO Fáfilaz (-after 2 Sep 1046). "Ordoño Fafilaz, su mujer Adosinda, su hijo y la condesa doña Gelvira, hermana de aquél" donated "la villa…Bercianos" to Sahagún by charter dated 2 Sep 1046[1328]. m ADOSINDA Núñez, daughter of --- (-after 30 May 1069). "Ordoño Fafilaz, su mujer Adosinda, su hijo y la condesa doña Gelvira, hermana de aquél" donated "la villa…Bercianos" to Sahagún by charter dated 2 Sep 1046[1329]. "Adosinda Nuniz" donated one third of "la villa de Castellanos" to "su hija Enderquina Ordoniz" by charter dated 30 May 1069[1330]. Ordoño & his wife had one child:

i) ENDERQUINA Ordóñez (-after 30 May 1069). "Adosinda Nuniz" donated one third of "la villa de Castellanos" to "su hija Enderquina Ordoniz" by charter dated 30 May 1069[1331].

3. MUNIO Fernández (-[1013/16]). Conde de Astorga [997]. He rebelled against Vermudo II King of León in the 990s, and against Alfonso V King of León towards the end of his life, after which his assets were confiscated[1332]. m (before [980]) ELVIRA Fróilaz, daughter of FROILA Vela & his first wife Jimena ---. Munio & his wife had five children:

a) PEDRO Muñoz (-after 1016). m GUDIGEVA, [1333][daughter or granddaughter] of conde NUÑO Sarracínez & his wife Gudigeva. She and her husband are named in her son's donation to the monastery of San Antolín[1334]. Pedro & his wife had one child:

i) don NUÑO Pérez (-[1045]). He may have been implicated in the murder of his aunt doña Sancha[1335].

b) SANCHA Muñoz (-murdered, bur León Cathedral). She made numerous donations to the cathedral of León, in one of which in 1038 she refers to her first husband by name, and also her [maternal] grandfather Froíla Vélaz[1336]. m firstly conde PEDRO Fernández, son of [conde FERNANDO Vermúdez [de Cea] & his wife Elvira Díaz] (-1028). [1337]m secondly ([1030]) conde PELAYO Muñoz . m thirdly (before 1035) conde RODRIGO Galíndez .

c) JUAN Muñoz (-after 1016). m OTROZIA, daughter of ---. Juan & his wife had four children:

i) don JUAN Yáñez (-before 1045).

ii) don ALFONSO Yáñez (-before 1045).

iii) don MUNIO Yáñez . m doña GOTINA Gutiérrez, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1089 under which her granddaughter "Gotina Petriz…nepta de…Donna Gotina [Gutierriz] et de Monio Joanes…cum filiis meis Petro Didaz Ferrando Didaz Facunde Didaz" committed to rebuilding the monastery of Galleguillos and donating it to Sahagún[1338]. Munio & his wife had two children:

(a) don PEDRO Muñoz .

(b) doña ILDONZA [Eslonza] Muñoz (-after 9 Feb 1074). "Pedro Ovequiz y su mujer Aldonza" donated their part of "Marban junto al Araduey, en Galleguellos, en Valdespino y en Zorita" to Sahagún by charter dated 20 Nov 1048[1339]. "Pedro Ovequiz y su mujer Eldonza Moniz" donated property in "Villa Curta" to Sahagún by charter dated 1059[1340]. "Ildonza y sus hijos Facundo y Gotina" donated property "en Galleguillos, territorio de Melgar" to "Dominico Elaz" by charter dated 11 Nov 1068[1341]. "Eslonza y sus hijos Facundo y Gontina" donated property "en Gallekellos" to Sahagun by charter dated 9 Feb 1074[1342]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 1089 under which her granddaughter "Gotina Petriz…nepta de…Donna Gotina [Gutierriz] et de Monio Joanes…cum filiis meis Petro Didaz Ferrando Didaz Facunde Didaz" committed to rebuilding the monastery of Galleguillos and donating it to Sahagún[1343]. m don PEDRO Ovéquiz, son of OVECO Muñoz & his wife Marina Vimaraz.

d) doña TERESA Muñoz (-after 1049). “Tharasia Munioni filia” donated property to the monastery of St Peter and St Paul de Orria, Astorga by charter dated 1048, in which she names her late husband “Petro Froylaz comite in terra Bergidensium” and their son “Pelagium”, witnessed by “Mumma domna prolis Godesteus…”[1344]. "Tarasia…cum filiis meis Monnio Godesteiz et Moma donna Godestioz" donated the monasteries of San Justo, Pastor sobre el Pisuerga and San Juan de Valdealmillos to Sahagún monastery by charter dated 1049[1345]. m firstly GODESTEO Díaz . m secondly PEDRO Fróilaz conde del Bierzo . "…Petro Froilaz…" subscribed the charter dated 15 Nov 1028 under which "Ueremudus proles Adefonsi principis et Geluire regine" donated "villam meam…Cordario que fuit avorum et parentum meorum Menendi et dne Tote" to Santiago de Compostela[1346]. Teresa & her first husband had [six] children:

i) don DIEGO Godestéiz . "…Didacus Gudesteiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Mar 1028 under which "Tarasia proles Ueremudi principis et xristi ancilla" donated property in León to Santiago de Compostela, for the soul of "genitricis mee dive memorie dne. Giloire regine"[1347]. “Mamadonna Comitissa” donated property to “ecclesia…Sancta Maria in Samonensi” by charter dated 1071 which names “meo patre Gustio Didaz…meo germano Didaco Gustioz…mea tia Domna Onneca”[1348].

ii) doña GOTINA Godestéiz .

iii) don MUNIO Godestéiz (-after 27 Apr 1054). ["Sancha viuda de Paterno Velasquiz" donated one fifth of "la villa…Galleguillos", which she had inherited from her parents jointly with "sus hermanos Munico, Gunterodo y Mumadona", to Sahagún by charter dated 14 Jan 1038[1349].] "Tarasia…cum filiis meis Monnio Godesteiz et Moma donna Godestioz" donated the monasteries of San Justo, Pastor sobre el Pisuerga and San Juan de Valdealmillos to Sahagún monastery by charter dated 1049[1350]. “Mamadonna filia Godesteo Didaz et de domna Taresia...cum filio meo Petro Munioz”, and “Munnio Gustioz...audivi ad supradicta soror mea Mamadonna”, donated property between the rivers Duero and Arlanza to Arlanza by charter dated 27 Apr 1054[1351]. m doña MARÍA, daughter of ---. Munio & his wife had two children:

(a) don FELIPE Muñoz .

(b) don DIEGO Muñoz .

iv) [doña GONTRODA . "Sancha viuda de Paterno Velasquiz" donated one fifth of "la villa…Galleguillos", which she had inherited from her parents jointly with "sus hermanos Munico, Gunterodo y Mumadona", to Sahagún by charter dated 14 Jan 1038[1352].

v) [doña SANCHA Godestéiz (-after 14 Jan 1038). "Doña Sancha viuda de Paterno" donated "la villa de Boadilla", bought from "doña Goto", to Sahagún, in accordance with her husband´s wishes before dying, by charter dated 30 Jan 1032[1353]. "Sancha viuda de Paterno Velasquiz" donated one fifth of "la villa…Galleguillos", which she had inherited from her parents jointly with "sus hermanos Munico, Gunterodo y Mumadona", to Sahagún by charter dated 14 Jan 1038[1354]. m don PATERNO Velásquez, son of --- (-before 30 Jan 1032).]

vi) doña MUNIADOMNA Godestéiz ([1005/15]-after 2 Apr 1083). ["Sancha viuda de Paterno Velasquiz" donated one fifth of "la villa…Galleguillos", which she had inherited from her parents jointly with "sus hermanos Munico, Gunterodo y Mumadona", to Sahagún by charter dated 14 Jan 1038[1355].] "Munio hijo de Alfonso" granted "la villa de San Roman…in rio de Cisneros" to "su mujer Mumadona" for life, and after her death or second marriage to Sahagún, by charter dated 6 Mar 1042[1356]. “Tharasia Munioni filia” donated property to the monastery of St Peter and St Paul de Orria, Astorga by charter dated 1048, in which she names her late husband “Petro Froylaz comite in terra Bergidensium” and their son “Pelagium”, witnessed by “Mumma domna prolis Godesteus…”[1357]. "Munio Alfonso, su mujer Muma dona y sus hijos" donated two monasteries "en el territorio de Liébana…de Santa María de Perrozo y…de Santiago" to the monastery of Santa María de Piasca "subtus kastello Kapezon", and a third of property "en Val de Rodias" by charter dated 12 May 1048[1358]. "Mumadona hija de Gudesteo Diaz" donated her part "in Plantatella" to Sahagún by charter dated 13 Mar 1049[1359]. "Tarasia…cum filiis meis Monnio Godesteiz et Moma donna Godestioz" donated the monasteries of San Justo, Pastor sobre el Pisuerga and San Juan de Valdealmillos to Sahagún monastery by charter dated 28 May 1049[1360]. "Munio Alfonso, su hijo Alfonso Muniz y la mujer de aquél, Mumadona" donated "la villa…Ual de Luuara y de Villa Major" to Sahagún by charter dated 21 Sep [1044/49][1361]. "Domna Moniadomna et filio meo Petro Monio" donated "monasterii Sancti Laurentii" to the monastery of San Cosme y Damián y Santa Eufemia by charter dated 14 Jan 1052[1362]. “Mamadonna filia Godesteo Didaz et de domna Taresia...cum filio meo Petro Munioz”, and “Munnio Gustioz...audivi ad supradicta soror mea Mamadonna”, donated property between the rivers Duero and Arlanza to Arlanza by charter dated 27 Apr 1054[1363]. "Momadonna, Godesteo Didaz filia…cum filio meo Petro Monnioz" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 16 Nov 1055[1364]. "La condesa doña Mumadona" donated property in "Valle Rodias et in Cisnarios" to the monastery of Santa María de Piasca, on the death of "su hijo Juan", by charter dated 1 Sep 1058, which names "su otro hijo Pedro"[1365]. "La condesa doña Mumadonna y su hijo Pedro Munniniz" donated property "en Villa Filale" to "Vellido Álvarez criado nostro" by charter dated 20 Mar 1064[1366]. "Pedro Munioz hijo del conde Munio" donated property in "Villa Muzahanne, territorio de Grajal" to "Belliti Álvariz" for good service by charter dated 10 Jul 1068[1367]. A charter dated 3 May 1071 records that "el conde D. Monnio Alfonso" married "la condesa doña Mumadonna" by whom he had two sons, of whom "Juan" died when a child and "Petrus" was killed "in juvenile etate…a Sarracenorum gente", and that Muniadomna donated her property to the monastery of Santa María de Piasca, only reserving part for "Martino Petriz que vadat cum eo inter neptos de Adfonso Didaz" and "el solar de Salvador Martiniz" which she gave to "su sobrina María"[1368]. “Mamadonna Comitissa” donated property to “ecclesia…Sancta Maria in Samonensi” by charter dated 1071 which names “meo patre Gustio Didaz…meo germano Didaco Gustioz…mea tia Domna Onneca”[1369]. "Mumadoma Gudesteiz" donated property "in Villa Curte, que dió a su marido el conde Munio Alfonso el rey don Fernando" to "Gonzalo Ansuriz y su mujer Sol Rodriquiz" by charter dated 18 Nov 1071[1370]. "Mumadona hija de Godesteo Diaz" donated property "en la villa…Matancia y…in Pisorga y en San Roman de la Cupa" to "Miguel Baltariz" for life, and after his death to "su nieta Maria", by charter dated 31 Oct 1077[1371]. "La condesa Mumadonna viuda del conde Munio Alfonso" donated property "en San Roman…" to Sahagun by charter dated 2 Apr 1083[1372]. m firstly don NEPOCIANO Osóriz, son of [OSORIO Díaz & his wife Sancha Sánchez] (-before 1040). Alférez 1032 to 9 Jun 1037[1373]. m secondly ([1040/42]) as his second wife, conde don MUNIO Alfonso, son of ALFONSO Díaz & his wife María --- (-1051).

Teresa & her second husband had one child:

vii) don PELAYO Pérez . “Tharasia Munioni filia” donated property to the monastery of St Peter and St Paul de Orria, Astorga by charter dated 1048, in which she names her late husband “Petro Froylaz comite in terra Bergidensium” and their son “Pelagium”, witnessed by “Mumma domna prolis Godesteus…”[1374].

e) doña MARÍA Muñoz (-[1011/16]). m ---. One child:

i) doña TERESA . Her aunt Teresa was her tutor in 1016[1375].

4. [OSORIO Fernández (-after 1 Sep 986). "Gunterodo Dea dicata, Fredenando Didaci, Garsea Gomize, Velasco Gomize, Sanzo Gomez, Monnio Gomez, Fafila Fredenandiz, Osorio Fre[de]nandiz…Froila Fredenandiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Sep 986 under which Osorio Díaz donated "villa de Arcello" to Sahagún[1376]. It is clear that the subscribers "…Garsea Gomize, Velasco Gomize, Sanzo Gomez, Monnio Gomez…" were the sons of Gómez Díaz. However, it is not known whether the subscribers "…Fafila Fredenandiz, Osorio Fre[de]nandiz…Froila Fredenandiz…" were sons of Fernando Díaz. The absence of the other known sons of Fernando Díaz from the list of subscribers suggests that this affiliation may not be correct, and, in the case of Froila Fernández, the fact that his name appears well down the list after his supposed brothers Fáfila and Osorio. m GISLAVARA, daughter of ---.]

5. GÓMEZ Fernández .

6. [FROILA Fernández (-after 1 Sep 986). "Gunterodo Dea dicata, Fredenando Didaci, Garsea Gomize, Velasco Gomize, Sanzo Gomez, Monnio Gomez, Fafila Fredenandiz, Osorio Fre[de]nandiz…Froila Fredenandiz…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Sep 986 under which Osorio Díaz donated "villa de Arcello" to Sahagún[1377]. It is clear that the subscribers "…Garsea Gomize, Velasco Gomize, Sanzo Gomez, Monnio Gomez…" were the sons of Gómez Díaz. However, it is not known whether the subscribers "…Fafila Fredenandiz, Osorio Fre[de]nandiz…Froila Fredenandiz…" were sons of Fernando Díaz. The absence of the other known sons of Fernando Díaz from the list of subscribers suggests that this affiliation may not be correct, and, in the case of Froila Fernández, the fact that his name appears well down the list after his supposed brothers Fáfila and Osorio.]

1. MUNIO . m ---. The name of Munio´s wife is not known. Munio & his wife had one child:

a) doña MUNIA Muñoz (-after 12 Jan 1073). "Osorio Osoriz cum conjuge mea Monnia" donated half of the monastery of San Felix de Bovadilla and, if they died without heirs, all their property to Sahagún monastery by charter dated 3 Jun 1049[1378]. "Osorio Osoriz y su mujer Munia y sus hijos Gutierre, Marina, Gelvira, Adosinda" donated "la mitad de Saelices, de Boadilla…" to Sahagún by charter dated 7 Oct 1064[1379]. "Munia y sus hijas Marina, Gelvira y Adosinda" donated "la villa de Patrocellos in ribulo…de Cisnarios" to Sahagún, for the soul of "su hijo y hermano Gutier Osoriz", by charter dated 7 Oct 1065[1380]. "Monia hija de Munio con sus hijas Marina, Gelvira y Adosinda" donated property in "Donemar in territorio de Cisnarios", inherited from "su marido y padre Osorio Osoriz", to "Pelayo Juanes" by charter dated 23 Aug 1072[1381]. "Monia Moniz" donated part of a monastery "en la villa…Priamallias…iglesia de San Salvador en el alfoz de Noancha territorio de Penamian…", reserving rights for "meas filias", to "Salvador Adrianiz presbítero" by charter dated 12 Jan 1073[1382]. m don OSORIO Osóriz, son of --- (-[7 Oct 1064/7 Oct 1065]). "Osorio Osoriz cum conjuge mea Monnia" donated half of the monastery of San Felix de Bovadilla and, if they died without heirs, all their property to Sahagún monastery by charter dated 3 Jun 1049[1383]. "Osorio Osoriz y su mujer Munia y sus hijos Gutierre, Marina, Gelvira, Adosinda" donated "la mitad de Saelices, de Boadilla…" to Sahagún by charter dated 7 Oct 1064[1384].

1. don OSORIO Osóriz (-[7 Oct 1064/7 Oct 1065]). "Osorio Osoriz cum conjuge mea Monnia" donated half of the monastery of San Felix de Bovadilla and, if they died without heirs, all their property to Sahagún monastery by charter dated 3 Jun 1049[1385]. "Osorio Osoriz y su mujer Munia y sus hijos Gutierre, Marina, Gelvira, Adosinda" donated "la mitad de Saelices, de Boadilla…" to Sahagún by charter dated 7 Oct 1064[1386]. m doña MUNIA Muñoz, daughter of don MUNIO --- & his wife --- (-after 12 Jan 1073). "Osorio Osoriz cum conjuge mea Monnia" donated half of the monastery of San Felix de Bovadilla and, if they died without heirs, all their property to Sahagún monastery by charter dated 3 Jun 1049[1387]. "Osorio Osoriz y su mujer Munia y sus hijos Gutierre, Marina, Gelvira, Adosinda" donated "la mitad de Saelices, de Boadilla…" to Sahagún by charter dated 7 Oct 1064[1388]. "Munia y sus hijas Marina, Gelvira y Adosinda" donated "la villa de Patrocellos in ribulo…de Cisnarios" to Sahagún, for the soul of "su hijo y hermano Gutier Osoriz", by charter dated 7 Oct 1065[1389]. "Monia hija de Munio con sus hijas Marina, Gelvira y Adosinda" donated property in "Donemar in territorio de Cisnarios", inherited from "su marido y padre Osorio Osoriz", to "Pelayo Juanes" by charter dated 23 Aug 1072[1390]. "Monia Moniz" donated part of a monastery "en la villa…Priamallias…iglesia de San Salvador en el alfoz de Noancha territorio de Penamian…", reserving rights for "meas filias", to "Salvador Adrianiz presbítero" by charter dated 12 Jan 1073[1391]. Osorio & his wife had four children:

a) don GUTIERRE Osóriz (-before 7 Oct 1065). "Osorio Osoriz y su mujer Munia y sus hijos Gutierre, Marina, Gelvira, Adosinda" donated "la mitad de Saelices, de Boadilla…" to Sahagún by charter dated 7 Oct 1064[1392]. "Munia y sus hijas Marina, Gelvira y Adosinda" donated "la villa de Patrocellos in ribulo…de Cisnarios" to Sahagún, for the soul of "su hijo y hermano Gutier Osoriz", by charter dated 7 Oct 1065[1393].

b) doña MARINA Osóriz (-after 23 Aug 1072). "Osorio Osoriz y su mujer Munia y sus hijos Gutierre, Marina, Gelvira, Adosinda" donated "la mitad de Saelices, de Boadilla…" to Sahagún by charter dated 7 Oct 1064[1394]. "Munia y sus hijas Marina, Gelvira y Adosinda" donated "la villa de Patrocellos in ribulo…de Cisnarios" to Sahagún, for the soul of "su hijo y hermano Gutier Osoriz", by charter dated 7 Oct 1065[1395]. "Monia hija de Munio con sus hijas Marina, Gelvira y Adosinda" donated property in "Donemar in territorio de Cisnarios", inherited from "su marido y padre Osorio Osoriz", to "Pelayo Juanes" by charter dated 23 Aug 1072[1396].

c) doña ELVIRA Osóriz (-after 15 Jan 1095). "Osorio Osoriz y su mujer Munia y sus hijos Gutierre, Marina, Gelvira, Adosinda" donated "la mitad de Saelices, de Boadilla…" to Sahagún by charter dated 7 Oct 1064[1397]. "Munia y sus hijas Marina, Gelvira y Adosinda" donated "la villa de Patrocellos in ribulo…de Cisnarios" to Sahagún, for the soul of "su hijo y hermano Gutier Osoriz", by charter dated 7 Oct 1065[1398]. "Monia hija de Munio con sus hijas Marina, Gelvira y Adosinda" donated property in "Donemar in territorio de Cisnarios", inherited from "su marido y padre Osorio Osoriz", to "Pelayo Juanes" by charter dated 23 Aug 1072[1399]. "Doña Elvira Osoriz" donated property in "Arroio, Villaordonio, Moratinos, Masella, Castrello de Fale, in Villa Rate" to Sahagun by charter dated 15 Jan 1095[1400].

d) doña ADOSINDA Osóriz (-after 23 Aug 1072). "Osorio Osoriz y su mujer Munia y sus hijos Gutierre, Marina, Gelvira, Adosinda" donated "la mitad de Saelices, de Boadilla…" to Sahagún by charter dated 7 Oct 1064[1401]. "Munia y sus hijas Marina, Gelvira y Adosinda" donated "la villa de Patrocellos in ribulo…de Cisnarios" to Sahagún, for the soul of "su hijo y hermano Gutier Osoriz", by charter dated 7 Oct 1065[1402]. "Monia hija de Munio con sus hijas Marina, Gelvira y Adosinda" donated property in "Donemar in territorio de Cisnarios", inherited from "su marido y padre Osorio Osoriz", to "Pelayo Juanes" by charter dated 23 Aug 1072[1403].

DIEGO Fernández, son of FERNANDO Díaz & his wife Mansuara Fáfilaz (-[1028/34]). ["Ranimiro rex et Gelbira reina domna" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 11 May 971, confirmed by "…Didaqu Fredinandic comes et Maria domna mulier…"[1404]. Conde. This charter appears early to apply to Diego Fernández, son of Fernando Díaz.] He took part in several rebellions against Alfonso V King of León[1405].

m MARINA, daughter of ---. ["Ranimiro rex et Gelbira reina domna" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 11 May 971, confirmed by "…Didaqu Fredinandic comes et Maria domna mulier…"[1406]. This charter appears early to apply to Diego Fernández, son of Fernando Díaz.]

Diego & his wife had three children:

1. FERNANDO Díaz (-1038). Conde. "Fernando Didaz comes…Assur Diaz, Gomez Didaz" subscribed the charter dated 1036 under which Vermudo III King of León donated property[1407]. m as her second husband, ELVIRA Sánchez, widow of conde don FERNANDO Peláez, daughter of SANCHO Gómez & his wife --- (-after 1060). A charter dated 1060 records that "la condesa Elvira" had received property from "su marido Fernando Díaz", that they had several children, but after the death of two of them "Sancho y Urraca", as well as the death of her husband, the property passed to "doña Toda" who donated it, in the presence of "la propia condesa Elvira", to San Salvador de Nogal[1408]. Fernando & his wife had four children:

a) SANCHO Fernández (-before 1060). A charter dated 1060 records that "la condesa Elvira" had received property from "su marido Fernando Díaz", that they had several children, but after the death of two of them "Sancho y Urraca", as well as the death of her husband, the property passed to "doña Toda" who donated it, in the presence of "la propia condesa Elvira", to San Salvador de Nogal[1409].

b) EMILIANO Fernández (-after 27 Mar 1046). “Emiliano Fernández, hijo del conde Fernando” donated property “en Olivares y el monasterio de San Cosme y San Damian” to San Salvador de Oviedo by charter dated 27 Mar 1046[1410].

c) URRACA Fernández (-[May 1027/1060]). “Urraca Fernández hija del conde Fernando” donated property “la villa de Quinzanas, junto al río Narcea” to San Salvador de Oviedo, confirmed by “sus hermanos”, by charter dated May 1027[1411]. A charter dated 1060 records that "la condesa Elvira" had received property from "su marido Fernando Díaz", that they had several children, but after the death of two of them "Sancho y Urraca", as well as the death of her husband, the property passed to "doña Toda" who donated it, in the presence of "la propia condesa Elvira", to San Salvador de Nogal[1412].

d) TODA Fernández (-after 1060). A charter dated 1060 records that "la condesa Elvira" had received property from "su marido Fernando Díaz", that they had several children, but after the death of two of them "Sancho y Urraca", as well as the death of her husband, the property passed to "doña Toda" who donated it, in the presence of "la propia condesa Elvira", to San Salvador de Nogal[1413].

2. ANSUR Díaz (-30 Sep 1047). "Fernando Didaz comes…Assur Diaz, Gomez Didaz" subscribed the charter dated 1036 under which Vermudo III King of León donated property[1414]. Conde [Apr/Oct] 1042.

- CASTILE & LEÓN NOBILITY (1).

3. GÓMEZ Díaz (-after 25 Aug 1057). "Fernando Didaz comes…Assur Diaz, Gomez Didaz" subscribed the charter dated 1036 under which Vermudo III King of León donated property[1415]. "…Gomez Didaz…" subscribed the charter dated 17 Feb 1039 under which Fernando I King of León donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas[1416]. "Comes…Gomez prolis Didago Fernandiz" donated property to the monastery of San Zoilo de Carrión by charter dated 15 Mar 1047[1417]. Tenente of Carrión.

- CASTILE & LEÓN NOBILITY (1).

Chapter 17. TRABA

The early generations of this family can be reconstructed from the records of the monastery of Sobrado. The only connection which is unproven is whether Rodrigo Fróilaz was the son of conde Froila González of the Menéndez family, as proposed by Sáez [1418] but which appears based only on the patronimic. The family has been studied by López Sangil, but the additional information to which he refers has not been incorporated into the present document as I have not yet had access to the primary sources which he cites[1419].

RODRIGO Fróilaz, son of [1420][conde FROILA González & his wife ] . Rodrigo Fróilaz and his descendants are set out in the records of the monastery of Sobrado[1421].

m ---. The name of Rodrigo's wife is not known.

Rodrigo & his wife had three children:

1. MENENDO Rodríguez . m ---. The name of Menendo's wife is not known. Menendo & his wife had one child:

a) SUERO Menéndez "Zapata" .

2. GONZALO Rodríguez . m ---. The name of Gonzalo's wife is not known. Gonzalo & his wife had three children:

a) FERNANDO González .

b) ELVIRA González .

c) GONZALO González .

3. FROILA Rodríguez . m ---. The name of Froila's wife is not known. Froila & his wife had four children:

a) VERMUDO Fróilaz "Manido". m ---. The name of Vermudo's wife is not known. Vermudo & his wife had two children:

i) [1422]don FROILA Vermúdez (-[1091/92]). "Petrus […Froilaz] et comes et cometessa Gunterede Ruderiquiz" donated "Nemenio", part of which belonged to "comite Froile Menindez" who left it to "suo suprino Froila Ueremudiz" who bequeathed it to "suos filios…[et] sua filia domina Uisclauara…meam germanam", to the monastery of Santo Tomé de Nemeño by charter dated 6 May 1105[1423]. m doña ELVIRA de Faro, daughter of ---. Froila & his wife had four children:

(a) don PEDRO Fróilaz de Traba (-before 3 May 1126, bur Santiago de Compostela). [The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos names "Conde D. Pedro Fernandez de Trava que pobló el castillo de Trava" as son of "El Conde D. Fernan Perez" and his wife "D. Briolanja"[1424].] Conde de Trastámara.

- TRABA.

(b) RODRIGO Fróilaz . Bishop of Mondoñedo.

(c) MUNIA Fróilaz (-after 25 Jul 1122). The Historia Compostelana names “Petrus Froylaz comes…comitissa Dña Mayor uxor…Munina Froylaz soror…Visclavara Froylaz…soror”[1425]. "…Comitissa domna Maior, comitissa domna Lupa, Munia Froilaz, Uisclauara Froilaz" subscribed the charter dated 25 Jul 1122 under which "[Uere]mundus Petri" granted arras to "uxori mee infanti domne Orrache filie comitis domni Anrrich et regine domne Tarasie"[1426]. m ---. One child:

(1) JUAN Pérez de Saz .

(d) ERMESENDA Fróilaz .

(e) VISCLAVARA Fróilaz (-after 25 Jul 1122). The Historia Compostelana names “Petrus Froylaz comes…comitissa Dña Mayor uxor…Munina Froylaz soror…Visclavara Froylaz…soror”[1427]. "Petrus […Froilaz] et comes et cometessa Gunterede Ruderiquiz" donated "Nemenio", part of which belonged to "comite Froile Menindez" who left it to "suo suprino Froila Ueremudiz" who bequeathed it to "suos filios…[et] sua filia domina Uisclauara…meam germanam", to the monastery of Santo Tomé de Nemeño by charter dated 6 May 1105[1428]. "…Comitissa domna Maior, comitissa domna Lupa, Munia Froilaz, Uisclauara Froilaz" subscribed the charter dated 25 Jul 1122 under which "[Uere]mundus Petri" granted arras to "uxori mee infanti domne Orrache filie comitis domni Anrrich et regine domne Tarasie"[1429].

ii) MAYOR Vermúdez . m GONZALO . Gonzalo & his wife had one child:

(a) URRACA González . m TESTA Fardia .

b) MARÍA Fróilaz . m DIEGO Suárez de Montanus .

c) RODRIGO Fróilaz .

d) FERNANDO Fróilaz .

Chapter 18. VELA family

Two contradictory theories have been proposed about the origin of the family named for convenience 'Vela'. The first is based on a supposed descent from the Jiménez family of the kings of Pamplona. Salazar Acha recounts[1430] the legend that a "conde Vela" was expelled by Fernán González Conde de Castilla, took refuge in León, and that his three sons were the murderers of García Sánchez Conde de Castilla after he arrived in León to marry the daughter of King Alfonso V. Salazar recalls that the story is first related in the 13th century Chronicon Mundi of Lucas de Tuy and the subsequent work of Archbishop don Rodrigo Ximénez de Rada[1431], and that this "conde Vela" may have been a literary amalgam of several historical figures. Nevertheless, as shown below, a possible family group of seven brothers and sisters (Vela Núñez being the oldest) can be reconstituted from documentary evidence from the records of the monastery of Sahagún dated from 945 onwards.

The other theory, which has found wide support[1432], is that Vela Núñez and his siblings were the children of Nuño Ordóñez, son of Ordoño I King of Asturias. This is seen by some as a more convincing explanation for the family's influence at the court of León during the second half of the 10th century, and of the royal and nobles marriages made by the daughters of the family.

There is no proof either way. To the extent that onomastics can play a part in the debate, the absence of the typically Leonese names Alfonso, Ordoño and Ramiro in the Vela family may be significant, as well as the fact that the name Vela is evidently not one which came from the royal family of León.

At a later date, the family based themselves in Galicia, where the brothers Vela and Rodrigo Ovéquiz supported the deposed García King of Galicia in a rebellion in 1087 which started in Santiago de Compostela and spread to Lugo which the rebels captured. The documentation of Lugo cathedral specifies that the father of the brothers was conde Oveco Vermúdez of Galicia.

[NUÑO] [Vélaz] . Salazar Acha suggests a hypothetical “Nuño Vélaz” as the father of the following children, assuming that his supposed oldest son Vela Núñez was named after his supposed paternal grandfather[1433]. Salazar Acha further suggests that this person may have been the same person as Munio Vélaz Conde de Álava, who is named in the dating clause of a charter of the monastery of Valpuesta dated 18 May 919 “comite Monnio Uigilazi in Alaba”[1434] (see NAVARRE NOBILITY). This hypothesis is unsupported by documentary proof but according to Salazar Acha echoes curiously a historical legend concerning the family's background which was first documented in the 13th century[1435]. From a chronological point of view, however, the hypothesis does not appear consistent with the suggested co-identity of Munio Velaz Conde de Álava with Munio Conde de Vizcaya, as the known children of the latter by his wife Velasquita de Navarra would have been many years younger than the supposed children of this “Nuño Velaz”.

[Seven] possible children. The reconstruction of the relationships of the persons shown below in square brackets is suggested by Salazar Acha, based on their names appearing in the same documentation[1436]. None of the documentation cited specifies the family relationships, but the resulting reconstruction appears convincing.

1. [VELA Núñez (-after 945). “Gundissalbo Telliz” and his wife “Lambra” donated “una serna en Pedernales” to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeña by charter dated 24 Sep 902, confirmed by “Flamula, Gutterre, Assuri, Beila Nuniz…”[1437]. "Ovecus episcopus" confirmed a donation to Sahagún by charter dated 28 Aug 945, witnessed by "Vigila Nunniz, Suarius Nunniz, Munio Nunniz, Virmudus Nunniz…"[1438]. Conde. “Comes Vela et uxor eius comitissa Todildi” founded the monastery of San Miguel de Bárcena, the document specifying that the couple had “iv filios, Vermutu Velaz, Sancio Velaz, Oveco Velaz et Xemena Velaz”[1439]. m TOTILDE, daughter of ---. “Comes Vela et uxor eius comitissa Todildi” founded the monastery of San Miguel de Bárcena, the document specifying that the couple had “iv filios, Vermutu Velaz, Sancio Velaz, Oveco Velaz et Xemena Velaz”[1440]. Vela & his wife had [six] children:

a) VERMUDO Vela (-bur San Miguel de Bárcena). “Comes Vela et uxor eius comitissa Todildi” founded the monastery of San Miguel de Bárcena, the document specifying that the couple had “iv filios, Vermutu Velaz, Sancio Velaz, Oveco Velaz et Xemena Velaz”[1441]. A document names “comites Vermuto Velaz et Froila Velaz” as founders of the monastery of San Miguel de Bárcena[1442]. He witnessed the 945 document of his presumed uncle Bishop Oveco Named below [1443].

b) [GODESTEO Vela . He witnessed the 945 document of his presumed uncle Bishop Oveco[1444].

c) SANCHO Vela. “Comes Vela et uxor eius comitissa Todildi” founded the monastery of San Miguel de Bárcena, the document specifying that the couple had “iv filios, Vermutu Velaz, Sancio Velaz, Oveco Velaz et Xemena Velaz”[1445]. m ---. The name of Sancho's wife is not known. Sancho & his wife had one child:

i) [OVECO Sánchez (-bur San Miguel de Bárcena). He confirmed a document with his presumed uncle Froila Vélaz 8 Nov 963, and was again cited in 999[1446]. A document records that “comite Oveco Sanxix” was buried in the monastery of San Miguel de Bárcena[1447], which suggests that his parentage is probably correct as shown here as the monastery was founded by his supposed paternal grandparents. m EILO, daughter of ---. A document names “condesa Eiló” as wife of conde Oveco Sánchez, adding that the couple had a niece named Leogundia to whom they granted “la heredad de Neirevalle”[1448]. Oveco & his wife had one child:

(a) ELVIRA Ovéquiz . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 24 Jul 1046 which refers to property which “comitissa domna Gelvira et…viro suo Didaco Fredenandi” inherited from “comite domno Oveco et domna Eilo”, another charter dated 19 Apr 1058 specifying that “conde Oveco Sanchez” was father of Elvira[1449]. m as his first wife, conde don DIEGO Fernández, son of don FERNANDO Flaínez & his wife Elvira Peláez (-before 1046).

d) OVECO Vela. “Comes Vela et uxor eius comitissa Todildi” founded the monastery of San Miguel de Bárcena, the document specifying that the couple had “iv filios, Vermutu Velaz, Sancio Velaz, Oveco Velaz et Xemena Velaz”[1450].

e) JIMENA Vela . “Comes Vela et uxor eius comitissa Todildi” founded the monastery of San Miguel de Bárcena, the document specifying that the couple had “iv filios, Vermutu Velaz, Sancio Velaz, Oveco Velaz et Xemena Velaz” and adding that “Xemena Velaz fuit mater comitisse Aragonti”[1451]. m ---. Salazar Acha suggests[1452], for onomastic reasons, that the husband of Jimena Vélaz was PIÑOLO Gundemáriz.

f) FROILA Vela. A document names “comites Vermuto Velaz et Froila Velaz” as founders of the monastery of San Miguel de Bárcena[1453]. He confirmed a donation of Ordoño III King of León 17 Jun 950[1454]. Conde from 1 Dec 959. Mayordomo 16 Mar 962, 19 Feb 969 and 23 Apr 978[1455]. m firstly (before 13 Mar 959) JIMENA, daughter of --- (-after 23 Jun 964). She and her husband gave property at Villaré to the church of León 13 Mar 959, received the villa of Gomá in 24 Jun 963, and are mentioned together for the last time 23 Jun 964[1456]. m secondly EILO, daughter of ---. She is named as the wife of Fruela Vela in the 18 Jul 1047 document of her granddaughter Aldonza Muñoz, wife of Piniolo Jiménez [1457]. Fruela & his first wife had [three] children:

i) [OVECO Fróilaz (-after 16 Jun 977). He confirmed the 16 Jun 977 document of Ramiro III King of León to the monastery of Sahagún[1458].]

ii) [VELA Fróilaz (-after 984). He confirmed Totadomna's 24 Sep 984 sale to the monastery of Sahagún[1459].]

iii) ELVIRA Fróilaz . Her parentage is confirmed by the 1038 donation of her daughter Sancha Muñoz to the cathedral of León, in which she refers to her [maternal] grandfather Froíla Vélaz[1460]. It is assumed that Elvira Fróilaz was the daughter of her father's first marriage because of the approximate date of her own marriage. m (before [980]) conde MUNIO Fernández de Saldaña Conde de Astorga, son of FERNANDO Díaz & his wife Mansuara Fáfilaz (-[1013/16]).

Fruela & his second wife had one child:

iv) ANDERQUINA Fróilaz . Her parents are shown in the 1047 document of her daughter Aldonza Muñoz named above[1461]. m don MUNIO Rodríguez "Canis", son of --- . 992/1020. He founded the monastery of Cartavio[1462].

2. [OVECO Núñez (-951). Bishop of León from 927. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "…Suarius Nunniz, Munius Nunniz, Nunnus Nunniz, Munius Godesteiz, Ovecco Munniz…Vermudus Nunniz…"[1463]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "……Suarius Nuniz, Munius Nunniz, Nunus Nuniz…Obeco Muniz…Vermudo Nuniz…"[1464]. "Ovecus episcopus" confirmed a donation to Sahagún by charter dated 28 Aug 945, witnessed by "Vigila Nunniz, Suarius Nunniz, Munio Nunniz, Virmudus Nunniz…"[1465].

3. [SUERO Núñez (-after 951). "Ranemirus rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 937, subscribed by "Garvisso, Suarius Nunniz, Munnio Nunniz, Virmundus Nunniz, Nunnu Nunninz, Vraulio Vrauliz"[1466]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "…Suarius Nunniz, Munius Nunniz, Nunnus Nunniz, Munius Godesteiz, Ovecco Munniz…Vermudus Nunniz…"[1467]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "……Suarius Nuniz, Munius Nunniz, Nunus Nuniz…Obeco Muniz…Vermudo Nuniz…"[1468]. "Ovecus episcopus" confirmed a donation to Sahagún by charter dated 28 Aug 945, witnessed by "Vigila Nunniz, Suarius Nunniz, Munio Nunniz, Virmudus Nunniz…"[1469]. m ---. The name of Suero's wife is not known. Suero & his wife had [one possible child]:

a) [OVECO Suárez (-after 976). He witnessed a 976 document of Fernando Ansúrez[1470]. Salazar Acha suggests that he could have been the son of Suero Núñez[1471].]

4. [MUNIO Núñez (-before 964). "Ranemirus rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 937, subscribed by "Garvisso, Suarius Nunniz, Munnio Nunniz, Virmundus Nunniz, Nunnu Nunninz, Vraulio Vrauliz"[1472]. He acted jointly with Vermudo Núñez in settling a dispute between the monastery of Valdevimbre and Gondemaro concerning an aqueduct and some mills in mid-Jun 938[1473]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "…Suarius Nunniz, Munius Nunniz, Nunnus Nunniz, Munius Godesteiz, Ovecco Munniz…Vermudus Nunniz…"[1474]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "……Suarius Nuniz, Munius Nunniz, Nunus Nuniz…Obeco Muniz…Vermudo Nuniz…"[1475]. "Ovecus episcopus" confirmed a donation to Sahagún by charter dated 28 Aug 945, witnessed by "Vigila Nunniz, Suarius Nunniz, Munio Nunniz, Virmudus Nunniz…"[1476]. He appeared with his wife in donations to the church of León in 940 and 949. m PATERNA ---, daughter of ---. Ordoño IV King of León refers to her as his "aunt" and Salazar Acha suggests that she may have been the niece of Queen Elvira Menéndez[1477]. She appears without her husband in a document of 964, which suggests he had died before then[1478]. Munio & his wife had [three] children:

a) [OVECO Muñoz (-after 970). He and his presumed brother Nuño witnessed the 945 document of Bishop Oveco Named above[1479]. He is named in the 28 Jul 955 donations of his presumed uncle Vermudo Núñez to the monastery of Sahagún [1480]. His last appearance is in 970[1481].

b) [NUÑO Muñoz (-after 945). He and his presumed brother Oveco witnessed the 945 document referred to above[1482].

c) [GUTIERRE Muñoz (-after 970). He appears in a document at Sahagún in 970 jointly with his presumed brother Oveco Muñoz[1483].

5. [VERMUDO Núñez (-[Aug or after] 955). "Ranemirus rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 937, subscribed by "Garvisso, Suarius Nunniz, Munnio Nunniz, Virmundus Nunniz, Nunnu Nunninz, Vraulio Vrauliz"[1484].

- see below.

6. [NUÑO Núñez (-after 960). "Ranemirus rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 937, subscribed by "Garvisso, Suarius Nunniz, Munnio Nunniz, Virmundus Nunniz, Nunnu Nunninz, Vraulio Vrauliz"[1485]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "…Suarius Nunniz, Munius Nunniz, Nunnus Nunniz, Munius Godesteiz, Ovecco Munniz…Vermudus Nunniz…"[1486]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "……Suarius Nuniz, Munius Nunniz, Nunus Nuniz…Obeco Muniz…Vermudo Nuniz…"[1487]. He also appears in a 960 document at León[1488].

7. [GONTRODA . She and her husband made a joint donation in 943[1489]. Salazar Acha suggests her parentage for onomastics reasons only, the names of her children recalling those of her supposed brothers[1490]. m conde ANSUR Fernández, son of conde FERNANDO Ansúrez & his wife Muniadomna --- (-after 3 Apr 945).]

VERMUDO Núñez, son of [NUÑO Vélaz & his wife ---] (-[Aug or after] 955). "Ranemirus rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 937, subscribed by "Garvisso, Suarius Nunniz, Munnio Nunniz, Virmundus Nunniz, Nunnu Nunninz, Vraulio Vrauliz"[1491]. He was one of the principal Leonese magnates of his time. He directed the resettlement of Salamanca. He is first recorded in a donation in favour of the monastery of Sahagún 10 May 921 [1492]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "…Suarius Nunniz, Munius Nunniz, Nunnus Nunniz, Munius Godesteiz, Ovecco Munniz…Vermudus Nunniz…"[1493]. "Ranimiro rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 3 Apr 945, witnessed by "……Suarius Nuniz, Munius Nunniz, Nunus Nuniz…Obeco Muniz…Vermudo Nuniz…"[1494]. Ramiro II King of León invested him with property in Valdavia in 943, and in Valle Alieri next to the river Cea 16 Mar 946 [1495]. "Ovecus episcopus" confirmed a donation to Sahagún by charter dated 28 Aug 945, witnessed by "Vigila Nunniz, Suarius Nunniz, Munio Nunniz, Virmudus Nunniz…"[1496]. "Vermudo Nunez" donated property to the monastery of Santiago de Valdavida by charter dated 13 Aug 949, confirmed by "Velasquita coniux, Fredenandi prolis, Pinioli prolis"[1497]. He witnessed a 17 Jun 950 document as "comes in Ceie", immediately after Fernando González Conde de Castilla and Diego Muñoz Conde de Saldaña[1498]. "Vermudo Nunniz" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 28 Jul 955, confirmed by "Fredinando Vermudiz, Velasquita uxor Vermundi Nunniz, Hordonius princeps, Monno Roderiz, Fortes Iustiz, Furtunio Garseani, Obeco Moniz"[1499].

m firstly ARGILO, daughter of --- (-[Mar 946/early 949]). She is named as the wife of Vermudo Núñez in the 16 Mar 946 royal grant to her husband of land next to the river Cea[1500].

m secondly ([Mar 946/Aug 949]) VELASQUITA, daughter of ---. "Vermudo Nunez" donated property to the monastery of Santiago de Valdavida by charter dated 13 Aug 949, confirmed by "Velasquita coniux, Fredenandi prolis, Pinioli prolis"[1501]. "Vermudo Nunniz" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 28 Jul 955, confirmed by "Fredinando Vermudiz, Velasquita uxor Vermundi Nunniz, Hordonius princeps, Monno Roderiz, Fortes Iustiz, Furtunio Garseani, Obeco Moniz"[1502].

Vermudo Núñez & his first wife had [eight] children:

1. FERNANDO Vermúdez (-after 9 Oct 978). "Vermudo Nunez" donated property to the monastery of Santiago de Valdavida by charter dated 13 Aug 949, confirmed by "Velasquita coniux, Fredenandi prolis, Pinioli prolis"[1503]. "Vermudo Nunniz" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 28 Jul 955, confirmed by "Fredinando Vermudiz…"[1504]. He was described in a 984 Sahagún document as having inherited property from Oveco Núñez Bishop of León. Conde from 27 Sep 960[1505]. "Giloira Ranimiri principis filia" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 4 Apr 970, confirmed by "…Fredenando Veremudiz…"[1506]. "Ranimiro rex et Gelbira reina domna" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 11 May 971, confirmed by "Ferdinando Verimudez…"[1507]. "Fernando Vermuiz et Gelvira uxor" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 30 Nov 973[1508]. Mayordomo of Ramiro III King of León 14 Mar 976[1509]. The testament of "Vela Vermudez" is dated 27 Mar 976, names "Vermudo Velaz…Argilo" as beneficiaries, confirmed by "Nunno Velaz, Fernando Vermuiz, Gilvira Didaz uxor Fernando Vermuiz, Petero Fernandiz, Gomiz Fernandiz filiis Fernando Vermuiz"[1510]. "Ranimirus rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 18 Jan 977, confirmed by "Fredenando Veremudiz …"[1511]. m (before [950]) condesa ELVIRA Díaz, daughter of conde DIEGO Muñoz de Saldaña & his wife condesa Tegridia ---. "Fernando Vermuiz et Gelvira uxor" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 30 Nov 973"[1512]. No proof has been identified that the wife of Fernando Vermúdez was the daughter of Diego Muñoz, but the onomastics are favourable and a marriage between the two equally influential Saldaña and Cea families is to be expected[1513]. The testament of "Vela Vermudez" is dated 27 Mar 976, names "Vermudo Velaz…Argilo" as beneficiaries, confirmed by "Nunno Velaz, Fernando Vermuiz, Gilvira Didaz uxor Fernando Vermuiz, Petero Fernandiz, Gomiz Fernandiz filiis Fernando Vermuiz"[1514]. She confirmed a donation to the monastery of Santa Colomba de Ripa Rubia in 975 with her husband, the document also mentioning their children and their son-in-law Flaín Muñoz [1515]. Fernando & his wife had six children:

a) PEDRO Fernández (-1028). "Fernando Vermuiz et Gelvira uxor" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 30 Nov 973, confirmed by "Petrus Fernandiz, Gomiz Fernandiz…"[1516]. The testament of "Vela Vermudez" is dated 27 Mar 976, names "Vermudo Velaz…Argilo" as beneficiaries, confirmed by "Nunno Velaz, Fernando Vermuiz, Gilvira Didaz uxor Fernando Vermuiz, Petero Fernandiz, Gomiz Fernandiz filiis Fernando Vermuiz"[1517]. He was a supporter of Ramiro III King of León, forced to flee (probably to Navarre with his sister) on the accession of King Vermudo II[1518]. Carlé[1519] suggests that the Pedro Fernández recorded in León during the reign of King Alfonso V was the son of Fernando Flaínez, and not the same person as this Pedro Fernández. Salazar Acha takes the same position, saying the two persons are "differentiated chronologically"[1520]. Torre Sevilla[1521] disagrees, pointing out the known connections with Navarre of the later Pedro Fernández. In any case, the inheritance by the widow of Pedro Fernández of all the Cea properties of their daughter Elvira appears inexplicable if this was not the same Pedro Fernández who was the son of Fernando Vermúdez. There also appears no chronological difficulty with the death in 1028 of the individual born in [950]. Conde. He was a supporter of Alfonso V King of León, one of the leaders of the partido navarro[1522]. In 1016, Alfonso V King of León gave him Castrogonzalo, Villaseca and Fuentes de Ropel, properties confiscated from Sancho García Conde de Castilla[1523]. m [his cousin], as her first husband, SANCHA Múñoz, daughter of conde MUNIO Fernández [de Saldaña] & his wife --- (bur León Cathdral). She made numerous donations to the cathedral of León, in one of which she refers to her first husband by name[1524]. She inherited all the Cea properties from her daughter and, in accordance with the last wishes of the latter, gave them 31 Aug 1038 to the monastery of San Antolin which she had founded[1525]. Pedro & his wife had one child:

i) ELVIRA Pérez (-[before 31 Aug] 1038).

b) GÓMEZ Fernández (-before 984). "Fernando Vermuiz et Gelvira uxor" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 30 Nov 973, confirmed by "Petrus Fernandiz, Gomiz Fernandiz…"[1526]. The testament of "Vela Vermudez" is dated 27 Mar 976, names "Vermudo Velaz…Argilo" as beneficiaries, confirmed by "Nunno Velaz, Fernando Vermuiz, Gilvira Didaz uxor Fernando Vermuiz, Petero Fernandiz, Gomiz Fernandiz filiis Fernando Vermuiz"[1527]. Conde. m ONECA, daughter of ---. She is named as mother of “La condesa doña Onnega” in a charter dated 29 Sep 1062 under which her daughter donated property “la heredad que posee de su madre, Onnega, y de su abuelo el conde Fernando Bermúdez…la villa de Castrillo de Tapiolas y sus viñas de Tras Kastro…herido con el hijo de la condesa” to “Gonzalo Manscónez”[1528]. Gómez & his wife had [three] children:

i) ONECA Gómez (-after 10 Nov 1062). “La condesa doña Onnega” donated property “la heredad que posee de su madre, Onnega, y de su abuelo el conde Fernando Bermúdez…la villa de Castrillo de Tapiolas y sus viñas de Tras Kastro…herido con el hijo de la condesa” to “Gonzalo Manscónez” by charter dated 29 Sep 1062[1529]. Torres and Salazar Acha suggest that in this case “abuelo [abo]” should be interpreted more broadly as “ancestor” rather than “grandfather”[1530]. However, “grandfather” appears appropriate if, as appears to be the case, Oneca´s father was Gómez Fernández. It is true that, if this is correct, Oneca would have been in her late 80s or 90s when she died. However, other members of the family of Fernando Vermúdez appear to have been long-lived, assuming that their dates of death are correctly shown in this document. "Domna Onneca" donated property “in Ecclesiasindenia” to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, for the soul of "filio meo senior Garcia Fortuniones", by charter dated 1061, confirmed by “…Rodrico Vermudo, sennor Didaco Alvarez, Ordonio Ordonioz…”[1531]. "Cometissa domna Onneca, Gomiz Fredenandiz prolis" donated property “in territorio…Borueva in villa…Ecclesiasindenia” to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, for the soul of "mi…filio Garsiano", by charter dated 10 Nov 1062, confirmed by “…sennor Nunno Alvarez, sennor Roderico Bermudez, sennor Sarracino Hanniz, sennor Didaco Alvarez, sennor Hanni Hanniz, sennor Ordoni Ordoniz, sennor Fredinando Rodriz, sennor Alvaro Rodriz, sennor Eximino Lopiz, sennor Salvator Gondissalviz, sennor Galindo Belasquiz”[1532]. Her two marriages are suggested by the charter dated 1050 under which "Senior Furtun Sancii…cum uxor mea dompna Tota" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, for the soul of "socer meus regi Garsea Ranimiriz", and names "frater meus senior Garsea Fortuniones"[1533], assuming that the latter was the same García Fortúnez who is recorded in the other charters cited above as Oneca´s son. It is not known which of Oneca´s husband was Conde as neither has yet been identified beyond their names. m [firstly/secondly] FORTÚN, son of ---. m [firstly/secondly] SANCHO, son of ---.

ii) [FERNANDO Gómez (-after 1020). Carlé suggests that the Fernando and Rodrigo Gómez who confirmed a donation of Fernando Flaínez in 1020 were sons of Gómez Fernández [1534].]

iii) [RODRIGO Gómez (-after 1020). Carlé suggests that the Fernando and Rodrigo Gómez who confirmed a donation of Fernando Flaínez in 1020 were sons of Gómez Fernández[1535].]

c) ELVIRA Fernández . She is cited in 978[1536].

d) GOTINA Fernández. Her paternity is established by a document of her daughter Fronilda Peláez which refers to the latter's maternal grandfather[1537]. m PELAYO Rodríguez, son of ---.

e) JIMENA Fernández (-after 1035). “Garssia Santionis rex, Eximinia regina…” confirmed the charter dated 15 Feb 991 under which "Santio Garsseanis rex…cum coniux mea Urraca regina" donated property to the monastery of Leire[1538]. "Sancio rex…cum…subole Urraca regina et vina prole Garsea et coniux eius Eximina et Gundessalvo" donated property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla by charter dated 992[1539]. "Garsea rex et uxor mea Eximina, cum domna Urracha regina" donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Siresa by charter dated to [995/1004][1540]. Her parentage is suggested by the charter dated 15 Oct 1071 under which her great grandson Alfonso VI King of Castile donated "uilla…Cento Fontes qui fuit de abio meo comes Fredenando Ueremudiz…in ripa de Estola…et monasterio de Cisterna" to "soror mea domina Urracca prolis Fredenandiz"[1541]. “Garsea Sancioni rex…cum coniux mea Eximina” donated property to the monastery of Leire by charter dated 31 Dec [997][1542]. "Sancius…rex" recommended the rule of St Benedict to the monastery of Leire by charter dated 21 Oct 1022, subscribed by "Eximina regina mater regis, Regina domna Muma, Garsia et Ranimirus, Gundesalbus et Fernandus"[1543]. "Domna Eximina regina, mater Sancioni regis" bought property from "senior Oveco Didaz" by charter dated 1028[1544]. "Scemena regina…et filia mea Urraca regina et xristi ancillas" donated property "in territorio Coza super castrum de Muza inter duos rivulos Karrione et Aratoi" to Santiago de Compostela, naming "genitores nostri Fredenandus Ueremudiz et dna. Geluira", by charter dated 26 Sep 1028, subscribed by "Scemena Regina, Urraca regina, Veremudus rex, Scemena regina…"[1545]. m (before 981) GARCÍA Sánchez de Navarra, son of SANCHO II Garcés Abarca King of Navarre, Conde de Aragón & his wife Urraca de Castilla ([964]-after 8 Dec 999). He succeeded his father 994 as GARCÍA IV Sánchez King of Navarre, Conde de Aragón.

f) JUSTA Fernández (before [955]-). m (before 975) as his first wife, conde FLAÍN Muñoz, son of --- (-998/1002). He is named in his mother-in-law's document of 975[1546].

2. PIÑOLO Vermúdez . "Vermudo Nunez" donated property to the monastery of Santiago de Valdavida by charter dated 13 Aug 949, confirmed by "Velasquita coniux, Fredenandi prolis, Pinioli prolis"[1547].

3. JIMENA Vermúdez . "Vermudo Nunez" donated property to the monastery of Santiago de Valdavida by charter dated 13 Aug 949, confirmed by "Velasquita coniux, Fredenandi prolis, Pinioli prolis", witnessed by "…Scemena prolis…"[1548].

4. FROILOBA Vermúdez. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 8 Jul 985 under which her daughter "Scemena" donated property to Sahagún, confirmed by "Gundisalbo filiis Scemena", and which names "Munnio Flaginiz genitor Scemenæ, Froiloba genitrix Scimenæ…Virmudo Nunniz abo Scemenæ"[1549]. "Monnio Flainz et uxor Froileuve" bought property "in valle de Laurenzo" by charter dated 29 Dec 947[1550]. m (before 13 Aug 947) conde MUNIO Flaínez, son of FLAÍN Díaz & his wife --- (-962 before Jun).

5. VELA Vermúdez (-after 27 Mar 976). The testament of "Vela Vermudez" is dated 27 Mar 976, names "Vermudo Velaz…Argilo" as beneficiaries, confirmed by "Nunno Velaz, Fernando Vermuiz, Gilvira Didaz uxor Fernando Vermuiz, Petero Fernandiz, Gomiz Fernandiz filiis Fernando Vermuiz"[1551]. His children also have obviously family names[1552]. m ---. The name of Vela's wife is not known. Vela & his wife had three children:

a) NUÑO Vélaz . The testament of "Vela Vermudez" is dated 27 Mar 976, names "Vermudo Velaz…Argilo" as beneficiaries, confirmed by "Nunno Velaz, Fernando Vermuiz, Gilvira Didaz uxor Fernando Vermuiz, Petero Fernandiz, Gomiz Fernandiz filiis Fernando Vermuiz"[1553].

b) VERMUDO Vélaz (-before 26 Jan 1027, bur Lugo). The testament of "Vela Vermudez" is dated 27 Mar 976, names "Vermudo Velaz…Argilo" as beneficiaries, confirmed by "Nunno Velaz, Fernando Vermuiz, Gilvira Didaz uxor Fernando Vermuiz, Petero Fernandiz, Gomiz Fernandiz filiis Fernando Vermuiz"[1554].

- see below.

c) ARGILO Vélaz. The testament of "Vela Vermudez" is dated 27 Mar 976, names "Vermudo Velaz…Argilo" as beneficiaries, confirmed by "Nunno Velaz, Fernando Vermuiz, Gilvira Didaz uxor Fernando Vermuiz, Petero Fernandiz, Gomiz Fernandiz filiis Fernando Vermuiz"[1555].

6. [ÁLVARO Vermúdez . "Fredenando Assuriz et uxor Tota" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 25 Aug 976, confirmed by "…Albar Virmundiz, Obeco Virmundiz…"[1556].]

7. [OVECO Vermúdez . "Fredenando Assuriz et uxor Tota" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 25 Aug 976, confirmed by "…Albar Virmundiz, Obeco Virmundiz…"[1557].]

8. [GONZALO Vermúdez. Possible son of Vermudo Núñez, according to Álvarez Palenzuela[1558]. Gonzalo is not named in the documents quoted in this section which name the other children of Vermudo Núñez. Tenente in Luna. He rebelled in 989 to protect the rights of Queen Velazquita who was his wife's sister, following her repudiation. He took part in one of the most successful rebellions, with Munio Fernández and Pelayo Rodríguez, which succeeded in expelling King Vermudo II from León between Nov 991 and Sep 992[1559].] m ILDONZA Ramírez, daughter of RAMIRO Menéndez & his wife Adosinda Gutiérrez. Gonzalo & his wife had one child:

a) MUNIADOMNA González. A charter of Sahagún dated 1036 records that "Comes Domno Garsea […Gomiz] et mater eius" [referring back to "Domna Mumadona comitissa"] donated property to Sahagún monastery by way of "dotis ad uxore sua Domna Mumadona"[1560]. m (before 986) conde GARCÍA Gómez, Conde de Saldaña y Liébana, son of conde GÓMEZ Díaz & his wife Muniadomna Fernández (-after 1017). He supported the rebellion of Gonzalo Vermúdez, his supposed father-in-law married to the sister of Queen Velasquita, and in 993 succeeded in temporarily expelling King Vermudo from León[1561].

VERMUDO Vélaz, son of VELA Vermúdez & his wife --- (-before 26 Jan 1027, bur Lugo). The testament of "Vela Vermudez" is dated 27 Mar 976, names "Vermudo Velaz…Argilo" as beneficiaries, confirmed by "Nunno Velaz, Fernando Vermuiz, Gilvira Didaz uxor Fernando Vermuiz, Petero Fernandiz, Gomiz Fernandiz filiis Fernando Vermuiz"[1562]. He confirmed a donation of King Vermudo II in 992, and various donations of King Alfonso V in 998, 1000, 1012 and 1017. He was named as Conde in another donation 29 Oct 1024, when he was at Tuy in Galicia.

m ELVIRA Pinioliz, daughter of PIÑOLO Gundemáriz & his wife [Jimena Vélaz] (-after 1034). “La condesa Elvira Pinioliz” donated the villa of Gomean to the church of Lugo, for the soul of her husband “conde Vermudo Velaz” buried in the monastery, by charter dated 26 Jan 1027[1563]. The same donation was ratified by another charter dated 1034 which is confirmed by “Geloira Christi ancilla prolis Pinioli, Ovecus comes prolis Veremundi, Pelagio Veremundi, Adosinda Veremundi, Gugina Deo vota Christi ancilla, Mansuara Veremundi”[1564]. In another document dated 1034, she mentions Adosinda, Gotina and Mansuara Vermúdez presumed to be her daughters [1565].

Conde Vermudo Vélaz & his wife had [four] children:

1. [VELA Vermúdez (-after 1045). Salazar Acha suggests that he was the oldest son of Vermudo Vela, not named in his mother's 1034 document, but named as the owner of properties around the river Curonio between 1016 and 1045 [1566].]

- see below.

2. OVECO Vermúdez (-1042 or after). A charter dated 1034, ratifying the donation by his mother for the soul of her husband, is confirmed by “Geloira Christi ancilla prolis Pinioli, Ovecus comes prolis Veremundi, Pelagio Veremundi, Adosinda Veremundi, Gugina Deo vota Christi ancilla, Mansuara Veremundi”[1567]. He originated in Galicia. Conde. 1034/1042.

- see below.

3. PELAYO Vermúdez . A charter dated 1034, ratifying the donation by his mother for the soul of her husband, is confirmed by “Geloira Christi ancilla prolis Pinioli, Ovecus comes prolis Veremundi, Pelagio Veremundi, Adosinda Veremundi, Gugina Deo vota Christi ancilla, Mansuara Veremundi”[1568].

4. ADOSINDA Vermúdez . A charter dated 1034, ratifying the donation by his mother for the soul of her husband, is confirmed by “Geloira Christi ancilla prolis Pinioli, Ovecus comes prolis Veremundi, Pelagio Veremundi, Adosinda Veremundi, Gugina Deo vota Christi ancilla, Mansuara Veremundi”[1569].

5. GOTINA Vermúdez . A charter dated 1034, ratifying the donation by his mother for the soul of her husband, is confirmed by “Geloira Christi ancilla prolis Pinioli, Ovecus comes prolis Veremundi, Pelagio Veremundi, Adosinda Veremundi, Gugina Deo vota Christi ancilla, Mansuara Veremundi”[1570].

6. MANSUARA Vermúdez . A charter dated 1034, ratifying the donation by his mother for the soul of her husband, is confirmed by “Geloira Christi ancilla prolis Pinioli, Ovecus comes prolis Veremundi, Pelagio Veremundi, Adosinda Veremundi, Gugina Deo vota Christi ancilla, Mansuara Veremundi”[1571].

VELA Vermúdez (-after 1045). Salazar Acha suggests that he was Vela Vermúdez, son of Vermudo Vela & his wife Elvira Pinioliz, not named in his mother's 1034 document, but named as the owner of properties around the river Curonio between 1016 and 1045[1572].

m GOTINA, daughter of ---. She is named in donations with her husband[1573].

Vela & his wife had one child:

1. VERMUDO Vélaz . 1044/59[1574]. m ELVIRA, daughter of ---. It is possible that she was related to Mayor, first wife of Ansur Díaz, see the document CASTILE NOBILITY (1), who passed a part of "Villa Abduz" to her son Pedro Ansúrez, as the same property is referred to in donations by Elvira´s two children. Vermudo & his wife had one child:

a) VELA Vermúdez (-after 25 Jan 1095). 1083/95[1575]. "Vela Bermuiz y su hijo Bermudo" sold property to "Flain Pelaiz y a su mujer doña Gotina Bermuiz…y a Bermudo Flainz hijo de los mismos" by charter dated 1 Feb 1083[1576]. "Vela Bermuiz y su hijo Bermudo Velaz" donated property in "Villa Gaton en el alfoz de Saldaña…en el alfoz de Zea la villa…Lebrini y…Fonte Panera" to "su hija y hermana Sancia Velaz" by charter dated 25 Jan 1085[1577]. "Vela Bermudiz" donated property in "Villa Flaian y de lo que compró en Quintana a uno de sus hijos…" to Sahagun by charter dated 1 Feb 1091[1578]. "Vela Bermuiz y su hijo Bermudo Velaz" donated property in "la villa…Gordaliza" to "Félix Bermuiz…por poblar" by charter dated 3 Feb 1091[1579]. "Bermudo Velaz…con su padre Vela Bermuiz" donated property "junto al Araduey en…Gordaliza" to "Sancho Pascaliz y a su mujer Sancha Velaz" by charter dated 22 Mar 1091[1580]. "Vela Bermuiz y su hijo Bermudo Velaiz" donated property "en Villa Abduz en el rio Araduey" to Sahagún by charter dated 11 Mar 1092[1581]. "Vela Bermuiz y su hijo Bermudo Velaz" donated "Villa Gaton el el alfoz de Saldaña, de Villa Lebrin en el alfoz de Cea, y de Villanueva en el de Boniar" to "la hermana de éste Sancha" by charter dated 25 Jan 1095[1582]. m ---. The name of Vela's wife is not known. Vela & his wife had two children:

i) VERMUDO Vélaz (-after 25 Jan 1095). "Vela Bermuiz y su hijo Bermudo" sold property to "Flain Pelaiz y a su mujer doña Gotina Bermuiz…y a Bermudo Flainz hijo de los mismos" by charter dated 1 Feb 1083[1583]. "Vela Bermuiz y su hijo Bermudo Velaz" donated property in "Villa Gaton en el alfoz de Saldaña…en el alfoz de Zea la villa…Lebrini y…Fonte Panera" to "su hija y hermana Sancia Velaz" by charter dated 25 Jan 1085[1584]. "Vela Bermuiz y su hijo Bermudo Velaz" donated property in "la villa…Gordaliza" to "Félix Bermuiz…por poblar" by charter dated 3 Feb 1091[1585]. "Bermudo Velaz…con su padre Vela Bermuiz" donated property "junto al Araduey en…Gordaliza" to "Sancho Pascaliz y a su mujer Sancha Velaz" by charter dated 22 Mar 1091[1586]. "Vela Bermuiz y su hijo Bermudo Velaiz" donated property "en Villa Abduz en el rio Araduey" to Sahagún by charter dated 11 Mar 1092[1587]. "Vela Bermuiz y su hijo Bermudo Velaz" donated "Villa Gaton el el alfoz de Saldaña, de Villa Lebrin en el alfoz de Cea, y de Villanueva en el de Boniar" to "la hermana de éste Sancha" by charter dated 25 Jan 1095[1588].

ii) SANCHA Vélaz (-after 25 Jan 1095). "Vela Bermuiz y su hijo Bermudo Velaz" donated property in "Villa Gaton en el alfoz de Saldaña…en el alfoz de Zea la villa…Lebrini y…Fonte Panera" to "su hija y hermana Sancia Velaz" by charter dated 25 Jan 1085[1589]. "Bermudo Velaz…con su padre Vela Bermuiz" donated property "junto al Araduey en…Gordaliza" to "Sancho Pascaliz y a su mujer Sancha Velaz" by charter dated 22 Mar 1091[1590]. "Sancho Pascualiz y su mujer Sancha Velaz" mutually exchanged properties by charter dated 29 Aug 1091[1591]. "Vela Bermuiz y su hijo Bermudo Velaz" donated "Villa Gaton el el alfoz de Saldaña, de Villa Lebrin en el alfoz de Cea, y de Villanueva en el de Boniar" to "la hermana de éste Sancha" by charter dated 25 Jan 1095[1592]. m (before 22 Mar 1091) SANCHO Pascuáliz, son of ---.

b) GOTINA Vermúdez (-after 1 Apr 1091). "Vela Bermuiz y su hijo Bermudo" sold property to "Flain Pelaiz y a su mujer doña Gotina Bermuiz…y a Bermudo Flainz hijo de los mismos" by charter dated 1 Feb 1083[1593]. "Gotina Bermutiz" donated property in "Villa Abduz en la ribera del Araduey", received as arras from "su marido Pedro Nuñez", to Sahagun by charter dated 17 Oct 1086[1594]. "Gotina Bermuiz" donated her share "en Villa Abduz, en Santa María de Curonio" to Sahagun by charter dated 1 Apr 1091[1595]. m firstly PEDRO Núñez, son of [NUÑO Ermeldiz & his wife Teresa García] (-after 1051). m secondly FLAÍN Peláez, son of PELAYO Fernández & his wife --- (-after 1 Feb 1083).

1. RODRIGO Velaz (-after 1 Mar 1028). Conde. "…Rudericus Uelaz comes…" subscribed the charter dated 1 Mar 1028 under which "Tarasia proles Ueremudi principis et xristi ancilla" donated property in León to Santiago de Compostela, for the soul of "genitricis mee dive memorie dne. Giloire regine"[1596].

OVECO Vermúdez, son of VERMUDO Vela & his wife ELVIRA Pinioliz (-1042 or after). A charter dated 1034, ratifying the donation by his mother for the soul of her husband, is confirmed by “Geloira Christi ancilla prolis Pinioli, Ovecus comes prolis Veremundi, Pelagio Veremundi, Adosinda Veremundi, Gugina Deo vota Christi ancilla, Mansuara Veremundi”[1597]. He originated in Galicia. Conde. He was Named as dux in a 1042 document at Lugo[1598].

m ELVIRA Suárez, daughter of SUERO Gundemáriz & his wife Teodegonzia [Gotina] ---. Her parents are identified from a document of 1016 which names the couple in relation to property at Villa Manilani, a place also named in 1090 in a donation by her grandson Rodrigo Ovéquiz[1599]. In a donation to Lugo Cathedral she mentions her "auus" conde Rodrigo Románez, possibly either grandfather or tutor[1600]. She is named as the mother of don Rodrigo Ovéquiz in 1090[1601].

Oveco & his wife had four children:

1. don VERMUDO Ovéquiz (-after 1092). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 26 Mar 1075 in which “Vermudo Ovéquiz y su hermano el conde Vela Ovéquiz” claimed the monastery of San Salvador de Tol by right of “aviæ suæ domine Geloire Pinioliz”[1602].

- PONCE de LEÓN.

2. don VELA Ovéquiz (-[killed in battle Zalaca 23 Oct 1086][1603]). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 26 Mar 1075 in which “Vermudo Ovéquiz y su hermano el conde Vela Ovéquiz” claimed the monastery of San Salvador de Tol by right of “aviæ suæ domine Geloire Pinioliz”[1604].

- SARRIA.

3. don RODRIGO Ovéquiz (-after 1089). A charter dated 1082 names “duo comites magni: Vela Ovequiz et Ruderico Ovequiz cum Aldoncia et Tota uxores forum et cum sorore sua comitissa Oneca Ovequiz…de patre nostro comes Oveco Vermudez”[1605]. Conde from 1063. He rebelled against Alfonso VI King of Castile in 1088 with his mother [1606]. m doña TODA, daughter of ---. A charter dated 1082 names “duo comites magni: Vela Ovequiz et Ruderico Ovequiz cum Aldoncia et Tota uxores forum et cum sorore sua comitissa Oneca Ovequiz…de patre nostro comes Oveco Vermudez”[1607].

4. doña ONECA Ovéquiz (-after 1082). A charter dated 1082 names “duo comites magni: Vela Ovequiz et Ruderico Ovequiz cum Aldoncia et Tota uxores forum et cum sorore sua comitissa Oneca Ovequiz…de patre nostro comes Oveco Vermudez”[1608]. “Comitissa domna Oneca” donated property to Lugo “pro filiis suis Veremundo et Vela Sanchez”[1609]. The identity of her husband is confirmed further by a charter dated 23 Feb 1074 which names “Santius comes proles Ordonii, Vela proles Sancii”[1610]. m conde don SANCHO Ordóñez, son of ORDOÑO Vermúdez [de León] & his wife Fronilde Peláez (-[1077/82]).

Chapter 19. OTHER EARLY MEDIEVAL SPANISH NOBLE FAMILIES

1. AZNAR Purcélliz (-after 18 Jan 977). Maior domus 23 Jun 970, 1 May 974 and 18 Jan 977. m URRACA, daughter of ---.

1. PEDRO . m GOTINA, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 30 Aug [990] under which her son "Comes dominus Pelagius, Petri filius et comitisse domine Gotine…cum uxore mea Aragoti et filiis meis" donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Soandres[1611]. Pedro & his wife had one child:

a) PELAYO Pérez (-after 3 Aug [990]). Conde. "Comes dominus Pelagius, Petri filius et comitisse domine Gotine…cum uxore mea Aragoti et filiis meis" donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Soandres by charter dated 30 Aug [990][1612]. m ARAGOTI, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 30 Aug [990] under which "Comes dominus Pelagius, Petri filius et comitisse domine Gotine…cum uxore mea Aragoti et filiis meis" donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Soandres[1613].

1. SUERO Gundemáriz (-before 991). Conde. He confirmed the 27 Nov 986 donation of Ablavel Godestéiz to the monastery of Sahagún[1614]. He rebelled against Vermudo II King of León. m GOTINA Jiménez, daughter of conde JIMENO Díaz & his wife Adosinda Gutiérrez. She is cited as a widow in a document dated 991[1615]. "Comitissa domna Gonzina" donated "ecclesia…Sancti Martini episcopi" to "mihi…confratris Valasco Scemeniz" by charter dated 23 Jan 994[1616].

2. PIÑOLO Gundemáriz . He was at the court of León between 954 and 962. "Fortunius Garseani" donated property to the monastery of Sahagún by charter dated 20 Jan 962, confirmed by "…Piniolus Gundemari…"[1617]. m ---. Salazar Acha suggests[1618], for onomastic reasons, that the wife of Piniolo Gundemáriz was JIMENA Vélaz, daughter of VELA Nuñez & his wife Totilde ---. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter under which “Comes Vela et uxor eius comitissa Todildi” founded the monastery of San Miguel de Bárcena, the document specifying that the couple had “iv filios, Vermutu Velaz, Sancio Velaz, Oveco Velaz et Xemena Velaz” and adding that “Xemena Velaz fuit mater comitisse Aragonti”[1619]. Piniolo & his wife had [seven] children:

a) GUNDEMARO Pinioliz (-before 1012). Armiger 976. Conde de Asturias 996.

b) ELVIRA Pinioliz (-after 1034). m VERMUDO Vélaz, son of VELA Vermúdez & his wife --- (-before 26 Jan 1027, bur Lugo).

c) [NUÑO Pinioliz (-[1000]).]

d) [OVECO Pinioliz .]

e) [ARAGONTA [Pinioliz] . Her maternal ancestry is confirmed by charter recording that “Comes Vela et uxor eius comitissa Todildi” founded the monastery of San Miguel de Bárcena, the document specifying that the couple had “iv filios, Vermutu Velaz, Sancio Velaz, Oveco Velaz et Xemena Velaz” and adding that “Xemena Velaz fuit mater comitisse Aragonti” who was mother of “comes Piniolus”[1620]. Her paternal ancestry is suggested by her naming her son Piñolo. m JIMENO Jiménez, son of [JIMENO Díaz & Aragonta Gutiérrez].]

f) [AURIA Pinioliz . “El conde Piñolo y la condesa Aldonza” bought property “la mitad de Veiga de Meredo” from “Auria Pinioliz” by charter dated 1026[1621]. “Piniolus Ximenez comes et coniux mea comitisa Ildoncia Munionis” founded the monastery of San Juan de Corias, including the donation of property “...in Navego illa villa de Palacio quæ fuit de sororibus nostris Auria et Munia”, by charter dated 1044[1622].]

g) [MUNIA Pinioliz . “Piniolus Ximenez comes et coniux mea comitisa Ildoncia Munionis” founded the monastery of San Juan de Corias, including the donation of property “...in Navego illa villa de Palacio quæ fuit de sororibus nostris Auria et Munia”, by charter dated 1044[1623].]

The following four family groups are connected to each other.

1. VIMARA Fróilaz . "Adefonsus rex" donated property to Sahagún by charter dated 28 Apr 909, subscribed by "Vimara Froilani, Garsea, Ordonius, Gundisalvus, Froila, Ranimirus, Dunninus"[1624]. “…Vimara Froilani comes et ts…” confirmed the charter dated 26 Sep 942 under which Bishop Rosendo donated property to Celanova[1625].

2. FROILA Vimárez (-after 21 Dec 1002). There is no proof that Froila Vimáraz was related to the preceding Vimara Fróilaz but the combination of names suggests that this might be the case. It appears that he would have been the right age to have been Vimara's grandson. Alférez 26 Jul 988, 24 Jun 989, 25 Jun 990, 26 Nov 991 and 2 Sep 992[1626]. “Froila Vimaraz armiger regis” confirmed donations to the monastery of Sahagún dated 8 Jul 985 and 24 Jun 989[1627]. m ADOSINDA, daughter of ---. Froila & his wife had one child:

a) MARINA Fróilaz . m conde RODRIGO Díaz, son of ---.

1. RODRIGO Díaz . Conde. He confirmed a donation to the monastery of Sahagún dated 8 Jul 985[1628]. m MARINA Fróilaz, daughter of FROILA Vimárez & his wife Adosinda ---. Rodrigo & his wife had one child:

a) ADOSINDA Rodríguez . m GARCÍA Ovéquiz, son of OVECO --- & his wife Gotina García.

1. OVECO ---, son of ---. m GOTINA García, daughter of ---. Oveco & his wife had one child:

a) GARCÍA Ovéquiz . m ADOSINDA Rodríguez, daughter of RODRIGO Díaz & his wife Marina Fróilaz. García & his wife had one child:

i) ENDERQUINA García . She names her parents and grandparents in a document of the Cathedral of Oviedo[1629]. m MARTÍN Vermúdez, son of VERMUDO Armentáriz & his wife Pelaya [Ordóñez de León].

1. VERMUDO Armentáriz, son of --- . m PELAYA [Ordóñez, daughter of ORDOÑO Ramírez de León & his wife Cristina Vermúdez de León]. Vermudo & his wife had one child:

a) MARTÍN Vermúdez . m ENDERQUINA García, daughter of GARCÍA Ovéquiz & his wife Adosinda Rodrígez.

1. GUTIERRE Núñez . Conde. m GONTRODO, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1 Jan 1056 under which her granddaughter "Tarasia Oueconi comitis filia" sold property "in villas…Bretabiello et Fonte Auria…in territorio [Cu]uellas et Alua", inherited from "parentibus meis Oueco Fernandiz et Domna Onnega et de aborum meorum comite Guterre Nunniz et domina Gonterodo", to Miro Bishop of Palencia[1630]. Gutierre & his wife had one child:

a) ONECA Gutiérrez . Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1 Jan 1056 under which her daughter "Tarasia Oueconi comitis filia" sold property "in villas…Bretabiello et Fonte Auria…in territorio [Cu]uellas et Alua", inherited from "parentibus meis Oueco Fernandiz et Domna Onnega et de aborum meorum comite Guterre Nunniz et domina Gonterodo", to Miro Bishop of Palencia[1631]. m OVECO Fernández, son of FERNANDO --- & his wife ---.

[Two probable sisters. It appears likely, from the charter quoted below, that their family founded San Martín de Escalada.]:

1. MUNIADOMNA (-after 1 Jul 1047). "Salvator Gundisalviz cum coniuge mea Moma Donna" donated property to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeñas by charter dated 1 Jul 1047[1632]. m SALVADOR González, son of GONZALO García & his wife --- (-after 1053).

2. [TIDO . "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", and "doña Tido" for "mis fijos Diego Gonzalez e Martin Gonzalez, que de Gonzalo Perez mi marido ove", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[1633]. It is likely that Tido was the maternal aunt of Gonzalo Salvadórez, both parties participating in the charter as representatives of his mother´s family.] m GONZALO Pérez, son of ---. Gonzalo & his wife had two children:

a) DIEGO González . "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", and "doña Tido" for "mis fijos Diego Gonzalez e Martin Gonzalez, que de Gonzalo Perez mi marido ove", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[1634].

b) MARTÍN González . "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", and "doña Tido" for "mis fijos Diego Gonzalez e Martin Gonzalez, que de Gonzalo Perez mi marido ove", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[1635].

1. LOPE López . "…Lope Lopez, Garci Lopez, Elvira Lopez, Laubla Lopez, Sancha Lopez…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[1636]. It is likely that all five subscribers with the patronymic "López" were related to Gonzalo Salvadórez.

2. GARCÍA López . "…Lope Lopez, Garci Lopez, Elvira Lopez, Laubla Lopez, Sancha Lopez…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[1637]. It is likely that all five subscribers with the patronymic "López" were related to Gonzalo Salvadórez.

3. ELVIRA López . "…Lope Lopez, Garci Lopez, Elvira Lopez, Laubla Lopez, Sancha Lopez…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[1638]. It is likely that all five subscribers with the patronymic "López" were related to Gonzalo Salvadórez.

4. LAUBLA López . "…Lope Lopez, Garci Lopez, Elvira Lopez, Laubla Lopez, Sancha Lopez…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[1639]. It is likely that all five subscribers with the patronymic "López" were related to Gonzalo Salvadórez.

5. SANCHA López . "…Lope Lopez, Garci Lopez, Elvira Lopez, Laubla Lopez, Sancha Lopez…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Gonzalo Salvador…con mi tia doña Tido", for "mis fijos Garci Gonzalez e Gusto Gonzalez, e…mis fijas doña Godo e doña Todo e doña Mayor, que me dexó doña Elvira su madre", confirmed the possessions of San Martín de Escalada by undated charter[1640]. It is likely that all five subscribers with the patronymic "López" were related to Gonzalo Salvadórez.

1. OVECO Fernández . m ONECA Gutiérrez, daughter of Conde GUTIERRE Núñez & his wife Gontrodo ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1 Jan 1056 under which her daughter "Tarasia Oueconi comitis filia" sold property "in villas…Bretabiello et Fonte Auria…in territorio [Cu]uellas et Alua", inherited from "parentibus meis Oueco Fernandiz et Domna Onnega et de aborum meorum comite Guterre Nunniz et domina Gonterodo", to Miro Bishop of Palencia[1641]. Oveco & his wife had one child:

a) TERESA Ovéquiz (-after 1 Jan 1056). "Tarasia Oueconi comitis filia" sold property "in villas…Bretabiello et Fonte Auria…in territorio [Cu]uellas et Alua", inherited from "parentibus meis Oueco Fernandiz et Domna Onnega et de aborum meorum comite Guterre Nunniz et domina Gonterodo", to Miro Bishop of Palencia by charter dated 1 Jan 1056[1642]. m --- Conde, son of ---.

1. PELAYO Rodríguez, son of ---. m GOTINA Fernández, daughter of conde FERNANDO Vermúdez [de Cea] & his wife condesa Elvira Díaz. She is named in the charter dated [13 Nov 1028] under which "Comite Fredelando Pelaioz…cum coniuge mea Gelvira et mater mea donna Gutina" confirmed a donation of property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla[1643]. Pelayo & his wife had three children:

a) FRONILDA Peláez. m ORDOÑO Vermúdez, illegitimate son of VERMUDO II " el Gotoso" King of León & his mistress --- (-after 18 Sep 1042).

b) FERNANDO Peláez . He refused to marry the daughter of conde Munio Rodríguez, and eloped with his future wife contrary to the wishes of Alfonso V King of León who confiscated his property[1644]. "Comite Fredelando Pelaioz…cum coniuge mea Gelvira et mater mea donna Gutina" confirmed a donation of property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, with the consent of "neptus mei Fernando Fredinandiz", by charter dated [13 Nov 1028], signed by "…sennor Fortun Sanchez, sennor Azenari Sanchiz, sennor Nunnu Alvarez, sennor Sancio Fortuniones…"[1645]. m as her first husband, ELVIRA Sánchez, daughter of conde SANCHO Gómez de Saldaña & his wife Toda García de Castilla .

c) ELVIRA Peláez . "La condesa doña Elvira y su marido el conde Fernando Flainz" a monastery "in territorio Saliame…in Oselia…Santa Maria" to Sahagún by charter dated 27 Apr 1028[1646]. Her parentage is suggested by the charter dated [13 Nov 1028] under which "Comite Fredelando Pelaioz…cum coniuge mea Gelvira et mater mea donna Gutina" confirmed a donation of property to the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, with the consent of her son "neptus mei Fernando Fredinandiz"[1647]. m conde FERNANDO Flaínez, son of FLAÍN Muñoz & his first wife Justa Fernández (-after 1054).

1. GONZALO Muñoz . m ---. The name of Gonzalo´s wife is not known. Gonzalo & his wife had three children:

a) ALFONSO González (-after 11 May 1094). Conde. "La condesa Ildonza Gonzalviz…con su hermano el conde Alfonso" donated two thirds of "Sancta Euuenia" to "Elvira Fernandiz hija de su hermana la condesa doña María", in exchange for "Couelas en la ribera del Duero, de Ysorno, Villa Velasco y San Roman de illa Cuba", by charter dated 11 May 1094[1648].

b) ILDONZA González (-after 4 Jun 1097). "El conde Alfonso Muñoz y su mujer la condesa doña Ildonza" donated property in "Villacorta, cerca de Cea, en Melgar…" to "Fernando Nuñez" by charter dated 11 Sep 1054[1649]. "La condesa Ildonza, hija de Gonzalvo Munniz" donated property in "Valle Leuanego, en Boadilla cerca de Rioseco y en Santa Cruz del Araduey" to Sahagún, for the soul of "filia mea Goto prolis Adefonso comitis et mee", by charter dated 1 May 1071[1650]. "La condesa doña Ildonza prolis Gonzaluizi" granted property to "Belliti Vitaz y a su mujer doña Goto…para que pueblen en su heredad" by charter dated 29 Mar 1092[1651]. "La condesa Ildonza Gonzalviz…con su hermano el conde Alfonso" donated two thirds of "Sancta Euuenia" to "Elvira Fernandiz hija de su hermana la condesa doña María", in exchange for "Couelas en la ribera del Duero, de Ysorno, Villa Velasco y San Roman de illa Cuba", by charter dated 11 May 1094[1652]. "La condesa doña Ildonza" donated "el monasterio de San Pedro in villa de Trikeros…de Canalellias…el monasterio de Cipriano, la mitad de la villa de Petrosa" to Sahagun by charter dated 29 Nov 1094[1653]. "La condesa doña Ildonza" donated property "en la villa de Gordaliza" to "Hugo clérigo" by charter dated 27 Feb 1095[1654]. "La condesa doña Ildonza Gundisalviz" donated property "en la villa de Gordaliza" to "Miguel Cristóbaiz" by charter dated 27 Apr 1095[1655]. "La condesa doña Ildonza" donated property "en la tierra de Trigueros en la villa…Quintanilla" to "Pelayo Faildiz" by charter dated 28 Apr 1095[1656]. "La condesa doña Ildonza" donated property "en Villa Velasco cerca del rio Araduey…[y] en Cisneros" to Sahagun by charter dated 4 Jun 1097[1657]. m ALFONSO Muñoz, son of MUÑO Alfonso & his first wife Goto Fernández (-after 1059).

c) MARÍA González (-before 11 May 1094). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 11 May 1094 under which "La condesa Ildonza Gonzalviz…con su hermano el conde Alfonso" donated two thirds of "Sancta Euuenia" to "Elvira Fernandiz hija de su hermana la condesa doña María", in exchange for "Couelas en la ribera del Duero, de Ysorno, Villa Velasco y San Roman de illa Cuba"[1658]. m FERNANDO Vermúdez, son of VERMUDO Ordóñez & his wife Sancha Eriz.

1. NUÑO Ermeldiz [Hermenegíldez/Menéndez?] (-after 28 Dec 1068). Conde. "Oriolo Garcia…cum cognatum meum Nunno Ermegildiz et uxor sua soror mea Taresa" donated property in "la villa de Galleguillos territorio de Melgar" to "Domingo Elaz" by charter dated 28 Dec 1068[1659]. m TERESA García, daughter of --- (-after 28 Dec 1068). "Oriolo Garcia…cum cognatum meum Nunno Ermegildiz et uxor sua soror mea Taresa" donated property in "la villa de Galleguillos territorio de Melgar" to "Domingo Elaz" by charter dated 28 Dec 1068[1660]. ["La condesa doña Teresa" donated property in "Villa Ramele…monasterio" to "Ariulfo presbítero" by charter dated 23 May 1087[1661].] Nuño & his wife had two children:

a) PEDRO Nuñez (-after 1051). "Petrus prolis Nunno Ermejldiz comitis" donated property in Arroyo, Bellosillo and Moratinos to Sahagún monastery by charter dated 1051[1662]. [m GOTINA Vermúdez, daughter of --- (-after 17 Oct 1086). "Gotina Bermutiz" donated property in "Villa Abduz en la ribera del Araduey", received as arras from "su marido Pedro Nuñez", to Sahagun by charter dated 17 Oct 1086[1663]. It is not known whether this document refers to the same Pedro Nuñez who was the son of Nuño Ermeldiz.]

b) ELVIRA Núñez (-[after 13 Oct 1075]). "Gelvira Nunniz y sus hijos Flaino, Gunterode y Justa" donated their part of "Noantica" to Sahagún by charter dated 1067[1664]. "Gelvira hija de Nuño Ermeildiz y su hijo Flaino Fernandiz" donated property "in Sancta Cruce de Uouatella cerca del rio Cea" to "Estéban Cilvaniz y Gunterode" by charter dated 12 Jul 1071[1665]. "Doña Elvira y su hijo Flainz Fernandez" donated property in "Villa Orelle in riuulo Ginginnati" to "Juan presbítero" by charter dated 13 May 1072[1666]. ["Fernando Petriz y su mujer Gelvira" donated property "en las villas de Villa Aker, Quintanella, Villanova, Villa Oria, Moral de rio de Porma, Villa Maria" and their part of the monasteries of "Santa María de Egunna y de San Estéban" to Sahagun by charter dated 13 Oct 1075[1667]. It is not certain that this charter refers to the same couple, especially as Elvira is named without her husband after 1067, which suggests that he may already have been dead at that time.] m FERNANDO Pérez, son of don PEDRO Flaínez & his wife Bronilde --- (-before 1067).

2. [GONZALO Ermeldiz (-after 25 Nov 1089). "Gonzalo Ermeildiz" donated half of property in "Villa Adda" to "su mujer doña Mayor", and after her death to "filios nostros", by charter dated 25 Nov 1089[1668]. m MAYOR, daughter of --- (-after 25 Nov 1089). "Gonzalo Ermeildiz" donated half of property in "Villa Adda" to "su mujer doña Mayor", and after her death to "filios nostros", by charter dated 25 Nov 1089[1669].]

1. ORDOÑO Ramírez . m ELVIRA, daughter of ---. Ordoño & his wife had two possible children:

a) [RODRIGO Ordóñez (-after 9 Jun 1037). Conde. He witnessed the 27 Nov 986 donation of Ablavel Godesteoz as "Rodrigo Ordónez armiger regis"[1670]. m TODA González, daughter of conde GONZALO Menéndez & his wife Ilduara Peláez.]

b) [ÁLVARO Ordóñez . Conde[1671].]

1. GUTIERRE Muñoz . "Adefonsus…Ispanie imperator" permitted the abbey of Silos to establish outposts near the abbey, with the consent of "uxoris mee Berte regine", by charter dated 20 Jan [1096/98], confirmed by "…Gutier Munoz…"[1672].

1. DIEGO Vermúdez . "Adefonsus…Ispanie imperator" permitted the abbey of Silos to establish outposts near the abbey, with the consent of "uxoris mee Berte regine", by charter dated 20 Jan [1096/98], confirmed by "…Didago Bermudez…"[1673].

1. MUNIO Fernández (-after Sep 992). Casado Lobato suggests that Munio Fernández, father of Froila Muñoz, was Munio Fernández, son of Fernando Díaz Conde de Saldana & his wife Mansuara Díaz[1674]. However, Prieto suggests that he was Munio de Somiedo who is named in the Registro de Corias[1675]. According to Carlé, Munio may have been the son of Fernando Díaz & his wife Mansuara Fáfilaz, marrying Jimena as his first wife[1676]. m JIMENA, daughter of ---. Munio & his wife had two children:

a) FROILA Muñoz (-after 1046). Son of Munio Fernández & Jimena[1677]. "…Froila Muninz…" subscribed the charter dated 15 Nov 1028 under which "Ueremudus proles Adefonsi principis et Geluire regine" donated "villam meam…Cordario que fuit avorum et parentum meorum Menendi et dne Tote" to Santiago de Compostela[1678]. Fruela Muñoz and his brother Munio exchanged property by charter dated 1046[1679]. m GONTRODO, daughter of ---. Froila & his wife had one child:

i) MARÍA Froilaz ([after 1030][1680]-after 1083). She acquired property jointly with her husband in 1056, but was a widow in Dec 1069 when she and her children acquired property in Vega de Boñar. She donated property for her niece Jimena Muñiz 5 Apr 1078. “Doña María Froilaz con sus hijos Froila Didaci y Antonino Didaci” donated property, confiscated from Pedro Flaínez by King Fernando I and returned to Diego Pérez by King Alfonso VI, to León by charter dated 18 Dec 1073[1681]. “Maior Froilaz cognomento Maria con sus hijos Froila y Antonino, hijos de Diego Petriz y nietos del conde Pedro Flainiz” sold property to the church of Oviedo by charter dated 5 Apr 1078[1682]. She settled in Oviedo after her husband died, and ended her life in the monastery of Oviedo[1683]. m don DIEGO Pérez, son of don PEDRO Flaínez & his wife Bronilde --- (-[10 Aug/Dec] 1069).

b) [URRACA Muñoz . Casado Lobato names Urraca Muñoz as the daughter of Munio Fernández and his wife Jimena[1684].

c) [JIMENA Munioz . A charter at Corias records that “Munio Munionis comes, filius comitis Munionis Roderici cognomento Canis” married firstly “filiam comitis Munionis de Somedo…Xemena Moniz”[1685]. m as his first wife, MUNIO Munioz, son of MUNIO Rodríguez "Canis" & his wife Anderquina Fróilaz.

d) MUNIO Muñoz (-after 1046). Fruela Muñoz and his brother Munio exchanged property by charter dated 1046[1686].

2. [FERNANDO ---] (-before 17 Aug 1087). Conde . m as his [---] wife, ALDONZA [Eslonza], [widow of MUNIO ---,] daughter of ---. "La condesa Eslonza y sus hijos Fernando Fernández y Elvira Muñoz" sold property at Villanueva de Arriba, next to Muñeca, to "Pedro Rodríguez y a su mujer Cita" by charter dated 17 Aug 1087[1687]. "La condesa Eslonza y sus hijos Fernando Fernández y Elvira Muñoz" donated houses at Barajones to the monastery of San Román de Entrepeñas "Pedro Rodríguez y a su mujer Cita" by charter dated 17 Aug 1087[1688].

[1] Llorente (1808) Noticias Históricas de las tres provincias vascongadas Álava, Guipúzcoa y Vizcaya (Madrid), Vol. V. pp. 434-7.

[2] Martínez Díez, G. ´La familia condal de Carrión´, Actas del III Congreso de Historia de Palencia (1995), Tome II, p. 553.

[3] Proyecto Regestalia, available at <http://www2.uah.es/historia1/carlossaez/Regestos/default.htm (11 Feb 2008).

[4] As at 20 Jan 2010.

[5] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 347.

[6] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XI, p. 7.

[7] Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, M. (1999) Linajes nobiliarios de León y Castilla (siglos IX-XIII) (Consejería de Educación y Cultura de la Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid), p. 304.

[8] López Ferreiro, A. (1899) Historia de la Santa Iglesia de Santiago de Compostela (Santiago), Tomo II, Apéndice, XIX, p. 34.

[9] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XIX, p. 34.

[10] Mattoso, J. (1994) A Nobreza Medieval Portuguesa, a família e o poder 4^th ed. (Lisbon), p. 153.

[11] Sáez, C. and González de la Peña, M. (eds.) (2003) La Coruña. Fondo Antiguo Tome I (788-994) (Alcalá de Henares) (“La Coruña I”), 59, p. 137.

[12] Mínguez Fernández, J. M. (ed.) (1976) Colección diplomatica del Monasterio de Sahagún, Siglos IX y X (León) (“Sahagún, Tomo I”), 98.

[13] Sahagún, Tomo I, 99.

[14] La Coruña I, 59, p. 137.

[15] Sáez, E. and Sáez, C. (eds.) (1996) Colección diplomática del monasterio de Celanova, Tome I (842-942) (Alcalá de Henares) (“Celanova I”), 29, p. 94.

[16] Celanova I, 40, p. 106.

[17] Celanova I, 72, p. 151.

[18] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXXV, p. 54.

[19] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXXVIII, p. 56.

[20] Pérez de Urbel, J. and González Ruiz-Zorrilla, A. (eds.) (1959) Historia Silense (Madrid), Cronica de Sampiro 18, p. 164.

[21] La Coruña I, 29, p. 103.

[22] La Coruña I, 59, p. 137.

[23] Mattoso (1994), pp. 153-6.

[24] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXVII, p. 23.

[25] Celanova I, 72, p. 151.

[26] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXVII, p. 38.

[27] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XCVII, p. 61.

[28] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XCVII, p. 61.

[29] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXVII, p. 23.

[30] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXIV, p. 21.

[31] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXXI, p. 50.

[32] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXXI, p. 50.

[33] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXXI, p. 50.

[34] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LVI, p. 32.

[35] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LVI, p. 32.

[36] Mattoso (1994), p. 154, where the lineage of his descent, shown above, is set out.

[37] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXVII, p. 48.

[38] De Almeida Fernandes, Territorio e política portugalensis (Porto 1972), pp. 190-1, cited in Mattoso (1994), p. 154.

[39] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXI, p. 20.

[40] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXVII, p. 23.

[41] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXI, p. 20.

[42] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXIV, p. 21.

[43] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXI, p. 35.

[44] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXVI, p. 22.

[45] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXVI, p. 44.

[46] Torres (1999), p. 291, and Mattoso (1994), p. 142.

[47] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XCVII, p. 61.

[48] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXI, p. 35.

[49] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXI, p. 35.

[50] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXVI, p. 44.

[51] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXVII, p. 48.

[52] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXXVIII, p. 56.

[53] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXVII, p. 48.

[54] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CLXVI, p. 102.

[55] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXI, p. 35.

[56] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXVI, p. 44.

[57] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XCIX, p. 62.

[58] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXXVIII, p. 56.

[59] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XCIX, p. 62.

[60] García Álvarez, R. La reina Velasquita de León, pp. 18-37, cited in Torres (1999), p. 295.

[61] Chronicon Regum Legionensium: Barton, S. and Fletcher, R. (trans. and eds.) The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest (Manchester UP), p. 77.

[62] Mattoso (1994), p. 144.

[63] Sáez, E. and Sáez, C. (eds.) (2000) Colección diplomática del monasterio de Celanova, Tome II (943-988) (Alcalá de Henares) (“Celanova II”), 197, p. 209.

[64] Celanova II, 204, p. 224.

[65] Torres (1999), p. 95.

[66] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXI, p. 35.

[67] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXVI, p. 44.

[68] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XCVII, p. 61.

[69] Torres (1999), p. 295.

[70] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXI, p. 35.

[71] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXVI, p. 44.

[72] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXI, p. 35.

[73] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXVI, p. 44.

[74] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXXVIII, p. 56.

[75] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXI, p. 35.

[76] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXXVIII, p. 56.

[77] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XCIX, p. 62.

[78] Torres (1999), p. 295.

[79] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXXXII, p. 81.

[80] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXXIX, p. 192.

[81] De Almeida Fernandes, A. Portugal no periodo vimaranense, p. 136, cited in Torres (1999), p. 296.

[82] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXXV, p. 54.

[83] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXXVIII, p. 56.

[84] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXXV, p. 140.

[85] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXXIX, p. 192.

[86] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXXV, p. 140.

[87] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXXXII, p. 81.

[88] Salazar y Acha, J. (2000) La casa del Rey de Castilla y León en la Edad Media (Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales Madrid), p. 54.

[89] Dozy, R. (1859) Recherches sur l´histoire et la literature de l´Espagne pendant le moyen-âge (Leiden), Tome I, Ibn-Khaldoun Histoire des Beni-Alphonse de Galice (French trans.), p. 110.

[90] Sáez, E. and Sáez, C. (eds.) (2006) Colección diplomática del monasterio de Celanova, Tome III (989-1006) (Alcalá de Henares) (“Celanova III”), 260, p. 77.

[91] Celanova III, 261, p. 79.

[92] ES XIV, p. 404, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 297.

[93] Chronicon Lusitanum, España Sagrada, Tomo XIV, p. 417.

[94] Dozy (1859), Tome I, Ibn-Khaldoun Histoire des Beni-Alphonse de Galice (French trans.), p. 111.

[95] CCL, doc. 707, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 296.

[96] Mattoso (1981), p. 147, cited in Torres (1999), p. 297.

[97] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXXV, p. 140.

[98] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXXXIV, p. 145.

[99] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XC, p. 221.

[100] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXXV, p. 140.

[101] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXXV, p. 140.

[102] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXXV, p. 140.

[103] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 407.

[104] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), J. 'Jimenos y Velas en Portugal', RPH 5 (1951), p. 488, cited in Mattoso (1994), p. 151, the latter author suggesting that this is incorrect.

[105] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCLIX, p. 160.

[106] Mattoso (1994), p. 153.

[107] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCCXL, p. 207.

[108] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCCXL, p. 207.

[109] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCCXL, p. 207.

[110] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCLIX, p. 160.

[111] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCLIX, p. 160.

[112] Mattoso (1994), p. 151.

[113] Mattoso (1994), p. 152.

[114] CCL, doc. 707, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 296.

[115] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 407.

[116] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XC, p. 221.

[117] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 80.

[118] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XC, p. 221.

[119] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 80.

[120] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XCII, p. 225.

[121] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCLIX, p. 160.

[122] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXXV, p. 140.

[123] Salazar y Acha (2000), pp. 406-7.

[124] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XC, p. 221.

[125] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCLIX, p. 160.

[126] La Coruña I, 21, p. 95.

[127] La Coruña I, 21, p. 95.

[128] Historia Compostelana Liber I, Cap. II, 4, España Sagrada XX, p. 12.

[129] La Coruña I, 21, p. 95.

[130] La Coruña I, 21, p. 95.

[131] La Coruña I, 21, p. 95.

[132] Sobrado, Vol. 1. doc. 9, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 314.

[133] Sobrado, I, doc. 423, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 313.

[134] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LIII, p. 116.

[135] Celanova I, 60, p. 137.

[136] Sahagún, Tomo I, 98.

[137] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXIV, p. 145.

[138] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXVII, p. 155.

[139] Sobrado, I, doc. 9, cited in Torres (1999), p. 315.

[140] Torres (1999), p. 314.

[141] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LIII, p. 116.

[142] Celanova I, 60, p. 137.

[143] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXIV, p. 145.

[144] Historia Compostelana Liber I, Cap. II, 3 and 6, España Sagrada XX, pp. 10 and 13.

[145] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXVII, p. 155.

[146] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 348.

[147] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXIV, p. 145.

[148] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXVII, p. 155.

[149] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXXIII, p. 169.

[150] Sobrado, I, doc. 6, cited in Torres (1999), p. 313.

[151] Torres (1999), p. 316, where the author assumes there original document contains a transcription error on the part of the copyist.

[152] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXVII, p. 155.

[153] Mattoso (1981), p. 111, cited in Torres (1999), p. 315.

[154] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXXIII, p. 169.

[155] Sobrado, I, doc. 127 and 128, cited in Torres (1999), p. 316.

[156] CCL, doc. 1159, cited in Torres (1999), p. 316.

[157] Sahagún, Tomo I, 255.

[158] CDS, docs. 261, 284 and 333.

[159] Sobrado, I, doc. 64, cited in Torres (1993), p. 315.

[160] Quintana Prieto, A. (ed.) (1971) Tumbo Viejo de San Pedro de Montes (León) ("San Pedro de Montes"), 6, p. 87 (classified as spurious by the editor).

[161] Celanova II, 191, p. 191.

[162] Celanova I, 65, p. 142.

[163] Celanova I, 72, p. 151.

[164] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXVII, p. 23.

[165] Celanova I, 65, p. 142.

[166] Rodríguez, J. (1972) Ramiro II, rey de León (Madrid), pp. 639-40, cited in Torres (1999), p. 307.

[167] Sahagún, Tomo I, 98.

[168] Sahagún, Tomo I, 99.

[169] Torres (1999), p. 307.

[170] CDS, doc. 331.

[171] Celanova I, 65, p. 142.

[172] Celanova II, 125, p. 107.

[173] Lacarra, J. M. 'Textos navarros del Códice de Roda', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón Vol. I (Zaragoza, 1945) 15, p. 238.

[174] Celanova I, 65, p. 142.

[175] Their mothers were sisters.

[176] Celanova I, 65, p. 142.

[177] Sahagún, Tomo I, 98.

[178] Sahagún, Tomo I, 99.

[179] Celanova I, 65, p. 142.

[180] Lucas Álvarez, M. and Lucas Domínguez, P. (eds.) (1966) El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos (A Coruña), 1 (Regestalia).

[181] Lucas Álvarez, M. and Lucas Domínguez, P. (eds.) (1966) El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos (A Coruña), 1 (Regestalia).

[182] Celanova III, 215, p. 26.

[183] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XLV, p. 27.

[184] Celanova I, 65, p. 142.

[185] Celanova II, 191, p. 191.

[186] Celanova III, 229, p. 48.

[187] Celanova III, 229, p. 48.

[188] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[189] Celanova I, 65, p. 142.

[190] Celanova II, 191, p. 191.

[191] Sáez, E. 'Notas al episcopologio minduniense, Hispania VI (1946), pp. 3-79, chart 4, cited in Torres (1999), p. 309.

[192] Torres (1999), p. 304.

[193] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 347.

[194] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XI, p. 7.

[195] Torres (1999), p. 304.

[196] Torres (1999), p. 304.

[197] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), J. (1952) Sampiro, su crónica y la monarquía leonesa en el siglo X (Madrid), p. 291, cited in Torres (1999), p. 304.

[198] López Ferreiro, A. (1902-1911) Historia de la Santa A. M. Iglesia de Santiago de Compostela, 11 vols. (Santiago de Compostela), vol. 2, pp. 72-4, cited in Torres (1999), p. 304.

[199] Celanova I, 29, p. 94.

[200] Celanova I, 29, p. 94.

[201] Celanova I, 40, p. 106.

[202] San Pedro de Montes, 1, p. 79.

[203] San Pedro de Montes, 6, p. 87 (classified as spurious by the editor).

[204] Sáez, E. 'Los ascendientes de San Rosendo', Hispania XXX (1948), pp. 3-76 and 179-233, 32, cited in Torres (1999), p. 306.

[205] Celanova I, 73, p. 158.

[206] Celanova II, 154, p. 134.

[207] Mattoso (1994), p. 118.

[208] Celanova II, 203, p. 222.

[209] Celanova II, 203, p. 222.

[210] Celanova II, 154, p. 134.

[211] Celanova II, 154, p. 134.

[212] Celanova I, 65, p. 142.

[213] Celanova I, 72, p. 151.

[214] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XII, p. 7.

[215] España Sagrada, Tomo XIX, p. 349.

[216] Celanova I, 32, p. 99.

[217] San Pedro de Montes, 6, p. 87 (classified as spurious by the editor).

[218] Sahagún, Tomo I, 19.

[219] Sahagún, Tomo I, 22.

[220] Sahagún, Tomo I, 23.

[221] Cronica de Sampiro 18, in Historia Silense (Pérez), p. 164.

[222] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XII, p. 7.

[223] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XX, p. 13.

[224] De Almeida Fernandes, A. (1972) Portugal no periodo vimaranense (Guimarães), p. 228, cited in Mattoso (1994), p. 109.

[225] Celanova I, 72, p. 151.

[226] San Pedro de Montes, 1, p. 79.

[227] San Pedro de Montes, 6, p. 87 (classified as spurious by the editor).

[228] Vignau Ballester. V. (ed.) (1885) Cartulario del monasterio de Eslonza (Madrid) ("Eslonza"), Part I, III, p. 5.

[229] Mattoso (1994), p. 119.

[230] Celanova I, 29, p. 94.

[231] Celanova I, 40, p. 106.

[232] Celanova I, 29, p. 94.

[233] Celanova I, 40, p. 106.

[234] Mattoso (1994), p. 121.

[235] Celanova I, 29, p. 94.

[236] Celanova I, 40, p. 106.

[237] López Ferreiro, A. (1901) Collección diplomática de la Galicia histórica (Santiago) CII, p. 451.

[238] Celanova II, 154, p. 134.

[239] Celanova II, 154, p. 134.

[240] Torres (1999), p. 309 footnote 1566.

[241] Mattoso (1994), pp. 121-2.

[242] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXLV, p. 91.

[243] Mattoso (1994), p. 122.

[244] De Almeida Fernandes, p. 118, cited in Mattoso (1994), p. 122.

[245] Celanova II, 154, p. 134.

[246] Mattoso (1994), p. 122.

[247] España Sagrada, Tomo XIX, p. 359.

[248] Celanova I, 31, p. 98.

[249] Celanova I, 31, p. 98.

[250] Colección Diplomática de Galicia Histórica, CII, p. 451.

[251] Lucas Álvarez, M. and Lucas Domínguez, P. (eds.) (1966) El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos (A Coruña), 2 (Regestalia).

[252] Celanova II, 154, p. 134.

[253] Mattoso (1994), p. 122.

[254] Gonzaga de Azevedo, L. História de Portugal II, p. 162, note 1, cited in Mattoso (1994), p. 123.

[255] Cronica de Sampiro 27, in Historia Silense (Pérez), p. 170.

[256] Torres (1999), p. 311.

[257] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CLXX, p. 105.

[258] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXLV, p. 91.

[259] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXLVIII, p. 93.

[260] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CLIV, p. 96.

[261] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXLVIII, p. 93.

[262] Sahagún, Tomo I, 255.

[263] Mattoso (1994), p. 125.

[264] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXLVIII, p. 93.

[265] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CLXX, p. 105.

[266] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CLXXXXVI, p. 120.

[267] Torres (1999), p. 311, and Mattoso (1994), p. 126.

[268] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXXXIV, p. 145.

[269] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCLXXXXV, p. 180.

[270] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCLXXXXV, p. 180.

[271] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCCLXIII, p. 221.

[272] Sáez 'Episcopologio', chart 5, cited in Torres (1999), p. 312.

[273] Vita Sancti Rudesindi episcopi, Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Scriptores, Vol. I, Liber I, cap. I, 1, p. 34.

[274] Celanova I, 29, p. 94.

[275] Mattoso (1994), p. 119.

[276] Celanova I, 40, p. 106.

[277] Celanova II, 185, p. 177.

[278] Celanova I, 29, p. 94.

[279] Celanova I, 40, p. 106.

[280] Celanova I, 53, p. 124.

[281] Torres (1999), p. 310.

[282] Mattoso (1994), p. 119.

[283] Celanova I, 53, p. 124.

[284] Celanova I, 72, p. 151.

[285] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CLXX, p. 105.

[286] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXXV, p. 140.

[287] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXXXIV, p. 145.

[288] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XC, p. 221.

[289] Celanova I, 29, p. 94.

[290] Celanova I, 40, p. 106.

[291] Celanova II, 84, p. 48.

[292] Celanova II, 91, p. 62.

[293] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXXVIII, p. 56.

[294] Celanova I, 29, p. 94.

[295] Celanova I, 40, p. 106.

[296] Celanova I, 72, p. 151.

[297] Muñoz Romero, T. (1847) Colección de Fueros municipales y cartas pueblas (Madrid), Tome I, p. 157.

[298] Muñoz Romero (1847), Tome I, p. 157.

[299] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, XVIII, p. 56.

[300] Torres (1999), p. 322 footnote 1653.

[301] Mattoso (1994), p. 108.

[302] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XX, p. 13.

[303] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXV, p. 16.

[304] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XX, p. 13.

[305] De Almeida Fernandes, A. (1972) Portugal no periodo vimaranense (Guimarães), p. 228, cited in Mattoso (1994), p. 109.

[306] Celanova I, 72, p. 151.

[307] Celanova I, 72, p. 151.

[308] Sáez, E. 'Ramiro II rey de Portugal de 926 a 930', Revista portuguesa de história 3 (Coimbra, 1947), pp. 271-90, 285, cited in Mattoso (1994), p. 109.

[309] Celanova I, 72, p. 151.

[310] Celanova I, 72, p. 151.

[311] Celanova I, 72, p. 151.

[312] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXI, p. 20.

[313] Colección Diplomática Riojana 46, p. 483.

[314] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXI, p. 20.

[315] Celanova I, 72, p. 151.

[316] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXVI, p. 22.

[317] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXIV, p. 21.

[318] Sáez, E. 'Notas al episcopologio minduniense del siglo X', Hispania 6 (1946), pp. 3-79, 28, cited in Mattoso (1994), p. 110.

[319] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXXXIX, p. 88.

[320] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXI, p. 20.

[321] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXVI, p. 22.

[322] Celanova II, 176, p. 160.

[323] Celanova II, 187, p. 183.

[324] Celanova II, 188, p. 185.

[325] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXLV, p. 91.

[326] Celanova III, 236, p. 55.

[327] Mattoso (1994), p. 112.

[328] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXVI, p. 44.

[329] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXVI, p. 44.

[330] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXLV, p. 91.

[331] La Coruña I, 96, p. 176.

[332] La Coruña I, 96, p. 176.

[333] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXVII, p. 155.

[334] Mattoso (1981), p. 111, cited in Torres (1999), p. 315.

[335] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXXIII, p. 169.

[336] Mattoso (1994), p. 114.

[337] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCLIX, p. 160.

[338] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCLIX, p. 160.

[339] Chronicon Lusitanum, España Sagrada, Tomo XIV, p. 418.

[340] Historia Silense, Chapter 90, p. 52.

[341] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCLIX, p. 160.

[342] Mattoso (1994), p. 114.

[343] Celanova I, 34, p. 101.

[344] Celanova II, 86, p. 51.

[345] Celanova II, 123, p. 105.

[346] Celanova II, 176, p. 160.

[347] Celanova II, 185, p. 177.

[348] Celanova II, 187, p. 183.

[349] Celanova II, 203, p. 222.

[350] Celanova II, 176, p. 160.

[351] Celanova II, 187, p. 183.

[352] Celanova II, 188, p. 185.

[353] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXLV, p. 91.

[354] Celanova III, 236, p. 55.

[355] Celanova II, 187, p. 183.

[356] Celanova II, 187, p. 183.

[357] Celanova II, 187, p. 183.

[358] Celanova II, 203, p. 222.

[359] Celanova III, 231, p. 50.

[360] Celanova II, 203, p. 222.

[361] Celanova II, 185, p. 177.

[362] Historia Compostelana Liber I, Cap. II, 7, España Sagrada XX, p. 13.

[363] Celanova II, 187, p. 183.

[364] Celanova II, 188, p. 185.

[365] Celanova II, 190, p. 188.

[366] Celanova III, 210, p. 22.

[367] Celanova II, 187, p. 183.

[368] Celanova III, 236, p. 55.

[369] Celanova II, 187, p. 183.

[370] Celanova II, 176, p. 160.

[371] Celanova II, 191, p. 191.

[372] Celanova II, 191, p. 191.

[373] Celanova II, 191, p. 191.

[374] Celanova I, 65, p. 142.

[375] Celanova I, 65, p. 142.

[376] Celanova I, 65, p. 142.

[377] Carlé, M. C. 'Gran propiedad y grandes propietarios', Cuadernos de Historia de España LVII-LVIII (1973), pp. 1-221, 182, cited in Torres (1999), p. 274.

[378] CDS, docs. 318 and 353.

[379] CDS, doc. 386, cited in Torres (1999), p. 277.

[380] Jusué, E. (1912) Libro de la Regla o Cartulario de la antigua abadia de Santillana del Mar (Madrid) ("Santillana del Mar"), 44 (Regestalia).

[381] Santillana del Mar, 57 (Regestalia).

[382] Santillana del Mar, 26 (Regestalia).

[383] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[384] Celanova III, 229, p. 48.

[385] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[386] Celanova III, 229, p. 48.

[387] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[388] Santillana del Mar, 45 (Regestalia).

[389] Santillana del Mar, 52 (Regestalia).

[390] Santillana del Mar, 52 (Regestalia).

[391] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), Fray Justo (1969/70) El condado de Castilla 3 vols. (Madrid), Vol. III, p. 59.

[392] Santillana del Mar, 52 (Regestalia).

[393] Santillana del Mar, 47 (Regestalia).

[394] Santillana del Mar, 43 (Regestalia).

[395] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 59.

[396] Santillana del Mar, 87 (Regestalia).

[397] Santillana del Mar, 78 (Regestalia).

[398] Santillana del Mar, 78 (Regestalia).

[399] Santillana del Mar, 64 (Regestalia).

[400] Santillana del Mar, 78 (Regestalia).

[401] Santillana del Mar, 47 (Regestalia).

[402] Santillana del Mar, 48 (Regestalia).

[403] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 210.

[404] Santillana del Mar, 47 (Regestalia).

[405] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 210.

[406] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, pp. 209-11.

[407] Vignau, V. (1874) Índice de los documentos del monasterio de Sahagún (Madrid) ("Sahagún (Index)"), 877, p. 202.

[408] Sahagún (Index), 877, p. 202.

[409] Sahagún (Index), 873, p. 201.

[410] Sahagún (Index), 828, p. 190.

[411] Sahagún (Index), 873, p. 201.

[412] Sahagún (Index), 877, p. 202.

[413] Sahagún (Index), 914, p. 210.

[414] Sahagún (Index), 1000, p. 230.

[415] Sahagún (Index), 914, p. 210.

[416] Sahagún (Index), 1000, p. 230.

[417] Sahagún (Index), 1061, p. 245.

[418] Sahagún (Index), 1106, p. 255.

[419] Pérez, J., Romualdo Escalona, F. (1782) Historia del real monasterio de Sahagun (Madrid) ("Sahagún (Pérez)"), Apéndice III, Escritura CXXI, p. 486.

[420] Sahagún (Index), 1061, p. 245.

[421] Sahagún (Index), 1106, p. 255.

[422] Sahagún (Index), 1061, p. 245.

[423] Sahagún (Index), 1106, p. 255.

[424] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura CXXI, p. 486.

[425] Collección de documentos de la Catedral de Oviedo, ed. S. García Larragueta (Oviedo, 1962) ["CCO"], doc. 106, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 380.

[426] Sahagún (Index), 1338, p. 308.

[427] Sahagún (Index), 828, p. 190.

[428] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 171 (Regestalia).

[429] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 125 (Regestalia).

[430] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), 3 (Regestalia).

[431] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 70 (Regestalia).

[432] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 125 (Regestalia).

[433] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 132 (Regestalia).

[434] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 171 (Regestalia).

[435] Salazar Acha, J. de 'Una familia de la Alta Edad Media: Los Velas y su realidad historica', Estudios Genealógicos y Heráldicos (Asociación Española de Estudios Genealógicos y Heráldicos, Madrid, 1985), p. 33 footnote 52.

[436] Torres (1999), p. 96.

[437] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 77.

[438] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 76.

[439] Yepes, A. de (1615) Coronica General de la Orden de San Benito, Tomo V, Apendix, LI, p. 471.

[440] Colección documental de la Catedral de Oviedo, doc. 55, quoted in Torres (2000), p. 96.

[441] Colección documental de la Catedral de Oviedo, doc. 55, quoted in Torres (2000), p. 96.

[442] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 77.

[443] Schottus, A. (ed.) (1608) Hispaniæ Illustratæ, Tomo IV (Frankfurt), Lucæ Tudensis Chronicon Mundi, ("Lucas Tudensis"), Liber IV, p. 89.

[444] CCL, doc. 1048, cited in Torres (2000), p. 97.

[445] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 153 (Regestalia).

[446] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 153 (Regestalia).

[447] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 153 (Regestalia).

[448] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 89.

[449] Torres (1999), pp. 99-100.

[450] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 409.

[451] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 77.

[452] ES II 50.

[453] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 89.

[454] Ximénez de Rada, R. Historia de los hechos de España, p. 205, quoted in Torres (2000), p. 97, citing Colección documental de la Catedral de Oviedo ["CCO"], doc. 61.

[455] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 77.

[456] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 89.

[457] Floriano, A. C. (1966) Colección Diplomática del monasterio de Belmonte (Oviedo), 2 (Regestalia).

[458] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 89.

[459] Torres (1999), pp. 99-100.

[460] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 409.

[461] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 77.

[462] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 409.

[463] Sánchez Candeira 'La Reina Velasquita', cited in Torres (2000), p. 100.

[464] Berganza, F. de (1721) Antiguedades de España (Madrid) Secunda parte, Appendice CXIII, p. 438.

[465] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CXIII, p. 438.

[466] Menéndez Pidal, R. (1956) La España del Cid 5^th ed. 2 Vols (Madrid), Vol 2, p. 713, cited in Barton, S. (2002) The aristocracy in twelfth-century León and Castile (Cambridge University Press), p. 249.

[467] Cartulario de Burgos, information supplied by Mara González Morejón in a private email to the author dated 13 Mar 2008.

[468] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 412.

[469] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 411.

[470] Historia Roderici: Barton, S. and Fletcher, R. (trans. and eds.) The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest (Manchester University Press), pp. 98-147, Chapters 7 and 8, pp. 102-3.

[471] Ubieto Arteta, A. (ed.) (1976) Cartulario de San Millán de la Cogolla (Valencia), Tome II, 5, p. 12.

[472] Nájera Santa María 23, p. 43.

[473] Lucas Álvarez, M. 'Libro Becerro del Monasterio de Valbanera', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón Vol. IV (Zaragoza, 1951) 156, p. 573.

[474] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 44, p. 41.

[475] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 76, p. 62.

[476] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 103, p. 77.

[477] Nájera Santa María 25, p. 45.

[478] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 94, p. 72.

[479] Lucas Álvarez, M. 'Libro Becerro del Monasterio de Valbanera', Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón Vol. IV (Zaragoza, 1951) 177, 179 bis, 180 and 185, pp. 588-595.

[480] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 191, p. 133.

[481] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 212, p. 146.

[482] Férotin, D. M. (ed.) (1897) (Paris) Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Silos (“Silos”), 24, p. 30.

[483] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 315, p. 210.

[484] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, XXIII, p. 70.

[485] Anales Toledanos I, España Sagrada XXIII, p. 386.

[486] Nájera Santa María 23, p. 43.

[487] Pamplona 34, p. 60.

[488] Nájera Santa María 25, p. 45.

[489] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 189, p. 132.

[490] Nájera Santa María 53, p. 79.

[491] Salazar y Castro, L. de (1696-7) Historia genealogica de la Casa de Lara, 3 vols. (Madrid), Vol 1, p. 99.

[492] Argote Molina, G. (1588) Nobleza del Andaluzia (Sevilla), p. 49.

[493] Barton (2002), p. 229.

[494] Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, 'Los sellos', p. 102, cited in Barton (2002), p. 229.

[495] Salazar, J. 'El Linaje castellano de los Castro', p. 54 footnote 106, cited in Torres (1999), p. 223.

[496] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 412.

[497] Barton (2002), p. 249.

[498] Barton (2002), p. 249.

[499] Barton (2002), p. 249.

[500] Nájera Santa María 53, p. 79.

[501] Salazar y Castro, L. (1697) Historia genealogica de la casa de Lara (Madrid), Tomo III, Libro XIX, cap. IV, p. 316.

[502] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 315, p. 210.

[503] Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris I, 7, p. 166.

[504] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 349.

[505] Sahagún, Tomo I, 273.

[506] Sahagún, Tomo I, 284.

[507] CDS, doc. 287.

[508] Sahagún, Tomo I, 273.

[509] Sahagún, Tomo I, 284.

[510] Sahagún, Tomo I, 284.

[511] Sahagún, Tomo I, 284.

[512] Historia Roderici: Barton, S. and Fletcher, R. (trans. and eds.) The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest (Manchester University Press), pp. 98-147, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[513] Ubieto Arteta, A. (ed.) (1989)"Corónicas" Navarras (Zaragoza) 2.2, p. 34.

[514] Chronicon de Cardeña, España Sagrada XXIII, p. 377.

[515] Faria i Sousa, F. & Alarcon, F. A. de (eds.) (1641) Nobiliario del Conde de Barcelos Don Pedro (Madrid) ("Pedro Barcelos"), Tit. VIII, Lainez, 1 p. 66.

[516] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.3, p. 35.

[517] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[518] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 1 p. 66.

[519] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.4, p. 35.

[520] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 2 p. 66.

[521] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[522] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.3, p. 35.

[523] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[524] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 1 p. 66.

[525] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.5, p. 36.

[526] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[527] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 3 p. 68.

[528] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.6, p. 36.

[529] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[530] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 10 p. 68.

[531] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.7, p. 36.

[532] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[533] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 12 p. 68.

[534] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.7 and 2.8, p. 36.

[535] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[536] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 2 p. 66, and 12 p. 68.

[537] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 10 p. 68, and 5 p. 117.

[538] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 3 p. 68, and Tit. IX, Biscaya, 1 p. 70.

[539] Llorente (1808), Vol. V, p. 456.

[540] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[541] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 1 p. 66.

[542] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[543] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.8, p. 36.

[544] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 2 p. 66.

[545] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.7 and 2.8, p. 36.

[546] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[547] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 2 p. 66, and 12 p. 68.

[548] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.8, p. 36.

[549] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[550] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 2 p. 66.

[551] Barton & Fletcher, p. 99 footnote 4.

[552] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[553] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.9, p. 37.

[554] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 2 p. 66.

[555] Barton & Fletcher, p. 100 footnote 5.

[556] Historia Roderici, Chapter 3, p. 100.

[557] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.10, p. 37.

[558] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[559] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 7 p. 66, and 23 p. 4.

[560] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[561] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.10 and 2.11, pp. 37 and 38.

[562] Historia Roderici, Chapter 4, p. 100.

[563] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 410.

[564] Dozy, R. (1860) Recherches sur l´histoire et la literature de l´Espagne pendant le moyen-âge (Leiden), Tome II, Ibn-Bassâm (French trans.), pp. 17 and 22.

[565] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.21 and 2.22, pp. 43 and 44.

[566] Chronicon Burgense, España Sagrada XXIII, p. 309.

[567] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.23, p. 45.

[568] Silos 19, p. 21.

[569] Anales Toledanos II, España Sagrada XXIII, p. 416.

[570] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, VIII, p. 38.

[571] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.23, p. 45.

[572] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.23, p. 45.

[573] Ximénez de Embún y Val, T. (ed.) (1876) Historia de la Corona de Aragón: Crónica de San Juan de la Peña: Part aragonesa (“Crónica de San Juan de la Peña“), XX, p. 82, available at Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes <http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/FichaObra.html?Ref=12477> (3 Aug 2007).

[574] RAH, Colección Salazar y Castro, M-18, Falta (no. 48883).

[575] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.23, p. 45.

[576] Bofarull y Mascaró (1836) Tomo II, p. 158, citing Archivo de la Camareria del monasterio de Ripoll.

[577] Bofarull y Mascaró (1836) Tomo II, p. 158, citing Archivo del Priorato de Sta Maria de Tarrasa, publicado por Marca, n. 335 del apéndice.

[578] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Contribution à l'histoire de l'attitude des royaumes pirénéens dans la querelle des investitures: de l'origine de Berthe, reine d'Aragon et de Navarre', Estudios Genealógicos, Heráldicos y Nobiliarios, en honor de Vicente de Cadenas y Vicent (Hidalguía, Madrid, 1978), Vol. 2, pp. 375-402, 377.

[579] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 2 p. 66.

[580] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 8 p. 68, and 23 p. 4.

[581] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 9 p. 68.

[582] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 9 p. 68.

[583] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 9 p. 68, and 2 p. 86.

[584] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[585] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 166, p. 161.

[586] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[587] Barton & Fletcher, p. 99 footnote 4.

[588] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[589] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.10, p. 37.

[590] Historia Roderici, Chapter 2, p. 99.

[591] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VIII, Lainez, 7 p. 66, and 23 p. 4.

[592] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXVI, p. 38.

[593] Sáez E. 'Los ascendientes de San Rosendo. Notas para el studio de la monarquía astur-leonesa durante los siglos IX y X', Hispania VIII (1948), pp. 3-75, 66-8, cited in Mattoso (1994), p. 128.

[594] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, IV, p. 450.

[595] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, IV, p. 450.

[596] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, IV, p. 450.

[597] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, IV, p. 451.

[598] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, IV, p. 450.

[599] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, IV, p. 451.

[600] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, IV, p. 450.

[601] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, IV, p. 450.

[602] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, IV, p. 450.

[603] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XCIV, p. 236.

[604] Salazar Acha, J. 'Los descendientes del conde Ero Fernández, fundador del monasterio de Santa María de Ferreira de Pallares', Galicia en la Edad Media (Madrid, 1990), pp. 71-2, cited in Torres (1999), p. 293.

[605] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XCIV, p. 236.

[606] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXVI, p. 38.

[607] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXVI, p. 38.

[608] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXIII, p. 36.

[609] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXIII, p. 36.

[610] Mattoso (1994), p. 128.

[611] Mattoso (1994), p. 128.

[612] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXI, p. 20.

[613] Celanova II, 91, p. 62.

[614] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), J. 'Jimenos y Velas en Portugal', RPH 51 (1951), pp. 480-1, cited in Torres (1999), p. 310, and Mattoso (1994), p. 139.

[615] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXIV, p. 21.

[616] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXIV, p. 21.

[617] Sáez, E. 'Notas al episcopologio minduniense del siglo X', Hispania 6 (1946), pp. 3-79, 28, cited in Mattoso (1994), p. 110.

[618] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXIV, p. 21.

[619] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXIV, p. 21.

[620] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XLII, p. 26.

[621] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XLVII, p. 28.

[622] Celanova II, 91, p. 62.

[623] Torres (1999), p. 310.

[624] Celanova I, 29, p. 94.

[625] Celanova I, 40, p. 106.

[626] Celanova II, 84, p. 48.

[627] Celanova II, 91, p. 62.

[628] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXXII, p. 51.

[629] Celanova II, 110, p. 89.

[630] Torres (1999), p. 310.

[631] Torres (1999), p. 310, although the author cites no supporting arguments for this conclusion other than the first Jimeno Jiménez having "abandoned his Portuguese lands".

[632] Corias, 536, p. 166, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, pp. 28-9.

[633] Saéz Episcopologio, chart 6, cited in Torres (1999), p. 311.

[634] Corias, 536, p. 166, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, pp. 28-9.

[635] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, III, p. 449.

[636] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 31.

[637] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 125 (Regestalia).

[638] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), 1 (Regestalia).

[639] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 125 (Regestalia).

[640] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), 3 (Regestalia).

[641] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 70 (Regestalia).

[642] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 125 (Regestalia).

[643] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 132 (Regestalia).

[644] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 171 (Regestalia).

[645] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 33 footnote 52.

[646] LRC, 384, p. 111, quoted in Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 31.

[647] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXXXVIII, p. 217.

[648] Corias, information supplied by Mara González Morejón in a private email to the author dated 18 Apr 2008.

[649] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CLXVIII, p. 103.

[650] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXXII, p. 51.

[651] Mattoso (1994), p. 141.

[652] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CLXVIII, p. 103.

[653] Celanova II, 110, p. 89.

[654] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXI, p. 20.

[655] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXIV, p. 21.

[656] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXI, p. 35.

[657] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXVI, p. 22.

[658] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXVI, p. 44.

[659] Torres (1999), p. 291, and Mattoso (1994), p. 142.

[660] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XCVII, p. 61.

[661] Sáez, E. 'Los ascendientes de San Rosendo. Notas para el studio de la monarquía astur-leonesa durante los siglos IX y X', Hispania VIII (1948), pp. 3-75, 52-5, cited in Torres (1999), p. 283.

[662] Mattoso (1994), p. 127.

[663] Celanova I, 40, p. 106.

[664] Celanova I, 29, p. 94.

[665] Celanova I, 40, p. 106.

[666] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XII, p. 7.

[667] Sáez E. 'Los ascendientes de San Rosendo. Notas para el studio de la monarquía astur-leonesa durante los siglos IX y X', Hispania VIII (1948), pp. 3-75, 66-8, cited in Mattoso (1994), p. 128.

[668] La Coruña I, 59, p. 137.

[669] Sáez 'Los ascendientes de San Rosendo', pp. 57-8 note 121, cited in Mattoso (1994), p. 129.

[670] Torres (1999), p. 292.

[671] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXXXVI, p. 83.

[672] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXXXVI, p. 83.

[673] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CLIX, p. 99.

[674] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCCLXXXIV, p. 234.

[675] Mattoso (1994), p. 130.

[676] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCCLXXXIV, p. 234.

[677] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XII, p. 7.

[678] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XXXI, p. 20.

[679] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XII, p. 7.

[680] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XII, p. 7.

[681] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXLII, p. 150.

[682] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXLII, p. 150.

[683] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXXVII, p. 55.

[684] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXLII, p. 150.

[685] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXXXIII, p. 82.

[686] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXVI, p. 132.

[687] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXXXIII, p. 82.

[688] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXVI, p. 132.

[689] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXXXIII, p. 82.

[690] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXLII, p. 150.

[691] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXLII, p. 150.

[692] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCLXX, p. 165.

[693] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCLXXXXIV, p. 179.

[694] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCCIX, p. 188.

[695] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCCLXIII, p. 221.

[696] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCLXXXXV, p. 180.

[697] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCCLXIII, p. 221.

[698] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCLXXXV, p. 174.

[699] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCLXXXXIV, p. 179.

[700] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCCIX, p. 188.

[701] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. II, Pars I, CCCLXIII, p. 221.

[702] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXXXIII, p. 82.

[703] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CXXXVI, p. 83.

[704] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXVI, p. 132.

[705] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXVI, p. 132.

[706] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, LXXXVII, p. 55.

[707] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CCXLII, p. 150.

[708] Mattoso (1994), p. 133, the author also citing five other individuals with the patronymic "Gundesíndez" from the same period who may have been brothers of Honorico.

[709] Mattoso (1994), p. 133.

[710] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XII, p. 7.

[711] Mattoso (1994), p. 131.

[712] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XII, p. 7.

[713] Torres (1999), p. 283 and Mattoso (1994), p. 132.

[714] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, XII, p. 7.

[715] Torres (1999), p. 291.

[716] O tombo de Celanova, 2 vols. ed. J. M. Andrade (Santiago, 1995) ["Celanova"], doc. 2, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 291.

[717] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XC, p. 221.

[718] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XCIV, p. 236.

[719] Torres (1999), p. 293, where the author does not specify the descent.

[720] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XCIV, p. 236.

[721] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 76.

[722] Los Certales, P. (ed.) (1976) Tumbos del monasterio de Sobrado de los monjes, 2 vols. (Madrid), ["Sobrado"], II, doc. 75, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 120.

[723] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 76.

[724] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 6, p. 13.

[725] San Pedro de Montes, 40, p. 125.

[726] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 53, quoting Archivo Histórico Nacional [AHN], códice 267-B, folio 73.

[727] Tumbo Nuevo de Lugo ["TNL"], cod. 363, fol. 73 r., quoted in Torres (1999), p. 125.

[728] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 53, quoting Archivo Histórico Nacional [AHN], códice 267-B, folio 73.

[729] Rodríguez González, M. C. ´Concubina o esposa. Reflexiones sobre la unión de Jimena Muñiz con Alfonso VI´, Studia Historica, Historia Medieval No. 25 (2007), p. 158, citing Casado Lobato, C. (1983) Colección diplomática del monasterio de Carrizo Vol. I (969-1260) (León) ("Carrizo"), doc. 3.

[730] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 354.

[731] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 6, p. 13.

[732] Sahagún (Index), 1177, p. 271.

[733] Silos 24, p. 30.

[734] Sahagún (Index), 1177, p. 271.

[735] TNL, ff. 88v-89r, and TNL, ff. 105v-106r, respectively, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 170.

[736] TNL, f. 111 r/v, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 169. The doubts about the correct translation are discussed on p. 170 footnote 847.

[737] Rodríguez González, M. C. ´Concubina o esposa. Reflexiones sobre la unión de Jimena Muñiz con Alfonso VI´, Studia Historica, Historia Medieval No. 25 (2007), p. 158, citing Casado Lobato, C. (1983) Colección diplomática del monasterio de Carrizo Vol. I (969-1260) (León) ("Carrizo"), doc. 3.

[738] Rodríguez González ´Concubina…Jimena Muñiz´, p. 160, citing Lucas Álvarez, M. (1986) El tumbo de San Julián de Samos, doc. 172.

[739] San Pedro de Montes, 42, p. 127.

[740] Rodríguez González ´Concubina…Jimena Muñiz´, p. 158, citing Carrizo Vol. I, doc. 3.

[741] San Pedro de Montes, 42, p. 127.

[742] San Pedro de Montes, 58, p. 144.

[743] San Pedro de Montes, 59, p. 145.

[744] San Pedro de Montes, 95, p. 182.

[745] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 87.

[746] Chronicon de Cardeña, España Sagrada XXIII, p. 378.

[747] Reilly, B. F. (1988) The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI 1065-1109 (Princeton University Press), Chapter 6, p. 199, in the Library of Iberian Resources Online, consulted at <http://libro.uca.edu/alfonso6/alfonso.htm> (7 Dec 2002).

[748] Reilly (1988), Chapter 12, p. 192.

[749] San Pedro de Montes, 42, p. 127.

[750] San Pedro de Montes, 63, p. 149.

[751] San Pedro de Montes, 79, p. 166.

[752] San Pedro de Montes, 94, p. 181.

[753] San Pedro de Montes, 97, p. 184.

[754] San Pedro de Montes, 110, p. 198.

[755] San Pedro de Montes, 106, 107, 113, 117, and 121, pp. 194, 195, 202, 208, and 213.

[756] San Pedro de Montes, 127, 131, 132, and 135, p. 221, 225, 226, and 230.

[757] Rodríguez González ´Concubina…Jimena Muñiz´, p. 164, citing Ayala Martínez, C. (1995) Libro de privilegios de la Orden de San Juan de Jerusalén en Castilla y León (siglos XII-XV) (Madrid), doc. 21.

[758] Rodríguez González ´Concubina…Jimena Muñiz´, p. 164, citing Ayala Martínez (1995), doc. 22.

[759] Sandoval, P. de (1792) Historia de los reyes de Castilla y de León, Vol. I, p. 347.

[760] Rodríguez González ´Concubina…Jimena Muñiz´, p. 166, quoting text of inscription now in Museo de San Marcos de León.

[761] Cadenas Allende, F. 'Los Flagínez: una familia leonesa de hace mil años', Estudios genealógicos, heráldicos y nobiliarios en honor de Vicente Cadenas y Vicent, I (Madrid, 1978), pp. 177-221, 202.

[762] Torres (1999), pp. 135-6.

[763] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 9, p. 19.

[764] Ibn Hayyan, Crónica del califa Abdarrahman III an-Nasir entre los años 941 y 942, trad. M. J. Viguera and P. Corriente (Zaragoza, 1981) ["Al-Muqtabis V]", p. 244, cited in Torres (1999), p. 135.

[765] San Pedro de Montes, 1, p. 79.

[766] San Pedro de Montes, 6, p. 87 (classified as spurious by the editor).

[767] Ubieto Arteta, A. (ed.) (1981) Cartulario de Albelda (Zaragoza) ("Albelda"), 9, p. 19.

[768] Albelda 15, p. 24.

[769] Albelda 16, p. 25.

[770] Sahagún, Tomo I, 175.

[771] Sahagún, Tomo I, 179.

[772] Sahagún, Tomo I, 255.

[773] CDS, docs. 284, 290, 313.

[774] Sahagún, Tomo I, 179.

[775] CDS, doc. 84.

[776] Ibn Hayyan, Crónica del califa Abdarrahman III an-Nasir entre los años 941 y 942, trad. M. J. Viguera and P. Corriente (Zaragoza, 1981) ["Al-Muqtabis V]", p. 244, cited in Torres (1999), p. 135.

[777] Ibn Hayyan, Crónica del califa Abdarrahman III an-Nasir entre los años 941 y 942, trad. M. J. Viguera and P. Corriente (Zaragoza, 1981) ["Al-Muqtabis V]", p. 244, cited in Torres (1999), p. 135.

[778] San Pedro de Montes, 6, p. 87 (classified as spurious by the editor).

[779] CDS, doc. 84.

[780] Torres (1999), p. 135.

[781] Sahagún, Tomo I, 107.

[782] CDS, docs. 114 and 130.

[783] Torres (1999), pp. 135-6.

[784] Sahagún, Tomo I, 107.

[785] Sahagún, Tomo I, 328.

[786] CDS, docs. 201 and 213.

[787] CDS, doc. 279.

[788] Torres (1999), p. 137.

[789] Torres (1999), p. 136.

[790] Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 181.

[791] Sahagún (Index), 787, p. 181.

[792] Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 180.

[793] Sahagún (Index), 787, p. 181.

[794] CCL, doc. 44 V, cited in Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 181.

[795] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 352.

[796] Sahagún (Index), 787, p. 181.

[797] Sahagún (Index), 787, p. 181.

[798] Sahagún (Index), 787, p. 181.

[799] Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 180.

[800] Sahagún (Index), 787, p. 181.

[801] Sahagún, Tomo I, 328.

[802] Sahagún, Tomo I, 328.

[803] Sahagún, Tomo I, 328.

[804] Sahagún (Index), 787, p. 181.

[805] Torres (1999), p. 154.

[806] Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 185, the author implying that the parents are not linked explicity with their supposed daughter in the document he cites.

[807] Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 185.

[808] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 352.

[809] Collección documental del archivo de la Catedral de León (775-1230), ed. E. Sáez (León, 1987) ["CCL"], doc. 1083, cited in Torres (1999), p. 154.

[810] Casado Lobato, M. C. (1983) Colección diplomática del monasterio de Carrizo I (969-1260) (León), 2 (Regestalia).

[811] Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 186.

[812] Casado Lobato, M. C. (1983) Colección diplomática del monasterio de Carrizo I (969-1260) (León), 2 (Regestalia).

[813] Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 186.

[814] Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 187.

[815] Canal Sánchez-Pagín, J.M. 'El Conde Leonés Don Fruela Díaz y su Esposa, la Navarra Doña Estefanía Sánchez (siglos XI-XII)', Príncipe de Viana 47 (1986), 3, p. 38.

[816] Cadenas Allende (1978), pp. 189-90.

[817] Otero, doc. 176, cited in Torres (1999), p. 157.

[818] CDS, doc. 1024, cited in Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 188.

[819] Sahagún (Index), 1118, p. 258.

[820] Sahagún (Index), 1051, p. 243.

[821] Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 188.

[822] Sahagún (Index), 1081, p. 249.

[823] Sahagún (Index), 1089, p. 251.

[824] Sahagún (Index), 1118, p. 258.

[825] Sahagún (Index), 1051, p. 243.

[826] Sahagún (Index), 1081, p. 249.

[827] Sahagún (Index), 1089, p. 251.

[828] CDS, docs. 702. 713, 766, cited in Torres (1999), p. 157.

[829] Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 189.

[830] Sahagún (Index), 1051, p. 243.

[831] Sahagún (Index), 1051, p. 243.

[832] Sahagún (Index), 787, p. 181.

[833] CCL, doc. 44 V, cited in Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 181.

[834] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXXXVIII, p. 217.

[835] Sahagún (Index), 827, p. 190.

[836] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XC, p. 221.

[837] Cadenas Allende (1978), pp. 181-2.

[838] Sahagún (Index), 827, p. 190.

[839] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 183, p. 180.

[840] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 183, p. 180.

[841] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice LXXXII, p. 417.

[842] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.

[843] Torres (1999), p. 144.

[844] Eslonza, Part I, V, p. 8.

[845] CCL, doc. 1136, cited in Torres (1999), p. 145.

[846] CCL, doc. 1136, cited in Torres (1999), p. 145.

[847] Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 183.

[848] Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 183.

[849] Sahagún (Index), 1238, p. 285.

[850] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 412.

[851] Torres (1999), p. 146.

[852] Torres (1999), p. 145.

[853] Blanco, P. (ed.) 'Colección diplomática de Fernando I (1037-1065)', Archivos Leoneses, 79-80 (1986) ["CDF"], pp. 7-212, doc. 53, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 144.

[854] Sahagún (Index), 1037, p. 239.

[855] CCL, doc. 1237, cited in Torres (1999), p. 344.

[856] Torres (1999), p. 144.

[857] Salazar Acha, J. de 'Una familia de la Alta Edad Media: Los Velas y su realidad historica', Estudios Genealógicos y Heráldicos (Asociación Española de Estudios Genealógicos y Heráldicos, Madrid, 1985), p. 38.

[858] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice LXXXII, p. 417.

[859] Sahagún (Index), 1172, p. 270.

[860] Sahagún (Index), 1172, p. 270.

[861] Sahagún (Index), 1239, p. 285.

[862] Sahagún (Index), 1172, p. 270.

[863] Sahagún (Index), 1348, p. 310.

[864] Sahagún (Index), 1348, p. 310.

[865] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice LXXXII, p. 417.

[866] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.

[867] García Larragueta (1962) Colección de Documentos de la Catedral de Oviedo (Oviedo), docs. 51 and 55, quoted in Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 30.

[868] Carriedo, M. 'La ascendencia de doña Jimena Díaz, mujer del Cid', Boletín del Instituto de Estudios Asturianos, 113 (1984), pp. 999-1016, 1012, cited in Torres (1999), p. 194.

[869] García Larragueta (1962) Colección de Documentos de la Catedral de Oviedo (Oviedo), docs. 51 and 55, quoted in Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 30.

[870] Fernández Conde, F. J., Torrente Fernández, I, and de la Noval Menéndez, G., El monasterio de San Pelayo de Oviedo. Historia y Fuentes, I. Collección diplomatica (996-1325) (Oviedo, 1978), doc. 5, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 194.

[871] CDF, docs. 47 and 48, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 195.

[872] CCO, doc. 60, cited in Torres (1999), p. 195.

[873] Eslonza, Part I, V, p. 8.

[874] CCO, doc. 87, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 193.

[875] Fernández Conde, F. J., Torrente Fernández, I, and de la Noval Menéndez, G., El monasterio de San Pelayo de Oviedo. Historia y Fuentes, I. Collección diplomatica (996-1325) (Oviedo, 1978), doc. 5, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 194.

[876] Libro Registro de Corias ["LRC"], I, p. 110, cited in Torres (1999), p. 200.

[877] Eslonza, Part I, V, p. 8.

[878] "Corónicas" Navarras 2.23, p. 45.

[879] Silos 19, p. 21.

[880] Anales Toledanos II, España Sagrada XXIII, p. 416.

[881] SVO, doc. XCII, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 194.

[882] Menéndez Pidal, R. La España del Cid, II, p. 725, cited in Torres (1999), p. 194.

[883] Serrano, L. (ed.) (1907) Cartulario del Infantado de Covarrubias, Fuentes para la Historia de Castilla por los pp. benedictinos de Silos, Tomo II (Silos) ("Infantado de Covarrubias"), VII, p. 13.

[884] Zabalza Duque (1998), pp. 458 and 489.

[885] Ubieto, A. Cartulario de San Juan I, doc. 55, cited in Torres (1999), p. 394.

[886] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XC, p. 425.

[887] Guerrero Lafuente, D, & Álvarez Castillo, A. ´Los inicios del monacato en Palencia: Santa Eufemia de Cozuelos´, Actas del III Congreso de Historia de Palencia (1995), Tome II, 5, p. 182.

[888] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XC, p. 425.

[889] Guerrero Lafuente & Álvarez Castillo ´Santa Eufemia de Cozuelos´, Tome II, 5, p. 182.

[890] Blanco, P. Fernando I, doc. 50, cited in Torres (1999), p. 396.

[891] Salazar y Castro, L. (1694) Pruebas de la Casa de Lara (Madrid) ("Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas"), p. 6.

[892] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 408, p. 384.

[893] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 376 bis, p. 403.

[894] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 49, p. 45.

[895] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 57, p. 50.

[896] Reilly, B. F. (1988) The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI 1065-1109 (Princeton University Press), in the Library of Iberian Resources Online, available at http://libro.uca.edu/alfonso6/alfonso.htm [7 Dec 2002], Chapter 9, p. 165.

[897] Annales Compostellani, España Sagrada XXIII, p. 321.

[898] Sánchez de Mora, A. (2003) La nobleza castellana en la plena edad media: el linaje de Lara (ss. XI-XIII), Tesis doctoral (Sevilla), Tomo I, p. 49, available at <http://fondosdigitales.us.es/public_thesis/271/6559.pdf> (2 Apr 2008), citing García Turza Valvanera, no. 69 (1074) and Garrido Catedral de Burgos nos. 82 and 83 (1107).

[899] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 142, p. 100.

[900] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 49, citing García Turza Valvanera, no. 69 (1074) and Garrido Catedral de Burgos nos. 82 and 83 (1107).

[901] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[902] Álamo, J. del Oña, no. 88 and 90, cited in Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 49.

[903] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 49, citing García Turza Valvanera, no. 69 (1074) and Garrido Catedral de Burgos nos. 82 and 83 (1107).

[904] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[905] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 49, citing García Turza Valvanera, no. 69 (1074) and Garrido Catedral de Burgos nos. 82 and 83 (1107).

[906] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[907] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 49, citing García Turza Valvanera, no. 69 (1074) and Garrido Catedral de Burgos nos. 82 and 83 (1107).

[908] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 49, citing García Turza Valvanera, no. 69 (1074) and Garrido Catedral de Burgos nos. 82 and 83 (1107).

[909] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[910] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 49, citing García Turza Valvanera, no. 69 (1074) and Garrido Catedral de Burgos nos. 82 and 83 (1107).

[911] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[912] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 142, p. 100.

[913] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 49, citing García Turza Valvanera, no. 69 (1074) and Garrido Catedral de Burgos nos. 82 and 83 (1107).

[914] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, VIII, p. 38.

[915] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, VIII, p. 38.

[916] Guerrero Lafuente & Álvarez Castillo ´Santa Eufemia de Cozuelos´, Tome II, 5, p. 182.

[917] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 376 bis, p. 403.

[918] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CXIII, p. 438.

[919] SMC, II, 49 and 57, cited in Torres (1999), p. 396.

[920] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 49, p. 45.

[921] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 57, p. 50.

[922] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice CXIII, p. 438.

[923] Birth date range estimated from the estimated birth date of his son Pedro, and his first known subscription in 1075.

[924] Oña 109, cited in Doubleday, S. R. (2001) The Lara Family (Harvard University Press), p. 140 footnote 47.

[925] Sandoval, P. de (1634) Historia de los Reyes de Castilla y de León (Pamplona), fols. 20. 35, 67-9, cited in Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 34.

[926] Menéndez Pidal La España del Cid, p. 810, cited in and adopted by Torres (1999), pp. 217 and 219.

[927] Torres (1999), p. 219.

[928] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 62.

[929] Santa María del Puerto, nos. 27 and 55, cited in Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 51.

[930] Reilly (1982) Chapter 10, p. 283.

[931] Santa María del Puerto, nos. 27 and 55, cited in Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 51.

[932] Santa María del Puerto, no. 33, cited in Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 51.

[933] CCL, doc. 802, quoted in Torres (2000), p. 112.

[934] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 76.

[935] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 352.

[936] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XC, p. 221.

[937] CCL, doc. 1002, quoted in Torres (2000), p. 117.

[938] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 76.

[939] The order of birth of these children is uncertain. The five children listed in the Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 76, are, in order, Alfonso, Pelayo, Vermudo, Sancho and Jimena.

[940] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 76.

[941] Samos, doc. 54, and CCL, doc. 1201, cited in Torres (2000), p. 118.

[942] Archivo Histórico Nacional, códice 267-B, folio 82v, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 43.

[943] Archivo Histórico Nacional, códice 267-B, folio 150v, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 43.

[944] Biblioteca Nacional, ms. 18.387, folio 237v, escrituras de Samos, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 43.

[945] Samos, doc. 54, quoted in Torres (2000), p. 118.

[946] Sahagún (Index), 1478, p. 340.

[947] Samos, docs. 220 and 192, respectively, quoted in Torres (2000), p. 124.

[948] Sahagún (Index), 1478, p. 340.

[949] Samos, doc. 22, quoted in Torres (2000), p. 124.

[950] Sahagún (Index), 1478, p. 340.

[951] Samos, doc. 54, quoted in Torres (2000), p. 124.

[952] Sahagún (Index), 1478, p. 340.

[953] Biblioteca Nacional, ms. 18.387, folio 237v, escrituras de Samos, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 43.

[954] Samos, doc. 54, quoted in Torres (2000), p. 118.

[955] CCL, doc. 1330, quoted in Torres (2000), p. 118.

[956] CCL, docs. 1002 and 1003, cited in Torres (2000), p. 119.

[957] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 76.

[958] CDS, doc. 608, cited in Torres (2000), p. 119.

[959] Sahagún (Index), 1107, p. 256.

[960] Sahagún (Index), 1112, p. 257.

[961] Sahagún (Index), 1138, p. 262.

[962] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura CXXXVIII, p. 505.

[963] Sahagún (Index), 1138, p. 262.

[964] Sahagún (Index), 1521, p. 350.

[965] Sahagún (Index), 1521, p. 350.

[966] Sahagún (Index), 1138, p. 262.

[967] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura CXXXVIII, p. 505.

[968] Sahagún (Index), 1138, p. 262.

[969] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura CXXXVIII, p. 505.

[970] Sahagún (Index), 1138, p. 262.

[971] CDS, doc. 763, quoted in Torres (2000), p. 128.

[972] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 76.

[973] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 76.

[974] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XCVII, p. 245.

[975] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XCVIII, p. 248.

[976] Samos, doc. 187, cited in Torres (2000), p. 120.

[977] Sahagún (Index), 1283, p. 297.

[978] Sahagún (Index), 1283, p. 297.

[979] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 76.

[980] CCL, doc. 1146, and an unpublished manuscript, respectively, quoted in Torres (2000), pp. 120 and 126.

[981] Samos, doc. 245, quoted in Torres (2000), p. 117.

[982] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 76.

[983] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 76.

[984] Los Certales, P. (ed.) (1976) Tumbos del monasterio de Sobrado de los monjes, 2 vols. (Madrid), ["Sobrado"], II, doc. 75, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 120.

[985] Torres (1999), p. 102.

[986] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XC, p. 221.

[987] Floriano, A. C. (1966) Colección Diplomática del monasterio de Belmonte (Oviedo), 2 (Regestalia).

[988] CCL, doc. 1054, cited in Torres (1999), p. 102.

[989] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 77.

[990] Lucas Tudensis, Liber IV, p. 89.

[991] Floriano, A. C. (1966) Colección Diplomática del monasterio de Belmonte (Oviedo), 2 (Regestalia).

[992] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 77.

[993] Floriano, A. (1950) El Libro Registro de Corias (Oviedo) (“Corias”), 286, p. 83, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 44.

[994] Floriano Cumbreño, A. (1947) El monasterio de Cornellana, p. 180, quoted in Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 45.

[995] CCO, doc. 118, cited in Torres (1999), p. 103.

[996] CCO, doc. 118, cited in Torres (1999), p. 103.

[997] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XCVII, p. 245.

[998] Archivo Histórico Nacional, códice 267-B, folio 82v, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 43.

[999] Salazar Acha 'Los Velos', p. 52.

[1000] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 77.

[1001] Bernard, A. and Bruel, A. (eds.) (1876-1903) Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny (Paris), Tome IV, 3492, p. 604, and IV.3507, p. 622.

[1002] Annales Compostellani, España Sagrada XXIII, p. 321.

[1003] Serrano, L. (ed.) (1925) Cartulario de San Pedro de Arlanza (Madrid) (“Arlanza”), LXXXIV, p. 159.

[1004] CCO, doc. 85, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 108.

[1005] CCO, docs. 95 and 109, cited in Torres (1999), p. 102.

[1006] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 77.

[1007] CCO, doc. 58, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 110.

[1008] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XCVII, p. 245.

[1009] CCO, doc. 66, cited in Torres (1999), p. 108.

[1010] CCO, doc. 58, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 110.

[1011] CDS, doc. 615, cited in Torres (1999), p. 109.

[1012] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 77.

[1013] CCO, doc. 58, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 110.

[1014] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XCVII, p. 245.

[1015] San Pedro de Montes, 27, p. 113.

[1016] San Pedro de Montes, 85, p. 171.

[1017] San Pedro de Montes, 85, p. 171.

[1018] CCO, doc. 107, cited in Torres (1999), p. 109.

[1019] Libro Registro de Corias, I, p. 92, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 110.

[1020] Libro Registro de Corias, I, p. 92, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 110.

[1021] Chronicon Regum Legionensium, p. 77.

[1022] CCO, doc. 58, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 110.

[1023] CCO, doc. 110, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 110.

[1024] García García, M. E. 'El conde asturiano Gonzalo Peláez', Asturiensia medievalia 2 (1975), pp. 39-64, 44-6, cited in Torres (1999), p. 111.

[1025] Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris I, 4, pp. 164-5.

[1026] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 415.

[1027] Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris I, 30 and 31, pp. 177 and 178.

[1028] Barton (2002), p. 259.

[1029] Barton (2002), p. 259.

[1030] Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris I, 4, p. 164.

[1031] CCO, doc. 110, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 110-1.

[1032] SVO, doc. CLXXXI, cited in Torres (1999), p. 111. This appointment is not shown in Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 415.

[1033] Arlanza, XIV, p. 40.

[1034] Arlanza, XIV, p. 40.

[1035] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 59.

[1036] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XXVI, p. 381.

[1037] Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 374.

[1038] Infantado de Covarrubias, VII, p. 13.

[1039] Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 419.

[1040] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 58, and Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 539.

[1041] Santillana del Mar, 43 (Regestalia).

[1042] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 59.

[1043] Santillana del Mar, 87 (Regestalia).

[1044] Pérez de Urbel (1969/70), Vol. III, p. 59.

[1045] Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 419.

[1046] Carlé, M. C. 'Gran propiedad y grandes propietarios', Cuadernos de Historia de España LVII-LVIII (1973), pp. 1-221, 182, cited in Torres (1999), p. 274.

[1047] CDS, docs. 318 and 353.

[1048] CDS, doc. 386, cited in Torres (1999), p. 277.

[1049] Jusué, E. (1912) Libro de la Regla o Cartulario de la antigua abadia de Santillana del Mar (Madrid) ("Santillana del Mar"), 44 (Regestalia).

[1050] Santillana del Mar, 44 (Regestalia).

[1051] Martínez Sopena, P. 'Parentesco y poder en León durante el siglo XI. La "casata" de Alfonso Díaz´, Studia Historica, Historia Medieval No. 5 (1987), p. 70.

[1052] Martínez Sopena 'Parentesco y poder´, p. 36.

[1053] Sahagún (Index), 915, p. 211.

[1054] Martínez Sopena 'Parentesco y poder´, p. 70, citing Ruiz Asencio Colección diplomática de la catedral de León, no. 830.

[1055] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice LXXXII, p. 417.

[1056] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura LXXXVI, p. 455.

[1057] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.

[1058] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura XCIV, p. 463.

[1059] Martínez Sopena 'Parentesco y poder´, p. 70, citing Herrero Sahagún, no. 59.

[1060] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura LXXXVI, p. 455.

[1061] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura XCIV, p. 463.

[1062] Sahagún (Index), 997, p. 230.

[1063] Sahagún (Index), 1041, p. 240.

[1064] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 353.

[1065] Sahagún (Index), 1041, p. 240.

[1066] Sahagún (Index), 1162, p. 268.

[1067] CDS, doc. 608, cited in Torres (2000), p. 119.

[1068] Sahagún (Index), 1107, p. 256.

[1069] Sahagún (Index), 1112, p. 257.

[1070] Sahagún (Index), 1138, p. 262.

[1071] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura CXXXVIII, p. 505.

[1072] Sahagún (Index), 1107, p. 256.

[1073] Sahagún (Index), 1103, p. 255.

[1074] Sahagún (Index), 1107, p. 256.

[1075] Sahagún (Index), 1103, p. 255.

[1076] Sahagún (Index), 1103, p. 255.

[1077] Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 184.

[1078] Sahagún (Index), 1107, p. 256.

[1079] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 185, p. 128.

[1080] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.

[1081] Torres (1999), pp. 217-18.

[1082] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 185, p. 128.

[1083] Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 62.

[1084] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 157, p. 111.

[1085] Sahagún (Index), 1023, p. 236.

[1086] Sahagún (Index), 1074, p. 248.

[1087] Martínez Sopena 'Parentesco y poder´, p. 70, citing Ruiz Asencio León, no. 830.

[1088] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXXXVIII, p. 217.

[1089] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XC, p. 221.

[1090] Martínez Sopena 'Parentesco y poder´, p. 70, citing Ruiz Asencio León, no. 830.

[1091] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice LXXXII, p. 417.

[1092] Sahagún (Index), 898, p. 207.

[1093] Sahagún (Index), 1010, p. 233.

[1094] Sahagún (Index), 1010, p. 233.

[1095] Sahagún (Index), 1010, p. 233.

[1096] Sahagún (Index), 898, p. 207.

[1097] Sahagún (Index), 1010, p. 233.

[1098] Sahagún (Index), 1139, p. 263.

[1099] Martínez Sopena 'Parentesco y poder´, p. 70, citing Ruiz Asencio León, no. 830.

[1100] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice LXXXII, p. 417.

[1101] Sahagún (Index), 867, p. 199.

[1102] Sahagún (Index), 910, p. 209.

[1103] Sahagún (Index), 932, p. 216.

[1104] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XCIV, p. 428.

[1105] Sahagún (Index), 867, p. 199.

[1106] Sahagún (Index), 910, p. 209.

[1107] Sahagún (Index), 923, p. 213.

[1108] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura XCI, p. 460.

[1109] Sahagún (Index), 932, p. 216.

[1110] Guerrero Lafuente & Álvarez Castillo ´Santa Eufemia de Cozuelos´, Tome II, 6, p. 182.

[1111] Arlanza, LV, p. 114.

[1112] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 292, p. 282.

[1113] Sahagún (Index), 990, p. 228.

[1114] Sahagún (Index), 1026, p. 237.

[1115] Sahagún (Index), 1058, p. 244.

[1116] Sahagún (Index), 1079, p. 249.

[1117] España Sagrada XXVII, VI, p. 455.

[1118] Sahagún (Index), 1084, p. 250.

[1119] Sahagún (Index), 1135, p. 262.

[1120] Sahagún (Index), 1173, p. 270.

[1121] Sahagún (Index), 932, p. 216.

[1122] Sahagún (Index), 960, p. 221.

[1123] Sahagún (Index), 960, p. 221.

[1124] Sahagún (Index), 1078, p. 248.

[1125] Sahagún (Index), 1253, p. 289.

[1126] Sahagún (Index), 1283, p. 297.

[1127] Sahagún (Index), 1286, p. 297.

[1128] Sahagún (Index), 1302, p. 300.

[1129] Sahagún (Index), 1308, p. 302.

[1130] Sahagún (Index), 1309, p. 302.

[1131] Sahagún (Index), 1370, p. 314.

[1132] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XCVII, p. 245.

[1133] Nájera Santa María 25, p. 45.

[1134] Sahagún (Index), 1203, p. 277.

[1135] Pérez Celada, J. A. (ed.) (1986) Documentación del monasterio de San Zoilo de Carrion 1047-1300 (Palencia) (“San Zoilo de Carrión”) 11, p. 24.

[1136] Sahagún (Index), 1228, p. 282.

[1137] Cluny Tome IV, 3492, p. 604.

[1138] San Zoilo de Carrión 19, p. 35.

[1139] Mañueco Villalobos, M. & Zurita Nieto, J. (1917) Documentos de la Iglesia Colegial de Santa María la Mayor de Valladolid (Valladolid) ("Valladolid Santa María"), Tome I, I, p. 1.

[1140] Silos 21, p. 27.

[1141] Sahagún (Index), 1228, p. 282.

[1142] San Zoilo de Carrión, 15, p. 30.

[1143] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura CXXXIV, p. 501.

[1144] Considering the marriage dates of the couple's daughters, this marriage must have taken place around [1065].

[1145] Sahagún (Index), 1078, p. 248.

[1146] Guerrero Lafuente & Álvarez Castillo ´Santa Eufemia de Cozuelos´, Tome II, 6, p. 182.

[1147] Arlanza, LV, p. 114.

[1148] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 292, p. 282.

[1149] Sahagún (Index), 990, p. 228.

[1150] Sahagún (Index), 1026, p. 237.

[1151] Sahagún (Index), 1058, p. 244.

[1152] Sahagún (Index), 1079, p. 249.

[1153] Sahagún (Index), 1079, p. 249.

[1154] Sahagún (Index), 1135, p. 262.

[1155] Sahagún (Index), 990, p. 228.

[1156] Sahagún (Index), 1059, p. 244.

[1157] Sahagún (Index), 1449, p. 333.

[1158] Sahagún (Index), 1449, p. 333.

[1159] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 33.

[1160] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 33 footnote 52.

[1161] Corias, information supplied by Mara González Morejón in a private email to the author dated 18 Apr 2008.

[1162] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXXXVIII, p. 217.

[1163] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XC, p. 221.

[1164] Corias, information supplied by Mara González Morejón in a private email to the author dated 18 Apr 2008.

[1165] Corias, information supplied by Mara González Morejón in a private email to the author dated 18 Apr 2008.

[1166] Corias, information supplied by Mara González Morejón in a private email to the author dated 18 Apr 2008.

[1167] Corias, information supplied by Mara González Morejón in a private email to the author dated 18 Apr 2008.

[1168] Corias, information supplied by Mara González Morejón in a private email to the author dated 18 Apr 2008.

[1169] Corias, information supplied by Mara González Morejón in a private email to the author dated 18 Apr 2008.

[1170] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 125 (Regestalia).

[1171] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), 3 (Regestalia).

[1172] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 70 (Regestalia).

[1173] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 125 (Regestalia).

[1174] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 132 (Regestalia).

[1175] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 171 (Regestalia).

[1176] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 33 footnote 52.

[1177] Cartulario de Santo Toribio de Liébana, ed. L. Sánchez Belda (Madrid, 1948) ["STL"], doc. 38, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 236.

[1178] STL, doc. 70, cited in Torres (1999), p. 237.

[1179] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XCVII, p. 245.

[1180] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 190, p. 190.

[1181] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 190, p. 190.

[1182] Fortún Pérez de Ciriza, L. J. ´La quiebra de la soberanía navarra en Álava, Guipúzcoa y el Duranguesado (1199-1200)´, Revista internacionál de estudios vascos, 45, 2, 2000, p. 465.

[1183] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 241 and 268, pp. 235 and 261.

[1184] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 190, p. 190.

[1185] Martín Duque, Á. J. ´Vasconia en la Alta Edad Media. Somera aproximación histórica´, Revista Internacional de Estudios Vascos 44 (1999), p. 895.

[1186] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 10, p. 16.

[1187] Nájera Santa María 23, p. 43.

[1188] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 76, p. 62.

[1189] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 103, p. 77.

[1190] Silos 24, p. 30.

[1191] Pamplona 75, p. 96.

[1192] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 5, p. 12.

[1193] Sánchez de Mora, A. (2003) La nobleza castellana en la plena edad media: el linaje de Lara (ss. XI-XIII), Tesis doctoral (Sevilla), Tomo I, p. 49, available at <http://fondosdigitales.us.es/public_thesis/271/6559.pdf> (2 Apr 2008), citing García Turza Valvanera, no. 69 (1074) and Garrido Catedral de Burgos nos. 82 and 83 (1107).

[1194] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[1195] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[1196] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[1197] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 17, p. 22.

[1198] Fortún Pérez de Ciriza, L. J. ´La quiebra de la soberanía navarra en Álava, Guipúzcoa y el Duranguesado (1199-1200)´, Revista internacionál de estudios vascos, 45, 2, 2000, p. 442.

[1199] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 209, p. 144.

[1200] Pamplona 55, p. 80.

[1201] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 299, p. 200.

[1202] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[1203] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 5, p. 12.

[1204] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 10, p. 16.

[1205] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 44, p. 41.

[1206] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 76, p. 62.

[1207] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 103, p. 77.

[1208] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 187, p. 130.

[1209] RAH, Colección Salazar y Castro, M-7, fo 22 v a 23 v (no. 46917).

[1210] Cartulario de Burgos, information supplied by Mara González Morejón in a private email to the author dated 13 Mar 2008.

[1211] Cartulario de Cardeña, information supplied by Mara González Morejón in a private email to the author dated 13 Mar 2008.

[1212] Serrano, L. (ed.) (1906) Colección diplomática de San Salvador de El Moral, Fuentes para la Historia de Castilla por los pp. benedictinos de Silos, Tomo I (Silos) ("San Salvador de El Moral"), III, p. 31.

[1213] CDS, docs. 1075, 1083 and 1085, cited in Torres (1999), p. 106. This appointment is not named in Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 413.

[1214] CCO, doc. 128, cited in Torres (1999), pp. 107 and 379.

[1215] Silos 32, p. 46.

[1216] CCO, doc. 128, cited in Torres (1999), pp. 107 and 379.

[1217] San Millán de la Cogolla II, 5, p. 12.

[1218] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, I, p. 1.

[1219] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, XXIII, p. 70.

[1220] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, I, p. 1.

[1221] CCO, doc. 112, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 107.

[1222] SVO, docs. CI and CX, cited in Torres (1999), p. 378.

[1223] SVO, docs. CVII, CX, CXII, cited in Torres (1999), p. 378.

[1224] Eslonza, Part II, LIX, p. 100.

[1225] Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris I, 32, p. 178.

[1226] Eslonza, Part I, IX, p. 19.

[1227] Collección diplomática del monasterio de San Vicente de Oviedo, ed. P. Floriano Llorente (Oviedo, 1968) ["SVO"], doc. CCV, cited in Torres (1999), p. 384.

[1228] San Salvador de El Moral, III, p. 31.

[1229] San Salvador de El Moral, III, p. 31.

[1230] Torres (1999), p. 88.

[1231] San Salvador de El Moral, VII, p. 41.

[1232] San Salvador de El Moral, XI, p. 51.

[1233] San Salvador de El Moral, XIII, p. 58.

[1234] Torres (1999), pp. 236-9.

[1235] Martínez Díez, G. ´La familia condal de Carrión´, Actas del III Congreso de Historia de Palencia (1995), Tome II, p. 551.

[1236] Martínez Díez ´La familia condal de Carrión´, Tome II, p. 554.

[1237] Sahagún, Tomo I, 93.

[1238] Sahagún, Tomo I, 97.

[1239] Sahagún, Tomo I, 99.

[1240] Martínez Díez ´La familia condal de Carrión´, Tome II, p. 560, citing Pérez de Urbel, J. (1945) Historia del condado de Castilla (Madrid), Vol. I, p. 468, Montenegro Valentín, J. (1993) Santa María de Piasca. Estudio de un territorio a través de un centro monástico (857-1252) (Valladolid), p. 166, and Justiniano Rodríguez, J. (1972) Ramiro II rey de León (Madrid), p. 427 (none yet consulted).

[1241] Sahagún, Tomo I, 93.

[1242] Martínez Díez ´La familia condal de Carrión´, Tome II, p. 560, citing Montenegro Valentín, J. (1993) Santa María de Piasca. Estudio de un territorio a través de un centro monástico (857-1252) (Valladolid), p. 166 (not yet consulted).

[1243] Sahagún, Tomo I, 176.

[1244] Torres (1999), p. 247.

[1245] Zabalza Duque (1998), pp. 130-1.

[1246] Zabalza Duque (1998), pp. 174 and 229.

[1247] Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 174.

[1248] Martínez Díez ´La familia condal de Carrión´, Tome II, p. 554, quoting Viguera y Corriente (trans.) (1981) Ibn Hayyan, Crónica del califa Abdarrahman III, An-Nasir, entre los años 912 and 942 (Al Muqtabis V) (Zaragoza), p. 244.

[1249] Martínez Díez ´La familia condal de Carrión´, Tome II, p. 555.

[1250] Martínez Díez ´La familia condal de Carrión´, Tome II, p. 555, citing Rodríguez Fernández, J. (1972) Ramiro II rey de León (Madrid), p. 620 (not yet consulted).

[1251] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, XV, p. 460.

[1252] Sahagún, Tomo I, 76.

[1253] Sahagún, Tomo I, 93.

[1254] Cronica de Sampiro 23, in Historia Silense (Pérez), p. 167.

[1255] Torres (1999), p. 211.

[1256] Sahagún, Tomo I, 98.

[1257] Sahagún, Tomo I, 99.

[1258] Sahagún, Tomo I, 129.

[1259] Sahagún, Tomo I, 132.

[1260] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, XV, p. 460.

[1261] Martínez Díez ´La familia condal de Carrión´, Tome II, p. 559.

[1262] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, XV, p. 460.

[1263] Torres (1999), p. 245.

[1264] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, XV, p. 460.

[1265] Sahagún, Tomo I, 176.

[1266] Sahagún, Tomo I, 261.

[1267] CDS, docs. 284, 290, 331, 333 and 334

[1268] Sahagún, Tomo I, 288.

[1269] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura LXXXIV, p. 452.

[1270] Sahagun II, 444, p. 100, quoted in Salazar y Acha, J. de ´Urraca, Un nombre egregio en la onomástica altomedieval´, En la España medieval, Anejo I, 2006, p. 36, available at <http://www.ucm.es/BUCM/revistasBUC/portal/modulos.php?name=Revistas2_Historico&id=ELEM&num=ELEM060622> (10 Feb 2008).

[1271] Sahagún, Tomo I, 318.

[1272] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[1273] Torres (1999), pp. 259-61.

[1274] Torres (1999), p. 266.

[1275] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura LXXXIV, p. 452.

[1276] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura LXXXIV, p. 452.

[1277] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[1278] Torres (1999), p. 265.

[1279] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[1280] Torres (1999), pp. 268-9.

[1281] Muñoz Romero (1847), Tome I, p. 47.

[1282] Torres (1999), p. 344.

[1283] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura LXXXI, p. 449.

[1284] Fernández Flórez, J, A. ´San Salvador de Nogal en la documentación del monasterio de Sahagún (1059-1230)´, Actas del II Congreso de Historia de Palencia (1990), Tome II, 2, p. 155 (extract only in Spanish translation).

[1285] San Salvador de Oña (1950) I, 8, p. 11.

[1286] Salazar y Acha, J. de ´Urraca, Un nombre egregio en la onomástica altomedieval´, En la España medieval, Anejo I, 2006, p. 36, available at <http://www.ucm.es/BUCM/revistasBUC/portal/modulos.php?name=Revistas2_Historico&id=ELEM&num=ELEM060622> (10 Feb 2008), citing Salazar y Acha, J. de ´Una hija desconocida de Sancho el Mayor, Reina de León´, Principe de Viana anejo 8 1988.

[1287] Sahagún (Pérez), Lib. I, cap. VIII.3, p. 44, quoting "Cax.16.leg.8.n.28".

[1288] Chronicon Sampiri, Asturicensis Episcopi, 28, España Sagrada, Tomo XIV, p. 471.

[1289] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[1290] Sánchez Belda, L. (ed.) (1948) Cartulario de Santo Toribio de Liébana (Madrid), 81, p. 95, cited in Salazar y Acha ´Urraca´.

[1291] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura LXXVIII, p. 447.

[1292] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura LXXVIII, p. 447.

[1293] Ruiz Asencio, J. M. and Ruiz Albi, I. (2000) Colección documental del monasterio de San Román de Entrepeñas (940-1608) (León), 2 (Regestalia).

[1294] Sahagún (Index), 897, p. 206.

[1295] Eslonza, Part I, V, p. 8.

[1296] Martínez Díez ´La familia condal de Carrión´, Tome II, p. 578.

[1297] Martínez Díez ´La familia condal de Carrión´, Tome II, p. 577, quoting Herrero de la Fuente, M. Colección diplomática del monasterio de Sahagún, Vol. II, 406.

[1298] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, XV, p. 460.

[1299] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 36.

[1300] CDS, doc. 279.

[1301] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, XV, p. 460.

[1302] CDS, docs 284, 290, 293, 313, 333 and 334.

[1303] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[1304] Sahagún, Tomo I, 333.

[1305] Celanova III, 229, p. 48.

[1306] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[1307] Sahagún, Tomo I, 284, 290 and 331.

[1308] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[1309] Sahagún, Tomo I, 333.

[1310] CCL, doc. 425, cited in Torres (1999), p. 246.

[1311] Sahagún, Tomo I, 284 and 313.

[1312] Sahagún, Tomo I, 255.

[1313] Sahagún, Tomo I, 286.

[1314] Zabalza Duque (1998), p. 329.

[1315] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 408.

[1316] Sahagún, Tomo I, 255.

[1317] Sahagún, Tomo I, 284 and 290.

[1318] Sahagún, Tomo I, 284, 290 and 331.

[1319] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[1320] CCL, doc. 461, cited in Torres (1999), p. 71.

[1321] Martínez Díez ´La familia condal de Carrión´, Tome II, p. 579, citing Carle, M. del C ´Gran propiedad y grandes propietarios´, Cuadernos de Historia de España, 57-58 (1973), p. 187 (not yet consulted).

[1322] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[1323] Ruiz Asencio, J. M. and Ruiz Albi, I. (2000) Colección documental del monasterio de San Román de Entrepeñas (940-1608) (León), 2 (Regestalia).

[1324] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura LXXVIII, p. 447.

[1325] Ruiz Asencio, J. M. and Ruiz Albi, I. (2000) Colección documental del monasterio de San Román de Entrepeñas (940-1608) (León), 2 (Regestalia).

[1326] Sahagún (Index), 897, p. 206.

[1327] Eslonza, Part I, V, p. 8.

[1328] Sahagún (Index), 897, p. 206.

[1329] Sahagún (Index), 897, p. 206.

[1330] Sahagún (Index), 1066, p. 246.

[1331] Sahagún (Index), 1066, p. 246.

[1332] Torres (1999), pp. 366-8.

[1333] Torres (1999), p. 371.

[1334] CCL, doc. 993, cited in Torres (1999), p. 371.

[1335] Torres (1999), p. 373.

[1336] CCL, doc. 970, quoted in Torres (1999), pp. 74 and 358.

[1337] CCL, docs. 851 and 856, cited in Torres (1999), p. 372.

[1338] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura CXXI, p. 486.

[1339] Sahagún (Index), 914, p. 210.

[1340] Sahagún (Index), 1000, p. 230.

[1341] Sahagún (Index), 1061, p. 245.

[1342] Sahagún (Index), 1106, p. 255.

[1343] Pérez, J., Romualdo Escalona, F. (1782) Historia del real monasterio de Sahagun (Madrid) ("Sahagún (Pérez)"), Apéndice III, Escritura CXXI, p. 486.

[1344] España Sagrada XVI, XVIII, p. 460.

[1345] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura XCI, p. 460.

[1346] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XC, p. 221.

[1347] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXXXVIII, p. 217.

[1348] España Sagrada XXVII, VI, p. 455.

[1349] Sahagún (Index), 853, p. 196.

[1350] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura XCI, p. 460.

[1351] Arlanza, LV, p. 114.

[1352] Sahagún (Index), 853, p. 196.

[1353] Sahagún (Index), 835, p. 192.

[1354] Sahagún (Index), 853, p. 196.

[1355] Sahagún (Index), 853, p. 196.

[1356] Sahagún (Index), 867, p. 199.

[1357] España Sagrada XVI, XVIII, p. 460.

[1358] Sahagún (Index), 910, p. 209.

[1359] Sahagún (Index), 923, p. 213.

[1360] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura XCI, p. 460.

[1361] Sahagún (Index), 932, p. 216.

[1362] Guerrero Lafuente & Álvarez Castillo ´Santa Eufemia de Cozuelos´, Tome II, 6, p. 182.

[1363] Arlanza, LV, p. 114.

[1364] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 292, p. 282.

[1365] Sahagún (Index), 990, p. 228.

[1366] Sahagún (Index), 1026, p. 237.

[1367] Sahagún (Index), 1058, p. 244.

[1368] Sahagún (Index), 1079, p. 249.

[1369] España Sagrada XXVII, VI, p. 455.

[1370] Sahagún (Index), 1084, p. 250.

[1371] Sahagún (Index), 1135, p. 262.

[1372] Sahagún (Index), 1173, p. 270.

[1373] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 408.

[1374] España Sagrada XVI, XVIII, p. 460.

[1375] Torres (1999), p. 371.

[1376] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[1377] Sahagún, Tomo I, 331.

[1378] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura LXXXIX, p. 458.

[1379] Sahagún (Index), 1028, p. 238.

[1380] Sahagún (Index), 1031, p. 238.

[1381] Sahagún (Index), 1091, p. 252.

[1382] Sahagún (Index), 1095, p. 253.

[1383] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura LXXXIX, p. 458.

[1384] Sahagún (Index), 1028, p. 238.

[1385] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura LXXXIX, p. 458.

[1386] Sahagún (Index), 1028, p. 238.

[1387] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura LXXXIX, p. 458.

[1388] Sahagún (Index), 1028, p. 238.

[1389] Sahagún (Index), 1031, p. 238.

[1390] Sahagún (Index), 1091, p. 252.

[1391] Sahagún (Index), 1095, p. 253.

[1392] Sahagún (Index), 1028, p. 238.

[1393] Sahagún (Index), 1031, p. 238.

[1394] Sahagún (Index), 1028, p. 238.

[1395] Sahagún (Index), 1031, p. 238.

[1396] Sahagún (Index), 1091, p. 252.

[1397] Sahagún (Index), 1028, p. 238.

[1398] Sahagún (Index), 1031, p. 238.

[1399] Sahagún (Index), 1091, p. 252.

[1400] Sahagún (Index), 1293, p. 298.

[1401] Sahagún (Index), 1028, p. 238.

[1402] Sahagún (Index), 1031, p. 238.

[1403] Sahagún (Index), 1091, p. 252.

[1404] Sahagún, Tomo I, 261.

[1405] Torres (1999), p. 341.

[1406] Sahagún, Tomo I, 261.

[1407] Martínez Díez ´La familia condal de Carrión´, Tome II, p. 584, citing Núñez Contreras, L. ´Collección diplomática de Vermudo III, rey de León´, Historia, Instituciones, Documentos, 4 (1978), doc. 19 (not yet consulted).

[1408] Fernández Flórez ´San Salvador de Nogal´ (1990), Tome II, 2, p. 155 (extract only in Spanish translation).

[1409] Fernández Flórez ´San Salvador de Nogal´ (1990), Tome II, 2, p. 155 (extract only in Spanish translation).

[1410] Calleja Puerta, M. ´Noticias documentales del archivo capitular de la catedral de Oviedo (ss. IX-XII)´, Acta Historica et archaeologica. Medievalia 25 (2003-2004) (Universidad de Barcelona), pp. 541-70, n^o. 9 (Regestalia).

[1411] Calleja Puerta, M. ´Noticias documentales del archivo capitular de la catedral de Oviedo (ss. IX-XII)´, Acta Historica et archaeologica. Medievalia 25 (2003-2004) (Universidad de Barcelona), pp. 541-70, n^o. 7 (Regestalia).

[1412] Fernández Flórez ´San Salvador de Nogal´ (1990), Tome II, 2, p. 155 (extract only in Spanish translation).

[1413] Fernández Flórez ´San Salvador de Nogal´ (1990), Tome II, 2, p. 155 (extract only in Spanish translation).

[1414] Martínez Díez ´La familia condal de Carrión´, Tome II, p. 584, citing Núñez Contreras, L. ´Collección diplomática de Vermudo III, rey de León´, Historia, Instituciones, Documentos, 4 (1978), doc. 19 (not yet consulted).

[1415] Martínez Díez ´La familia condal de Carrión´, Tome II, p. 584, citing Núñez Contreras, L. ´Collección diplomática de Vermudo III, rey de León´, Historia, Instituciones, Documentos, 4 (1978), doc. 19 (not yet consulted).

[1416] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice LXXXII, p. 417.

[1417] San Zoilo de Carrión, 1, p. 3.

[1418] Sáez 'Episcopologio', chart 5, cited in Torres (1999), p. 312.

[1419] López Sangil, J. L. (2002) La nobleza altomedieval gallega, La familia Froilaz-Traba (Toxosoutos).

[1420] Sáez 'Episcopologio', chart 5, cited in Torres (1999), p. 312.

[1421] Loscertales de Valdeavellano, P. (1976) Tumbos del Monasterio de Sobrado de los Monjes, Vol. 1. doc. 423, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 313.

[1422] Fletcher, R. A. (1984) St James's catapult: the life and times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela, (Oxford), pp. 34-5, cited in Barton (2002), p. 278.

[1423] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, XVIII, p. 56.

[1424] Pedro Barcelos, Tit. VII, Pereiras, 30 p. 63.

[1425] Historia Compostelana, España Sagrada XX, p. 82.

[1426] Barton (2002), Appendix 3, I, p. 308.

[1427] Historia Compostelana, España Sagrada XX, p. 82.

[1428] López Ferreiro (1900), Tomo III, Apéndice, XVIII, p. 56.

[1429] Barton (2002), Appendix 3, I, p. 308.

[1430] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', pp. 20-1.

[1431] Ximénez de Rada, R. Historia de los hechos de España (Madrid, 1989).

[1432] Torres (2000), pp. 44-5, citing Rodríguez Marquina, J. 'La familia de la madre de Sancho el Mayor de Navarra', Archivos Leoneses 49 (1971), pp. 143-50, 145, Cotarelo, A. (1981) Alfonso III el Magno (Madrid), p. 246, and García Pellegrín, J. (1991) Studien zum Hochadel der Königreiche León und Kastilien in Hochmittelalter (Münster), p. 17 among others.

[1433] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 23.

[1434] Pérez Soler, M. D. (ed.) (1970) Cartulario de Valpuesta (Valencia) 10, p. 28.

[1435] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', pp. 20-4.

[1436] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', pp. 20-4.

[1437] Martínez Díez, G. (ed.) (1998) Colección documental del Monasterio de S. Pedro de Cardeña (Burgos) (“San Pedro de Cardeña”), information supplied by Mara González Moréjon in a private email to the author dated 16 Apr 2008.

[1438] Sahagún, Tomo I, 101.

[1439] Floriano, A. (1950) El Libro Registro de Corias (Oviedo) (“Corias”), 536, p. 166, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, pp. 28-9.

[1440] Corias, 536, p. 166, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, pp. 28-9.

[1441] Corias, 536, p. 166, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, pp. 28-9.

[1442] Corias, 478, p. 150, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, pp. 28-9.

[1443] Sahagún, Tomo I, 101.

[1444] Sahagún, Tomo I, 101.

[1445] Corias, 536, p. 166, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, pp. 28-9.

[1446] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', pp. 29-30.

[1447] Corias, 481, p. 151, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, pp. 28-9.

[1448] Corias, 530, p. 164, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 30.

[1449] García Larragueta (1962) Colección de Documentos de la Catedral de Oviedo (Oviedo), docs. 51 and 55, quoted in Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 30.

[1450] Corias, 536, p. 166, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, pp. 28-9.

[1451] Corias, 536, p. 166, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, pp. 28-9.

[1452] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 31.

[1453] Corias, 478, p. 150, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, pp. 28-9.

[1454] Sahagún, Tomo I, 129.

[1455] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 349.

[1456] CCL, doc. 109, doc. 211, and doc. 220, respectively, cited in Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', pp. 32-3.

[1457] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 33.

[1458] Sahagún, Tomo I, 290.

[1459] Sahagún, Tomo I, 323.

[1460] CCL, doc. 970, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 358.

[1461] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 33.

[1462] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 33.

[1463] Sahagún, Tomo I, 98.

[1464] Sahagún, Tomo I, 99.

[1465] Sahagún, Tomo I, 101.

[1466] Sahagún, Tomo I, 61.

[1467] Sahagún, Tomo I, 98.

[1468] Sahagún, Tomo I, 99.

[1469] Sahagún, Tomo I, 101.

[1470] Sahagún, Tomo I, 285.

[1471] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 26.

[1472] Sahagún, Tomo I, 61.

[1473] CCL, doc. 128, cited in Torres (2000), p. 50.

[1474] Sahagún, Tomo I, 98.

[1475] Sahagún, Tomo I, 99.

[1476] Sahagún, Tomo I, 101.

[1477] García Álvarez, Ruben 'Ordoño IV de León, un rey impuesto por Castilla', Archivos Leoneses 21 (1967), p. 206+, cited in Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 26.

[1478] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 26.

[1479] Sahagún, Tomo I, 101.

[1480] Sahagún, Tomo I, 145, 146 and 147.

[1481] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 27.

[1482] Sahagún, Tomo I, 101.

[1483] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 27.

[1484] Sahagún, Tomo I, 61.

[1485] Sahagún, Tomo I, 61.

[1486] Sahagún, Tomo I, 98.

[1487] Sahagún, Tomo I, 99.

[1488] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 27.

[1489] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 27.

[1490] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 28.

[1491] Sahagún, Tomo I, 61.

[1492] Sahagún, Tomo I, 24.

[1493] Sahagún, Tomo I, 98.

[1494] Sahagún, Tomo I, 99.

[1495] Sahagún, Tomo I, 104, and Torres (1999), p. 53.

[1496] Sahagún, Tomo I, 101.

[1497] Sahagún, Tomo I, 114.

[1498] Sahagún, Tomo I, 129.

[1499] Sahagún, Tomo I, 145.

[1500] Sahagún, Tomo I, 104, and Torres (1999), p. 53.

[1501] Sahagún, Tomo I, 114.

[1502] Sahagún, Tomo I, 145.

[1503] Sahagún, Tomo I, 114.

[1504] Sahagún, Tomo I, 145.

[1505] CCL, doc. 330, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 62.

[1506] Sahagún, Tomo I, 255.

[1507] Sahagún, Tomo I, 261.

[1508] Sahagún, Tomo I, 271.

[1509] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 350.

[1510] Sahagún, Tomo I, 283.

[1511] Sahagún, Tomo I, 286.

[1512] Sahagún, Tomo I, 271.

[1513] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 36.

[1514] Sahagún, Tomo I, 283.

[1515] Sahagún, Tomo I, 279.

[1516] Sahagún, Tomo I, 271.

[1517] Sahagún, Tomo I, 283.

[1518] Torres (1999), p. 68.

[1519] Carlé, M. C. 'Gran Propiedad y grandes propietarios', Cuadernos de Historia de España, LVII-LVIII (1973), pp. 1-221, 204, cited in Torres (1999), p. 72.

[1520] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 38.

[1521] Torres (1999), p. 72.

[1522] Torres (1999), p. 72.

[1523] Torres (1999), p. 75.

[1524] CCL, doc. 970, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 74.

[1525] Torres (1999), p. 78.

[1526] Sahagún, Tomo I, 271.

[1527] Sahagún, Tomo I, 283.

[1528] Domínguez Sánchez, S. ´Colección documental del monasterio de Vega (921-1499)´, Colección documental medieval de los monasterios de San Claudio de León, monasterio de Vega y San Pedro de las Dueñas (León, 2001), pp. 105-403, 4 (Regestalia).

[1529] Domínguez Sánchez, S. ´Colección documental del monasterio de Vega (921-1499)´, Colección documental medieval de los monasterios de San Claudio de León, monasterio de Vega y San Pedro de las Dueñas (León, 2001), pp. 105-403, 4 (Regestalia).

[1530] Cartulario del monasterio de Vega, doc. 4, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 66, who agrees with Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', pp. 38-9, that in this case "abo" should be interpreted more broadly as ancestor.

[1531] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 313, p. 301.

[1532] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 316, p. 304.

[1533] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 270, p. 264.

[1534] Carlé 'Gran Propiedad', p. 192, cited in Salazar Acha 'Las Velas', p. 38.

[1535] Carlé 'Gran Propiedad', p. 192, cited in Salazar Acha 'Las Velas', p. 38.

[1536] Carlé 'Gran Propiedad', p. 186, cited in Salazar Acha 'Las Velas', p. 38.

[1537] CCL, doc. 1002, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 69.

[1538] Leire 9, p. 22.

[1539] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 108, p. 117.

[1540] Siresa 12, p. 33.

[1541] Vignau Ballester. V. (ed.) (1885) Cartulario del monasterio de Eslonza (Madrid) ("Eslonza"), Part I, V, p. 8.

[1542] Leire 13, p. 29.

[1543] Pamplona 7, p. 29.

[1544] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 185, p. 182.

[1545] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXXXIX, p. 219.

[1546] Sahagún, Tomo I, 279.

[1547] Sahagún, Tomo I, 114.

[1548] Sahagún, Tomo I, 114.

[1549] Sahagún, Tomo I, 328.

[1550] Sahagún, Tomo I, 107.

[1551] Sahagún, Tomo I, 283.

[1552] Torres (1999), p. 58 footnote 87.

[1553] Sahagún, Tomo I, 283.

[1554] Sahagún, Tomo I, 283.

[1555] Sahagún, Tomo I, 283.

[1556] Sahagún, Tomo I, 285.

[1557] Sahagún, Tomo I, 285.

[1558] Álvarez Palenzuela, V. A. 'La nobleza del reino de León en la alta edad media', El reino de León en la lata edad media, VII, (León, 1995), quoted in Torre Sevilla, pp. 58-9, the latter considering that Vermudo, father of Gonzalo Vermúdez, was not Vermudo Núñez. Gonzalo Vermúdez is not mentioned by Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 35, among the possible children of Vermudo Núñez.

[1559] Torres (1999), p. 95 footnote 326.

[1560] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura LXXXIV, p. 452.

[1561] Torres (1999), pp. 259-61.

[1562] Sahagún, Tomo I, 283.

[1563] Sánchez Belda, L. (1953) Documentos Reales de la Edad Media referentes a Galicia (Madrid), 138, cited in Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', pp. 40-1.

[1564] Biblioteca Nacional. Mancuscrito num. 18.387 “Escrituras de varios Monasterios”, folio 243, cited in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 41.

[1565] TNL, f. 63 r/v, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 169.

[1566] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 41.

[1567] Biblioteca Nacional. Mancuscrito num. 18.387 “Escrituras de varios Monasterios”, folio 243, cited in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 41.

[1568] Biblioteca Nacional. Mancuscrito num. 18.387 “Escrituras de varios Monasterios”, folio 243, cited in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 41.

[1569] Biblioteca Nacional. Mancuscrito num. 18.387 “Escrituras de varios Monasterios”, folio 243, cited in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 41.

[1570] Biblioteca Nacional. Mancuscrito num. 18.387 “Escrituras de varios Monasterios”, folio 243, cited in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 41.

[1571] Biblioteca Nacional. Mancuscrito num. 18.387 “Escrituras de varios Monasterios”, folio 243, cited in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 41.

[1572] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 41.

[1573] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 41.

[1574] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 41.

[1575] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 41.

[1576] Sahagún (Index), 1172, p. 270.

[1577] Sahagún (Index), 1186, p. 273.

[1578] Sahagún (Index), 1232, p. 283.

[1579] Sahagún (Index), 1234, p. 284.

[1580] Sahagún (Index), 1237, p. 284.

[1581] Sahagún (Index), 1250, p. 288.

[1582] Sahagún (Index), 1294, p. 299.

[1583] Sahagún (Index), 1172, p. 270.

[1584] Sahagún (Index), 1186, p. 273.

[1585] Sahagún (Index), 1234, p. 284.

[1586] Sahagún (Index), 1237, p. 284.

[1587] Sahagún (Index), 1250, p. 288.

[1588] Sahagún (Index), 1294, p. 299.

[1589] Sahagún (Index), 1186, p. 273.

[1590] Sahagún (Index), 1237, p. 284.

[1591] Sahagún (Index), 1244, p. 287.

[1592] Sahagún (Index), 1294, p. 299.

[1593] Sahagún (Index), 1172, p. 270.

[1594] Sahagún (Index), 1192, p. 275.

[1595] Sahagún (Index), 1239, p. 285.

[1596] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, LXXXVIII, p. 217.

[1597] Biblioteca Nacional. Mancuscrito num. 18.387 “Escrituras de varios Monasterios”, folio 243, cited in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 41.

[1598] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 42.

[1599] TNL, ff. 88v-89r, and TNL, ff. 105v-106r, respectively, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 170.

[1600] TNL, f. 111 r/v, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 169. The doubts about the correct translation are discussed on p. 170 footnote 847.

[1601] TNL, ff. 105v-106r, quoted in Torres (1999), p. 169.

[1602] Menéndez Pidal, La España del Cid, Tomo II, p. 850, cited in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 41.

[1603] Reilly (1982), pp. 190 and 197.

[1604] Menéndez Pidal, La España del Cid, Tomo II, p. 850, cited in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 41.

[1605] Archivo Histórico Nacional, códice 267-B, folio 82v, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 43.

[1606] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 43.

[1607] Archivo Histórico Nacional, códice 267-B, folio 82v, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 43.

[1608] Archivo Histórico Nacional, códice 267-B, folio 82v, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 43.

[1609] Archivo Histórico Nacional, códice 267-B, folio 150v, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 43.

[1610] Biblioteca Nacional, ms. 18.387, folio 237v, escrituras de Samos, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, p. 43.

[1611] Colección Diplomática de Galicia Histórica, LXX, p. 290.

[1612] Colección Diplomática de Galicia Histórica, LXX, p. 290.

[1613] Colección Diplomática de Galicia Histórica, LXX, p. 290.

[1614] Sahagún, Tomo I, 333.

[1615] Mattoso (1994), p. 141.

[1616] Portugaliæ Monumenta Historica, Diplomata et Chartæ, Vol. I (Lisbon, 1868), Fasc. I, Pars I, CLXVIII, p. 103.

[1617] Sahagún, Tomo I, 196.

[1618] Salazar Acha 'Los Velas', p. 31.

[1619] Corias, 536, p. 166, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, pp. 28-9.

[1620] Corias, 536, p. 166, quoted in Salazar Acha ´Los Velas´, pp. 28-9.

[1621] García Leal, A. (1998) Colección Diplomatica del monasterio de San Juan de Corias (Universidad de Oviedo), p. 125 (Regestalia).

[1622] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, III, p. 449.

[1623] Yepes (1617), Tomo VI, Apendix, III, p. 449.

[1624] Sahagún, Tomo I, 9.

[1625] Celanova I, 72, p. 151.

[1626] Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 406.

[1627] Sahagún, Tomo I, 328 and 342.

[1628] Sahagún, Tomo I, 328.

[1629] CCO, docs. 81 and 66, cited in Torres (1999), p. 101.

[1630] Abajo Martín, M. T. (1986) Documentación de la Catedral de Palencia 1035-1247 (Palencia) ("Palencia"), 8, p. 21.

[1631] Palencia, 8, p. 21.

[1632] Berganza (1721) Secunda parte, Appendice XC, p. 425.

[1633] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[1634] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[1635] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[1636] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[1637] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[1638] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[1639] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[1640] Salazar y Castro (Lara), Pruebas, p. 6.

[1641] Palencia, 8, p. 21.

[1642] Palencia, 8, p. 21.

[1643] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 183, p. 180.

[1644] Barton (2002), p. 51.

[1645] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 183, p. 180.

[1646] Sahagún (Index), 827, p. 190.

[1647] San Millán de la Cogolla I, 183, p. 180.

[1648] Sahagún (Index), 1283, p. 297.

[1649] Sahagún (Index), 960, p. 221.

[1650] Sahagún (Index), 1078, p. 248.

[1651] Sahagún (Index), 1253, p. 289.

[1652] Sahagún (Index), 1283, p. 297.

[1653] Sahagún (Index), 1286, p. 297.

[1654] Sahagún (Index), 1302, p. 300.

[1655] Sahagún (Index), 1308, p. 302.

[1656] Sahagún (Index), 1309, p. 302.

[1657] Sahagún (Index), 1370, p. 314.

[1658] Sahagún (Index), 1283, p. 297.

[1659] Sahagún (Index), 1062, p. 245.

[1660] Sahagún (Index), 1062, p. 245.

[1661] Sahagún (Index), 1196, p. 275.

[1662] Sahagún (Pérez), Apéndice III, Escritura XCIII, p. 462.

[1663] Sahagún (Index), 1192, p. 275.

[1664] Sahagún (Index), 1051, p. 243.

[1665] Sahagún (Index), 1081, p. 249.

[1666] Sahagún (Index), 1089, p. 251.

[1667] Sahagún (Index), 1118, p. 258.

[1668] Sahagún (Index), 1215, p. 279.

[1669] Sahagún (Index), 1215, p. 279.

[1670] Sahagún, Tomo I, 333, and Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 406.

[1671] Sahagún, Tomo I, 333, and Salazar y Acha (2000), p. 406.

[1672] Silos 24, p. 30.

[1673] Silos 24, p. 30.

[1674] Casado Lobato, M. C. ´Indumentaria en la España cristiana del s. XI´, RDTP, XXXII/1-4 (1976), pp. 130-1, cited in García Leal, A. ´Los condes Fruela Muñoz y Pedro Flaínez: la formación de un patrimonio señorial´, Anuario de Estudios Medievales 36/1 (Jan/Jun 2006), p. 7.

[1675] Prieto Prieto, A. 'El conde Fruela Muñoz: un asturiano del siglo XI', Asturiensia Medievalia 2 (1975), p. 7, cited in García Leal ´Los condes Fruela Muñoz y Pedro Flaínez´, p. 7, citing García Leal, El Registro de Corias, Oviedo, RIDEA, 2000, fol. 30rB5.

[1676] Carlé, M. del C. Gran propiedad y pequeños propietarios, CHE, 57-58, p. 199, cited in García Leal ´Los condes Fruela Muñoz y Pedro Flaínez´, p. 7.

[1677] Prieto 'El conde Fruela Muñoz', pp. 11-37, cited in Barton (2002), p. 245, and Torres (1999), p. 160.

[1678] López Ferreiro (1899), Tomo II, Apéndice, XC, p. 221.

[1679] García Leal ´Los condes Fruela Muñoz y Pedro Flaínez´, p. 9, citing Archivo Histórico Diocesano de León, fondo Otero de las Dueñas ("Otero"), no. 166.

[1680] Date of her parents' marriage, Cadenas Allende (1978), p. 190.

[1681] Canal Sánchez-Pagín 'El conde leonés don Fruela Díaz', 3, p. 38.

[1682] Canal Sánchez-Pagín 'El conde leonés don Fruela Díaz', 3, p. 38.

[1683] Cadenas Allende (1978), pp. 189-90.

[1684] Casado Lobato ´Indumentaria´, pp. 130-1, cited in García Leal ´Los condes Fruela Muñoz y Pedro Flaínez´, p. 7.

[1685] Corias, information supplied by Mara González Morejón in a private email to the author dated 18 Apr 2008.

[1686] García Leal ´Los condes Fruela Muñoz y Pedro Flaínez´, p. 9, citing Otero, no. 166.

[1687] Ruiz Asencio, J. M. ´Documentos y Códices Altomedievales de San Román de Entrepeñas´, Actas del I Congreso de Historia de Palencia (1987), Tome II, 6, p. 35 (extract only in Spanish translation).

[1688] Ruiz Asencio ´Documentos de San Román de Entrepeñas´, Tome II, 7, pp. 35-6 (extract only in Spanish translation), commenting that the document was a 16th century forgery using the previous document of the same date as a model.