Apart from the county of Toulouse itself, during the 9th to 12th centuries the counts of Toulouse extended their jurisdiction over the counties of Albi, Quercy and Rouergue/Rodez to the east and north of Toulouse, the county of Comminges to the west, the counties of Agde/Béziers, Carcassonne/Narbonne, Foix, Melgueil/Substantion to the south-east, and the counties of Gévaudan, Nîmes and Uzès further to the east. This situation, where a count was suzerain of other counts, was unique at that time in medieval France, although the county of Champagne later developed along similar lines. The process was achieved in three stages. Firstly, during the mid-9th century, the counties of Albi and Rouergue passed to the counts of Toulouse, either by inheritance or grant. Secondly, in [918] the comtes de Toulouse succeeded to the marquisate of Gothie (Septimanie), which had controlled much of Languedoc-Roussillon. In the case of the counties within the marquisate, the other counts were therefore vassals of the comte de Toulouse in his capacity as marquis de Gothie, although the title had fallen into disuse by the end of the 10th century. Lastly, the counts of Toulouse inherited the marquisate of Provence at the end of the 11th century, extending their jurisdiction eastwards.

Each of these counties is dealt with in a separate chapter in the present document. Background information on each group of noble families is included in the introduction to each chapter.

An earlier version of this document was reviewed in detail by Jean-Claude Chuat, whose contributions are marked "[J.-C. Chuat]" in the end-notes. I am grateful for his helpful collaboration.

Chapter 1. COMTES d'AGDE

The history of the county of Agde is obscure. The cartulary of Agde, which includes 137 charters dated between 824 and 1147, refers to the "comitatu Agathense" in nearly every document but there is no mention of a "Comte d'Agde". An isolated reference has been found to Count Apollonius dated to 872. It is assumed that, during this period, the bishop of Agde acquired and maintained temporal power in the county of Agde, acting through the vicomtes d´Agde (who were also vicomtes de Béziers), although it has not been possible to confirm this hypothesis from the primary sources which have so far been consulted during the preparation of this document. Some time during the mid-10th century, it is likely that the county of Agde fell under the influence of the comtes de Rouergue, as indicated by a charter dated 2 Jul 972 which records a hearing at Nîmes by "Raymondus comes et marchio" relating to "ecclesiam Sancti Martini…in comitatu Agatense"[1], although it is not entirely certain whether the document refers to Raymond [II] Comte de Rouergue or to the shadowy Raymond IV Comte de Toulouse. On the death in [1063/64] of Berthe, grand-daughter of Comte Raymond [II], without direct heirs, the counties within the sphere of influence of the comtes de Rouergue (assessed to be Agde/Béziers, Narbonne, Rouergue and Uzès) reverted to Guillaume IV Comte de Toulouse. Comte Guillaume IV is referred to as "Guillelmus Tolonanensium, Albensium seu Caturcensium, Lutevensium, Petragorensium, Carcassonensium, Aginnensium necne Astarachensium comes et dux" in a charter dated 16 Jun 1080 by which he confirmed earlier donations to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières[2]. The extent of the influence of the comtes de Toulouse in the county of Agde must have been limited in the early 12th century, as demonstrated by Bernard Vicomte de Béziers swearing allegiance to the Bishop of Agde, not the comte de Toulouse, under a charter dated [1101][3]. The end of the semi-autonomous vicomté d´Agde can probably be dated to 2 May 1214 when Bernard Athon [VI] Vicomte de Nîmes et d´Agde transferred his vicomtés to Simon de Montfort[4]. When the titles and counties held by the latter reverted to the comtes de Toulouse in 1217, it is assumed that whatever temporal power he enjoyed in the county of Agde was also transferred.

A. COMTES d'AGDE

1. APOLLONIUS (-after 23 Sep 872). Comte d´Agde. "Apollonius comes" donated property to the church of Agde by charter dated 23 Sep 872[5].

B. VICOMTES de BEZIERS et d´AGDE

The town of Beziers was governed by a vicomte from the mid-9th century. No references have yet been found to “comtes” de Beziers and it is assumed that the area never evolved as a separate county but formed part of the county of Agde, probably under the suzerainty of the bishop of Agde as discussed in the Introduction to this chapter. Another possibility is that the vicomte de Béziers may have been vassals of the comtes de Carcassonne, as a charter dated 1007 refers to a donation to "Raimundo comiti", identified as the comte de Carcassonne[6], although it is of course possible that the vicomte owed allegiance both to the bishop and to the comte for different territories within his viscomté.

The family relationship. if any, between the first seven vicomtes de Béziers shown below cannot be traced. However, the repetition of the names Rainard and Guillaume suggest that they may have been related, although it cannot be assumed that this was through a straight father to son agnatic line. On the death in 1067 of Raymond Roger [II] Comte de Carcassonne, the vicomté of Beziers was inherited by Raymond Roger´s sister Ermengarde who married Raymond Bernard "Trencavel" Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes. Subsequent vicomtes de Béziers are shown in Part C of this chapter. Early in the 11th century, the vassal relationship of the vicomtes de Beziers appears to have changed, as "Bernardus vicecomes" swore allegiance to Bernard Bishop of Agde under a charter dated [1101][7]. There is no indication in the cartulary precisely how or when the change may have occurred. The family of the vicomtes de Béziers became extinct in the male line with the death in 1263 of Vicomte Trencavel, when the vicomté was transferred to the French kingdom in accordance with an agreement made by the last vicomte in 1247.

1. ANTOINE, son of [WANDREGISIL of Aquitaine & his wife Marie ---] (-after 30 Jan 845). The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (possibly spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Bernarthi…Athonis nunc Palliavensis comitis…Antonii hodie vicecomitis Bitterrensis…idemque Asinarii nunc etiam Lupiniacensis ac Solensis vicecomitis" as sons of "Vandregisilus comes consanguineus noster…" & his wife[8], although the name "Antoine" seems atypical of the time. Vicomte de Beziers. “Antonii vicecomitis Bitterensis” is named as founder of the abbey of Saint-Antoine de Lezat in an oration of the abbey[9]. m ADOIRA, daughter of ---. The charter of Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated 30 Jan 845 (possibly spurious, as explained in the Introduction) names "Adoyra" as wife of "Antonii hodie vicecomitis Bitterrensis"[10].

2. RAINARD [I] (-[Jul/Dec] 897). Carloman King of the West Franks granted "Aspiranum et Albinianum villas in Biterrensi pago sitas…et ecclesiam…sancti Felicis…in villa Calobrice" to "fidelum nostrum Rainardum" donated property to the church of Agde by charter dated 29 Aug 881[11]. Vicomte de Béziers. "Fructuarium…Bitterensis ecclesiæ episcopum" exchanged property "in comitatu Avinionensi…villam…Tavellis cum ecclesiis Sancti Petri…et Sancti Ferreoli" with "Rainardum eiusdem comitatus vicecomitem et uxoris eius Didam" in return for "villam…Aspiranum cum ecclesia Sancti Romani…et in villare Albiniano" by charter dated 16 Jul 897, subscribed by "Arsindis, Bosoni…"[12]. m DIDA, sister of BOSON Bishop of Agde, daughter of --- (-after 897). "Fructuarium…Bitterensis ecclesiæ episcopum" exchanged property "in comitatu Avinionensi…villam…Tavellis cum ecclesiis Sancti Petri…et Sancti Ferreoli" with "Rainardum eiusdem comitatus vicecomitem et uxoris eius Didam" in return for "villam…Aspiranum cum ecclesia Sancti Romani…et in villare Albiniano" by charter dated 16 Jul 897[13].

3. BOSON (-920). "Arsindis, Bosoni…" subscribed the charter dated 16 Jul 897 under which "Fructuarium…Bitterensis ecclesiæ episcopum" exchanged property "in comitatu Avinionensi…villam…Tavellis cum ecclesiis Sancti Petri…et Sancti Ferreoli" with "Rainardum eiusdem comitatus vicecomitem et uxoris eius Didam" in return for "villam…Aspiranum cum ecclesia Sancti Romani…et in villare Albiniano"[14]. It is likely that "Bosoni" was the same person who is recorded as Rainard [I]´s successor as Vicomte de Béziers. The fact that his name follows "Arsindis" in the list of subscribers suggests that she was considered more senior in rank. One explanation could be that Arsinde was the daughter of Vicomte Rainard [I] and Boson was her husband. Vicomte de Béziers et d'Agde. A charter dated 897 records an enquiry made by "Boso vicecomes Biterrensis et Agathensis"[15]. 920.

4. THEUDON (-936 or after). Vicomte [de Béziers]. "Teudo et Odo vicecomites" donated property to the church of Béziers Saint-Nazaire as executors of the testament of "quondam domni Reginardi episcopi Biterrensis" by charter dated 19 Mar 933[16].

5. EUDES (-after 19 Mar 933). Vicomte [de Béziers]. "Teudo et Odo vicecomites" donated property to the church of Béziers Saint-Nazaire as executors of the testament of "quondam domni Reginardi episcopi Biterrensis" by charter dated 19 Mar 933[17].

6. GUILLAUME [I] . Vicomte [d'Agde]. "Rainardo, Guillelmo vice comite…" subscribed the charter dated 3 Nov 956 under which "Udalfreda…et…filia mea Berta" donated property "in regno Provincie, in comitatu Venaxino, in villa Beduino…et in villa Vacidolo", naming "viro meo Gaucelino"[18].

7. RAINARD [II] (-[6 Mar 967/23 Oct 969], bur Saint-Jacques). 956. Vicomte de Béziers. "Rainardus vicecomes" signed a charter dated 6 Mar 967 under which "Aldo et uxor mea Sesenauda" exchanged property with Bernard Bishop of Béziers[19]. A charter dated 23 Oct 969 records the execution of the testament of "Reginardi vicecomitis" by his executors "…Garsindis vicecomitissa…", specifying that the testator requested burial "ad ecclesiam Sancti Jacobi", with the consent of "Willelmus vicecomes"[20]. m GARSINDIS, daughter of --- (-after 23 Oct 969). A charter dated 23 Oct 969 records the execution of the testament of "Reginardi vicecomitis" by his executors "…Garsindis vicecomitissa…", specifying that the testator requested burial "ad ecclesiam Sancti Jacobi", with the consent of "Willelmus vicecomes"[21]. Rainard [II] & his wife had [one] child:

a) [GUILLAUME [II] ([945]-after 21 Jul 1007). The proof that Guillaume [II] was the son of Rainard [II] has not been found. However, his consent to the execution of his supposed father´s testament, and his naming his daughter after his supposed mother, strongly suggest that the affiliation is correct. "Diaz, femina, et vir meus Isimbertus consentiens" donated property "in comitatu Agathensi in…villa Pineto", specifying that the property came to them "ex commutatione de Guillelmo vicecomite et de uxore sua Ermetructes", by charter dated 7 Apr 967[22]. Vicomte de Béziers. A charter dated 23 Oct 969 records the execution of the testament of "Reginardi vicecomitis" by his executors "…Garsindis vicecomitissa…", specifying that the testator requested burial "ad ecclesiam Sancti Jacobi", with the consent of "Willelmus vicecomes"[23]. "Willelmo vicecomite" is named as present in the charter dated 20 Sep 983 which publishes the testament of Pons[24]. "Willelmus vicecomes et uxor mea Ermetructis vicecomitissa" donated property "in comitatu Biterrense villa…Lignano" to the church of Béziers by charter dated 24 Aug 977[25]. "Dominus Willelmus vicecomes Biterrensis", on leaving on pilgrimage for Rome, and "uxor sua Arsindis" relinquished claims in favour of the abbey of Saint-Thibéry by charter dated 28 Feb 990[26]. The testament of "Guillelmus vicecomes", dated 990, appointed "…Arsindis vicecomitissa…" among his executors and named "filia sua Garsindis…filia mea Senegundis"[27]. "Guillelmus vicecomes et uxor mea…Arsindis" exchanged property with Matfred Bishop of Béziers by charter dated 17 Aug 994[28]. "Ratulfus et uxor mea Lugrizia…" gave property "in comitatu Agathense in villa Almas" to "Raimundo comiti et uxore tue Garsindi comitisse" by charter dated 21 Jul 1007, which also names "Guillelmo vicecomes" but gives no indication of any relationship between the latter and Garsindis[29]. m firstly ERMENTRUDE, daughter of --- (-after 24 Aug 977). "Diaz, femina, et vir meus Isimbertus consentiens" donated property "in comitatu Agathensi in…villa Pineto", specifying that the property came to them "ex commutatione de Guillelmo vicecomite et de uxore sua Ermetructes", by charter dated 7 Apr 967[30]. "Willelmus vicecomes et uxor mea Ermetructis vicecomitissa" donated property "in comitatu Biterrense villa…Lignano" to the church of Béziers by charter dated 24 Aug 977[31]. m secondly (before 28 Feb 990) ARSINDE de Carcassonne, daughter of ROGER [I] de Comminges Comte de Carcassonne & his wife Adelais --- (965-after 12 Aug 993). "Dominus Willelmus vicecomes Biterrensis", on leaving on pilgrimage for Rome, and "uxor sua Arsindis" relinquished claims in favour of the abbey of Saint-Thibéry by charter dated 28 Feb 990[32]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. The testament of "Guillelmus vicecomes", dated 990, appointed "…Arsindis vicecomitissa…" among his executors and named "filia sua Garsindis…filia mea Senegundis"[33]. "Guillelmus vicecomes et uxor mea…Arsindis" exchanged property with Matfred Bishop of Béziers by charter dated 17 Aug 994[34]. Comte Guillaume [II] & his first wife had one child:

i) GARSINDIS de Béziers (975-after 29 Sep 1043). The testament of "Guillelmus vicecomes", dated 990, appointed "…Arsindis vicecomitissa…" among his executors and named "filia sua Garsindis…filia mea Senegundis"[35]. "Ratulfus et uxor mea Lugrizia…" gave property "in comitatu Agathense in villa Almas" to "Raimundo comiti et uxore tue Garsindi comitisse" by charter dated 21 Jul 1007, which also names "Guillelmo vicecomes" but gives no indication of any relationship between the latter and Garsindis[36]. Her parentage and first marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 26 Jun 1070 under which “Remundus Bernardi vicecomes cognomento Trencaveis et Ermengardis vicecomitissa conjux mea, filia…Rangardis comitissæ” transferred property to “Raimundo comiti Barcheonæ et Almodi comitissæ coniugi tuæ et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii” which names “Guillermus vicecomes Biterrensis…avus Petri Raymundi”[37]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. A charter dated 28 Jul 1013 records a hearing of a claim by "Richardus per vocem uxoris suæ Senegundis" in Béziers against "Garsindis comitissa" who refers to property granted to her by "pater meus dominus Villelmus vicecomes"[38]. "Bernardus miles, Pelitus et infantes mei episcopi, id est Fredolus, presul et Geiraldus pontifex et Almeradus, et alii infantes mei, Raimundus et Bermundus et mater illorum Garsindis" donated property to Nîmes Notre-Dame by charter dated 20 Oct 1020, subscribed by "…Garsindis comitissa…"[39]. A charter dated 18 Dec 1029 records the foundation of the monastery of Sauve by "Garsindis et filius meus Bremundus et frater eius Almeradus", for the soul of "genitoris nostri Barnardi", in the presence of "Wilelmi comitis Tholosani…Atthonis vicecomitis, et Berengarii, et fratris eius Elisiari de ipso Castro…Emenonis de Sabrano…"[40]. "Garsendis comitissa…et filiis meis Petro et Guillelmo et Bermundo" donated property to Conques, for the souls of "genitoris mei Guillelmi…genetricis meæ et…Bernardi senioris mei et filii mei Remundi et…filiorum meorum Guillelmi, Petroni, Bermundi", by charter dated Aug [1034][41]. "Petrus Raimundi comes" donated property to the church of Béziers, with the advice of "Garsindis comitissæ matri meæ", by charter dated 29 Sep 1043[42]. m firstly (before 990) RAYMOND ROGER I Comte de Carcassonne, son of ROGER I de Comminges Comte de Carcassonne & his wife Adelais de Pons (-before Apr 1011). m secondly (1013) as his second wife, BERNARD "Pelet" Seigneur d'Anduze, son of ---.

Comte Guillaume [II] & his [first/second] wife had one child:

ii) SENEGONDE de Béziers (980-after 1013). The testament of "Guillelmus vicecomes", dated 990, appointed "…Arsindis vicecomitissa…" among his executors and named "filia sua Garsindis…filia mea Senegundis"[43]. A charter dated 28 Jul 1013 records a hearing of a claim by "Richardus per vocem uxoris suæ Senegundis" in Béziers against "Garsindis comitissa" who refers to property granted to her by "pater meus dominus Villelmus vicecomes"[44]. The primary source which confirms the identity of Senegonde's mother has not yet been identified, although it is implied from the testament of her father dated 990. m RICHARD [I] Vicomte de Millau, son of [BERENGER Vicomte de Millau & his wife ---] (-[1013/23]).

C. VICOMTES de BEZIERS (VICOMTES d'ALBI)

BERNARD ATON [IV] d'Albi, son of RAYMOND BERNARD "Trencavel" Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes & his wife Ermengarde de Carcassonne (-1129). "Ermengardis visce comitissa filia Rangardis" names "filio meo Bernardo Atto" in her charter dated Nov [1097/1107][45]. He succeeded his father in 1074 as Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes. "Rogerius comes Fuxensis" and "Ermengarda vicecomitissa et…Bernardo Atonis filio eius" settled their disputes about the county of Carcassonne by charter dated 21 Apr 1095[46]. He succeeded his mother in [1099] as Vicomte de Béziers et d'Agde, Vicomte de Carcassonne. "Bernardus vicecomes filius Ermengardis" swore allegiance to Bernard Bishop of Agde by charter dated [1101][47]. “Bernardus-Attone vicecomes Carcassonæ” swore allegiance to the abbot of la Grasse, in the presence of “filiorum meorum Rogerii et Trenquavilli…”, by charter dated 1110[48]. “Bernardus Atonis vicecomes et uxor eius Cæcilia et filii illorum Rogerius et Raymundus” made an agreement with “Lupete de Biterris et cum fratre suo Bernardus” by charter dated 2 Jun 1114[49]. “Philippæ comitissæ…Emmæ filia” reached agreement with “Bernardus-Atonis filius Ermengardis” by charter dated 1114[50]. A bull of Pope Pascal II dated to [1117] instructed the archbishop of Narbonne to issue an interdict against "Biterrensis vicecomes Bernardus" for having expelled the abbot of Saint-Gilles and erected a castle near the monastery[51]. The first testament of “Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Carcassonæ”, dated 7 May 1118, names “uxore meæ Cæciliæ”, leaves “Carcassonam et Carcassez et Redas et Redez…Terme et Termenez” to “Rotgerius filius meus” and “in Albi…Albiensi…in comitatu de Roderge aut in Cadurcensi aut in Tolosano aut in Narbonensi…Agde et Agadez et castellum de Pedenas” to “Raymundo Trencavel filio meo”[52]. A bull of Pope Calixtus II dated 22 Apr 1122 ordered "Bernardo Biterrensi vicecomiti, Bernardo de Andusia, Raimundo Decano de Poscheriis" to support the abbot and monks of Saint-Gilles against Alphonse Comte de Toulouse and others[53]. “Bernardus-Ato vicecomes et uxor mea Cæcilia vicecomitissa et filii nostri Rogerius et Raimundus et Bernardus” donated property confiscated from the rebels at Carcassonne to “Bernardo de Tresmals” by charter dated 5 Apr 1125[54]. The testament of "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Biterrensis", dated 1129, bequeathed "Carcassonam…Redas…Albiam…" to "Rotgerio primogenito filio meo", "Bezer…et Acde…et Cenceno" to "Raimundo Trincavello filio meo", "Nemausum" to "Bernardo filio meo", requested "etiam Rotgerio" to provide dowry for "sororem suam Paganam", and names "Mantilinæ filiæ meæ", witnessed by "Cæcilia vicecomitissa et Raimundo Poscheriarum Decano…"[55].

m (1083) CECILE de Provence, daughter of BERTRAND II Comte de Provence & his wife Mathilde --- (-1150). The marriage contract between "Bertramnus comes…sua filia" and "Bernardum-Atonem" is dated 1083[56]. "Guillermi nepotis Ermengardis vicecomitissa, Sisiliæ vicecomitissæ de Carcassona" subscribed the charter dated 22 Jun 1101 under which "Ermengardis Biterrensis vicecomitissa simul et Carcassonæ et filius meus Bernardus Ato pariter vicecomes" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse at the time the latter was proposing a journey to Jerusalem[57]. "Bernardus Ato vicecomes Biterrensis et Carcassensis" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 21 Mar 1108 subscribed by "Cecilie uxori eius, Rogerii filius eius"[58]. "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes" by charter dated 20 Oct 1146[59]. "Trencavella filia Cæciliæ Biterrensis vicecomitissæ et…Geraldus filius eiusdem Trencavellæ" donated property to "sanctæ Mariæ Vallismagnæ et Petro abbati" by charter dated 1147, witnessed by “Cæciliæ vicecomitissæ Biterrensis, Trencavellæ eiusdem filiæ, Geraldi vicecomitis de Rossellon filius prædictæ Trencavellæ”[60]. An epitaph at the monastery of Ardorel records the death of "Caecilia"[61].

Vicomte Bernard Aton [IV] & his wife had seven children:

1. ROGER de Béziers (-12 Aug 1150). "Bernardus Ato vicecomes Biterrensis et Carcassensis" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 21 Mar 1108 subscribed by "Cecilie uxori eius, Rogerii filius eius"[62]. “Bernardus-Attone vicecomes Carcassonæ” swore allegiance to the abbot of la Grasse, in the presence of “filiorum meorum Rogerii et Trenquavilli…”, by charter dated 1110[63]. “Bernardus Atonis vicecomes et uxor eius Cæcilia et filii illorum Rogerius et Raymundus” made an agreement with “Lupete de Biterris et cum fratre suo Bernardus” by charter dated 2 Jun 1114[64]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records the visit to Jerusalem of "Vicecomes Biturrensis Raymundus cognomento Trenchavel", stating that he was "frater Rogerii, qui prole caruit, et Bernardis cognomento Atonis"[65]. The Inquisitio circa comitatum Carcassonæ names "Rogerius…major filius Vicecomitis", referring to "Bernardus-Atto vicecomes"[66]. The first testament of “Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Carcassonæ”, dated 1118, names “uxore meæ Cæciliæ”, leaves “Carcassonam et Carcassez et Redas et Redez…Terme et Termenez” to “Rotgerius filius meus” and “in Albi…Albiensi…in comitatu de Roderge aut in Cadurcensi aut in Tolosano aut in Narbonensi…Agde et Agadez et castellum de Pedenas” to “Raymundo Trencavel filio meo”[67]. “Bernardus-Ato vicecomes et uxor mea Cæcilia vicecomitissa et filii nostri Rogerius et Raimundus et Bernardus” donated property confiscated from the rebels at Carcassonne to “Bernardo de Tresmals” by charter dated 5 Apr 1125[68]. The testament of "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Biterrensis", dated 1129, bequeathed "Carcassonam…Redas…Albiam…" to "Rotgerio primogenito filio meo"[69]. Vicomte de Béziers. "Rogerius Biterrensis et uxor mea Bernarda vicecomitissa" issued a charter to the church of Carcassonne dated 28 Jun 1146[70]. "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes" by charter dated 20 Oct 1146[71]. The testament of "Rogerius de Biterri" is dated 12 Aug 1150 and names "Raimundo Trencavel fratri meo…Bernardæ vicecomitissæ uxori meæ"[72]. m (contract 28 Apr 1139) BERNARDE de Comminges, daughter of BERNARD [I] Comte de Comminges & his wife Dias de Samatan (-after 12 Aug 1150). Her marriage and parentage are confirmed by the marriage contract dated 28 Apr 1139 under which "Bernardus de Comenge et uxor mea Dias et filii nostri Bernardus de Comenge et Rogerius et Dodo de Samatano" granted property to "Bernardae filiae nostrae et viro tuo Rogerio de Biterri", which also names "Godafredus de Murello…pater meus Petrus Raymundi" as previous owners of "castrum de Murello" which he granted to "predictæ Dias filiæ meæ et viro suo Bernardo de Comenge"[73]. "Rogerius Biterrensis et uxor mea Bernarda vicecomitissa" issued a charter to the church of Carcassonne dated 28 Jun 1146[74]. The testament of "Rogerius de Biterri" is dated 12 Aug 1150 and names "Raimundo Trencavel fratri meo…Bernardæ vicecomitissæ uxori meæ"[75].

2. RAYMOND "Trencavel" de Béziers (-murdered 15 Oct 1167). “Bernardus-Attone vicecomes Carcassonæ” swore allegiance to the abbot of la Grasse, in the presence of “filiorum meorum Rogerii et Trenquavilli…”, by charter dated 1110[76], which suggests that Raymond Trencavel was the younger of the two sons named in the document. “Bernardus Atonis vicecomes et uxor eius Cæcilia et filii illorum Rogerius et Raymundus” made an agreement with “Lupete de Biterris et cum fratre suo Bernardus” by charter dated 2 Jun 1114[77]. Vicomte de Béziers, d'Agde, d'Albi, de Carcassonne et de Razès. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records the visit to Jerusalem of "Vicecomes Biturrensis Raymundus cognomento Trenchavel", stating that he was "frater Rogerii, qui prole caruit, et Bernardis cognomento Atonis"[78]. The first testament of “Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Carcassonæ”, dated 1118, names “uxore meæ Cæciliæ”, leaves “Carcassonam et Carcassez et Redas et Redez…Terme et Termenez” to “Rotgerius filius meus” and “in Albi…Albiensi…in comitatu de Roderge aut in Cadurcensi aut in Tolosano aut in Narbonensi…Agde et Agadez et castellum de Pedenas” to “Raymundo Trencavel filio meo”[79]. “Bernardus-Ato vicecomes et uxor mea Cæcilia vicecomitissa et filii nostri Rogerius et Raimundus et Bernardus” donated property confiscated from the rebels at Carcassonne to “Bernardo de Tresmals” by charter dated 5 Apr 1125[80]. The testament of "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Biterrensis", dated 1129, bequeathed "Bezer…et Acde…et Cenceno" to "Raimundo Trincavello filio meo"[81]. Vicomte de Beziers. "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes" by charter dated 20 Oct 1146[82]. The testament of “Raymundo Trencavelli vicecomite”, dated 21 Apr 1154 during his captivity in Toulouse, bequeathes “Balaguer et Chercorb et Chercorbez“ to “Cæciliæ meæ filiæ“, “meam minorem filiam“ to “Guilhermo de Montepessulano“ as his wife, and if he does not marry her requests “comitem de Barsalona“ to arrange her marriage to “filio Ugonis comitis“, appoints “Rogerio filio meo“ as his heir and if he dies childless “Cæciliæ meæ filiæ“, names “Hermengardæ de Narbona meæ consanguineæ“ and refers to but does not name “meam uxorem“[83]. The codicil of “R. Trencavels...vescoms de Besers" is dated to [1166][84]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records that "Raymundus Trenchavel vicecomes Biterrensis" was killed "a Burgensibus quadam Dominica Quadragesimæ in ecclesia B. Mariæ Magdalenæ", dated to [1167] from the context[85]. The Chronicle of Toulouse Saint-Saturnin records the death in 1167 of "Trencabels"[86]. The Chronicle of Nîmes records that "Trencavellus" was killed "dominica die in ecclesia S. Mariæ Magdalenæ" in 1167 by the people of Béziers[87]. The necrology of the priory of Cassan records the death "Id Oct" of "Raymundus Trencavelli vicecomes Biterrensis"[88]. m [firstly] ADELICIA, daughter of --- (-[28 Feb], after 21 Apr 1154). “Raymundus Trencavel vicecomes Biterris et uxor mea Adalaicia” donated property to “Raymundo de Pomairol et fratri tuo Poncio” by charter dated Dec 1137[89]. "Raymundus Trincavelli vicecomes Biterrensis et Adalais eius uxor" confirmed the foundation of the abbey of Valmagne by "Guillelmus de Omelaz frater Guillelmi de Montepessulano" by charter dated 1138[90]. The necrology of the priory of Cassan records the death "II Kal Mar" of "Adalicia Biterrensis vicecomitissa"[91]. m [secondly] [as her second husband,] SAURA, [widow of --- Comte de ---,] daughter of --- (-after 1 Nov 1163). Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 16 Jul 1152 under which “Sichards de Laurag fils d´Ava” swore allegiance to "Raimuns Trencavel vescons de Beders fils de Cecilia vescomtesse et…Roger fils de Raimuns Trencavel et de Saura comtesse" for "lo castel de Montlauder"[92]. The fact that Saura is accorded the title “comtesse“ in this charter suggests that she must have been married before and that she retained the title after her first husband died. The testament of “Raymundo Trencavelli vicecomite”, dated 21 Apr 1154, refers to but does not name “meam uxorem“[93]. "Guillelmus de Termino filius Estriæ et…Petrus Olivarii filius Adalmus" swore allegiance to "Raymundo Trencavello filio Cæciliæ et Rogerio filio tuo et Sauræ comitissæ" for "castrum de Termino" by charter dated 1 Nov 1163[94]. Raymond & his [first] wife had two children:

a) daughter (-[before 21 Apr 1154]). "Rostagnus de Poscherias" confirmed agreement with "Raimundo vicecomite" relating to the marriage of "filiam suum…Rostagnus" and "filiam ipsius Raimundi", and, if Rostaing died, to "filios suos Petrum…" by charter dated to [1141][95]. This daughter is not named in her father´s will dated 21 Apr 1154 so presumably died before then, unless she was the same person as his daughter Cécile. Betrothed ([1131]) to, her first cousin, ROSTAING [II] de Posquières, son of ROSTAING [I] de Posquières & his wife Ermesinde de Béziers (-after 1146).

b) CECILE de Béziers (-after 4 Dec 1167). The testament of “Raymundo Trencavelli vicecomite”, dated 21 Apr 1154 during his captivity in Toulouse, bequeathes “Balaguer et Chercorb et Chercorbez“ to “Cæciliæ meæ filiæ“, appoints “Rogerio filio meo“ as his heir and if he dies childless “Cæciliæ meæ filiæ“[96]. The chronology suggests that Raymond´s two daughters would have been children of his second wife, named in 1137, if it is correct as shown above that he married twice. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 4 Dec 1167 under which “Raymundus comes Tolosæ" donated property to "Rogerio Bernardi Fuxensi comiti, viro Cæciliæ filiæ quondam Trencavelli, et eidem Cæciliæ" previously held by "Rogerius frater supra nominati Trencavelli in fine vitæ suæ"[97]. m ([1151]) ROGER BERNARD Comte de Foix, son of ROGER III Comte de Foix & his wife Jimena de Barcelona.

Raymond & his [second] wife had four children:

c) ROGER de Béziers (-20 Mar 1194). “Sichards de Laurag fils d´Ava” swore allegiance to "Raimuns Trencavel vescons de Beders fils de Cecilia vescomtesse et…Roger fils de Raimuns Trencavel et de Saura comtesse" for "lo castel de Montlauder" by charter dated 16 Jul 1152[98]. The testament of “Raymundo Trencavelli vicecomite”, dated 21 Apr 1154 during his captivity in Toulouse, appoints “Rogerio filio meo“ as his heir and if he dies childless “Cæciliæ meæ filiæ“[99]. “Sicardus filius Avæ” swore allegiance to “Raymundo Trencavelli filio Cæciliæ vicecomitissæ et...Rogerio filio R. Trencavelli et Sauræ comitissæ“ by charter dated 1158[100]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records that "Rogerius Raymundi filius" made peace after his father was killed[101]. Vicomte de Béziers. “Raymundus...dux Narbonnæ, comes Tolosæ, marchio Provinciæ, filius Ildefonsi comitis et Faiditæ" swore allegiance to "Rogerio filio Trencavelli et Sauræ" by charter dated 1171[102]. "Dominus Rogerius vicecomes Biterrensis et Carcassensis et Reddensis atque Albiensis" donated all his property to "dominus meus Ildefonsus...rex Aragonensium, comes Barchinonensis, marchio Provinciæ...filio tuo...Ildefonso" whom he adopted as his son by charter dated Jun 1183[103]. The Thalamus de Montpellier records the death "x dies defra abril" in 1194 of "Rotgier viscoms de Bezers"[104]. The necrology of the priory of Cassan records the death "XIII Kal Apr" of "Rotgerius vicecomes Biterrensis frater noster"[105]. m (1171) ADELAIDE de Toulouse, daughter of RAYMOND V Comte de Toulouse & his wife Constance de France (-after Aug 1199). The marriage contract between “Raymundus...dux Narbonnæ, comes Tolosæ, marchio Provinciæ...filiam meam Adalaisiam" and "Rogerio Biterrensi vicecomiti" is dated 1171[106]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records that "filia Tolosani Alaizia" and "Rogerius Biterrensis vir eius" surrendered "castrum Legato" during a campaign against the Albigeois by "Henricus Albanensis Episcopus" (in 1181 from the context)[107]. Her date of death is set by the charter dated Aug 1199 under which "Raymundus Rogerius vicecomes" donated property, on the advice of "Adelaicis dominæ matris meæ..."[108]. Roger & his wife had one child:

i) RAYMOND ROGER de Béziers (1185-Carcassonne 10 Nov 1209). A charter dated 1191 records oaths of allegiance sworn to "Rogerii vicecomitis Biterrensis...et...Raymundo Rogerio filio prædicti D. Rogerii"[109]. His date of birth is set by the charter dated Jun 1183 under which "dominus Rogerius vicecomes Biterrensis et Carcassensis et Reddensis atque Albiensis" donated all his property to "dominus meus Ildefonsus...rex Aragonensium, comes Barchinonensis, marchio Provinciæ...filio tuo...Ildefonso" whom he adopted as his son[110], which no doubt Vicomte Roger would not have done if his own son had been born then or if his wife had been pregnant at that date. A "Chronique en Languedocien, tirée du cartulaire de Raymond le Jeune comte de Toulouse" records the birth in 1185 of "Rogiers vescoms de Bezers"[111]. Vicomte de Béziers. "Raymundus Rotgerii vicecomitis Biterris" granted all his lands to "Raymundo-Rotgerii comiti Fuxi consanguineo meo" if he died childless, by charter dated Mar 1201[112]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that "Rogerus autem vicecomes de Bediers filius Trenkevel" was captured at Carcassonne as a heretic and died in prison in 1209[113]. The necrology of Carcassonne records the death "IV Id Nov" in 1209 of "Rogerius vicecomes Biterris...in congressu ante Carcassonam"[114]. A "Chronique en Languedocien, tirée du cartulaire de Raymond le Jeune comte de Toulouse" records that Béziers was destroyed in 1209[115]. m ([1204]) AGNES de Montpellier, daughter of GUILLAUME [VII] Seigneur de Montpellier & his second [bigamous] wife Agnes --- (-after Oct 1226). A charter dated Oct 1226 relates to the dowry of “Agnes quondam vicecomitissa Biterrensis…a Raymundo Rogeri marito suo, quondam vicecomite Biterrensi”[116]. The Histoire de Montpellier records the marriage of Agnes and Raymond Roger Vicomte de Beziers arranged by Pedro II King of Aragon[117]. "Raymundus-Rogerii quondam vicecomes Biterrensis…dominæ Agneti uxori suæ" granted her rights to "Simon comes Lycestriæ et Montisfortis dominus" by charter dated 24 Nov 1209[118]. "Agnes quondam vicecomitissa Biterrensis" renounced her dowry from "Raymundo-Rogerio marito suo quondam vicecomite Biterrensi" in favour of Louis VIII King of France by charter dated Oct 1226[119]. Raymond Roger & his wife had one child:

(a) TRENCAVEL de Béziers (1207-1263). A "Chronique en Languedocien, tirée du cartulaire de Raymond le Jeune comte de Toulouse" records the birth in 1207 of "Trencavels vescoms de Bezers"[120]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records that "Trencavel fils de feu le vicomte de Béziers" was 16 years old, dated from the context to [1223/24], and that "le comte de Foix Roger Bernard" was his guardian[121]. Vicomte de Béziers. The charter dated Oct 1224 under which "Rogerius Bernardi comes Fuxi, custos Trencavelli vicecomitis" made agreements relating to his property shows that he acted through the guardianship of Roger Bernard Comte de Foix during his minority, as shown by the charter dated Oct 1224, as well as a similar charter dated 24 Oct 1224 in which "Rogerius Bernardi...comes Fuxensis" confirmed he had full powers over administration over "vicecomitatus Biterrensis, Carcassonæ et Redensis et Albiensis pro D. vicecomite Trencavello, consobrino meo"[122]. He was deprived of his inheritance by Louis VIII King of France and retired to the court of Aragon from where he returned in 1230 to reclaim his rights[123]. "Trencavellus...Biterrensis vicecomes, dominus Albiensis, Carcassonæ et Redensis" granted property to "D. Rogerio-Bernardo...comiti Fuxensi, consanguineo nostro" dated 17 Jun 1227[124], indicating that his minority must have recently ended which suggests his date of birth in [1206/08].

d) RAYMOND TRENCAVEL (-after 5 Jun 1211). "R. Trencavellus filius quondam Trencavelli, et uxoris eius" transferred property to "D. S. comiti Leycestriæ, domino Montisfortis, vicecomiti Biterris et Carcassonæ, et domino Albiensi et Redensi" by charter dated 5 Jun 1211[125]. m --- (-after 5 Jun 1211). The name of Raymond Trencavel´s wife is not known but the charter dated 5 Jun 1211 under which "R. Trencavellus filius quondam Trencavelli, et uxoris eius" transferred property to "D. S. comiti Leycestriæ, domino Montisfortis, vicecomiti Biterris et Carcassonæ, et domino Albiensi et Redensi" shows that she was living at that date[126].

e) daughter . The testament of “Raymundo Trencavelli vicecomite”, dated 21 Apr 1154 during his captivity in Toulouse, bequeathes “meam minorem filiam“ to “Guilhermo de Montepessulano“ as his wife, and if he does not marry her requests “comitem de Barsalona“ to arrange her marriage to “filio Ugonis comitis“[127]. The chronology suggests that Raymond´s two daughters would have been children of his second wife, named in 1137, if it is correct as shown above that he married twice. same person as...? ADELAIS . Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated Feb 1188 under which "Sicardus vicecomes de Lautrec" the dowry received from "D. vicecomiti Biterrensi...D. Rogerio" when he married "Alazaici sorore tua"[128]. m (before 1176) SICARD [V] Vicomte de Lautrec, son of SICARD [IV] Vicomte de Lautrec & his wife --- (-1193 or after).

f) BEATRIX de Béziers ([after 21 Apr 1154]-after Jan 1193). The Historia Albigensis records the marriage of Comte Raymond and "sororem vicecomitis Biterrensis…Beatricem" whom he repudiated[129]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records that Comte Raymond VI married "Béatrice sœur de Trencavel vicomte de Béziers" whom he repudiated, but he confuses her with her daughter when he adds that she married secondly "Pierre Bermond de Salvio"[130]. As only two daughters were mentioned in Raymond Trencavel´s testament dated 21 Apr 1154, it is presumed that the third daughter was born after this date. It is possible that this was either Adelais or Beatrix as no source has yet been identified which confirms the order of birth of these two younger daughters. "Rogerius comes Biterrensis" conceded "castro Mesoa" to "Beatrici sorori meæ" by charter dated Jan 1193[131], which is likely to indicate the date of her separation from her husband. She retired to a Cathar convent after her repudiation. m ([Sep 1176/1179], repudiated Jan 1193 or before) as his second wife, RAYMOND de Toulouse, son of RAYMOND V Comte de Toulouse & his wife Constance de France (27 Oct 1156-Toulouse 2 Aug 1222). He succeeded his father in 1194 as RAYMOND VI Comte de Toulouse, Duc de Narbonne, Marquis de Provence.

3. BERNARD ATON [V] de Beziers (-[1159]). “Filiorum nostrorum Rogerii, Trencavelli atque Bernardi” consented to the marriage contract dated 1121 between “Bernardus Nemausensium et Agathensium et Biterrensium vicecomes et…Cæcilia vicecomitissa…filia nostra Ermessindi” and “Rostagno de Poscheriis”[132]. “Bernardus-Ato vicecomes et uxor mea Cæcilia vicecomitissa et filii nostri Rogerius et Raimundus et Bernardus” donated property confiscated from the rebels at Carcassonne to “Bernardo de Tresmals” by charter dated 5 Apr 1125[133]. The testament of "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Biterrensis", dated 1129, bequeathed "Nemausum" to "Bernardo filio meo"[134]. Vicomte d'Agde, Vicomte de Nîmes. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records the visit to Jerusalem of "Vicecomes Biturrensis Raymundus cognomento Trenchavel", staging that he was "frater Rogerii, qui prole caruit, et Bernardis cognomento Atonis"[135]. "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Nemausensis et...Guillelma uxor eius" issued a charter dated 1146[136]. "B. Ato vicecomes Nemausensis" confirmed his obligations to "R. de Poscheriis nepoti meo" which "pater meus dedit cum filia sua Ermesendi, patri tuo R....Margaritas, Bellivicinum, Calvicionem" by charter dated 1146[137]. "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes" by charter dated 20 Oct 1146[138]. "Bernardus-Ato vicecomes Nemausensium" granted property, with the support of "Guillelmæ uxoris meæ", by charter dated 1151[139]. m (1146 or before) GUILLEMETTE de Montpellier, daughter of GUILLAUME [VI] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Sibila [del Vasto] (-after 29 Sep 1173). Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" mentions his daughters Guillemette, Adalais and Ermessende, requesting that "Guillelme filie mee cum marito suo" be given the rest of her dowry[140]. "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Nemausensis et...Guillelma uxor eius" issued a charter dated 1146[141]. "Bernardus-Ato vicecomes Nemausensium" granted property, with the support of "Guillelmæ uxoris meæ", by charter dated 1151[142]. The primary source which confirms her marriage more precisely has not yet been identified, although it is indicated by the testament dated 29 Sep 1173 of "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" which names "…Guillelma soror mea et filius ejus Bernardus Atho…"[143]. “Ysarius de Salve filius de Stephana” swore allegiance to “Guillelma vicecomitissa que fuisti moller de Bernardo-Aton" and to her unborn son by charter dated to [1159][144]. “Willelma Nemausensis vicecomitissa...et...filium meum vicecomitem” donated property to “Petro Raymundo de Anagia" by charter dated May 1166[145]. Bernard Aton [V] & his wife had one child:

a) BERNARD ATON [VI] (posthumously [1159]-after 2 May 1214). His posthumous birth is indicated by the charter dated to [1159] under which “Ysarius de Salve filius de Stephana” swore allegiance to “Guillelma vicecomitissa que fuisti moller de Bernardo-Aton" and to her unborn son[146]. Vicomte d'Agde, Vicomte de Nîmes. “Willelma Nemausensis vicecomitissa...et...filium meum vicecomitem” donated property to “Petro Raymundo de Anagia" by charter dated May 1166[147]. The testament dated 29 Sep 1173 of "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" (his maternal uncle) names "…Guillelma soror mea et filius ejus Bernardus Atho…"[148]. According to Duhamel Amado, the couple's posthumous son did not survive[149], but this appears to be disproved by this testament. Vicomte de Nîmes. A charter dated 1179 records an agreement between "Ildefossum…[regem] Arragoniæ, comitem Barchinoniæ, marchionem Provinciæ" and "B Atonis vicecomitem Nemausensem"[150]. "Bernardus Ato vicecomes Agathensis" swore allegiance to "Guillelmo domino Montispessulani et...Agneti uxori eius" for part of his domain by charters dated 1189, Jan 1191 and 1195[151]. "Bernardus Ato filius quondam Bernardi Atonis vicecomitis Nemausensis et Agatensis et Guillermæ uxoris eius" transferred their vicomtés to "domino Simoni comiti Lycestriæ, vicecomiti Biterrensi et Carcassensi" by charter dated 2 May 1214[152]. m GUILLELME, daughter of --- (-after 2 May 1214). "Bernardus Ato filius quondam Bernardi Atonis vicecomitis Nemausensis et Agatensis et Guillermæ uxoris eius" transferred their vicomtés to "domino Simoni comiti Lycestriæ, vicecomiti Biterrensi et Carcassensi" by charter dated 2 May 1214[153].

4. ERMENGARDE "Trencavelle" de Béziers (-1156). "Bernardus Atonis vicecomes Biterrensis et uxor mea Cæcilia" agreed the marriage of "filia nostra Ermengardi" to "Gaufredum filium de Guirardo de Rossilione", by charter dated 1110, which provides for "castello de Abelliano et…castello de Mesoa" as her dowry[154]. Dame d'Abeilhan et de Mèze {Hérault}. "Gausfredus Rossilionensis et uxor mea Trencavella et filius noster Guinardus" donated property to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 13 May 1139, signed by "…Bernardi Berengarii vicecomitis…"[155]. "Trencavella filia Cæciliæ Biterrensis vicecomitissæ et…Geraldus filius eiusdem Trencavellæ" donated property to "sanctæ Mariæ Vallismagnæ et Petro abbati" by charter dated 1147, witnessed by “Cæciliæ vicecomitissæ Biterrensis, Trencavellæ eiusdem filiæ, Geraldi vicecomitis de Rossellon filius prædictæ Trencavellæ”[156]. m (1110, divorced 1152) GAUZFREDO [III] Comte de Roussillon, son of GERARD [I] Comte de Roussillon & his wife Agnes --- (-24 Feb 1163).

5. MATHELINE de Béziers (-after 1152). By charter dated 27 Nov 1105, "Agnes et…Guillelmus Alfaricus et uxor mea Engelrada et infantes nostri Arnaldus et Saurina" gave "burgum de Biterri qui fuit de Gaucelino-Arnaldi" to "Bernardo Atonis et uxori tuae Caeciliae et illis infantibus vestris" in contemplation of the marriage of their children[157]. The marriage contract between “Metellinæ filiæ Bernardi Atonis vicecomitis et Cæciliæ” and “Guillelmus-Alfaricus et uxor mea Engelrada…Arnoldo filio nostro” is dated 19 Dec 1105 and records the grant by the bridegroom´s parents of "ipsum nostrum castellum de Sancto Nazario {Saint-Nazaire, Aude} …in comitatu Narbonensi et ipsum castellum nostrum de Salviano {Sauvian, Hérault} …in comitatu Biterrensi" to their son[158]. According to Duhamel-Amado[159], the contemplated marriage of Matheline and Arnaud de Béziers-Sauvian did not take place. The testament of "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Biterrensis", dated 1129, names "Mantilinæ filiæ meæ"[160]. Matheline may have married (before 1143) Austors de Lunas. "Metelina" donated property to "Bernardo-Atoni fratri meo" by charter dated 1152 witnessed by “Selvionis de Clairjac et filii eius Selvionis…”[161]. m (contract 19 Dec 1105) ARNAUD de Béziers-Sauvian, son of GUILLAUME ALFARIC de Saint-Nazaire {Aude} & his wife Engelrade de Béziers-Sauvian. For this family of Béziers-Sauvian, see Duhamel Amado[162]. Arnaud & his wife had two children:

a) MATHELINE de Béziers-Sauvian (-after 1 Apr 1168). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. A charter dated 1130 records an agreement between "Silvion de Clérieu" and the canons of the church of Romans regarding his usurpation of the donations of his predecessors "Silvion, Guillaume, Ado et Guillaume son père", confirmed by "sa femme Metelina" and witnessed by "le comte Amédée…"[163]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Silvius de Cleireu et…Matelina eius uxor et…Silvius eorum filius" donated property to the Templars at Richerenches by charter dated 15 Oct 1141[164]. A charter dated 1150 records disputes between "Silvion de Clérieu" and the canons of the church of Romans, settled by Hugues Archbishop of Vienne and "Silvion et Mételine son épouse", naming "Guillaume abbé et sacristain de Romans, frère de Silvion"[165]. The dating of the previous charter, and the identity of the donors, are clarified by the charter dated under which "Roggerius de Claireu…et fratres mei" increased the donation by "pater meus Silvius et mater mea Matelina" of property to the Templars at Richerenches, as far as "Avisanum", with the advice of "matris mee Mateline" and with the consent of "Guilelmus de Claireu abbas de Sancto Felicio", by charter dated 1 Apr 1168[166]. m SILVION [II] Seigneur de Clérieux, son of GUILLAUME Seigneur de Clérieux {Isère} & his wife ---. “Selvionis de Clairjac et filii eius Selvionis…” witnessed the charter dated 1152 under which "Metelina" donated property to "Bernardo-Atoni fratri meo"[167].

b) SAURINE de Béziers-Sauvian . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m BERENGER de Thézan {Hérault}.

6. ERMESINDE de Béziers (-before 1146). The marriage contract between “Bernardus Nemausensium et Agathensium et Biterrensium vicecomes et…Cæcilia vicecomitissa…filia nostra Ermessindi” and “Rostagno de Poscheriis” is dated 1121 and records “castrum Margaritas…[et] castrum…Calvenzing…[et] mediatem castri Belvedin” as her dowry[168]. The charter dated 1146, under which "Ato vicecomes Nemausensis" guaranteed the succession of her son "R. de Poscheriis nepoti meo" to property granted as dowry by "pater meus…cum filia sua Ermesens" to "patri tuo R….Margaritas, Bellumvicinum, Calvuconem"[169], suggests that Ermesinde had died by that date. m (Béziers 1121) ROSTAING de Posquières {now Vauvert, Gard}, son of RAYMOND [II] Decanus & his wife --- (-[1142/46]). The seigneurs d´Uzès et de Posquières are discussed in Histoire Générale de Languedoc Tome IV, according to which Rostaing de Posquières was the brother of Faydive d´Uzès, wife of Alphonse Jourdain Comte de Toulouse[170]. This has not been verified.

7. PAGANE (-after 1152). The testament of "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Biterrensis", dated 1129, bequeathed "Carcassonam…Redas…Albiam…" to "Rotgerio primogenito filio meo", and requested "etiam Rotgerio" to provide dowry for "sororem suam Paganam"[171]. "Pagana" donated property to "Bernardo-Atoni fratri meo" by charter dated 1152 which names her father “Bernardi-Atonis”[172]. She was still unmarried in 1129[173].

Chapter 2. COMTES d'ALBI

The early history of the county of Albi is slightly less hazy than that of the county of Agde, but it is still far from clear. Three comtes d´Albi can be identified in primary sources between the late 9th and late 10th centuries (see Part A of this chapter). It is possible that the second of these, Comte Raymond, was the same person as Raymond II Comte de Toulouse but no primary source has so far been found which confirms that this co-identity is correct. The references to Pons Comte d´Albi in 987 are intriguing. Pons is of course a name associated during the 10th and 11th centuries with the family of the comtes de Toulouse. It is possible therefore that Pons Comte d´Albi was an otherwise unknown son of either Raymond Pons Comte de Toulouse or his son Comte Raymond III. The absence of earlier references to Comte Pons suggests that Comte Raymond III was more likely to have been his father. It is probable that Comte Pons died without direct heirs as the county of Albi had certainly reverted to the comtes de Toulouse by the early 11th century. This is confirmed by the charter dated to [1006] which records the council of the archiepiscopal provinces of Narbonne and Auch held at Toulouse by "Raimundus episcopus Tolosanus et Guillelmus comes Albiensium ac Caturcensium et Tolosanorum"[174], referring to Guillaume III "Taillefer" Comte de Toulouse. After Simon de Montfort Earl of Leicester defeated the Comte de Toulouse at Castelnaudary in the early 13th century, the former adopted the titles Vicomte d'Albi, Comte de Toulouse, Duc de Narbonne and Marquis de Provence[175]. It is unsure why Albi was not treated as a county at that time, although vicomtes d´Albi had been recorded since the late 9th century as shown in Parts B and C of this chapter. The families of the vicomtes de Bruniquel, vicomtes de Lautrec, vicomtes de Saint-Antonin and vicomtes de Toulouse are also shown in this chapter because of the proximity of their castles to Albi. It is assumed that all these vicomtes were suzerains of the comtes de Toulouse, maybe in their capacity as comtes d´Albi.

A. COMTES d'ALBI

1. ERMENGAUD . Comte d´Albi. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc states that Ermengaud Comte d’Albi is referred to by the chronicler Aimion[176], but this source has not yet been consulted. m ---. The name of Ermengaud's wife is not known. Ermengaud & his wife had one child:

a) [GERSENDE . "Oddo…comes uxorque mea Garsindis" sold property "in comitatu Lemovicino…villa…Orbaciacus" by charter dated Aug 887, with the consent of "fratre nostro Airberto" and subscribed by "Garsis comitis, Willelmi comitis…"[177]. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc suggests that the wife of Odon Comte de Toulouse was the daughter of Ermengaud Comte d’Albi, basing this on Gersende naming her second son Ermengaud[178]. Even if it is correct that Gersende was connected to the comte d´Albi, it is presumably possible that she was a more remote relation of Ermengaud than his daughter. m ODON Comte de Toulouse, son of RAYMOND I Comte de Toulouse & his wife Berthe --- (-[918/19]).]

2. RAYMOND (-after 915). A bull of Pope John VIII dated 18 Aug 878, relating to papal authority over the monastery of Saint-Gilles, is subscribed by "Raimundus comes, Berengarius vicecomes…Emenus vicecomes, Oddo vicecomes, Ugo comes"[179]. Comte d´Albi. A charter dated Aug 878 records an audience held by "Reymundo comite" at Albi[180]. A charter dated Apr 890 records a judgment in the court of "Raimundus…comes ipsius pagi…Allidulfo suo viciscomiti" relating to a claim by "Bligardis…in comitatu Nemausensi"[181]. A charter dated 23 May 898 records business in the presence of "Bernardo vices-comite…Regemundo comite…Berengario comite"[182]. "Regimundo comite" subscribed a charter dated Jul 902 recording a donation to Nîmes Notre-Dame[183]. A charter dated 18 Jul 915 records business in the presence of "Regemundo comite" and "Daruardus vicecomes Rotenensi" as judge in "Andusie…castello"[184]. It is possible that Raymond inherited Albi from his mother´s family. In later documentation, Albi and Nîmes are recorded under the same vicomtes, and it is also possible that they were linked under the same count in the late 9th century and that Nîmes was also inherited by Raymond. The fact that no further record is found relating to Raymond in Nîmes after 915 could be explained by his succession in Toulouse, after which Nîmes would have ceased to be one of his main centres of activity. No other Comte Raymond has so far been identified who could be this comte de Nîmes. "Ugo comes" who also subscribed the 878 papal bull has not yet been identified. same person as…? RAYMOND de Toulouse, son of ODON Comte de Toulouse & his wife Gersende --- (-[923/24). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 16 Jun 918, which records an audience at Ausonne in the diocesis of Carcassonnne held by "Aridemandus episcopus sedis Tolosæ civitatis...missus advocatus Raymundo comite Tolosæ civitatis et marchio" with the consent of "Odone comite genitore suo"[185]. He succeeded his father in [918] as RAYMOND II Comte de Toulouse. The Vita Sancti Geraldi Aureliacensis Comitis records that "Raimundum…comitem filium…Odonis" captured "nepotem domni Geraldi…Benedictum, Tolosæ…vicecomitem" and that "Geraldus…cum sorore sua Avigerna" requested his release[186]. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc dates the event to [894/909], the earlier date being when the monastery of Aurillac was founded and the latter the date of death of Benoît´s maternal uncle[187]. If the estimated date is correct, this was before the death of Raymond´s father and therefore before his succession as comte de Toulouse. If at that date Raymond already held the comital title in his own right, it tends to corroborate the co-identity of Raymond II Comte de Toulouse with Raymond Comte d´Albi.

1. PONS (-after Sep 987). Comte d´Albi. "Pontius comes Albiæ" donated "illum meum vicum Viancii" to the church of Albi, by charter dated 987[188]. "Pontius comes" donated "illum meum vicum de Viancio" to the church of Albi, on the advice of "Isarni vicecomitis", by charter dated Sep 987[189].

B. VICOMTES d'ALBI (FAMILY of ATON)

The "Aton" family were also vicomtes at Nîmes from the mid-10th century (for other vicomtes at Nîmes, see Chapter 14). Raymond Bernard "Trencavel" Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes married the ultimate heiress of the vicomtés de Béziers et d'Agde in the mid-11th century.

The name "Trencavel" appears to have become hereditary in the Albi/Béziers family of Aton after the mid-11th century, comparable to "Taillefer" in the family of the Comtes d'Angoulême, but its origin is not known. It is unlikely to be a baptismal name, although the last name-holder ("Trencavel de Béziers", who died in 1263) does not appear to be recorded with another name. The first root-element of the word suggests a connection with the modern French "trancher", and the second with "bel", which when combined would result in a suitably war-like epithet consistent with the violence of the times.

1. ATON [I] (-after 898). A charter dated Dec 898 records a hearing at Alzonne in the diocesis of Carcassonne in the presence of "Atone vicario Odone comite Tolosæ civitatis et marchio in Alsona"[190]. Settipani suggests that he may have been the son of Aton, a noble in Toulouse closely related to the Vicomtes de Toulouse, who is named in 867[191]. m ---. The name of Aton's wife is not known. Settipani suggests that she was Avigerna, sister of Géraud Seigneur d'Aurillac {Cantal} (855-909)[192].

2. BERNARD [I] . A charter dated 16 Jun 918 records a hearing at Alzonne in the diocesis of Carcassonne in the presence of "Bernardo…missus advocatus Raymundo comite Tolosæ civitatis et marchio" at "castro Ausona"[193]. Onomastics suggest that he was closely related to Aton [I], but there is no direct proof that this is correct. m ---. The name of Bernard's wife is not known. Bernard [I] & his wife had two children:

a) ATON [II] ([900]-after 942). "Atto…vicecomes" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières, on the advice of "uxoris meæ", for the souls of "patris mei Bernardi et matris meæ" by charter dated Apr 942, subscribed by "Frotarius episcopus, Bernardus, Hugonis comitis, Dagberga…"[194]. Vicomte d'Albi {Tarn}. same person as…? --- . There appears to be no direct proof that Aton [II] was the husband of Diasfronisa, but the chronology and the common use of the names Bernard and Aton among his descendants provide two favourable indications. m DIASFRONISA, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by a charter dated 20 Oct 1146 under which "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes"[195]. Settipani suggests that Diasfronisa was the sister of Etienne (who died after 926) and of Frothaire Bishop of Cahors ([905/10]-990), who were sons of Matfred and his wife Aitrude[196]. [Aton [II]] & his wife had [two] children:

i) [SEGUIN (-after 9 Jul 972). A charter dated 2 Jul 972 records a hearing at Nîmes by "Raymondus comes et marchio" relating to "ecclesiam Sancti Martini…in comitatu Agatense" in the presence of "…Siguinus vicecomes et Bernardus frater eius…"[197]. It is not known with certainty that Bernard was the same person as Bernard [II].]

ii) BERNARD [II] (-[after 9 Jul 972]). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 20 Oct 1146 under which "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes"[198]. Vicomte d'Albi. Vicomte de Nîmes.

- see below.

b) BERNARD (-965). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Bishop of Albi 951.

3. BENOIT . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Vicomte de Toulouse.

BERNARD [II] d'Albi, son of ATON [II] Vicomte d'Albi & his wife Diasfronisa --- (-[after 9 Jul 972]). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 20 Oct 1146 under which "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes"[199]. Vicomte d'Albi. Vicomte de Nîmes. A charter dated 9 Jun 956 records an exchange of property at Nîmes and payment "ad vicecomite Bernardo et ad vicecomitissa Gauza et ad Bernardum cuius erat feuz"[200]. The reference in this charter to his wife suggests that she may have been heiress to the vicomté de Nîmes and that her husband held the title in her name. [A charter dated 2 Jul 972 records a hearing at Nîmes by "Raymondus comes et marchio" relating to "ecclesiam Sancti Martini…in comitatu Agatense" in the presence of "…Siguinus vicecomes et Bernardus frater eius…"[201]. It is not known with certainty that Bernard was the same person as Bernard [II].]

m GAUCIANA, daughter of ---. A charter dated 9 Jun 956 records an exchange of property at Nîmes and payment "ad vicecomite Bernardo et ad vicecomitissa Gauza et ad Bernardum cuius erat feuz"[202]. Her marriage is confirmed by a charter dated 20 Oct 1146 under which "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes"[203].

Bernard [II] & his wife had three children:

1. BERNARD (-after 9 Jul 956). A charter dated 9 Jun 956 records an exchange of property at Nîmes and payment "ad vicecomite Bernardo et ad vicecomitissa Gauza et ad Bernardum cuius erat feuz"[204].

2. ATON [III] (-1032). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated [1025] which records a promise made to "Atoni, fil Gauciane et Froterio fil Girbergane ... sine forza contra Athonem et Froter filium suum" by "Guillelms Coms fils d´Adadaiz, et Ramon et Aiarigs fils Garsen" relating to "lo castel de Dornian" [Dourgne][205]. "Atho et uxor mea Girberga et filii nostri Bernardus et Froterius" donated property "in comitatu Albiense, in vicaria Gigidense in villa…Bota" by charter dated 18 Mar 993[206]. Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes. "Guillelms Coms fils d´Aladaiz et Ramon et Aiarigs fils Garsen" promised "Atoni fil Gauciane et Froterio fil Girbergane" quiet possession of "lo castel de Dornian" by charter dated to [1025], which names "Athonem et Froter filium suum"[207]. "Ermengaudo…comes et marchio" granted "alodes…in comitato Orgello in apenditio de Sancto Azisclo…in villa Ortoneoves" to "Atto" by charter dated 28 Feb 1029, subscribed by "…Guillemo vicecomite…"[208]. A charter dated 18 Dec 1029 records the foundation of the monastery of Sauve by "Garsindis et filius meus Bremundus et frater eius Almeradus", for the soul of "genitoris nostri Barnardi", in the presence of "Wilelmi comitis Tholosani…Atthonis vicecomitis, et Berengarii, et fratris eius Elisiari de ipso Castro…Emenonis de Sabrano…"[209]. His parentage is further confirmed by a charter dated 20 Oct 1146 under which "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes"[210]. m GERBERGE, daughter of ---. "Atho et uxor mea Girberga et filii nostri Bernardus et Froterius" donated property "in comitatu Albiense, in vicaria Gigidense in villa…Bota" by charter dated 18 Mar 993[211]. Aton [III] & his wife had three children:

a) BERNARD [III] ATON (-after 1050). "Atho et uxor mea Girberga et filii nostri Bernardus et Froterius" donated property "in comitatu Albiense, in vicaria Gigidense in villa…Bota" by charter dated 18 Mar 993[212]. Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes. "Wilelmi comitis Tholosani…Atthonis vicecomitis, et Berengarii, et fratris eius Elisiari de ipso Castro…Emenonis de Sabrano…" witnessed the charter dated 18 Dec 1029 which records the foundation of the monastery of Sauve by "Garsindis et filius meus Bremundus et frater eius Almeradus"[213]. "Geraldus et frater meus Sicharius et filii Geraldi et filii Sicharii" donated their share in "castello de Causago" to "Froterio episcopo et fratri eius Bernardo et Segario fratri eorum", by charter dated Jul [1035][214]. m RAINGARDE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Bernard [III] Aton & his wife had one child:

i) RAYMOND BERNARD "Trencavel" (-1074). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes. "Raingardis comitissa et gener meus Raymundus et uxor eius filia mea…Ermengardis et soror eius Adalais" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated 3 Jan 1062[215]. “Remundus Bernardi vicecomes cognomento Trencaveis et Ermengardis vicecomitissa conjux mea, filia…Rangardis comitissæ” transferred property to “Raimundo comiti Barcheonæ et Almodi comitissæ coniugi tuæ et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii” by charter dated 26 Jun 1070[216]. "Froterius episcopus, Raimundus vicecomes nepos meus" donated property "monasterium…Castras" to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 12 Jun 1073[217]. m (before 3 Jan 1062) ERMENGARDE de Carcassonne, daughter of PIERRE RAYMOND Comte de Carcassonne, Vicomte de Béziers et d'Agde & his wife Rangarde --- (-after 26 Mar 1099). "Petrus comes et uxor mea Ranguardis et filius noster Rotgerius et filiæ nostræ Garsindis, Ermengardis et Adalaicis" donated property to the church of Béziers by charter dated 3 Mar 1054[218]. "Raingardis comitissa et gener meus Raymundus et uxor eius filia mea…Ermengardis et soror eius Adalais" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated 3 Jan 1062[219]. She succeeded her brother in 1067 as Vicomtesse de Béziers et d'Agde. “Raymundus Bernardi vicecomes et uxor eius Ermengardis vicecomitissa” sold their part of the county of Carcassonne to “domno Raymundo Barcheonæ comiti et domnæ Adalmodi comitissæ” by charter dated 2 Mar 1067, which names “Petrus Raimundi comes…[et] Rodgarius comes de Fox…filio suo”[220]. "Ermengardis comitissa…et filius meus Bernardus" donated property rights to the church of Sainte-Marie, Agde by charter dated [1074][221], presumably shortly after the death of her husband as he is not named, but this is not stated explicitly in the document. "Rogerius comes Fuxensis" and "Ermengarda vicecomitissa et…Bernardo Atonis filio eius" settled their disputes about the county of Carcassonne by charter dated 21 Apr 1095[222]. "Ermengardis visce comitissa filia Rangardis" donated property in "villa…Licairag…pro remedium animo seniore meo Raimundo" to the abbey of Conques by charter dated Nov [1097/1107], naming "filio meo Bernardo Atto"[223]. "Hermengardis vice comitissa et filius meus Bernardus Atto" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 26 Mar 1099[224]. Raymond Bernard & his wife had two children:

(a) GUILLERMA (-after 26 Jun 1070). The marriage contract of "Raymundus Bernardus vicecomes et Hermengard mulier mea…filia nostra…Guilherma" and "Petro…Ato" [Pierre Vicomte de Bruniquel] is dated 29 Oct 1069 and names "in comitatu Ruthenense…castrum…Bruscha…[et] castrum…Castro-novo…[et] castrum…Lavineira…[et] medietatem de…castro de Juliano et de…castro de Rocabruno…" as her dowry[225]. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 26 Jun 1070 under which “Remundus Bernardi vicecomes cognomento Trencaveis et Ermengardis vicecomitissa conjux mea, filia…Rangardis comitissæ” transferred property to “Raimundo comiti Barcheonæ et Almodi comitissæ coniugi tuæ et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii” which names “Guillermus vicecomes Biterrensis…avus Petri Raymundi”, and is subscribed by “Guillerma filia Ermengardis vicecomitissæ”[226]. m (contract 29 Oct 1069) PIERRE ATO Vicomte de Bruniquel, son of ---.

(b) BERNARD ATON [IV] (-1129). "Ermengardis visce comitissa filia Rangardis" names "filio meo Bernardo Atto" in her charter dated Nov [1097/1107][227]. He succeeded his father in 1074 as Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes. He succeeded his mother in [1099] as Vicomte de Béziers et d'Agde.

- VICOMTES de BEZIERS.

b) FROTHAIRE (-1077). "Atho et uxor mea Girberga et filii nostri Bernardus et Froterius" donated property "in comitatu Albiense, in vicaria Gigidense in villa…Bota" by charter dated 18 Mar 993[228]. The Chronica Nemausensis names "Froterius episcopus frater Atonis vicecomitis"[229]. "Guillelms Coms fils d´Aladaiz et Ramon et Aiarigs fils Garsen" promised "Atoni fil Gauciane et Froterio fil Girbergane" quiet possession of "lo castel de Dornian" by charter dated to [1025], which names "Athonem et Froter filium suum"[230]. Bishop of Nîmes 1027. "Geraldus et frater meus Sicharius et filii Geraldi et filii Sicharii" donated their share in "castello de Causago" to "Froterio episcopo et fratri eius Bernardo et Segario fratri eorum", by charter dated Jul [1035][231]. "Froterius episcopus, Raimundus vicecomes nepos meus" donated property "monasterium…Castras" to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 12 Jun 1073[232].

c) SEGAIRE (-after Jul [1035]). "Geraldus et frater meus Sicharius et filii Geraldi et filii Sicharii" donated their share in "castello de Causago" to "Froterio episcopo et fratri eius Bernardo et Segario fratri eorum", by charter dated Jul [1035][233].

3. FROTHAIRE (-1014). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 20 Oct 1146 under which "Cæcilia vicecomitissa quæ fuit uxor domini Bernardi-Atonis vicecomitis Biterris et filii eorum Rotgerius, Raymundus Trinquauel et Bernardis-Atonis vicecomites Biterris, Carcassonæ, Nemausi et Albiæ" confirmed donations by "maiores nostri generis…Diasfronisa vicecomitissa et Bernardus vicecomes filius eius et Gaucia eius coniux et filii eorundem Froterius Albiensis episcopus et Ato vicecomes"[234]. Bishop of Nîmes 986.

C. VICOMTES de BRUNIQUEL

1. PIERRE ATHON . Vicomte de Bruniquel. m (contract 29 Oct 1069) GUILLERMA d´Albi, daughter of RAYMOND BERNARD "Trencavel" Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes & his wife Ermengarde de Carcassonne. The marriage contract of "Raymundus Bernardus vicecomes et Hermengard mulier mea…filia nostra…Guilherma" and "Petro…Ato" [Pierre Vicomte de Bruniquel] is dated 29 Oct 1069 and names "in comitatu Ruthenense…castrum…Bruscha…[et] castrum…Castro-novo…[et] castrum…Lavineira…[et] medietatem de…castro de Juliano et de…castro de Rocabruno…" as her dowry[235]. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 26 Jun 1070 under which “Remundus Bernardi vicecomes cognomento Trencaveis et Ermengardis vicecomitissa conjux mea, filia…Rangardis comitissæ” transferred property to “Raimundo comiti Barcheonæ et Almodi comitissæ coniugi tuæ et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii” which names “Guillermus vicecomes Biterrensis…avus Petri Raymundi”, and is subscribed by “Guillerma filia Ermengardis vicecomitissæ”[236]. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Jun 1156 under which her grandsons "Arnaldus et Ademarus frater meus de Brunichel" sold "castrum de Bruscha" inherited from "avia nostra Guillerma…mater patris nostri Atonis" to "Raymundo Trencavello vicecomiti Biterrensi et filio tuo Rogerio de Biterris"[237]. Pierre Athon & his wife had one child:

a) PIERRE ATHON [II] (-after 1139). "Atto vicecomes et Fina uxor Armanni vicecomitis" donated property to Moissac, for the soul of "prædicti Artmanni vicecomitis", to Conques by charter dated to [1120][238]. "Petro vicecomite filio Guilherma" confirmed a donation by Bishop Froterius dated 1139[239]. His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated Jun 1156 under which his sons "Arnaldus et Ademarus frater meus de Brunichel" sold "castrum de Bruscha" inherited from "avia nostra Guillerma…mater patris nostri Atonis" to "Raymundo Trencavello vicecomiti Biterrensi et filio tuo Rogerio de Biterris"[240]. m ---. The name of Athon´s wife is not known. Athon & his wife had two children:

i) ADEMAR de Bruniquel (-after 18 Sep 1156). Vicomte de Bruniquel. "Arnaldus et Ademarus frater meus de Brunichel" sold "castrum de Bruscha" inherited from "avia nostra Guillerma…mater patris nostri Atonis" to "Raymundo Trencavello vicecomiti Biterrensi et filio tuo Rogerio de Biterris" by charter dated Jun 1156[241]. A charter dated 18 Sep 1156 records an agreement between "Ademar et Arnald vicecomites de Brunichel" and "Austor filium Austor de Lunas" relating to "castrum de Bruscha"[242].

ii) ARNAUD de Bruniquel (-after 18 Sep 1156). Vicomte de Bruniquel. "Arnaldus et Ademarus frater meus de Brunichel" sold "castrum de Bruscha" inherited from "avia nostra Guillerma…mater patris nostri Atonis" to "Raymundo Trencavello vicecomiti Biterrensi et filio tuo Rogerio de Biterris" by charter dated Jun 1156[243]. A charter dated 18 Sep 1156 records an agreement between "Ademar et Arnald vicecomites de Brunichel" and "Austor filium Austor de Lunas" relating to "castrum de Bruscha"[244].

b) [ARMAND (-before [1120]). Vicomte. m FINA, daughter of ---. "Atto vicecomes et Fina uxor Armanni vicecomitis" donated property to Moissac, for the soul of "prædicti Artmanni vicecomitis", to Conques by charter dated to [1120][245].]

2. PIERRE de Bruniquel (-after 9 May [1105]). "Geraldus et uxor mea…Willelma et consanguinei mei Petrus vicecomes et Frotard" donated "ecclesiam de Cambone" to the abbey of Vabre by charter dated Apr [1105][246]. m FOI de Narbonne, daughter of BERNARD Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife Fides [Foi] de Rouergue (-after 9 May [1105]). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Petrus vicecomes et conjux mea Fides" exchanged property with the abbey of Vabre by charter dated 9 May [1105], subscribed by "Aldeberti…"[247].

1. --- . Vicomte. m PETRONILLE, daughter of --- (-after [1160]). A charter dated to [1160] records a donation by "na Peironela la viscomtessa" of property "en la parrochia de la gleisa de Biule" to Moissac, with the consent of "nArnaus Bernars sos fils et sa filla na Braida"[248]. Two children:

a) ARNAUD BERNARD . A charter dated to [1160] records a donation by "na Peironela la viscomtessa" of property "en la parrochia de la gleisa de Biule" to Moissac, with the consent of "nArnaus Bernars sos fils et sa filla na Braida"[249].

b) BRAIDE . A charter dated to [1160] records a donation by "na Peironela la viscomtessa" of property "en la parrochia de la gleisa de Biule" to Moissac, with the consent of "nArnaus Bernars sos fils et sa filla na Braida"[250].

D. SEIGNEURS de CASTRES

GUY de Montfort, son of SIMON [IV] Sire de Montfort & his wife Amicie of Leicester (-killed in battle Vareilles near Pamiers 31 Jan 1228, bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of "comes Symon Montisfortis et Guido frater eius" as "Guilelmum comitem Licestrie…sorore"[251]. The Lignages d'Outremer name "Gui de Monfort" as brother of "Symon le conte de Montfort"[252]. A charter dated Feb 1199 recalls a donation to the leprosery of Grand-Beaulieu near Chartres by "Amauricus de Monteforti", with the consent of "Amauricus parvus filius eiusdem Amaurici, qui erat sub custodia Amaurici de Mestenon", and the confirmation by "Simon de Monteforti, predictorum successor virorum et heres" with the consent of "uxore mea Eva [presumably an error for Alix] et filiis meis Amaurico et Guidone et fratre meo Guidone"[253]. "Symon dominus Montisfortis et Guido frater meus" confirmed donations to Saint-Martin-des-Champs made by "comes Amauricus abavus noster" by charter dated 1 Jan/9 Apr 1200 or 1 Jan/25 Mar 1201[254]. Seigneur de Castres-en-Albigeois et de Ferté-Alais. Seigneur de Brétencourt 1202. "Li cuens Symon de Monfort et Gui ses freres" left on crusade in 1202[255]. Villehardouin records that, after the siege of Zara, "Simon de Montfort [and]…his brother Guy de Montfort" deserted the army to join the king of Hungary[256]. Seigneur de Ferté-Alais et de Castres. The Continuator of William of Tyre records that, after their arrival in Palestine, "li cuens Symon de Montfort" remained in the land and "ses freres Guis si prist a feme la dame de Saete"[257]. The Chronicle of Ernoul records the arrival of "li quens Simons de Montfort, et Guis ses freres" in Palestine [in 1204] and that "Guis prist à feme le dame de Saiete"[258]. The Historia Albigensium of Pierre de Vaux-Cernay records the return "a partibus transmarinis" of "comes…Guido frater eius germanus" who held "castrum in diocese Albigensi…Castra", dated to [1211] from the context[259]. "Guido de Monteforti" donated property to "ecclesiæ de Pruliano", with the consent of "uxoris Alicis Sidoniæ dominæ", by charter dated 1 Jun 1216[260]. The necrology of Haute-Bruyère lists members of the Montfort family who are buried in the abbey, including "…conte Gui de Sagette qui fut frere du conte Simon…"[261].

m firstly ([1204]) as her second husband, HELVIS Ibelin, widow of RENAUD of Sidon Lord of Sagette, daughter of BALIAN of Ibelin Lord of Nablus & his wife Maria Komnene ([1182]-before 1 Jun 1216). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "uxorem Renaldi de Sidone" as the daughter of "Bethuliani de Guibelin" & his wife and her second husband "Guido de Monteforti", but does not name her[262]. The Lignages d'Outremer name (in order) "une fille…Heloys, et un fiz Johan et une autre fille Marguerite, et un fiz Phelippe" as children of "Belleem de Ybelin" & his wife, stating that "Heloys" was wife firstly of "Renaut seignor de Seete" and secondly of "Gui de Monfort"[263]. The Chronicle of Ernoul records the arrival of "li quens Simons de Montfort, et Guis ses freres" in Palestine [in 1204] and that "Guis prist à feme le dame de Saiete"[264]. "Guido de Monteforti" donated property to "ecclesiæ de Pruliano", with the consent of "uxoris Alicis Sidoniæ dominæ", by charter dated 1 Jun 1216[265].

m secondly (before Jul 1224) as her second husband, BRIENDE de Beynes, widow of LAMBERT de Thury Baron de Lombers, daughter of LAMBERT Adémar co-Seigneur de Monteil Baron de la Garde & his wife Tiburge de Baux. "Brienni uxoris mee et Filippi filii mei et ceterorum liberorum meorum" consented to the donation by "Guido de Monteforti" to Port-Royal by charter dated Jul 1224[266]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and first marriage has not yet been identified.

Guy & his first wife had three children:

1. PHILIPPE de Montfort (-murdered Tyre 12 Aug 1270). The Lignages d'Outremer name (in order) "Phelippe de Monfort et II filles Prunelle et Florence" as children of "Gui de Monfort" and his wife "Heloys"[267]. "Brienni uxoris mee et Filippi filii mei et ceterorum liberorum meorum" consented to the donation by "Guido de Monteforti" to Port-Royal by charter dated Jul 1224[268]. He succeeded his father in 1228 as Seigneur de Castres-en-Albigeois et de La Ferté-Alais. Seigneur de Brétencourt 1230. He arrived in Palestine in 1239[269]. After Tyre was captured in 1243 from the Filangieri brothers, Raoul de Soissons, co-regent of Jerusalem, demanded the city for the kingdom of Jerusalem but with support from the Ibelin family it was given as a fief to Philippe de Montfort who thereby became Lord of Tyre[270]. Henri I King of Cyprus, in his capacity of regent of Jerusalem, confirmed Philippe's possession of Tyre in 1246[271]. He was pretender to the throne of Armenia in 1248, by right of his second wife[272]. After Hugues III King of Cyprus succeeded as King of Jerusalem in 1268, he attempted to heal the rifts between the families of the Frankish knights and in particular proposed the marriage of his own sister to Philippe de Montfort's son[273]. He was murdered while he and his older son were praying in a chapel by one of the Assassins of Syria on the orders of Sultan Baibars[274]. m firstly (before 1228) ELEONORE de Courtenay, daughter of PIERRE [II] Seigneur de Courtenay Emperor of Constantinople & his second wife Yolande de Flandre Marquise de Namur ([1208]-before 1230, bur Paris, Abbaye Saint-Antoine des Champs). The Lignages d'Outremer record that "Phelippe de Monfort" married "la fille au comte d'Ausseure"[275]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. m secondly (after 6 Jul 1240) MARIE of Antioch, daughter of RAYMOND RUPEN Prince of Antioch & his wife Héloise of Cyprus (1215-). The Lignages d'Outremer name "Marie" as the daughter of "prince Rupin" & his wife, stating that she was (second) wife of "mesire Phelippe de Monfort"[276]. She succeeded her paternal grandmother as heiress of Toron. The Chronicle of Philippe de Novare refers to the wife of "messier Phelippe de Montfort" as "la dame dou Toron"[277]. Philippe [I] & his first wife had three children:

a) PHILIPPE [II] de Montfort (-Tunis 24 Sep 1270, bur Castres). The Lignages d'Outremer name "Phelippe qui fu nom Coton" as son of "Phelippe de Monfort" and "la fille au comte d'Ausseure", stating that Philippe "morut"[278]. Seigneur de Castres et de la Ferté-Alais.

- see below.

b) other children: LORDS of TYRE.

2. PERNELLE de Montfort . The Lignages d'Outremer name (in order) "Phelippe de Monfort et II filles Prunelle et Florence" as children of "Gui de Monfort" and his wife "Heloys", specifying that the daughters were nuns[279]. Nun at Saint-Antoine des Champs, Paris.

3. FLORENCE de Montfort . The Lignages d'Outremer name (in order) "Phelippe de Monfort et II filles Prunelle et Florence" as children of "Gui de Monfort" and his wife "Heloys", specifying that the daughters were nuns[280]. Nun.

Guy & his second wife had three children:

4. ALICIE de Montfort . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Nun at Port-Royal 1259.

5. AGNES de Montfort . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Nun at Port-Royal 1259.

6. GUIDON de Montfort (-on crusade, before his mother). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

PHILIPPE [II] de Montfort, son of PHILIPPE de Montfort Lord of Tyre & his first wife Eléonore de Courtenay (-Tunis 24 Sep 1270, bur Castres). The Lignages d'Outremer name "Phelippe qui fu nom Coton" as son of "Phelippe de Monfort" and "la fille au comte d'Ausseure", stating that Philippe "morut"[281]. Seigneur de Castres et de la Ferté-Alais. "Symon de Monteforti comes Lincestrie" granted his proxy to administer the county of Bigorre to "dominum Philippum de Monteforti…consanguineum nostrum" by charter dated 9 Apr 1259[282]. The testament of "Philippus de Monteforti", dated 1 Apr 1271, names "uxoris nostre Johanne"[283]. A fragment written by Bernard Guidonis records the death "IV Kal Oct" in 1270 of "dominus Philippus de Monte Forti junior, filius Philippi senioris" and his burial "ad fratres Castrenses"[284].

m JEANNE de Levis, daughter of GUY [II] de Levis Maréchal de Mirepoix & his wife Jeanne --- (-30 May 1284, bur Castres). A fragment written by Bernard Guidonis names "dominæ Johannæ" as widow of "dominus Philippus de Monte Forti junior, filius Philippi senioris"[285]. A charter dated 15 May 1295 included in the cartulary of Notre-Dame de la Roche records the partition of property of Montfort and Castro, agreed by "Joannes de Monteforti comes Squllacii et Montis-Caviosi ac regni Siciliæ camerarius, Bernardus de Convenis miles…et domicella Elienore de Monteforti" which names their parents "bonæ memoriæ D Philippi de Monteforti patris et D Joannæ de Leviers matris nostrum predictorum Joannis, Lauræ et Elienoris"[286]. A fragment written by Bernard Guidonis records the death "III Kal Jun" in 1284 of "domina Johanna uxor quondam...domini Philippi...filia domini Mirapicis"[287].

Philippe [II] & his wife had five children:

1. JEANNE de Montfort ([1255/60]-1300). Her birth date range is estimated from the birth of her first child (by her first marriage) in [1274/75]. Jeanne must have been considerably older than her sister Eléonore, considering her own estimated birth date and that her sister gave birth to four children after her marriage in [1295/1302]. A charter dated [1/28] Nov 1282 records an agreement between the monks of Cluny and "Ludovicum dominum Bellijoci", and names “dominam Ysabellam matrem suam, relictam domini Raynaudi, quondam comitis Forensis, patris sui” and “dominam Johannam, relictam Guidonis, quondam fratris dicti Ludovici, et comitis Forensis”[288]. The court of Lyon confirmed the guardianship of "Gioanni figlio pupillo di Guidone Conte di Forest" naming "Gioanna di Monfort Contessa di Forest Madre del detto Gioanni" and her second marriage with "Lodovico di Savoia Signore di Vaud fratello del Conte Amedeo" by charter dated 23 Jun 1283[289]. The testament of "dominæ Joannæ de Monteforti quondam comitissæ Forensis, uxorisque quondam…domini Ludovici de Sabaudia domini Vaudi" dated Nov 1293 chooses her burial "in cimiterio Fratrum Minorum Montisbrisonis" and makes bequests to "a Gioanni di lei figlio Conte di Forest…ad Isabella di Lei figlia moglie di Berardo di Merevel…a Lora, Margarita, Gioannetta, Beatrice, Eleonora, Cattarina e Bianca pur sue figlie…a Pietro di Lei figlio…altri suoi Benidto Lodovico suo figlio"[290]. She is not named in the agreement dated 15 May 1295 which records the partition of property between her brother and sisters (see above)[291], which suggests that she may have died before that date. m firstly (1268) GUY [VI] Comte de Forez, son of RENAUD Comte de Forez [Albon] & his wife Isabelle de Beaujeu (-19 Jan 1278). m secondly (1278) as his second wife, LOUIS de Savoie Baron de Vaud, son of THOMAS II Conte [Marchese] del Piemonte & his second wife Beatrice Fieschi ([1254]-[10 Jan 1302/27 Apr 1303]).

2. JEAN [II] de Montfort (-Foggia [1/3] Dec 1300, bur Foggia, transferred 29 Jun 1305 to Castres). The Lignages d'Outremer name "Johan…conte d'Esquilach et conte chamberlain" as second son of "Phelippe de Monfort" and "la fille au conte d'Ausseure", stating that Jean died without heirs[292], but this confuses Philippe [I] with Philippe [II]. A charter dated 15 May 1295 included in the cartulary of Notre-Dame de la Roche records the partition of property of Montfort and Castro, agreed by "Joannes de Monteforti comes Squllacii et Montis-Caviosi ac regni Siciliæ camerarius, Bernardus de Convenis miles…et domicella Elienore de Monteforti" which names their parents "bonæ memoriæ D Philippi de Monteforti patris et D Joannæ de Leviers matris nostrum predictorum Joannis, Lauræ et Elienoris"[293]. Conte di Squillace e Montescaglioso. Captain-General of Calabria 1299. A fragment written by Bernard Guidonis records the death "Kal Dec" in 1300 of "dominus Johannes de Monte Forti comes Squillaci et Montis Caveosi ac camerarius regni Siciliæ, dominus terræ Albigesii", his burial "Fogia...in ecclesia Fogitana" where he died, and his transfer 29 Jun 1305 "ad conventum Castrensem"[294]. m firstly ISABELLA Maletta, daughter of MANFREDO Maletta & his wife [Filippa di Antiochia]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m secondly GIOVANNA di Fasanella Signora di Genzano, daughter of PANDOLFO di Fasanella & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m thirdly MARGUERITE de Beaumont-en-Gâtinais, daughter of PIERRE Seigneur de Beaumont-en-Gâtinais & his wife --- (-Marseille Mar 1307). Her parentage and first marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 1290 under which “Johannes de Monteforti, Squillacii et Montiscanosi comes, ac regni Sicilie camerarius et Margarita uxor mea” confirmed a bequest by “quondam dominus Petrus, dominus Bellimontis…socer noster et pater prefate Margarete” to the abbey of Saint-Antoine[295]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. She married secondly Robert [II] de Dreux Seigneur de Beu [Capet] (-1303).

3. LAURE de Montfort (-before 1 Dec 1300). A charter dated 15 May 1295 included in the cartulary of Notre-Dame de la Roche records the partition of property of Montfort and Castro, agreed by "Joannes de Monteforti comes Squllacii et Montis-Caviosi ac regni Siciliæ camerarius, Bernardus de Convenis miles…" which specifies that the latter was "primogenitus D comitis Convenarum" and that he was acting for "Lauræ de Monteforti consortis nostræ"[296]. m BERNARD [VII] Comte de Comminges, son of BERNARD [VI] Comte de Comminges & his wife Thérèse --- (-21 Jul 1312).

4. ELEONORE de Montfort (-after 18 May 1338, bur Castres). A charter dated 15 May 1295 included in the cartulary of Notre-Dame de la Roche records the partition of property of Montfort and Castro, agreed by "Joannes de Monteforti comes Squllacii et Montis-Caviosi ac regni Siciliæ camerarius, Bernardus de Convenis miles…et domicella Elienore de Monteforti" which names their parents "bonæ memoriæ D Philippi de Monteforti patris et D Joannæ de Leviers matris nostrum predictorum Joannis, Lauræ et Elienoris"[297]. A fragment written by Bernard Guidonis records the presence of "domina Helyonorda de Monte Forti...comitissa Vindocinensis cum tribus filiis suis, soror et heres præfati domini Johannis de Monte Forti" at the reburial of the body of the latter at Castres in 1305[298]. The necrology of Port-Royal records the donation in 1314 by "dame Alienor de Montfort comtesse de Vendosme" for "son…filz Buchard comte de Vendosme le premier né"[299]. m ([15 May 1295/28 Feb 1302]) JEAN [V] Comte de Vendôme, son of BOUCHARD [V] Comte de Vendôme & his wife Marie de Roye (-after 18 May 1315).

5. SIMON de Montfort (-Apulia 24 Jan 1275, bur Castres). A fragment written by Bernard Guidonis records the death "IX Kal Feb...in partibus Apuliæ" in 1275 of "dominus Simon de Monte Forti miles, filius...domini Philippi patroni nostri" and his burial "in eadem ecclesia Sancti Vicentii ad pedes genitoris sui"[300].

E. VICOMTES de LAUTREC

1. --- . m RANGARDE, daughter of ---. One child:

a) ISARN (-[Sep 987/989]). Vicomte [de Lautrec]. The testament of "Gersindæ comitissæ", dated to [972], bequeathed property for life "ecclesiam meam de Bar" to "Isarnus vicecomes"[301]. "Froterius episcopus filius Ermendructæ" accepted allegiance from "Isarno filio Rangardæ" relating to "castello…Lautrico" by charter dated to [985][302]. "Pontius comes" donated "illum meum vicum de Viancio" to the church of Albi, on the advice of "Isarni vicecomitis", by charter dated Sep 987[303].

2. --- . m AVIERNA, daughter of ---. One child:

a) SICARD . Vicomte [de Lautrec]. "Sicardus vicecomes filius Avierna" swore allegiance to "Froterio episcopo, filio Hermendructæ" for "illo castello…Lautrico" by charter dated to [989][304].

3. ISARN (-after Oct [1038]). Vicomte [de Lautrec]. "Isarnus et Frotardus" donated the abbey of Vielmur to the church of Notre-Dame du Puy by charter dated Oct [1038], signed by "Isarno vicecomite, Frotardi, Remigii, Fredelone, Guisla vicecomitissa…"[305].

4. GUILABERT de Lautrec (-after [1112]). "Gillabertus de Lauraco et filii mei Gillabertus, Sicardus atque Gausbertus" swore allegiance to Bernard Aton Vicomte de Béziers by charter dated to [1112][306]. m ---. The name of Guilabert´s wife is not known. Guilabert & his wife had three children:

a) GUILABERT . "Gillabertus de Lauraco et filii mei Gillabertus, Sicardus atque Gausbertus" swore allegiance to Bernard Aton Vicomte de Béziers by charter dated to [1112][307].

b) SICARD . "Gillabertus de Lauraco et filii mei Gillabertus, Sicardus atque Gausbertus" swore allegiance to Bernard Aton Vicomte de Béziers by charter dated to [1112][308].

c) GAUSBERT . "Gillabertus de Lauraco et filii mei Gillabertus, Sicardus atque Gausbertus" swore allegiance to Bernard Aton Vicomte de Béziers by charter dated to [1112][309].

5. --- . m AVA, daughter of ---. One child:

a) SICARD [IV] (-[1159/60]). Vicomte de Lautrec. "Rogerius vicecomes et Sicardus vicecomes" made an agreement dated 1141[310]. "Sicardus filius Avæ fæminæ" swore allegiance to "Rogerio filio Cæciliæ" relating to "castello...Montlauder" by charter dated 1 Aug 1142[311]. “Sicardus de Lautrec vicecomes” donated property to Candeil by charter dated 1149[312]. “Sichards de Laurag fils d´Ava” swore allegiance to "Raimuns Trencavel vescons de Beders fils de Cecilia vescomtesse et…Roger fils de Raimuns Trencavel et de Saura comtesse" for "lo castel de Montlauder" by charter dated 16 Jul 1152[313]. “Sicardus de Laurac et uxor mea” donated property to the abbot of Candeil by charter dated 1157, signed by “Sicardus lo vescoms de Lautrec...“[314]. “Sicardus filius Avæ” swore allegiance to “Raymundo Trencavelli filio Cæciliæ vicecomitissæ et...Rogerio filio R. Trencavelli et Sauræ comitissæ“ by charter dated 1158[315]. “Sicardus vicecomes Lautricensis” donated property to “S. Pontio", to enable "filium meum Raymundum“ to become a monk there, by charter dated 1159, signed by "Sicardi filii sui"[316]. m --- (-after 1157). “Sicardus de Laurac et uxor mea” donated property to the abbot of Candel by charter dated 1157, signed by “Sicardus lo vescoms de Lautrec...“[317]. Sicard & his wife had three children:

i) SICARD [V] (-1193 or after). “Sicardus vicecomes Lautricensis” donated property to “S. Pontio", to enable "filium meum Raymundum“ to become a monk there, by charter dated 1159, signed by "Sicardi filii sui"[318]. Vicomte de Lautrec. “Sicardus vicecomes de Lautrec et...Petrus frater eius” confirmed the donations to Candeil by “Sicardus vicecomes pater noster" by charter dated 1160[319]. m (before 1176) ADELAIS de Béziers, daughter of RAYMOND TRENCAVEL Vicomte de Béziers & his [second] wife Saura ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated Feb 1188 under which "Sicardus vicecomes de Lautrec" the dowry received from "D. vicecomiti Biterrensi...D. Rogerio" when he married "Alazaici sorore tua"[320]. Sicard [V] & his wife had [one child]:

(a) [ALIX de Lautrec . According to the Histoire Générale de Languedoc, Alix and her marriage are shown only in secondary sources and no primary source has been identified which confirms her existence or that this couple´s children were the later Vicomtes de Lautrec[321]. m (1196) BAUDOUIN de Toulouse, son of RAYMOND V Comte de Toulouse & his wife Constance de France (Paris 1165-Montauban 12 Mar 1214).]

ii) RAYMOND (-after 1159). “Sicardus vicecomes Lautricensis” donated property to “S. Pontio", to enable "filium meum Raymundum“ to become a monk there, by charter dated 1159, signed by "Sicardi filii sui"[322]. Monk.

iii) PIERRE (-after 1160). “Sicardus vicecomes de Lautrec et...Petrus frater eius” confirmed the donations to Candeil by “Sicardus vicecomes pater noster" by charter dated 1160[323].

6. FROTARD (-after 1209). Vicomte de Lautrec. "Frotars vescoms de Lautrec" is named in a charter dated 18 Sep 1209[324].

It is not clear whether the following family group is related to the family of the vicomtes de Lautrec or not:

1. PIERRE ERMENGAUD de Lautrec (-[1203/09]). His date of death is fixed by the contract dated 1209 which names his supposed son or brother Hugues Ermengaud and the latter´s wife and father-in-law. m ---. The name of Pierre Ermengaud´s wife is not known. Pierre Ermengaud & his wife had [two] children:

a) GUILABERT (-[1206]). m (1203) as her first husband, INDIA de Toulouse, daughter of [RAYMOND VI Comte de Toulouse & his second wife Béatrice de Béziers]. The marriage contract of "Petrus Ermengavus de Lautrico…Guilabertum filium meum" and "Indiæ sorori…D. comitis Tolosæ" by charter dated 1203 in the presence of "eiusdem D. Raymundi comitis"[325]. She married secondly (11 Feb 1207) Bernard [II] Seigneur de l´Isle-Jourdain. A charter dated 11 Feb 1207 confirms the marriage of "D. N. Bernardus Jordanus de Insula" and "India", witnessed by "Bernardus comes Convenarum…Jordanus frater Bernardi Jordani"[326]. The co-identity with the widow of Guilabert is confirmed by a charter dated Jan 1211 which notes that "D. India soror D. comitis Tolosæ" reached agreement with "Ugoni Ermengavo filio Petri Ermengavi de Lautreg" about her dowry, naming "Guilaberto suo marito", with the agreement of "Bernardi Jordani de Insula sui mariti"[327]. A charter dated 1209 notes that "D. Raymundus…dux Narbonæ, comes Tolosæ" absolved "Aymerico de Castro-novo et D. Castellanæ filiæ eius, et Ugoni Ermengavo marito ipsius D. Castellanæ" from payment of the dowry for "dominam Indiam sororem eius, quondam uxorem Guilaberti, filii Petri Eremengavi de Lautrico"[328].

b) [HUGUES ERMENGAUD . A charter dated 1209 notes that "D. Raymundus…dux Narbonæ, comes Tolosæ" absolved "Aymerico de Castro-novo et D. Castellanæ filiæ eius, et Ugoni Ermengavo marito ipsius D. Castellanæ" from payment of the dowry for "dominam Indiam sororem eius, quondam uxorem Guilaberti, filii Petri Eremengavi de Lautrico"[329]. This charter does not specify that Hugues Ermengaud was the son of Pierre Ermengaud. Another possibility is that they were brothers, although the fact that Hugues Ermengaud´s father was alive in 1209 suggests that this may be less probable. m CASTELLANE de Castelnau, daughter of AIMERY de Castelnau & his wife ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 1209 which notes that "D. Raymundus…dux Narbonæ, comes Tolosæ" absolved "Aymerico de Castro-novo et D. Castellanæ filiæ eius, et Ugoni Ermengavo marito ipsius D. Castellanæ" from payment of the dowry for "dominam Indiam sororem eius, quondam uxorem Guilaberti, filii Petri Eremengavi de Lautrico"[330].]

Two brothers:

1. BERTRAND [I] (-1258 or after). Vicomte de Lautrec. "Bertrand vicomte de Lautrec…et Pierre, Isarn, Sicard, Gui, Bertrand et Amalric frères, vicomtes de Lautrec ses neveux" agreed to partition the vicomté de Lautrec by charter dated Apr 1242[331]. m ---. The name of Bertrand´s wife is not known. Bertrand [I] & his wife had one child:

a) SICARD [VII] . m ---. The name of Sicard´s wife is not known. Sicard [VII] & his wife had one child:

i) BERTRAND [II] . Bertrand exchanged his part of the vicomté de Lautrec with Philippe IV King of France for the vicomté de Caraman in 1306[332].

2. SICARD [VI] . Vicomte de Lautrec. "Sicardus vicecomes…" witnessed the contract of marriage between "Matfredus de Rabastenx...Comtoressæ filiæ [suæ]" and "D. Ramundo...duci Narbonæ, comiti Tolosæ...Bertrando fratrem nostrum" dated Dec 1224[333]. m AGNES de Mauvoisin, daughter of ---. Sicard [VI] & his wife had seven children:

a) PIERRE . Vicomte de Lautrec. "Bertrand vicomte de Lautrec…et Pierre, Isarn, Sicard, Gui, Bertrand et Amalric frères, vicomtes de Lautrec ses neveux" agreed to partition the vicomté de Lautrec by charter dated Apr 1242[334]. A manuscript chronicle records that "Petrus vice-comes Lautrici" swore allegiance to Raymond VII Comte de Toulouse in 1240 for "castro suo de Brugeria et aliis"[335]. m as her first husband, VACQUERIE de Monteil-Ademar, daughter of LAMBERT Adémar de Monteil {now Montélimar, Drôme} Seigneur de Lombers & his wife Bérengère de Lautrec[336]. She married secondly Jourdain [IV] Seigneur de l´Isle-Jourdain. A charter dated 2 Oct 1271 records disputes between "dominam Vacqueriam uxorem...domini Jordani de Insula" and "dominos Bertrandum et Amalricum fratres, vicecomites Lautricenses" about the dowry of the former for her marriage to "dominum Petrum quondam vicecomitem Lautricensem, virum suum quondam dicte domine Vacquerie" whose heirs were the latter brothers[337].

b) ISARN (-after 4 Aug 1267). "Bertrand vicomte de Lautrec…et Pierre, Isarn, Sicard, Gui, Bertrand et Amalric frères, vicomtes de Lautrec ses neveux" agreed to partition the vicomté de Lautrec by charter dated Apr 1242[338]. Alphonse Comte de Poitou et de Toulouse instructed "Philippo de Monteforti, militi" to restore "villam...Brugueria" to "Ysarni vicecomitis Lautricensis et Bertrandi fratris ipsius" having taken it from them unlawfully, by documents dated 4 Aug 1267 and 1 Dec 1267[339]. Ancestor of the Seigneurs de Montfa et de Saint-Germier.

c) SICARD (-before 6 Jun 1267). "Bertrand vicomte de Lautrec…et Pierre, Isarn, Sicard, Gui, Bertrand et Amalric frères, vicomtes de Lautrec ses neveux" agreed to partition the vicomté de Lautrec by charter dated Apr 1242[340]. Alphonse Comte de Poitou et de Toulouse names "Sycart viconte de Lautré, domzel" in a document dated 17 Nov 1267[341].

d) GUY d'Albi (-after 6 Jun 1267). "Bertrand vicomte de Lautrec…et Pierre, Isarn, Sicard, Gui, Bertrand et Amalric frères, vicomtes de Lautrec ses neveux" agreed to partition the vicomté de Lautrec by charter dated Apr 1242[342]. Alphonse Comte de Poitou et de Toulouse "senescallo Tholose et Albiensis" noted in a document dated 6 Jun 1267 that "Guido dictus Albigiensis, miles, frater quondam vicecomitis Lautricensis" requested rights of succession to his brother's estate[343].

e) BERTRAND (-after 2 Oct 1271). "Bertrand vicomte de Lautrec…et Pierre, Isarn, Sicard, Gui, Bertrand et Amalric frères, vicomtes de Lautrec ses neveux" agreed to partition the vicomté de Lautrec by charter dated Apr 1242[344]. Alphonse Comte de Poitou et de Toulouse instructed "Philippo de Monteforti, militi" to restore "villam...Brugueria" {Labruguière, Tarn} to "Ysarni vicecomitis Lautricensis et Bertrandi fratris ipsius" having taken it from them unlawfully, by document dated 4 Aug 1267 and 1 Dec 1267[345]. A charter dated 2 Oct 1271 records disputes between "dominam Vacqueriam uxorem...domini Jordani de Insula" and "dominos Bertrandum et Amalricum fratres, vicecomites Lautricenses" about the dowry of the former for her marriage to "dominum Petrum quondam vicecomitem Lautricensem, virum suum quondam dicte domine Vacquerie" whose heirs were the latter brothers[346].

f) AMAURY (-after 2 Oct 1271). "Bertrand vicomte de Lautrec…et Pierre, Isarn, Sicard, Gui, Bertrand et Amalric frères, vicomtes de Lautrec ses neveux" agreed to partition the vicomté de Lautrec by charter dated Apr 1242[347]. A charter dated 2 Oct 1271 records disputes between "dominam Vacqueriam uxorem...domini Jordani de Insula" and "dominos Bertrandum et Amalricum fratres, vicecomites Lautricenses" about the dowry of the former for her marriage to "dominum Petrum quondam vicecomitem Lautricensem, virum suum quondam dicte domine Vacquerie" whose heirs were the latter brothers[348].

g) BEATRIX . m SICARD d´Aleman, son of ---. Principal adviser of Raymond VII Comte de Toulouse[349].

3. BERTRAND . Vicomte de Lautrec. m ---. The name of Bertrand´s wife is not known. Bertrand & his wife had one child:

a) BEATRIX (-[1352]). Vicomtesse de Lautrec. "Béatrix de Lautrec" bequeathed money for her future marriage to her daughter Regine, by her testament dated 30 Jul 1315[350]. Jean I Comte d´Armagnac, acting for his wife "fille et heritière de feu Bertrand de Goth vicomte de Lomagne et d´Auvillars", assigned a pension to "Béatrix de Lautrec, veuve de Bertrand de Goth" by charter dated 10 Jun 1324[351]. "Regina de Gutto comitissa Armaniaci Fesenciaci et Ruthenensis vicecomitissaque Leomaniæ et Altavillaris", under her testament dated 12 Aug 1325, appointed "dominæ Beatrici vice-comitissæ Lautricensi matri suæ…Rogerio de Armaniaco et Domino Amanevo de Lebreto" as her executors[352]. m firstly BERTRAND de Goth, son of ARNAUD GARSIE de Goth [later Vicomte de Lomagne et d´Auvillars] & his wife Miramonde de Mauléon (-[22 May/4 Jun] 1324). He succeeded his father in 1311 as Vicomte de Lomagne et d´Auvillars. m secondly ROGER de la Barthe ecuyer, son of ---.

4. BERTRAND [II] . Vicomte de Lautrec.

a) BEATRIX . m (before 28 Jul 1298) PHILIPPE de Levis, son of GUY [III] de Lévis Maréchal de Mirepoix & his wife Isabelle de Marly [Montmorency] (-after 12 Jun 1304).

5. PHILIPPE . Vicomte de Lautrec. A manuscript chronicle records that "Philippus vice-comes Lautrici" swore allegiance for his vicomté to the French king in 1389[353].

6. HUGUES d´Arpajon . Vicomte de Lautrec. A manuscript chronicle records that "D. Ugo de Arpajou vice-comes Lautrici" swore allegiance for "castro suo de Bellagarda" to the French king in 1389[354].

7. HUGUES de Caraman . Vicomte de Lautrec. A manuscript chronicle records that "D. Hugo de Caramanno vice-comes Lautrici" swore allegiance for "suo vice-comitatu...[et] Saxiaco" to the French king in 1402[355].

F. VICOMTES de SAINT-ANTONIN

1. ISARN . Vicomte de Saint-Antonin. "Isarnus vicecomes et fratres eius Guillelmus Jordani et Petrus vicecomes" agreed with "Guillelmo de Fontanis et filiis suis et suis nepotibus, filiis…Umberti fratris sui" to divide their territories by charter dated Jun 1155[356]. "Isarnz lo vescoms de S. Antoni" ratified past acquisitions in his lands by the Templars at Vaour {Tarn} by charter dated May 1182[357].

2. GUILLAUME JORDAN . "Isarnus vicecomes et fratres eius Guillelmus Jordani et Petrus vicecomes" agreed with "Guillelmo de Fontanis et filiis suis et suis nepotibus, filiis…Umberti fratris sui" to divide their territories by charter dated Jun 1155[358].

3. PIERRE . Vicomte. "Isarnus vicecomes et fratres eius Guillelmus Jordani et Petrus vicecomes" agreed with "Guillelmo de Fontanis et filiis suis et suis nepotibus, filiis…Umberti fratris sui" to divide their territories by charter dated Jun 1155[359].

Two brothers:

1. FROTARD (-[Apr 1182/Dec 1184]). Vicomte de Saint-Antonin. "Frotardz lo vescoms de Saint Antoni et Sicariz sos fraire" ratified past acquisitions by the Templars at Vaour {Tarn} by charter dated Apr 1182[360].

2. SICARD (-after Dec 1184). "Frotardz lo vescoms de Saint Antoni et Sicariz sos fraire" ratified past acquisitions by the Templars at Vaour {Tarn} by charter dated Apr 1182[361]. Vicomte de Saint-Antonin. "Sicardus vicecomes" ratified past acquisitions by the Templars at Vaour {Tarn} by charter dated Dec 1184[362].

1. FROTARD (-after 2 Jul 1198). Vicomte de Saint-Antonin. “Frotardum vicecomitem S. Antonini, Biertrandam uxorem eius et Izarndum eorum filium" sold their interest in "castro de Causada" to "Raterio de Causada, filio Raterii vicecomitis" by charter dated 2 Jul 1198[363]. m BERTRANDE, daughter of ---. “Frotardum vicecomitem S. Antonini, Biertrandam uxorem eius et Izarndum eorum filium" sold their interest in "castro de Causada" to "Raterio de Causada, filio Raterii vicecomitis" by charter dated 2 Jul 1198[364]. Frotard & his wife had one child:

a) ISARN . “Frotardum vicecomitem S. Antonini, Biertrandam uxorem eius et Izarndum eorum filium" sold their interest in "castro de Causada" to "Raterio de Causada, filio Raterii vicecomitis" by charter dated 2 Jul 1198[365].

G. VICOMTES de TOULOUSE

1. --- . [Vicomte de Toulouse]. m AVIGERNA, daughter of GERARD Comte de Limoges & his wife Adaltrude --- (-after [894/909]). The Vita Sancti Geraldi Aureliacensis Comitis records that "Raimundum…comitem filium…Odonis" captured "nepotem domni Geraldi…Benedictum, Tolosæ…vicecomitem" and that "Geraldus…cum sorore sua Avigerna" requested his release[366]. Two children:

a) BENOIT (-[before 13 Oct 909]). The Vita Sancti Geraldi Aureliacensis Comitis records that "Raimundum…comitem filium…Odonis" captured "nepotem domni Geraldi…Benedictum, Tolosæ…vicecomitem" and that "Geraldus…cum sorore sua Avigerna" requested his release[367]. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc dates the event to [894/909], the earlier date being when the monastery of Aurillac was founded and the latter the date of death of Benoît´s maternal uncle[368]. Vicomte de Toulouse. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc suggests that Benoît predeceased his maternal uncle as he is not named in the latter´s testament[369].

b) RENAUD (-after 13 Oct 909). The Vita Sancti Geraldi Aureliacensis Comitis records that "Rainaldus…frater ipsius" offered himself as a hostage after "nepotem domni Geraldi…Benedictum, Tolosæ…vicecomitem" was captured[370]. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc states that Renaud was appointed heir in the testament of his maternal uncle Gérard Comte d´Aurillac[371].

2. ADEMAR (-after 961). Vicomte de Toulouse. The testament of "Raymundus comes" is dated 961, bequeathed property "alode de Laugiago…Fessago…Campoguidano…Valencio" to "Ademario vicecomite Tolosano"[372].

1. ARMAND (-after Feb [1080]). "Artmannus et frater meus vicecomes Ademarus necnon et Pontius" donated "ecclesiam Sancti Saturnini…in pago Caturcino…in loco…Siurag" to the monastery of Moissac by charter dated 1074, subscribed by "Ademari vicecomitis, Artmanni fratris eius, Pontii fratris eorum, Raymundi-Ademarii fratris eorum, Willelmi filii eius"[373]. Vicomte [de Toulouse]. A charter dated Feb [1080] records the same donation by "Armandus et Ademarus vicecomites" and adds that "uxoris suæ et filiorum suorum" (referring to Adémar) gave advice[374].

2. ADEMAR (-[1098] or after). Vicomte [de Toulouse]. "Artmannus et frater meus vicecomes Ademarus necnon et Pontius" donated "ecclesiam Sancti Saturnini…in pago Caturcino…in loco…Siurag" to the monastery of Moissac by charter dated 1074, subscribed by "Ademari vicecomitis, Artmanni fratris eius, Pontii fratris eorum, Raymundi-Ademarii fratris eorum, Willelmi filii eius"[375]. A charter dated Feb [1080] records the same donation by "Armandus et Ademarus vicecomites" and adds that "uxoris suæ et filiorum suorum" (referring to Adémar) gave advice[376]. "Guillelmus Tolonanensium, Albensium seu Caturcensium, Lutevensium, Petragorensium, Carcassonensium, Aginnensium necne Astarachensium comes et dux…cum uxore mea…Emma" confirmed donations by "proavuo…meo Pontio Aquitanorum duce" to Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated 16 Jun 1080, signed by "…Ademari vicecomitis…"[377]. The testament of "Ademarus vicecomes Tolosanus", dated to [1098], refers to "filii mei"[378]. [m ---. The name of Adémar´s wife is not known. A charter dated to [1090] refers to a donation by "Guillelma la viscomtessa" to "san Salvador"[379], but it is not clear whether this refers to the wife/widow of Vicomte Adémar. Adémar & his wife had [one child]:

a) [GUILLAUME . "Artmannus et frater meus vicecomes Ademarus necnon et Pontius" donated "ecclesiam Sancti Saturnini…in pago Caturcino…in loco…Siurag" to the monastery of Moissac by charter dated 1074, subscribed by "Ademari vicecomitis, Artmanni fratris eius, Pontii fratris eorum, Raymundi-Ademarii fratris eorum, Willelmi filii eius"[380]. The identity of Guillaume´s father is unclear from this passage. The word "eius" could apply either to Ademar or to Raymond Adémar, although the former appears more likely.]

3. PONS . "Artmannus et frater meus vicecomes Ademarus necnon et Pontius" donated "ecclesiam Sancti Saturnini…in pago Caturcino…in loco…Siurag" to the monastery of Moissac by charter dated 1074, subscribed by "Ademari vicecomitis, Artmanni fratris eius, Pontii fratris eorum, Raymundi-Ademarii fratris eorum, Willelmi filii eius"[381].

4. RAYMOND ADEMAR . "Artmannus et frater meus vicecomes Ademarus necnon et Pontius" donated "ecclesiam Sancti Saturnini…in pago Caturcino…in loco…Siurag" to the monastery of Moissac by charter dated 1074, subscribed by "Ademari vicecomitis, Artmanni fratris eius, Pontii fratris eorum, Raymundi-Ademarii fratris eorum, Willelmi filii eius"[382].

Chapter 3. COMTES de CARCASSONNE

According to Bisson[383], the family of the first comtes de Carcassonne was of Visigothic descent. Aurell suggests that they probably originated in Conflent, an ancient vicaria located in present-day Pyrénées-Orientales[384]. However, it is not at all clear that the different nobles who are attributed in the primary sources with jurisdiction over Carcassonne during the late 8th and early 9th centuries were related. It was unusual during this period for fiefdoms to be awarded with hereditary rights, as is demonstrated by the absence of dynastic counties among the Carolingian nobility (see the document CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). In any case, it is not certain that the names of all the 9th century rulers in Carcassonne are known. For example, there is a gap of more than thirty years between the last mention of Comte Oliba [I] and the first mention of Comte Oliba [II] in 870.

During the first half of the 9th century, it is unclear whether Carcassonne was under the suzerainty of the Marquisate of Gothia or the March of Spain. However, the Annales Bertiniani record that Charles II “le Chauve” King of the West Franks granted “Carcasonem et Rhedas” to “Bernardo…Tholosæ comite” in 872[385]. No indication has been found that the county of Carcassonne left the suzerainty of the counts of Toulouse thereafter.

It is not clear how the county was transmitted to the family of the Comte de Comminges after the death of Comte Acfred [II] in [933]. Settipani highlights that the most obvious explanation is that Arsinde, wife of Arnaud Comte de Comminges and mother of Roger [I] Comte de Carcassonne who was the next recorded count, was the daughter of Acfred [II], although he accepts that there is no proof of this paternity[386]. As explained below, the chronology for this hypothesis is unfavourable. Another difficulty is that there is no indication who held the county of Carcassonne between the death of Comte Acfred and the time when Arsinde's son Roger was comte, the date of which is uncertain but is unlikely to have been before the 950s at the earliest. In particular, no proof has yet been found that the county was inherited by Arsinde's husband, Comte Arnaud, which would have been normal if his wife had been the heiress of Carcassonne. A third difficulty is that none of the names associated with the first family of Comtes de Carcassonne (especially Oliba, Acfred and Sunifred) are found among the descendants of Arsinde and Comte Arnaud.

After the death of Comte Raymond Roger [II] in 1067, the county of Carcassonne passed to the Condes de Barcelona, while the the viscounty of Béziers and Agde passed to his sister Ermengarde and through her to the Vicomtes d'Albi.

A. COMTES de CARCASSONNE et de RAZES [812]-[933]

1. BELLO (-[before 812]). “Bellon” is the first known count to have governed Carcassonne, and is named in documents dated after 778 and before 812[387].

2. GISCLAFRED (-after 2 Apr 812). "Karolus…augustus…imperator Romanum…rex Francorum et Langobardorum" issued a charter dated 2 Apr 812 to the counts in the Spanish march "Berane, Gauscelino, Gisclafredo, Odilone, Ermengario, Ademaro, Laibulfo et Erlino comitibus" instructing them to grant protection to the refugees from Spain[388]. According to Cros-Mayrevieille, he is named in charters dated 812 as governor of Carcassonne but he does not cite the sources[389]. [m AILONA, daughter of ---. She is shown as Gisclafred's wife by Aurell[390], but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified.]

3. OLIBA [I] (-[1 Nov 835/10 May 837]). "Oliba comes et uxor mea Elmetrudes" donated property at "villa de Faviès" to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 21 Sep 820[391]. According to Cros-Mayrevieille, he is named in charters dated 821, 825, 835, 837 and 838 as governor of Carcassonne[392]. Pepin I King of Aquitaine donated property to the abbey of Montolieu "in territorio Carcassense super fluvium Duranum…annuente Oliba comite" by charter dated 1 Nov 835[393]. His latest date of death is set by the charter dated 10 May 837 signed by "Richildis femina que fui uxor de conda Olibani comiti" relating to the "villa de Faviès"[394]. m firstly ERMENTRUDE, daughter of --- (-[21 Sep 820/830]). "Oliba comes et uxor mea Elmetrudes" donated property at "villa de Faviès" to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 21 Sep 820[395]. m secondly RICHILDA, daughter of --- (-after 10 May 837). "Richildis femina que fui uxor de conda Olibani comiti" signed a charter dated 10 May 837 relating to the "villa de Faviès" subscribed by "Lighatario, Centullus, Samson, Uczandus, Hugo, Eles"[396].

4. DELA (-after 3 Sep 838). Pepin I King of Aquitaine donated property to the abbey of Grasse, finished by "Dellone comite et Gisclafredo filio eius", by charter dated 3 Sep 838[397]. m ---. The name of Dela´s wife is not known. Dela & his wife had one child:

a) GISCLAFRED (-after 3 Sep 838). Pepin I King of Aquitaine donated property to the abbey of Grasse, finished by "Dellone comite et Gisclafredo filio eius", by charter dated 3 Sep 838[398].

Two brothers, parents not known.

1. OLIBA [II] ([830/40]-[879]). Cros-Mayrevieille suggests that Oliba [II] was the son of Oliba [I][399]. The name obviously suggests a close relationship but, in the absence of documentary evidence to the contrary, Oliba [II] could just as easily have been the nephew or grandson of Oliba [I]. In addition, assuming that Oliba [II] was in his thirties when granted property in 870 (which appears to be corroborated if his sons were minors when he died), he must have been born late in the life of Oliba[I] if he was the son of the latter. Comte de Carcassonne. Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks granted property "in pago Carehasensi" to "Olibam…comitem", by charter dated 20 Jul 870[400]. The Annales Bertiniani record that King Charles II granted “Carcasonem et Rhedas” to “Bernardo…Tholosæ comite” in 872[401]. A charter dated 23 Sep 873 records the foundation of the church of Notre-Dame de Formiguera by "comitibus…Vuifredo et fratre eius Mirone et comitibus Olibano et fratre eius Ayfredo"[402]. Emperor Charles II "le Chauve" granted property "res in Gotia" previously held by "Mirone infideli nostro filio Beram" and “in Carcasense” by “Fredario et uxori suæ Deufianæ…infidelis noster” and “Hostiliti et fratrum suorum…infidelium nostrorum” to "Oolibam comiti Carcasensi", by charter dated 11 Jun 877[403]. A charter of Charles III “le Simple” King of the West Franks dated 3 Nov 908, confirming the assets of “monasterio Crassensi”, mentions property donated by “Bencio comes bonæ memoriæ” which “Oliba comes” held[404]. m ---. The name of Oliba's wife is not known. Comte Oliba [II] & his wife had two children:

a) BENCIO [I] ([860/70]-908). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Carcassonne. A charter of Charles III “le Simple” King of the West Franks dated 3 Nov 908, confirming the assets of “monasterio Crassensi”, mentions property donated by “Bencio comes bonæ memoriæ” which “Oliba comes” held[405].

b) ACFRED [II] ([860/70]-after 24 May 934). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He succeeded his brother in 908 as Comte de Carcassonne et de Razès. "Agfredus comes…in civitate Carcassonna" donated "alodem Brucias in comitatu Carcassense…" to the abbey of Montolieu by charter dated 24 May 934, subscribed by "…Radulfus, Ugo, Oliba…"[406]. m ---. The name of Acfred's wife is not known. Comte Acfred [II] & his wife had [one possible child]:

i) [ARSINDE ([905/20]-after [959]). The parentage of the wife of Arnaud Comte de Comminges is not known. Settipani highlights that the obvious way of explaining the transmission of the county of Carcassonne to the family of the Comtes de Comminges is that Arsinde, wife of Comte Arnaud, was the daughter of Acfred Comte de Carcassonne[407]. This is also assumed to be correct by the Histoire Générale de Languedoc[408]. However, the chronology is not ideal. As explained below (Part B), it is likely that her son Roger [I] Comte de Carcassonne was born in the later part of the date range [930/40]. If this is correct, it is likely that Arsinde married in [925/35] which would place her own birth in the range [905/20]. Another difficulty is that there is no indication who held the county of Carcassonne between the death of Comte Acfred [II] in [933] and the time when Arsinde's son Roger was comte, the date of which is uncertain but is unlikely to precede the 950s at the earliest. In particular, no proof has yet been found that the county was inherited by Arsinde's husband, Comte Arnaud, which would have been normal if his wife had been the heiress of Carcassonne. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[409], Arsinde was the daughter of Acfred Duke of Aquitaine. The primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. It is assumed that it is also speculative based on onomastics. A third possibility is proposed by Stasser, who suggests that she was the sister of Raymond [I] Comte de Rouergue, on the grounds that it is better supported from the onomastic point of view[410]. m ([925/35]) ARNAUD Comte de Comminges et de Couserans, son of --- (-before 27 Nov 957).]

2. ACFRED [I] (-before 19 Feb 906). A charter dated 23 Sep 873 records the foundation of the church of Notre-Dame de Formiguera by "comitibus…Vuifredo et fratre eius Mirone et comitibus Olibano et fratre eius Ayfredo"[411]. Comte de Carcassonne et de Razès. A charter dated 24 Feb 883 records a judgment in the court of "…Aquifredo comite, Sicfredo vicecomite…" at Carcassonne relating to a claim by "Ermenardus…filius quondam genitore meo…Amelio"[412]. A charter dated 19 Feb 906 records the execution of the testament of "Aifredo comite" by "Adalindes comitissa", including the donation of property "in comitatu Redense" to "S. Joannis-Baptiste castrum Malasti...in territorio Carcassense super fluvium Duranno", signed by "Aifredo filio Aifredo"[413]. A charter of Charles III “le Simple” King of the West Franks dated 3 Nov 908, confirming the assets of “monasterio Crassensi”, mentions property “in pago Redense” donated by “Acfredus comes”[414]. m ADALINDA, daughter of --- (-after 19 Feb 906). A charter dated 19 Feb 906 records the execution of the testament of "Aifredo comite" by "Adalindes comitissa", including the donation of property "in comitatu Redense" to "S. Joannis-Baptiste castrum Malasti...in territorio Carcassense super fluvium Duranno", signed by "Aifredo filio Aifredo"[415]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[416], he married Adalinda d'Aquitaine, daughter of Bernard "Plantevelue" Comte d'Autun, de Rodez et d'Auvergne & his wife Ermengarde [d'Auvergne], and was father of later dukes of Aquitaine. The primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. It is possible that the co-identity is based only on speculation from the Cluny charter of Acfred Duke of Aquitaine, dated 2 Oct 927, which names his parents as Acfred and Adelinda, and on the assumption that Acfred [I] Comte de Carcassonne was the only contemporary nobleman of this name[417]. The charter quoted above provides further evidence that the co-identity may not be correct, as the other two known sons of Acfred, father of the two dukes of Aquitaine, did not consent to, or were not otherwise named in, the document. Acfred [I] & his wife had one child:

a) ACFRED [II] (-after 19 Feb 906). A charter dated 19 Feb 906 records the execution of the testament of "Aifredo comite" by "Adalindes comitissa", including the donation of property "in comitatu Redense" to "S. Joannis-Baptiste castrum Malasti...in territorio Carcassense super fluvium Duranno", signed by "Aifredo filio Aifredo"[418].

B. COMTES de CARCASSONNE (FAMILY of COMTES de COMMINGES)

ROGER [I] de Comminges "le Vieux", son of ARNAUD Comte de Comminges et de Couserans & his wife Arsinde de Carcassonne ([930/40]-after Apr 1011). "Arnaldus et uxor mea Arsindis, et Rodgarius et Odo filiis nostris" donated property to the abbey of Montolieu, near Carcassonne for the souls of "…et Rodgario fratre meo" by charter dated 7 Apr 949[419]. His birth date range is estimated on the assumption that he and his brother were young adolescents or older children at the date of this charter. His date of death suggests that it is more likely that he was born in the later part of this range. He succeeded as Comte de Carcassonne, de Razès, de Couserans et de Comminges, Seigneur de Foix, although the date is not known. "Arsendes comitissa et filius meus Rodgarius comes" sold property to "Gilaberto vicario" by charter dated 29 Nov 957[420]. "Rodgarius comes et uxor mea…Aladaices" exchanged property with "Sancio et uxori suæ…Goidlane et filio illorum Bernardo clerico" by charter dated Apr 970[421]. "Rodgarius comes…cum Adalissa comitissa conjuge mea et Regimundo sobole" donated property "alodem meum de Corniliano" to the monastery of Saint-Hilaire, Carcassonne by charter dated 979[422]. "Roggarius comes…cum coniuge comitissa Adalaice seu Regimundo sobole atque Bernardo sobole" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by charter dated Aug 981[423]. "Rotgerius comes et marchio cum coniuge comitissa Adalaisse atque cum prole Regimundo Barnardoque" donated property with the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by charter dated 1 Nov 984[424]. "Rogerius et uxor mea Adaleiz" donated "alodum nostrum…in pago Tolosano in terminio Podagense in villa…Valle" to the abbey of Lézat by charter dated Dec 987[425]. "Rodgarius comes et uxor mea Aladaiz" donated property to the abbey of Lézat by charter dated Aug [1001], signed by "Ramundo, Bernardo, Petrone"[426]. “Rogerius comes”, under his testament dated to [1002], divided his properties, “ad Raimundo filio meo…civitatem Carcassonam cum ipso comitatu carcassense…[et] Redas castellum cum suo comitatu…et ipsa tertia parte de comitatu Cominico” except for certain abbeys given to “filio meo Petrone”, and “ad Bernardo filio meo…comitatu de Cosoragno…castello de Fuxo”, and names “fratre meo Odone comite et…filio suo Arnaldo”[427]. "Rogerius comes et conjux mea Adalaizis comitissa" donated property to Saint-Hilaire, including property which "frater meus Oddo comes habuit", for the soul of "fratris mei Oddoni comitis" and for "filio nostro Regimundo comite", by charter dated Apr 1011, signed by "…Bernardus et dominus Petrus…comites…"[428].

m (before Apr 970) as her second husband, ADELAIS, widow of ---, daughter of --- (-after Apr 1011). "Rodgarius comes et uxor mea…Aladaices" exchanged property with "Sancio et uxori suæ…Goidlane et filio illorum Bernardo clerico" by charter dated Apr 970[429]. Her origin is unknown, although her first marriage is indicated by the reference to her son, presumably by this earlier marriage, in the charter dated 979 which is quoted below. Stasser has suggested that she was Adelais de Melgueil, daughter of Bernard Comte de Melgueil & his wife Sénégonde [de Rouergue], based on onomastic arguments[430]. "Rodgarius comes…cum Adalissa comitissa conjuge mea et Regimundo sobole" donated property "alodem meum de Corniliano" to the monastery of Saint-Hilaire, Carcassonne by charter dated 979, signed by "Adalaissæ comitissæ, Arnaudi comitis […], Regimundi sobolis meæ"[431]. Jaurgain points out that the words "filii Adalisse, Petri episcopi et comitis" should be added in the subscription list (where shown by square brackets) stating that they were omitted from the edition of the charter quoted in the third edition of the Histoire Générale de Languedoc[432]. Stasser suggests that "Petrus episcopus et comes" who subscribed the 979 charter may have been Pierre de Melgueil bishop of Maguelone, who would have been Adelais's brother[433]. "Roggarius comes…cum coniuge comitissa Adalaice seu Regimundo sobole atque Bernardo sobole" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by charter dated Aug 981[434]. "Rotgerius comes et marchio cum coniuge comitissa Adalaisse atque cum prole Regimundo Barnardoque" donated property with the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by charter dated 1 Nov 984[435]. "Rogerius et uxor mea Adaleiz" donated "alodum nostrum…in pago Tolosano in terminio Podagense in villa…Valle" to the abbey of Lézat by charter dated Dec 987[436]. "Rodgarius comes et uxor mea Aladaiz" donated property to the abbey of Lézat by charter dated Aug [1001], signed by "Ramundo, Bernardo, Petrone"[437]. "Rogerius comes et conjux mea Adalaizis comitissa" donated property to Saint-Hilaire, including property which "frater meus Oddo comes habuit", for the soul of "fratris mei Oddoni comitis" and for "filio nostro Regimundo comite", by charter dated Apr 1011, signed by "…Bernardus et dominus Petrus…comites…"[438].

Comte Roger & his wife had five children:

1. ARSINDE de Carcassonne (965-after 993). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. "Dominus Willelmus vicecomes Biterrensis", on leaving on pilgrimage for Rome, and "uxor sua Arsindis" relinquished claims in favour of the abbey of Saint-Thibéry by charter dated 28 Feb 990[439]. Under his testament dated 990, "Guillelmus vicecomes" bequeathed Agde to "uxori suæ Arsindis vicecomitissa"[440]. "Guillelmus vicecomes et uxor mea…Arsindis" exchanged property with Matfred Bishop of Béziers by charter dated 17 Aug 994[441]. m as his second wife, GUILLAUME [II] Vicomte de Béziers, son of RAINARD Vicomte de Béziers & his wife Garsinde [de Carcassonne] ([945]-after 21 Jul 1007).

2. RAYMOND ROGER de Carcassonne (-before Apr 1011). "Rodgarius comes…cum Adalissa comitissa conjuge mea et Regimundo sobole" donated property "alodem meum de Corniliano" to the monastery of Saint-Hilaire, Carcassonne by charter dated 979[442]. “Rogerius comes”, under his testament dated to [1002], divided his properties, “ad Raimundo filio meo…civitatem Carcassonam cum ipso comitatu carcassense…[et] Redas castellum cum suo comitatu…et ipsa tertia parte de comitatu Cominico”[443]. He succeeded as Comte de Carcassonne.

- see below.

3. BERNARD ROGER de Carcassonne (before Aug 981-[22 Aug 1036/38]). "Roggarius comes…cum coniuge comitissa Adalaice seu Regimundo sobole atque Bernardo sobole" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by charter dated Aug 981[444]. “Rogerius comes”, under his testament dated to [1002], divided his properties, “ad Bernardo filio meo…comitatu de Cosoragno…castello de Fuxo”[445]. He succeeded in 1012 as Comte de Couserans and (part) Carcassonne, Seigneur du pays de Foix. He succeeded as Comte de Bigorre, de iure uxoris.

- COMTES de FOIX.

4. PIERRE ROGER de Carcassonne (-1 Aug 1050). "Rodgarius comes et uxor mea Aladaiz" donated property to the abbey of Lézat by charter dated Aug [1001], signed by "Ramundo, Bernardo, Petrone"[446]. “Rogerius comes”, under his testament dated to [1002], divided his properties, “ad Raimundo filio meo…civitatem Carcassonam cum ipso comitatu carcassense…[et] Redas castellum cum suo comitatu…et ipsa tertia parte de comitatu Cominico” except for certain abbeys given to “filio meo Petrone”[447]. "Rogerius comes et conjux mea Adalaizis comitissa" donated property to Saint-Hilaire, including property which "frater meus Oddo comes habuit", for the soul of "fratris mei Oddoni comitis" and for "filio nostro Regimundo comite", by charter dated Apr 1011, signed by "…Bernardus et dominus Petrus…comites…"[448]. Bishop of Gerona. “Petrus episcopus” donated property “per præceptum domini Rodgerii comitis patris mei et mater mea…Adalais comitissa” by charter dated 13 Dec 1027[449].

5. ERMESINDE de Carcassonne (-1 Mar 1058). Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 2 Sep 1019 which names “Raymondus…comes Borreli comitis proles” and by which “Ermisindi…coniux eius comitissa, filia…comitis Carcasonensis Rodegarii” records her husband´s burial “infra canonicalem claustram S. Crucis sedis” and confirms a donation by “femina…Bellazez uxor quæ fuit Sesemundi fratris Seniofredi Gerundensis vicecomitis”, with the consent of “filio suo domno Barengario marchione comite…Amato vicecomite Gerundense…”[450]. "Remundus comes et marchio, Ermensides comitissa" donated property to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 11 Jun 996[451]. "Ermessindis comitissa et Amato de castro Surice et Sunifredo de Riorubio, Gondebaldus de Besora, Lobeto de Celra" signed a document dated 12 Nov 1018 as executors of "condam Remundo comite et marchio"[452]. Regent during the minority of her son until early 1020s. She acquired considerable power during her regency, quarrelling with her son. She continued to be a disruptive influence in Catalonia until her death[453]. The testament of "Ermesindis comitissa", dated 25 Sep 1057, names "domnum Raymundum Berengarium comitem nepotem meum…domna Almodis comitissa coniuge vestra"[454]. The codicil of "domna Ermesindis comitissa", dated 6 Mar 1057 (O.S.), names "Guillermo Berengarii suo nepoti…Sancio suo nepoti…Bernardo Berengarii suo nepoti"[455]. m ([990/91]) RAMON BORRELL I Comte de Barcelona, son of BORRELL [II] Comte de Barcelona & his first wife Ledgarde [de Toulouse] ([971/26 May 972]-25 Feb 1017).

RAYMOND ROGER de Carcassonne, son of ROGER [I] de Comminges Comte de Carcassonne & his wife Adelais --- (-before Apr 1011). "Rodgarius comes…cum Adalissa comitissa conjuge mea et Regimundo sobole" donated property "alodem meum de Corniliano" to the monastery of Saint-Hilaire, Carcassonne by charter dated 979[456]. "Roggarius comes…cum coniuge comitissa Adalaice seu Regimundo sobole atque Bernardo sobole" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by charter dated Aug 981[457]. "Rotgerius comes et marchio cum coniuge comitissa Adalaisse atque cum prole Regimundo Barnardoque" donated property with the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by charter dated 1 Nov 984[458]. "Rodgarius comes et uxor mea Aladaiz" donated property to the abbey of Lézat by charter dated Aug [1001], signed by "Ramundo, Bernardo, Petrone"[459]. “Rogerius comes”, under his testament dated to [1002], divided his properties, “ad Raimundo filio meo…civitatem Carcassonam cum ipso comitatu carcassense…[et] Redas castellum cum suo comitatu…et ipsa tertia parte de comitatu Cominico”[460]. He succeeded as Comte de Carcassonne, although as he predeceased his father this was presumably on the basis of some power-sharing arrangement. "Rogerius comes et conjux mea Adalaizis comitissa" donated property to Saint-Hilaire, including property which "frater meus Oddo comes habuit", for the soul of "fratris mei Oddoni comitis" and for "filio nostro Regimundo comite", by charter dated Apr 1011, signed by "…Bernardus et dominus Petrus…comites…"[461].

m (before 990) as her first husband, GARSINDIS de Béziers, daughter of GUILLAUME [II] Vicomte de Béziers & his first wife Ermentrudis --- (975-after 29 Sep 1043). The testament of "Guillelmus vicecomes", dated 990, appointed "…Arsindis vicecomitissa…" among his executors and named "filia sua Garsindis…filia mea Senegundis"[462]. "Ratulfus et uxor mea Lugrizia…" gave property "in comitatu Agathense in villa Almas" to "Raimundo comiti et uxore tue Garsindi comitisse" by charter dated 21 Jul 1007, which also names "Guillelmo vicecomes" but gives no indication of any relationship between the latter and Garsindis[463]. Her parentage and first marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 26 Jun 1070 under which “Remundus Bernardi vicecomes cognomento Trencaveis et Ermengardis vicecomitissa conjux mea, filia…Rangardis comitissæ” transferred property to “Raimundo comiti Barcheonæ et Almodi comitissæ coniugi tuæ et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii” which names “Guillermus vicecomes Biterrensis…avus Petri Raymundi”[464]. She married secondly (1013) as his second wife, Bernard "Pelet" Seigneur d'Anduze. A charter dated 18 Dec 1029 records the foundation of the monastery of Sauve by "Garsindis et filius meus Bremundus et frater eius Almeradus", for the soul of "genitoris nostri Barnardi", in the presence of "Wilelmi comitis Tholosani…Atthonis vicecomitis, et Berengarii, et fratris eius Elisiari de ipso Castro…Emenonis de Sabrano…"[465]. "Garsendis comitissa…et filiis meis Petro et Guillelmo et Bermundo" donated property to Conques, for the souls of "genitoris mei Guillelmi…genetricis meæ et…Bernardi senioris mei et filii mei Remundi et…filiorum meorum Guillelmi, Petroni, Bermundi", by charter dated Aug [1034][466]. "Petrus Raimundi comes" donated property to the church of Béziers, with the advice of "Garsindis comitissæ matri meæ", by charter dated 29 Sep 1043[467].

Comte Raymond Roger & his wife had two children:

1. PIERRE RAYMOND de Carcassonne (-[1060]). His parentage is indicated by the charter dated 22 Apr 1070 under which “Rangardis comitissa, filia…Ameliæ comitissæ” sold property in “comitatu Redensi, Cosaranensi, et Comeniensi, et Carcassonensi, et Narbonensi, et Minerbensi, et Tolosano”, previously held by “Rodgario comite vetulo Carcassonensi et Otone fratre eius comite Redensi et…Bernardo Rodgarii et Raymundo Rodgarii et Petro episcopo filiorum prædicti Rodgarii, et…Petri Raymundi comitis mariti mei et Rodgarii filii mei”, to “Raimundo comiti Barcheonensi et Almodi comitissæ coniugi vestræ sorori meæ et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii”[468]. He succeeded as Comte de Carcassonne, Vicomte de Béziers et d'Agde. "Garsendis comitissa…et filiis meis Petro et Guillelmo et Bermundo" donated property to Conques, for the souls of "genitoris mei Guillelmi…genetricis meæ et…Bernardi senioris mei et filii mei Remundi et…filiorum meorum Guillelmi, Petroni, Bermundi", by charter dated Aug [1034][469]. A charter dated to [1035] records hearings relating to disputes between "Bermundus" and "Petri comitis frater eius"[470]. "Petrus Raimundi comes" donated property to the church of Béziers, with the advice of "Garsindis comitissæ matri meæ", by charter dated 29 Sep 1043[471]. "Petrus comes et uxor mea Ranguardis et filius noster Rotgerius et filiæ nostræ Garsindis, Ermengardis et Adalaicis" donated property to the church of Béziers by charter dated 3 Mar 1054[472]. m RAINGARDE de la Marche, daughter of BERNARD [I] Comte de La Marche & his wife Amelia --- (-after 22 Apr 1070). "Petrus comes et uxor mea Ranguardis et filius noster Rotgerius et filiæ nostræ Garsindis, Ermengardis et Adalaicis" donated property to the church of Béziers by charter dated 3 Mar 1054[473]. "Raymundus comes filius Beliard Rangard comitissam filiam Ameliæ" granted rights to "Rangardam suprascriptam" by undated charter, presumably dated to soon after his father´s death[474]. "Raingardis comitissa et gener meus Raymundus et uxor eius filia mea…Ermengardis et soror eius Adalais" donated "alodem…Tonneus…in pago Biterrensi super fluvium Orbi juxta Villamnovam", previously held by "Wilelmus vicecomes Biterrensis et Raymundus Rotgerii et Garsindis vicecomitissa et filii eius Petrus et Willelmus", to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated 3 Jan 1062[475]. "Rogerius […filius qui fui Trudgarda] et frater meus Raymundus Batallia" donated "medietatem…castro…Proliano et…duas partes de…castro…Mirapixo" [Prouille and Mirepoix] to "Rengardis comitissa […filia Amelia] et filio suo Rogerio comite", with the consent of "fratrem nostrum Petronum Rogerium", by charter dated 23 Jan 1063[476]. “Rodgerius…comes” donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille, on the advice of “matris meæ Raingardæ, sive uxoris meæ Sibillæ”, by charter dated 10 Apr 1064[477]. “Rengardis comitissa” donated property “Redes cum omni comitatu Redensi” to “Guillermum comitem generum suum” by charter dated 13 Mar 1067[478]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 22 Apr 1070 under which “Rangardis comitissa, filia…Ameliæ comitissæ” sold property in “comitatu Redensi, Cosaranensi, et Comeniensi, et Carcassonensi, et Narbonensi, et Minerbensi, et Tolosano”, previously held by “Rodgario comite vetulo Carcassonensi et Otone fratre eius comite Redensi et…Bernardo Rodgarii et Raymundo Rodgarii et Petro episcopo filiorum prædicti Rodgarii, et…Petri Raymundi comitis mariti mei et Rodgarii filii mei”, to “Raimundo comiti Barcheonensi et Almodi comitissæ coniugi vestræ sorori meæ et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii”[479]. She is named in the charter dated 3 Feb 1102 under which her daughter "Adelaiz comitissa filia…Petri Raimundi comitis de Carcassona et Raingardis uxoris suæ" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse[480]. Comte Pierre Raymond & his wife had four children:

a) RAYMOND ROGER [II] de Carcassonne (-1067). "Petrus comes et uxor mea Ranguardis et filius noster Rotgerius et filiæ nostræ Garsindis, Ermengardis et Adalaicis" donated property to the church of Béziers by charter dated 3 Mar 1054[481]. The cartulary of Agde records a donation by "Raimundus vicecomes filius de Rangardis" by charter dated [1062/67][482]. He succeeded his father in [1060] as Comte de Carcassonne et de Razès, Vicomte de Béziers et d'Agde. "Raymundus comes filius Beliard Rangard comitissam filiam Ameliæ" granted rights to "Rangardam suprascriptam" by undated charter, presumably dated to soon after his father´s death[483]. "Rogerius comes filius Rangard" [Comte de Carcassonne] and "Rogerium comitem filium Garsendæ comitissæ" [Comte de Foix] confirmed their agreement relating to "civitate…Carcassona" by charter dated to [1063][484]. "Rogerius […filius qui fui Trudgarda] et frater meus Raymundus Batallia" donated "medietatem…castro…Proliano et…duas partes de…castro…Mirapixo" [Prouille and Mirepoix] to "Rengardis comitissa […filia Amelia] et filio suo Rogerio comite", with the consent of "fratrem nostrum Petronum Rogerium", by charter dated 23 Jan 1063[485]. “Rodgerius…comes” donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille, on the advice of “matris meæ Raingardæ, sive uxoris meæ Sibillæ”, by charter dated 10 Apr 1064[486]. "Rodgarius comes" donated property to the cathedral of Béziers by charter dated 16 Jun 1065, subscribed by "…Rostagni de Porcharanis et Ademarii filii sui…"[487]. After his death, the county of Carcassonne passed to the Condes de Barcelona. “Raymundum Barcheonensem comitem et domnam Adalmodem comitissam et infants prædicti Raymundi comitis” agreed with “Raymundi Bernardi vicecomitem et Ermengardem vicecomitissam uxorem eius et infants illorum” to buy “tota…honore de Redes et de Carcasses et de Narbones et de Menerbes et de Tolosano” held by “Petri Raymundi comitis et Rodgario filio suo”, by charter dated 1067[488]. The cartulary of Conques indicates that the viscounty of Béziers and Agde passed to his sister Ermengarde (see below). m SIBYLLE, daughter of --- (-after 10 Apr 1064). “Rodgerius…comes” donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille, on the advice of “matris meæ Raingardæ, sive uxoris meæ Sibillæ”, by charter dated 10 Apr 1064[489].

b) GARSINDE de Carcassonne (-[3 Mar 1054/1062]). "Petrus comes et uxor mea Ranguardis et filius noster Rotgerius et filiæ nostræ Garsindis, Ermengardis et Adalaicis" donated property to the church of Béziers by charter dated 3 Mar 1054[490]. According to the Histoire Générale de Languedoc[491], she was the first wife of Raymond Vicomte de Narbonne, son of Bérenger Vicomte de Narbonne and his wife Garsinda de Besalú. Stasser dismisses this and concludes that Garsinde must have died unmarried[492].

c) ERMENGARDE de Carcassonne (-after 26 Mar 1099). "Petrus comes et uxor mea Ranguardis et filius noster Rotgerius et filiæ nostræ Garsindis, Ermengardis et Adalaicis" donated property to the church of Béziers by charter dated 3 Mar 1054[493]. "Raingardis comitissa et gener meus Raymundus et uxor eius filia mea…Ermengardis et soror eius Adalais" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated 3 Jan 1062[494]. She succeeded her brother in 1067 as Vicomtesse de Béziers et d'Agde. “Raymundus Bernardi vicecomes et uxor eius Ermengardis vicecomitissa” sold their part of the county of Carcassonne to “domno Raymundo Barcheonæ comiti et domnæ Adalmodi comitissæ” by charter dated 2 Mar 1067, which names “Petrus Raimundi comes…[et] Rodgarius comes de Fox…filio suo”[495]. "Ermengardis comitissa…et filius meus Bernardus" donated property rights to the church of Sainte-Marie, Agde by charter dated [1074][496], presumably shortly after the death of her husband as he is not named, but this is not stated explicitly in the document. "Rogerius comes Fuxensis" and "Ermengarda vicecomitissa et…Bernardo Atonis filio eius" settled their disputes about the county of Carcassonne by charter dated 21 Apr 1095[497]. "Ermengardis visce comitissa filia Rangardis" donated property in "villa…Licairag…pro remedium animo seniore meo Raimundo" to the abbey of Conques by charter dated Nov [1097/1107], naming "filio meo Bernardo Atto"[498]. "Hermengardis vice comitissa et filius meus Bernardus Atto" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 26 Mar 1099[499]. m (before 3 Jan 1062) RAYMOND BERNARD "Trencavel" Vicomte d'Albi et de Nîmes, son of BERNARD ATON [III] Vicomte d'Albi & his wife --- (-1074).

d) ADELAIDE de Carcassonne (-after 3 Feb 1102). "Petrus comes et uxor mea Ranguardis et filius noster Rotgerius et filiæ nostræ Garsindis, Ermengardis et Adalaicis" donated property to the church of Béziers by charter dated 3 Mar 1054[500]. "Raingardis comitissa et gener meus Raymundus et uxor eius filia mea…Ermengardis et soror eius Adalais" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated 3 Jan 1062[501]. Her marriage is indicated by the charter dated 13 Mar 1067 under which “Rengardis comitissa” donated property “Redes cum omni comitatu Redensi” to “Guillermum comitem generum suum”[502], and the charter dated 27 Dec 1067 under which “Guillermus Raymundi filius Adalæ comitissæ de Cerritaniæ” sold property “in civitate Carcassonæ...sive in Rodes” to “domno Raymundo comiti Barcheonæ et domnæ Adalmodi comitissæ” naming “uxorem Adalaidem…filia Petri Raymundi comitis Biterrensis et Rangardis comitissa”[503]. "Adalaidis filia…Rangardis comitissa" sold her rights to Carcassonne to "Raymundo comiti Barcheonæ et Almodi comitissæ coniugi tuæ et filio vestro Raymundo Berengarii" by charter dated 2 Aug 1070[504]. "Adelaiz comitissa filia…Petri Raimundi comitis de Carcassona et Raingardis uxoris suæ" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 3 Feb 1102[505]. m (before 13 Mar 1067, divorced before [1071]) as his first wife, GUILLEM RAMÓN Conde de Cerdanya, son of RAMÓN GUIFRÉ I Conde de Cerdanya & his wife Adelaida --- (-1095).

2. GUILLAUME de Carcassonne (-after 1054). "Garsendis comitissa…et filiis meis Petro et Guillelmo et Bermundo" donated property to Conques, for the souls of "genitoris mei Guillelmi…genetricis meæ et…Bernardi senioris mei et filii mei Remundi et…filiorum meorum Guillelmi, Petroni, Bermundi", by charter dated Aug [1034][506]. "Willermus filius Garsendis comitissæ" swore allegiance to "Petrone fratre suo" by charter dated to [1036][507]. m ---. The name of Guillaume's wife is not known. Guillaume & his wife had [three] children:

a) [RAYMOND GUILLAUME (-after [1054]). "Raymundus Guillelmus" donated "villa…Magriniano" to "Petrone comite avunculo suo" by charter dated to [1050][508]. Comte. "Raimundus Guillelmus comes et uxor mea Richardis" donated property to the chapter of Saint-Nazaire de Béziers by charter dated to [1054][509]. m RICHARDIS, daughter of --- (-after [1054]). "Raimundus Guillelmus comes et uxor mea Richardis" donated property to the chapter of Saint-Nazaire de Béziers by charter dated to [1054][510].]

b) [PIERRE GUILLAUME (-after 27 Dec 1069). "Petrus Guillermi et Bernardus Guillermi fratres" sold their rights to the county of Carcassonne and in "castro…Reddes…in Reddensi comitatu vel in Narbonensi comitatu" to "domno Raymundo comiti et domnæ Almodi comitissæ" by charter dated 27 Dec 1069[511].]

c) [BERNARD GUILLAUME (-after 27 Dec 1069). "Petrus Guillermi et Bernardus Guillermi fratres" sold their rights to the county of Carcassonne and in "castro…Reddes…in Reddensi comitatu vel in Narbonensi comitatu" to "domno Raymundo comiti et domnæ Almodi comitissæ" by charter dated 27 Dec 1069[512].]

C. VICOMTES de CARCASSONNE, VICOMTES de COUSERANS

1. SICFRED (-after 24 Feb 883). Vicomte de Carcassonne. A charter dated 24 Feb 883 records a judgment in the court of "…Aquifredo comite, Sicfredo vicecomite…" at Carcassonne relating to a claim by "Ermenardus…filius quondam genitore meo…Amelio"[513].

2. AMELIUS . Vicomte de Carcassonne. The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, donated "alodes qui fuerunt Amelio vicecomite de Carcassona…in Narbonensi"[514].

3. RAOUL . m ---. The name of Raoul´s wife is not known. Raoul & his wife had one child:

a) ARNAUD (-after 1002). Vicomte de Carcassonne. A charter dated 1002 records donations to the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by "Rodgarius comes et uxor eius comitissa cum filio eorum Regimundo" and the renunciation of claims by "Arnaldus, filius Radulphi…vicecomes"[515].

1. ROGER [I] de Comminges, son of BERNARD [III] Comte de Comminges & his wife --- de Toulouse (-before 3 Apr 1211). Vicomte de Carcassonne. Vicomte de Couserans. m --- de Foix, daughter of ROGER BERNARD [I] "el Gordo" Comte de Foix & his wife Cécile de Béziers. Roger [I] & his wife had one child:

a) ROGER [II] (-after 1240). The Historia Albigensium of Pierre de Vaux-Cernay records that "Rogerius de Comenge consanguineus comitis Fuxi" at first supported Simon de Montfort against Raymond VI Comte de Toulouse[516]. Vicomte de Carcassonne. Vicomte de Couserans. He succeeded as Conde de Pallars-Subirà, de iure uxoris.

- CONDES de PALLARS.

D. SEIGNEURS de DURFORT

The castle of Durfort was located near the castle of Termes, east of the town of Limoux and south-east of Carcassonne, in the present-day French département of Aude.

1. TEUDOMAR de Durfort . m ---. The name of Teudomar´s wife is not known. Teudomar & his wife had two children:

a) FALCO de Durfort (-before 1093). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1093 under which "Bertrandus filius Falconis de castro…Durfort" donated the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy, held by "pater meus Fulco et avunculus meus Raimundus Tedomari", to the abbey of Grasse[517]. Seigneur de Durfort. m ---. The name of Falco´s wife is not known. Falco & his wife had [three or more] children:

i) BERTRAND de Durfort (-after 1093). "Bertrandus filius Falconis de castro…Durfort" donated his share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy, held by "pater meus Fulco et avunculus meus Raimundus Tedomari", to the abbey of Grasse, with the advice of "fratrum meorum et consobrinis meis…Raimundo Raimundi et Ugo Raimundi fratri sui et omnium filiorum eorum", by charter dated 1093[518].

ii) sons . "Bertrandus filius Falconis de castro…Durfort" donated his share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy, held by "pater meus Fulco et avunculus meus Raimundus Tedomari", to the abbey of Grasse, with the advice of "fratrum meorum et consobrinis meis…Raimundo Raimundi et Ugo Raimundi fratri sui et omnium filiorum eorum", by charter dated 1093[519].

b) RAYMOND TEUDOMAR de Durfort (-before 1093). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 1093 under which "Bertrandus filius Falconis de castro…Durfort" donated the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy, held by "pater meus Fulco et avunculus meus Raimundus Tedomari", to the abbey of Grasse[520]. m ---. The name of Raymond´s wife is not known. Raymond & his wife had two children:

i) RAYMOND de Durfort (-after 1093). "Raimundus Raimundi de Durfort et omnes filii mei Petrus Raimundi et Raimundus Tedomar et Bernardus Raimundus et frater meus Ugo Raimundus" donated their share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy to the abbey of Grasse, with the advice of "Petri Olivarii seniori de castro…Therme", by charter dated 1093[521]. m ---. The name of Raymond´s wife is not known. Raymond & his wife had three children:

(a) PIERRE RAYMOND de Durfort . "Raimundus Raimundi de Durfort et omnes filii mei Petrus Raimundi et Raimundus Tedomar et Bernardus Raimundus et frater meus Ugo Raimundus" donated their share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 1093[522].

(b) RAYMOND TEUDOMAR de Durfort . "Raimundus Raimundi de Durfort et omnes filii mei Petrus Raimundi et Raimundus Tedomar et Bernardus Raimundus et frater meus Ugo Raimundus" donated their share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 1093[523].

(c) BERNARD RAYMOND de Durfort . "Raimundus Raimundi de Durfort et omnes filii mei Petrus Raimundi et Raimundus Tedomar et Bernardus Raimundus et frater meus Ugo Raimundus" donated their share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 1093[524].

ii) HUGUES de Durfort (-after 1093). "Raimundus Raimundi de Durfort et omnes filii mei Petrus Raimundi et Raimundus Tedomar et Bernardus Raimundus et frater meus Ugo Raimundus et omnes filii eius" donated their share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 1093[525]. m ---. The name of Hugues´s wife is not known. Hugues & his wife had children:

(a) sons . "Raimundus Raimundi de Durfort et omnes filii mei Petrus Raimundi et Raimundus Tedomar et Bernardus Raimundus et frater meus Ugo Raimundus et omnes filii eius" donated their share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 1093[526].

E. VICOMTES de MINERVE

1. PIERRE (-after 7 Sep 1071). Vicomte de Minerve. "Raimundi comitis Rutenensis…Rodgarii comitis de Fuxo…Petri vicecomitis Minerbensis…Ugo filio Pontio comiti Ympurias…" subscribed the charter dated 7 Sep 1071 which records an agreement between "Wuiellmum Tolosanum comitem" and "Raimundum comitem Barchinonensem et Carchanonensem et Raimundem filium eius" settling their dispute about "castello de Laurago" [Lauragais][527].

2. RAYMOND (-after 3 Feb 1084). Vicomte de Minerve. "Raymundus Minervensis vicecomes" donated property "in villa…Piriachum" to Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated 3 Feb 1084[528].

3. PONS (-after 1 May 1095). Vicomte de Minerve. The dating clause of a charter dated 1 May 1095 refers to "tempore…Pontii Minerbensis vicecomitis"[529].

4. BERNARD (-after 29 Apr 1103). Vicomte de Minerve. "Bernardi vicecomitis de Minerba, Petri filii eius…" subscribed the charter dated 29 Apr 1103 under which "Aymericus…vicecomes Narbonensis…cum uxore mea…Mahalda et filiis nostris…Aymericus, Guiscardus et Bernardus Raymundi" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières for "Berengarii filii nostri" on his becoming a monk at the monastery[530]. m ---. The name of Bernard´s wife is not known. Bernard & his wife had one child:

a) PIERRE . "Bernardi vicecomitis de Minerba, Petri filii eius…" subscribed the charter dated 29 Apr 1103 under which "Aymericus…vicecomes Narbonensis…cum uxore mea…Mahalda et filiis nostris…Aymericus, Guiscardus et Bernardus Raymundi" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières for "Berengarii filii nostri" on his becoming a monk at the monastery[531].

5. --- . m AGNES, daughter of ---. One child:

a) GUILLAUME de Minerve [de Alaniane/d´Aniort] (-after 17 Mar 1159). "Wilhermus de Minerva" donated "castellum de Laurano et…castellum de Olarge" to Bernard Athon Vicomte de Béziers by charter dated 7 Mar 1127[532]. "Guillelmus de Minerba filius Agnez" promised "castello de Laurano" to Roger Vicomte de Béziers if he died childless, by charter dated 1145[533]. Vicomte. "Utalgarius filius qui fui Gila" withdrew claims against "Guillermo de Alaniano vicecomiti avunculo meo" relating to "hæreditatem matris meæ…in terminio de Aniort" by charter dated 23 Jun 1145[534]. "Raimundus d´Aniort filius Agnes et Petrus de Belcastel et Bernard d´Alio et Odo d´Aniort fils d´Adalmas et Guillelmus d´Aniort fils d´Agnez" made commitments to "Raimond Trencavel fils de Cecilia" relating to "castel d´Aniort ni de Castelpor" by charter dated 1 Jul 1152[535]. “Guillelmus de Minerba” donated property “infra terminum de Piletas…et de Portel Mal usque in Corna et infra terminum de Castel Boc versus Fontem Calidem” to "Sancte Marie de Fonte Calido" by charter dated 17 Mar 1159[536].

b) RAYMOND d´Aniort (-after 1 Jul 1152). "Raimundus d´Aniort filius Agnes et Petrus de Belcastel et Bernard d´Alio et Odo d´Aniort fils d´Adalmas et Guillelmus d´Aniort fils d´Agnez" made commitments to "Raimond Trencavel fils de Cecilia" relating to "castel d´Aniort ni de Castelpor" by charter dated 1 Jul 1152[537].

c) GILA (-before 23 Jun 1145). m ---. One child:

i) UDALGAR . "Utalgarius filius qui fui Gila" withdrew claims against "Guillermo de Alaniano vicecomiti avunculo meo" relating to "hæreditatem matris meæ…in terminio de Aniort" by charter dated 23 Jun 1145[538].

Two brothers:

1. GUILLAUME (-after 4 Feb 1165). Vicomte de Minerve. "Guillelmus vicecomes Minerbensis et uxor mea Garsindis…et omnes infantes nostri Pontius, Bernardus, Guillelmus, Petrus et Berengarius" donated "ecclesia in castro Minerba" to Pons Etienne Archdeacon of Narbonne by charter dated 24 Jan 1145[539]. "Guilhermus vicecomes Minervensis" granted "meum castrum…Lauranum" to "Wilhermo de Minerva filio meo…filius dominæ Garsendis" by charter dated 12 Dec 1161[540]. "Guillelmus vicecomes de Minerba...sive filius meus vel filia" donated property to the church of Saint-Etienne de Minerve, confirmed by "Guillelmus et Petrus et Pontius et Bernardus filii supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis...Ermengarda vicecomitissa uxor supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis", by charter dated 4 Feb 1165[541]. m firstly (contract 2 Mar 1134) GARSINDE, daughter of ISARN de Cecenonne & his wife --- (-after 24 Jan 1145). “Isarnus de Cecenonne” granted “filiam meam…Garsindim” as wife of "Wielmo vicecomiti Minerbensi", granting them "medietatem tocius castri de Rocabruno", by charter dated 2 Mar 1134[542]. "Guillelmus vicecomes Minerbensis et uxor mea Garsindis…et omnes infantes nostri Pontius, Bernardus, Guillelmus, Petrus et Berengarius" donated "ecclesia in castro Minerba" to Pons Etienne Archdeacon of Narbonne by charter dated 24 Jan 1145[543]. m secondly ERMENGARDE, daughter of ---. "Guillelmus vicecomes de Minerba...sive filius meus vel filia" donated property to the church of Saint-Etienne de Minerve, confirmed by "Guillelmus et Petrus et Pontius et Bernardus filii supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis...Ermengarda vicecomitissa uxor supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis", by charter dated 4 Feb 1165[544]. Guillaume & his first wife had five children:

a) PONS (-after 4 Feb 1165). "Guillelmus vicecomes Minerbensis et uxor mea Garsindis…et omnes infantes nostri Pontius, Bernardus, Guillelmus, Petrus et Berengarius" donated "ecclesia in castro Minerba" to Pons Etienne Archdeacon of Narbonne by charter dated 24 Jan 1145[545]. "Guillelmus vicecomes de Minerba...sive filius meus vel filia" donated property to the church of Saint-Etienne de Minerve, confirmed by "Guillelmus et Petrus et Pontius et Bernardus filii supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis...Ermengarda vicecomitissa uxor supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis", by charter dated 4 Feb 1165[546].

b) BERNARD (-after Mar 1175). "Guillelmus vicecomes Minerbensis et uxor mea Garsindis…et omnes infantes nostri Pontius, Bernardus, Guillelmus, Petrus et Berengarius" donated "ecclesia in castro Minerba" to Pons Etienne Archdeacon of Narbonne by charter dated 24 Jan 1145[547]. "Bernardus de Minerba filius quondam Guillelmi de Minerba" donated "terre juxta villam de Vitiliano", in which "consobrini nostri filii Petri de Minerba" held other interests, to the abbey of Fontfroide, with the advice of "domine Ermengardis vicecomitisse Narbone…Guillelmus de Minerba frater predicti Bernardi de Minerba…Aimericus de Narbona nepos supradicte Ermengardis", by charter dated Mar 1175[548].

c) GUILLAUME (-after Nov 1202). "Guillelmus vicecomes Minerbensis et uxor mea Garsindis…et omnes infantes nostri Pontius, Bernardus, Guillelmus, Petrus et Berengarius" donated "ecclesia in castro Minerba" to Pons Etienne Archdeacon of Narbonne by charter dated 24 Jan 1145[549]. "Guilhermus vicecomes Minervensis" granted "meum castrum…Lauranum" to "Wilhermo de Minerva filio meo…filius dominæ Garsendis" by charter dated 12 Dec 1161[550]. "Guillelmus vicecomes de Minerba...sive filius meus vel filia" donated property to the church of Saint-Etienne de Minerve, confirmed by "Guillelmus et Petrus et Pontius et Bernardus filii supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis...Ermengarda vicecomitissa uxor supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis", by charter dated 4 Feb 1165[551]. "Bernardus de Minerba filius quondam Guillelmi de Minerba" donated "terre juxta villam de Vitiliano", in which "consobrini nostri filii Petri de Minerba" held other interests, to the abbey of Fontfroide, with the advice of "domine Ermengardis vicecomitisse Narbone…Guillelmus de Minerba frater predicti Bernardi de Minerba…Aimericus de Narbona nepos supradicte Ermengardis", by charter dated Mar 1175[552]. “Guillelmus de Minerba” emancipated “filium meum Guillelmum” by charter dated Feb 1196, witnessed by "…Bernardus de Minerba…"[553]. m ---. The name of Guillaume´s wife is not known. Guillaume & his wife had two children:

i) GUILLAUME (-before 22 Dec 1222). “Guillelmus de Minerba” emancipated “filium meum Guillelmum” by charter dated Feb 1196, witnessed by "…Bernardus de Minerba…"[554]. “Isarnus de Cencenono” granted “totum castrum de Rocabruno", as held by "ego et frater meus Bernardus" inherited "post mortem patris nostri…Isarnus" who had granted it to "Garsendi filie sue" on her marriage to "Guillelmo de Olargo", to "Guillelmo de Minerba juveni, filio Guillelmi de Minerba, nepoti meo", with the consent of "Marchesa uxor Guillelmi predicti de Minerba, soror Berenguarii de Podio Sorigario", by charter dated Nov 1202, which names "Guillelmus nepos tuus…pater meus vel frater meus Ramundus"[555]. m (contract Jul 1194) MARQUISE de Puy Sorigaire, daughter of --- (-after Nov 1202). The marriage contract between “Berengarius de Podio Sorigario…Marquisie sorori mee” and “Guillelmo de Minerba…emancipatus a patre meo”, dated Jul 1194, provides for the payment of dowry and the grant of "castrum de Cecennone" as dower to the bride, witnessed by "Bernardus de Minerba…"[556]. “Isarnus de Cencenono” granted “totum castrum de Rocabruno", as held by "ego et frater meus Bernardus" inherited "post mortem patris nostri…Isarnus" who had granted it to "Garsendi filie sue" on her marriage to "Guillelmo de Olargo", to "Guillelmo de Minerba juveni, filio Guillelmi de Minerba, nepoti meo", with the consent of "Marchesa uxor Guillelmi predicti de Minerba, soror Berenguarii de Podio Sorigario", by charter dated Nov 1202, which names "Guillelmus nepos tuus…pater meus vel frater meus Ramundus"[557]. “Marchesia uxor quondam Guillelmi de Minerba” sold property to “Guillelmo Petro de Vintrono genero suo" by charter dated 22 Dec 1222, witnessed by "Berengarius de Podio Sorigario…"[558]. Guillame & his wife had one child:

(a) daughter . “Marchesia uxor quondam Guillelmi de Minerba” sold property to “Guillelmo Petro de Vintrono genero suo" by charter dated 22 Dec 1222, witnessed by "Berengarius de Podio Sorigario…"[559]. m (before 22 Dec 1222) GUILLAUME PIERRE de Vintrono, son of ---.

ii) RAYMOND . “Isarnus de Cencenono” granted “totum castrum de Rocabruno", as held by "ego et frater meus Bernardus" inherited "post mortem patris nostri…Isarnus" who had granted it to "Garsendi filie sue" on her marriage to "Guillelmo de Olargo", to "Guillelmo de Minerba juveni, filio Guillelmi de Minerba, nepoti meo", with the consent of "Marchesa uxor Guillelmi predicti de Minerba, soror Berenguarii de Podio Sorigario", by charter dated Nov 1202, which names "Guillelmus nepos tuus…pater meus vel frater meus Ramundus"[560].

d) PIERRE (-after 1166). "Guillelmus vicecomes Minerbensis et uxor mea Garsindis…et omnes infantes nostri Pontius, Bernardus, Guillelmus, Petrus et Berengarius" donated "ecclesia in castro Minerba" to Pons Etienne Archdeacon of Narbonne by charter dated 24 Jan 1145[561]. Vicomte de Minerve. "R. Trencavellus proconsul Biterris" granted property "in Opiano" to "Petro Minerbensi vicecomiti" by charter dated 27 Jul 1146[562]. "Guillelmus vicecomes de Minerba...sive filius meus vel filia" donated property to the church of Saint-Etienne de Minerve, confirmed by "Guillelmus et Petrus et Pontius et Bernardus filii supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis...Ermengarda vicecomitissa uxor supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis", by charter dated 4 Feb 1165[563]. "Petrus de Minerba" donated "mansum...Longairon...in manso Blancho...in parochia de Serrucio...et mansum del Peirith...in territorio de Promillaco et medietatem...in caput mansi dels Estornz...in parochia Sancti Stephani...[et] in manso de Cantalops et in manso de Campolongo et duobus mansus de Figairoliis" to the abbey of Salvanez, with the consent of "filii mei Berengarii", by charter dated 1166[564]. m ---. The name of Pierre´s wife is not known. Pierre & his wife had one child:

i) BERENGER . "Petrus de Minerba" donated property to the abbey of Salvanez, with the consent of "filii mei Berengarii", by charter dated 1166[565].

e) BERENGER . "Guillelmus vicecomes Minerbensis et uxor mea Garsindis…et omnes infantes nostri Pontius, Bernardus, Guillelmus, Petrus et Berengarius" donated "ecclesia in castro Minerba" to Pons Etienne Archdeacon of Narbonne by charter dated 24 Jan 1145[566]. "Guillelmus vicecomes de Minerba...sive filius meus vel filia" donated property to the church of Saint-Etienne de Minerve, confirmed by "Guillelmus et Petrus et Pontius et Bernardus filii supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis...Ermengarda vicecomitissa uxor supradicti Guillelmi vicecomitis", by charter dated 4 Feb 1165[567].

2. PIERRE de Minerve . His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated Mar 1175 under which "Bernardus de Minerba filius quondam Guillelmi de Minerba" donated "terre juxta villam de Vitiliano", in which "consobrini nostri filii Petri de Minerba" held other interests, to the abbey of Fontfroide[568]. m ---. The name of Pierre´s wife is not known. Pierre & his wife had --- children:

a) sons (-after Mar 1175). "Bernardus de Minerba filius quondam Guillelmi de Minerba" donated "terre juxta villam de Vitiliano", in which "consobrini nostri filii Petri de Minerba" held other interests, to the abbey of Fontfroide by charter dated Mar 1175[569].

3. BERENGER (-after 27 Apr 1135). Vicomte de Minerve. "Berengarius vicecomes Minervæ" donated property to the cathedral of Narbonne, where he requested his burial, by charter dated 27 Apr 1135[570].

1. GUILLAUME (-[1210/16 Mar 1215]). Seigneur de Minerve. The Historia Albigensium of Pierre de Vaux-Cernay records the siege of "Minerbam" by Raymond VI Comte de Toulouse, names "dominus castri…Guillelmus de Minerba" and records that he was granted "alios redditus prope Biterrim" by Comte Raymond after the castle surrendered[571]. A charter dated 17 Nov 1191 records a dispute between Roger Vicomte de Béziers and "Petrum Olivarium et […fratrem meum] Raimundum de Terme et Ricsovendam de Terme et Guilhelmum de Minerba maritum eius" regarding "patria de Termenez"[572]. m RICSOVENDE de Terme, daughter of --- & his wife Adelme --- (-after 17 Nov 1191). A charter dated 17 Nov 1191 records a dispute between Roger Vicomte de Béziers and "Petrum Olivarium et […fratrem meum] Raimundum de Terme et Ricsovendam de Terme et Guilhelmum de Minerba maritum eius" regarding "patria de Termenez"[573]. Guillaume & his wife had one child:

a) GUILLAUME . "Guillelmus de Minerba" donated property held by "pater meus quondam Guillelmus de Minerba" to the commanderie de Campagnols by charter dated 16 Mar 1215[574]. Seigneur de Minerve.

F. VICOMTES de NARBONNE [900]-924

1. MAYEUL [Maiolus] [I], son of --- (-before 15 Jun 911). Vicomte de Narbonne. m RAYMONDE, daughter of --- (-[before 15 Jun 911]). A charter dated 15 Jun 911, under which Arnust Archibishop of Narbonne donated property to Saint-Paul de Narbonne, names "infantes Majolo vicecomite et uxori suæ Raymundæ...Walchario et...Albericho vicecomite", the wording implying that the parents were deceased at that date[575]. Settipani suggests that she was the daughter of Raymond I Comte de Toulouse[576]. Maieul [I] & his wife had [three] children:

a) GAUTHIER . A charter dated 15 Jun 911, under which Arnust Archibishop of Narbonne donated property to Saint-Paul de Narbonne, names "infantes Majolo vicecomite et uxori suæ Raymundæ...Walchario et...Albericho vicecomite", the wording implying that the parents were deceased at that date[577]. Vicomte de Narbonne. m ---. The name of Gauthier's wife is not known. Gauthier & his wife had [two] children:

i) RAYMONDE . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m FOUCHER Seigneur de Valensole {Alpes-de-Haute-Provence}, son of ---. Raymonde & her husband had one child:

(a) MAYEUL (-Aug 993). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. [A charter dated 4 May 948 noted obligations to Cluny of “Vualterius” relating to property “in villa Verchesoni et in Galna seu in Petrolio”, in the presence of “Vualterium vicecomitem…et monachi…Maiolus”[578]. No proof has been found that this monk was the future abbot of Cluny but this looks probable.] Abbot of Cluny [948]. “Abbas Maiolus” is named for the first time in a charter dated [948/49][579]. He is last named in a charter dated Aug 993[580].

ii) [MAYEUL [III] (-after 24 Oct 946). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Vicomte de Narbonne. "Maiolus vicecomes" donated property "Ursum…situs super fluvio Urbione intra paga Carcassonne et Narbonense" to the abbey of Lagrasse for the souls of "patris mei et matris meæ et uxoris mæ Ranilone et…alia uxore mea quæ fuit quondam…Estuer et pro filiabus meis et pro filiis meis Simplicio et Vuadamiro" by charter dated 24 Oct 946[581].] m firstly ESTHER, daughter of ---. "Maiolus vicecomes" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse for the souls of "…alia uxore mea quæ fuit quondam…Estuer…" by charter dated 24 Oct 946[582]. m secondly RANILO, daughter of ---. "Maiolus vicecomes" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse for the souls of "…uxoris mæ Ranilone…" by charter dated 24 Oct 946[583]. Maieul [II] & his [first/second] wife had [four or more] children:

(a) SIMPLICE . "Maiolus vicecomes" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse "…pro filiabus meis et pro filiis meis Simplicio et Vuadamiro" by charter dated 24 Oct 946[584].

(b) VUADIMIRE . "Maiolus vicecomes" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse "…pro filiabus meis et pro filiis meis Simplicio et Vuadamiro" by charter dated 24 Oct 946[585].

(c) daughters . "Maiolus vicecomes" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse "…pro filiabus meis et pro filiis meis Simplicio et Vuadamiro" by charter dated 24 Oct 946[586].

b) AUBRY [Alberic] ([880/90]-[10 Sep] 945, bur Besançon Saint-Etienne). A charter dated 15 Jun 911, under which Arnust Archibishop of Narbonne donated property to Saint-Paul de Narbonne, names "infantes Majolo vicecomite et uxori suæ Raymundæ...Walchario et...Albericho vicecomite", the wording implying that the parents were deceased at that date[587]. A genealogy of the Comtes de Mâcon, included in the cartulary of Saint-Vincent de Mâcon, names "Albericus Narbonensis" and his marriage to "filiam Raculfi vicecomitis post mortem domini Bernonis Matiscensis episcopi", after which he made himself first Comte de Mâcon[588].

- COMTES de MÂCON.

c) [MAYEUL [II] (-[Jun 949/20 Apr 950]). Vicomte de Mâcon. The parentage of Vicomte Mayeul is not known, but it looks like that he was an otherwise unknown younger brother of Aubry Comte de Mâcon. However, his name, as well as the use of the names Gauthier, Raymonde and Aubry among his descendnants, indicates a close connection with the family of the vicomtes de Narbonne. From a chronological point of view, it is likely that he was of the same generation as Aubry Comte de Mâcon. It would also make sense that Comte Aubry appointed his younger brother as his vicomte in Mâcon. It does not appear likely that Mayeul [II] was the same person as shown above as Mayeul [III], as a charter names the wife of Mayeul [II] as Landrada, whereas another charter names the two wives of Mayeul [III] as shown above. Vicomte Mayeul is named in an undated charter relating to the inheritance of Landry, in the cartulary of Saint-Vincent de Mâcon[589]. Vicomte Mayeul subscribed a charter dated to 936 relating to Saint-Vincent de Mâcon[590].]

- VICOMTES de MÂCON.

G. VICOMTES de NARBONNE 924-1175

1. FRANCON [I] (-after 852). A charter dated 10 Sep 852 records an audience held before "Udulricus commis in villa Crispiano in territorio Narbonense" and names "…Alaricho et Franchone…vicedomini"[591].

2. FRANCON [II] . Guifré [I] Conde de Barcelona appointed Franco as Vizconde in Ausona {now Vic, comarca Osona, provincia Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain} in [879][592]. same person as…? FRANCON (-924). A charter dated 17 Dec 924 records a donation to the abbey of Montolieu by "Oddo…vicecomes…cum uxore mea…Richelde" of property "in comitatu Narbonensi" inherited from "genitoris…Franconis et meæ genetricis…Ersindis" granted to them by Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks[593]. m ARSINDE, daughter of --- (-before 10 Apr 931). "Waldaldus…sedis Elenensis {Elne, Pyrénées-Orientales} et Gauzbertus comes" donated property to "domum Sanctae Eulaliae…matrem omnium ecclesiarum Russulionensium sive Confluentium" for the souls of "Suniario comite et uxori Ermengardis et Bencone comite et Almerado episcopo condam et…Franchone vicecomite et uxori suae Eirtsinde et Oddone vicecomite" by charter dated 10 Apr 931[594]. As the donors were Gausbert [I] Comte de Empúries and Comte de Roussillon and his brother, and the other named individuals were their parents and deceased brothers (see CATALONIA NOBILITY), the presence of Arsinde and her family in the list would be explained if she was their sister, Arsinde daughter of Sunyer [II] Comte de Empúries, Comte de Roussillon & his wife Ermengarde ---. Francon & his wife had one child:

a) ODON (-936). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 17 Dec 924 which records a donation to the abbey of Montolieu by "Oddo…vicecomes…cum uxore mea…Richelde" of property "in comitatu Narbonensi" inherited from "genitoris…Franconis et meæ genetricis…Ersindis" which had been granted to them by Charles III "le Simple" King of the West Franks, made with the consent of "domni Agonis archiepiscopi et Poncii comitis" and for the soul of "senioris mei Poncii comitis", signed by "Poncii comitis et marchionis…"[595]. Vicomte de Narbonne. "Waldaldus…sedis Elenensis {Elne, Pyrénées-Orientales} et Gauzbertus comes" donated property to "domum Sanctae Eulaliae…matrem omnium ecclesiarum Russulionensium sive Confluentium" for the souls of "Suniario comite et uxori Ermengardis et Bencone comite et Almerado episcopo condam et…Franchone vicecomite et uxori suae Eirtsinde et Oddone vicecomite" by charter dated 10 Apr 931[596]. m (before 17 Dec 924) RIQUILDA de Barcelona, daughter of GUIFRE II Conde de Barcelona & his wife Garsinde [de Toulouse] (-before 13 May 962). "Oddo…vicecomes…cum uxore mea…Richelde" donated property inherited from "mei genitoris…Franconis et meæ genitricis…Ersindis", with the consent of "domni Agonis archiepiscopi et Poncii comitis" and for the soul of "senioris mei Poncii comitis", by charter dated 17 Dec 924, signed by "Poncii comitis et marchionis…"[597]. Her parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 19 Oct 936 which records a donation by "Richilde vicomtesse fille du comte Borrel et de la comtesse Garsinde"[598]. "Vulveradus vicecomes…Widinildis comitissa, Richildis vicecomitissa…" signed the charter dated 28 Sep 926 under which "Teudericus et uxor mea…Sposia" donated property to Narbonne cathedral[599]. A charter dated 1 May 955 records a hearing at Narbonne before "Richildem vicecomitissam"[600]. A charter dated 13 May 962 refers to the testament of "condam Richildis vicecomitissa…de civitate Narbona" which appoints "suos elemosiniarios Gersindis comitissa, Matfredo et Adalaiz" and names "Borrello comite consanguineo suo…Odoni viri sui"[601]. Odon & his wife had [two] children:

i) MATFRED (-969). A charter dated 13 May 962 refers to the testament of "condam Richildis vicecomitissa…de civitate Narbona" which appoints "suos elemosiniarios Gersindis comitissa, Matfredo et Adalaiz"[602]. Vicomte de Narbonne.

- see below.

ii) [FRANCON ([920]-[977/83]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Bishop of Carcassonne [965].]

The relationship between the following person and the main line of the family of vicomtes de Narbonne has not been ascertained. One of the signatories to the charter dated 28 Sep 926, quoted below, is assumed to have been the wife of Vicomte Odon. It is possible therefore that Vulverad was "joint" vicomte, and was maybe Odon´s younger brother. The omission of Odon himself from the list of subscribers could be explained by some temporary absence from Narbonne, during which time his wife and supposed younger brother may have acted on his behalf.

1. VULVERAD [Wulfrad] ([895]-after 26 Sep 926). Vicomte [de Narbonne]. "Vulveradus vicecomes" donated property "in comitatu Narbonensi…villa Rocalonga" to the church of Narbonne Saint-Paul[603]. "Vulveradus vicecomes…Widinildis comitissa, Richildis vicecomitissa…" signed the charter dated 28 Sep 926 under which "Teudericus et uxor mea…Sposia" donated property to Narbonne cathedral[604].

MATFRED, son of ODON Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife Riquilda de Barcelona (-969). A charter dated 13 May 962 refers to the testament of "condam Richildis vicecomitissa…de civitate Narbona" which appoints "suos elemosiniarios Gersindis comitissa, Matfredo et Adalaiz"[605]. Vicomte de Narbonne. "Aduvira" sold property "in comitatu Narbonense villam…Creixano" to "Matfredo vicecomite et uxori tuæ Adalaicis vicecomitissa" by charter dated 10 Nov 952[606]. "Matfredus vicecomes et uxor mea Adalaiz" sold property to Aimery Archbishop of Narbonne by charter dated 22 Apr 959, signed by "…Soniefredus comes…"[607]. The testament of "Matfredus comes et uxor sua Adalaiz", dated 20 Aug 966, bequeathed property to "Ermengaudo filio nostro et fratri suo Raymundo…Trudgardæ filiæ nostræ", and names "Matfredo filio Salomone"[608]. He died returning from a pilgrimage to Rome.

m (before 10 Nov 952) ADELAIS, daughter of --- (-after 29 Mar 990). "Aduvira" sold property "in comitatu Narbonense villam…Creixano" to "Matfredo vicecomite et uxori tuæ Adalaicis vicecomitissa" by charter dated 10 Nov 952[609]. The question of the parentage of the wife of Matfred Vicomte de Narbonne is difficult. The two documents quoted below, in which she and her two sons are named by Gersende Ctss de Toulouse, suggest that she may have been the countess´s daughter, Adelais, daughter of Raymond Pons Comte de Toulouse & his wife Gersende de Gascogne, or at least closely related to her. This suggestion would explain the transmission of the name Raymond into the family of the vicomtes de Narbonne. However, two factors point away from this hypothesis. Firstly, Adelais´s three sisters, named in her own first testament dated 13 Jun 977, are not named in the [972] testament of their supposed mother Gersende. Secondly, Adelais´s second testament, dated 29 Mar 990, states that her donations were made for the souls of "genitoris atque genetricis meæ et…Matfredi viri mei…sive filiis meis, sive sororibus et parentibus meis", omitting to mention any brothers of which, if she was the daughter of Raymond Pons Comte de Toulouse, she would have had at least one. Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that she was the daughter of Arnaud [I] Comte de Comminges, basing the hypothesis on onomastics and favorable chronology[610], but his hypothesis does not satisfactorily explain why Adelais and her two sons were named in the testament of Ctss Gersende. "Matfredus vicecomes et uxor mea Adalaiz" sold property to Aimery Archbishop of Narbonne by charter dated 22 Apr 959, signed by "…Soniefredus comes…"[611]. A charter dated 13 May 962 refers to the testament of "condam Richildis vicecomitissa…de civitate Narbona" which appoints "suos elemosiniarios Gersindis comitissa, Matfredo et Adalaiz"[612]. The testament of "Matfredus comes et uxor sua Adalaiz", dated 20 Aug 966, bequeathed property to "Ermengaudo filio nostro et fratri suo Raymundo…Trudgardæ filiæ nostræ"[613]. A charter dated 969, which records an agreement between Aimery Archbishop of Narbonne and the monastery of Saint-Pons de Thomières, refers to the advice of "Gersindæ comitissæ et Adalais vicecomitissæ" and "quondam Poncius comes"[614]. "Domina Garcendis comitissa quæ fui uxor domni Pontii comitis" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières, for the soul of "dicti mariti mei Pontii comitis", by charter dated Jul [972], which reserves property which "Adalaydis et filius eius Ermengaudus et Raymundus" held in "castrum de Cenceno" for their lives[615]. The testament of "Gersindæ comitissæ", dated to [972], bequeathed property for life "alodem meum…Cencinnonem" to "Adalais vicecomitissæ et filiis eius Ermengaudo et Regimundo"[616]. A charter dated 13 Jun 977 records the execution of the testament of "quondam Aymerici sanctæ Narbonenis ecclesiæ archipresulis" by his executors "Adalaidis vicecomitissa Narbonæ, filiique mei consentientes Ermengaudus…archipræsul suus successor et Raymundus vicecomes…"[617]. The testament of "Adelais", dated 4 Oct 978, named "Ermengaudus archipresul et Raymundus et Vassadellus…" as her executors, made the following bequests: donated her foundation "Narbonam…sanctique Salvatoris" to "sororibus meis et domnæ Arsindæ comitissæ", bequeathed "mea hereditas de Vidiliano" to "Arsindi sorori meæ", "alodes de Tolomiano" to "Ermesindi", and "mea hereditas de Artimiciano" to "Garsindi"; "alodum…inter Biaurum et Syronem" to "Ermengaudo filio meo"; "villa Columbaria cum…ecclesia Sancti Petri" to "Raymundo filio meo"; requested "filia mea" to become abbess at Narbonne[618]. A second testament of "Adalaidis vicecomitissa", dated 29 Mar 990, appointed "Ermengaudo archiepiscopo filio meo et Raymundo vicecomiti fratri eius…" as her executors, donated property bought from "sorore mea…Garsindis", bequeathed property to "nurum meam Ricardem" and after her death to "Ermengaudum nepotem meum, filium suum", and to "Raymundum vicecomitem filium meum", adding that the donations were made for the souls of "genitoris atque genetricis meæ et…Matfredi viri mei…sive filiis meis, sive sororibus et parentibus meis"[619].

Matfred & his wife had three children:

1. RAYMOND [I] (-1019). The testament of "Matfredus comes et uxor sua Adalaiz", dated 20 Aug 966, bequeathed property to "Ermengaudo filio nostro et fratri suo Raymundo…Trudgardæ filiæ nostræ"[620]. Vicomte de Narbonne. "Domina Garcendis comitissa quæ fui uxor domni Pontii comitis" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières, for the soul of "dicti mariti mei Pontii comitis", by charter dated Jul [972], which reserves property which "Adalaydis et filius eius Ermengaudus et Raymundus" held in "castrum de Cenceno" for their lives[621]. The testament of "Gersindæ comitissæ", dated to [972], bequeathed property for life "alodem meum…Cencinnonem" to "Adalais vicecomitissæ et filiis eius Ermengaudo et Regimundo"[622]. The testament of "Adelais", dated 4 Oct 978, named "Ermengaudus archipresul et Raymundus et Vassadellus…" as her executors, made the following bequests: "villa Columbaria cum…ecclesia Sancti Petri" to "Raymundo filio meo"[623]. A second testament of "Adalaidis vicecomitissa", dated 29 Mar 990, appointed "Ermengaudo archiepiscopo filio meo et Raymundo vicecomiti fratri eius…" as her executors, and bequeathed property to "Raymundum vicecomitem filium meum"[624]. The Chronicle of Narbonne Saint-Paul names "Raymundus vicecomes" in 1007[625]. m RICHARDE, daughter of --- (-after 7 Jun 1032). A second testament of "Adalaidis vicecomitissa", dated 29 Mar 990, bequeathed property to "nurum meam Ricardem" and after her death to "Ermengaudum nepotem meum, filium suum"[626]. "Ermengaudus archipraesul" names "Ricardis vicecomitissa…Raymundo vicecomite et Berengario filio ejus...Willelmo nepoti meo…Berengario nepoti meo" in his testament dated 22 Mar 1023[627]. Stasser suggests[628] that she was Richarde de Millau, daughter of Bérenger Vicomte de Millau et de Rouergue & his wife ---, to explain transmission of the name Bérenger into this family. The testament of "Ermengaudus archipresul", dated to [1005], named "Bernardus comes, Ricardis vicecomitissa…" as his executors and bequeathed property to "Raymundo vicecomiti et Berengario filio eius…Willelmo nepoti meo…Raymundo comiti Barchinonæ…Willelmo comiti Tolosano…Irmissindam et…Witardo et Gaucelino filio eius…"[629]. "Berengarius vicecomes" donated property to the canons of Saint-Just and Saint-Pastor, for the souls of "patris mei Raimundi et avunculi mei Ermengaudi archiepiscopi", by charter dated 7 Jun 1032, signed by "Ricardis vicecomitissæ matris eius, Garsindis uxoris eiusdem, Raimundi filii eorum…"[630]. Raymond [I] & his wife had four children:

a) ERMENGAUD (-after 29 Mar 990). A second testament of "Adalaidis vicecomitissa", dated 29 Mar 990, bequeathed property to "nurum meam Ricardem" and after her death to "Ermengaudum nepotem meum, filium suum"[631].

b) BERENGER (-after 5 Feb 1067). The testament of "Ermengaudus archipresul", dated to [1005], named "Bernardus comes, Ricardis vicecomitissa…" as his executors and bequeathed property to "Raymundo vicecomiti et Berengario filio eius…Willelmo nepoti meo…Raymundo comiti Barchinonæ…Willelmo comiti Tolosano…Irmissindam et…Witardo et Gaucelino filio eius…"[632]. Vicomte de Narbonne.

- see below.

c) GUILLAUME (-after 22 Mar 1023). The testament of "Ermengaudus archipresul", dated to [1005], named "Bernardus comes, Ricardis vicecomitissa…" as his executors and bequeathed property to "Raymundo vicecomiti et Berengario filio eius…Willelmo nepoti meo…Raymundo comiti Barchinonæ…Willelmo comiti Tolosano…Irmissindam et…Witardo et Gaucelino filio eius…"[633].

d) BERNARD (-after 23 Jan 1051). "Hugo Ruthenensium comes et mater mea Ricardis comitissa" donated property to Conques, for the soul of "Raymundi comitis", by charter dated 23 Jan 1051, signed by "Ricardis commitissæ…Rodberti comitis, Fidei comitissæ, Bertæ comitissæ, Berengarii vicecomitis, Bernardi archidiaconi et fratrum eius"[634]. Archdeacon.

2. ERMENGAUD (-1019). The testament of "Matfredus comes et uxor sua Adalaiz", dated 20 Aug 966, bequeathed property to "Ermengaudo filio nostro et fratri suo Raymundo…Trudgardæ filiæ nostræ"[635]. "Domina Garcendis comitissa quæ fui uxor domni Pontii comitis" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières, for the soul of "dicti mariti mei Pontii comitis", by charter dated Jul [972], which reserves property which "Adalaydis et filius eius Ermengaudus et Raymundus" held in "castrum de Cenceno" for their lives[636]. The testament of "Gersindæ comitissæ", dated to [972], bequeathed property for life "alodem meum…Cencinnonem" to "Adalais vicecomitissæ et filiis eius Ermengaudo et Regimundo"[637]. Archbishop of Narbonne. The testament of "Adelais", dated 4 Oct 978, named "Ermengaudus archipresul et Raymundus et Vassadellus…" as her executors, made the following bequests: "alodum…inter Biaurum et Syronem" to "Ermengaudo filio meo"[638]. A second testament of "Adalaidis vicecomitissa", dated 29 Mar 990, appointed "Ermengaudo archiepiscopo filio meo et Raymundo vicecomiti fratri eius…" as her executors[639]. The testament of "Ermengaudus archipresul", dated to [1005], named "Bernardus comes, Ricardis vicecomitissa…" as his executors and bequeathed property to "Raymundo vicecomiti et Berengario filio eius…Willelmo nepoti meo…Raymundo comiti Barchinonæ…Willelmo comiti Tolosano…Irmissindam et…Witardo et Gaucelino filio eius…"[640].

3. TRUDGARDE ([966]-978). The testament of "Matfredus comes et uxor sua Adalaiz", dated 20 Aug 966, bequeathed property to "Ermengaudo filio nostro et fratri suo Raymundo…Trudgardæ filiæ nostræ"[641]. The testament of "Adelais", dated 4 Oct 978, requested "filia mea" to become abbess at Narbonne[642]. [Abbess in Narbonne].

BERENGER de Narbonne, son of RAYMOND [I] Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife Richarde --- (-after 5 Feb 1067). The testament of "Ermengaudus archipresul", dated to [1005], named "Bernardus comes, Ricardis vicecomitissa…" as his executors and bequeathed property to "Raymundo vicecomiti et Berengario filio eius…Willelmo nepoti meo…Raymundo comiti Barchinonæ…Willelmo comiti Tolosano…Irmissindam et…Witardo et Gaucelino filio eius…"[643]. Vicomte de Narbonne. A charter dated to [1020] records homage sworn to "Berengarium vicecomitem filius qui fuit Richardis vicecomitissæ neque uxorem eius Garsindem filia quæ fuit Totæ comitissæ"[644]. A charter dated 22 Mar 1023 records a hearing at Narbonne before "Berengarius vicecomes et Richardus…vicecomes"[645]. "Berengarius vicecomes" donated property to the canons of Saint-Just and Saint-Pastor, for the souls of "patris mei Raimundi et avunculi mei Ermengaudi archiepiscopi", by charter dated 7 Jun 1032, signed by "Ricardis vicecomitissæ matris eius, Garsindis uxoris eiusdem, Raimundi filii eorum…"[646]. "Berengarius…vicecomes et uxor mea Garsindes filiique nostri Raymundus, Petrus […clericus] et Bernardus" donated property to the cathedral of Narbonne, with the advice of "Garsindis comitissæ matri meæ", by charter dated 23 Apr 1048[647]. A charter dated 1050 records that "Raymundum comitem Barchinonensem et Elisabet comitssa" promised the town of Tarragona "cum ipso comitatu Terraconensis" to "Berengarium vicecomitem Narbone", referring also to "uxor eius…filiis suis aud Ricardus vicecomes de Amilau", although it appears that this was never implemented[648]. "Hugo Ruthenensium comes et mater mea Ricardis comitissa" donated property to Conques, for the soul of "Raymundi comitis", by charter dated 23 Jan 1051, signed by "Ricardis commitissæ…Rodberti comitis, Fidei comitissæ, Bertæ comitissæ, Berengarii vicecomitis, Bernardi archidiaconi et fratrum eius"[649]. "Berengarius vicecomes et uxor mea Garsindis" swore allegiance to "domno Raymundo Berengarii seniori nostro" for one of his fiefs by charter dated 5 Feb 1067, subscribed by "Raimundus Berengarii, Petrus Berengarii, Bernardus Berengarii filii eorum"[650].

m GARSENDA de Besalú, daughter of BERNAT [I] "Tallaferro" Comte de Besalú i Ripoll & his wife Toda Adelais --- (-after 5 Feb 1067). Her parentage is suggested and her marriage confirmed by the charter dated to [1020] which records homage sworn to "Berengarium vicecomitem filius qui fuit Richardis vicecomitissæ neque uxorem eius Garsindem filia quæ fuit Totæ comitissæ"[651], as no other contemporary "Totæ comitissæ" has been identified except the wife of Bernat [I] Comte de Besalú. Garsenda is not, however, named in her supposed father´s 1020 testament. "Berengarius vicecomes" donated property to the canons of Saint-Just and Saint-Pastor, for the souls of "patris mei Raimundi et avunculi mei Ermengaudi archiepiscopi", by charter dated 7 Jun 1032, signed by "Ricardis vicecomitissæ matris eius, Garsindis uxoris eiusdem, Raimundi filii eorum…"[652]. "Berengarius…vicecomes et uxor mea Garsindes filiique nostri Raymundus, Petrus […clericus] et Bernardus" donated property to the cathedral of Narbonne, with the advice of "Garsindis comitissæ matri meæ", by charter dated 23 Apr 1048[653]. "Berengarius vicecomes et uxor mea Garsindis" swore allegiance to "domno Raymundo Berengarii seniori nostro" for one of his fiefs by charter dated 5 Feb 1067[654].

Bérenger & his wife had four children:

1. RAYMOND [II] de Narbonne (-[1080/84]). "Berengarius vicecomes" donated property to the canons of Saint-Just and Saint-Pastor, for the souls of "patris mei Raimundi et avunculi mei Ermengaudi archiepiscopi", by charter dated 7 Jun 1032, signed by "Ricardis vicecomitissæ matris eius, Garsindis uxoris eiusdem, Raimundi filii eorum…"[655]. "Berengarius…vicecomes et uxor mea Garsindes filiique nostri Raymundus, Petrus […clericus] et Bernardus" donated property to the cathedral of Narbonne, with the advice of "Garsindis comitissæ matri meæ", by charter dated 23 Apr 1048[656]. Vicomte de Narbonne. "Berengarius vicecomes et Garsindis vicomitissa et Raymundus Berengarius" donated property to Saint-Paul de Narbonne by charter dated 18 Apr 1066. "Berengarius vicecomes et uxor mea Garsindis" swore allegiance to "domno Raymundo Berengarii seniori nostro" for one of his fiefs by charter dated 5 Feb 1067, subscribed by "Raimundus Berengarii, Petrus Berengarii, Bernardus Berengarii filii eorum"[657]. "Raymundus Berengarius et infantes sui…Berengarius clericus et Bernardus Peletus et filia sua Richarda" granted property to Raimond Bernard Vicomte d'Albi and his wife Ermengarde by charter dated to [1068][658], presumably indicating that he had previously been forced to transfer part of his rights, probably to his brother Bernard. "Raymundus Berengarius filius Garsendis" swore allegiance to "Raymundo vicecomite filio Rengardis" [Raymond Bernard Vicomte d´Albi et de Nîmes] by charter dated to [1068][659]. m ---. The name of Raymond's wife is not known. Stasser suggests that she was --- d'Anduze, daughter of Bernard Pelet Sire d'Anduze, Sauve et Sommières {Gard}, to explain introduction of the epithet "Pelet" into this family[660]. Raymond [II] & his wife had three children:

a) BERNARD de Narbonne "Pelet" (-after [1068]). "Raymundus Berengarius et infantes sui…Berengarius clericus et Bernardus Peletus et filia sua Richarda" granted property to Raimond Bernard Vicomte d'Albi and his wife Ermengarde by charter dated to [1068][661].

- NARBONNE-PELET.

b) BERENGER de Narbonne (-after [1068]). "Raymundus Berengarius et infantes sui…Berengarius clericus et Bernardus Peletus et filia sua Richarda" granted property to Raimond Bernard Vicomte d'Albi and his wife Ermengarde by charter dated to [1068][662].

c) RICHARDE de Narbonne (-after [1068]). "Raymundus Berengarius et infantes sui…Berengarius clericus et Bernardus Peletus et filia sua Richarda" granted property to Raimond Bernard Vicomte d'Albi and his wife Ermengarde by charter dated to [1068][663].

2. BERNARD de Narbonne (-before 1077). "Berengarius…vicecomes et uxor mea Garsindes filiique nostri Raymundus, Petrus […clericus] et Bernardus" donated property to the cathedral of Narbonne, with the advice of "Garsindis comitissæ matri meæ", by charter dated 23 Apr 1048[664]. Vicomte de Narbonne. A charter dated 1066 records the settlement of disputes between the archbishop of Narbonne and "Bernardum Berengarii vicecomitem eiusdem civitatis"[665]. "Berengarius vicecomes et uxor mea Garsindis" swore allegiance to "domno Raymundo Berengarii seniori nostro" for one of his fiefs by charter dated 5 Feb 1067, subscribed by "Raimundus Berengarii, Petrus Berengarii, Bernardus Berengarii filii eorum"[666]. m FIDES [Foi], daughter of ---. . "Vicecomitissa Narbonæ…Fidis" donated property to the abbeys of Cluny and Moissac by charter dated 1077[667]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. She is shown in secondary sources as Fides [Foi] de Rouergue, daughter of Hugues [I] Comte de Rouergue & his wife Fe [Fides] de Cerdanya. The primary source on which this is based has not been traced. It is possible that the affiliation is speculative, suggested by her being named after her supposed mother. However, the fact that the counties which fell within the sphere of influence of the comtes de Rouergue reverted to the comtes de Toulouse after the childless death of Fides´s supposed sister Berthe, suggests that the latter had no collateral heirs either. Bernard & his wife had four children:

a) AIMERY [I] de Narbonne (-Syria [1105/06]). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 7 May 1080 which records a hearing at Narbonne in the presence of "domnus Petrus electus atque patronus eiusdem ecclesie et vicecomes Narbonensis…Aymericus nepos præscripti Petri…cum fratre suo Hugone et Berengario"[668]. Vicomte de Narbonne.

- see below.

b) HUGUES de Narbonne (-after 1 Jun 1080). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 7 May 1080 which records a hearing at Narbonne in the presence of "domnus Petrus electus atque patronus eiusdem ecclesie et vicecomes Narbonensis…Aymericus nepos præscripti Petri…cum fratre suo Hugone et Berengario"[669]. "Petrus electus primæ sedis Narbonæ et Aymericus et Ugo et Berengarius fratres, nepotes mei" donated property to the abbey of Narbonne Saint-Paul by charter dated 1 Jun 1080[670].

c) BERENGER de Narbonne (-after 1 Jun 1080). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 7 May 1080 which records a hearing at Narbonne in the presence of "domnus Petrus electus atque patronus eiusdem ecclesie et vicecomes Narbonensis…Aymericus nepos præscripti Petri…cum fratre suo Hugone et Berengario"[671]. "Petrus electus primæ sedis Narbonæ et Aymericus et Ugo et Berengarius fratres, nepotes mei" donated property to the abbey of Narbonne Saint-Paul by charter dated 1 Jun 1080[672].

d) FOI de Narbonne (-after 9 May [1105]). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Petrus vicecomes et conjux mea Fides" exchanged property with the abbey of Vabre by charter dated 9 May [1105], subscribed by "Aldeberti…"[673]. m PIERRE Vicomte de Bruniquel {Tarn-et-Garonne}, son of --- (-after 9 May [1105]).

3. PIERRE de Narbonne (-1089). "Berengarius…vicecomes et uxor mea Garsindes filiique nostri Raymundus, Petrus […clericus] et Bernardus" donated property to the cathedral of Narbonne, with the advice of "Garsindis comitissæ matri meæ", by charter dated 23 Apr 1048[674]. "Berengarius vicecomes et uxor mea Garsindis" swore allegiance to "domno Raymundo Berengarii seniori nostro" for one of his fiefs by charter dated 5 Feb 1067, subscribed by "Raimundus Berengarii, Petrus Berengarii, Bernardus Berengarii filii eorum"[675]. Bishop of Rodez. Archbishop of Narbonne. A charter dated 7 May 1080 records a hearing at Narbonne in the presence of "domnus Petrus electus atque patronus eiusdem ecclesie et vicecomes Narbonensis…Aymericus nepos præscripti Petri…cum fratre suo Hugone et Berengario", signed by "domina Magalda comitissa et Aymerico filio suo" (who, it is assumed, refer to Aimery [II] Vicomte de Narbonne and his mother which, if correct, means that the subscription post-dated the hearing)[676]. "Petrus electus primæ sedis Narbonæ et Aymericus et Ugo et Berengarius fratres, nepotes mei" donated property to the abbey of Narbonne Saint-Paul by charter dated 1 Jun 1080[677]. "Petrus Rutenensis episcopus et nepos meus Aymericus" donated property to Narbonne cathedral, for the souls of "patris mei Berengarii et matris meæ Garsindis et fratris mei Bernardi Berengarii patris Aymerici præscripti", by charter dated 13 Mar 1089[678].

4. RIXENDE de Narbonne (-after 1070). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. The marriage is suggested by the charter dated 1050 which records that "Raymundum comitem Barchinonensem et Elisabet comitssa" promised the town of Tarragona "cum ipso comitatu Terraconensis" to "Berengarium vicecomitem Narbone", referring also to "uxor eius…filiis suis aud Ricardus vicecomes de Amilau"[679]. Dame de Lodève et de Montbrun. Her name is confirmed by the charter dated 1061 under which “Bernardus filius Richardi de Amiliau quondam vicecomitis et uxoris eius Rixendis” donated property on his becoming a monk at Saint-Victor de Marseille, signed by “matris mei Rixendis”[680]. "Berengarius, Ricardi quondam vicecomitis filius" donated property to Marseille Saint-Victor "in manu abbatis Bernardi germani utique fratris mei et Ricardi eiusdem monasterii qui similiter mihi etiam frater est", for the souls of "patris mei Ricardi" and for the salvation of "matris meæ Rixendis" by charter dated 1070, signed by "Rixendis matris eius, Bernardi fratris eius"[681]. m RICHARD [II] Vicomte de Millau, son of [RICHARD [I] Vicomte de Millau & his wife Sénégonde de Béziers] (-1050).

AIMERY [I] de Narbonne, son of BERNARD Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife Fides [Foi] de Rouergue (-Syria [1105/06]). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 7 May 1080 which records a hearing at Narbonne in the presence of "domnus Petrus electus atque patronus eiusdem ecclesie et vicecomes Narbonensis…Aymericus nepos præscripti Petri…cum fratre suo Hugone et Berengario"[682]. Vicomte de Narbonne. "Petrus electus primæ sedis Narbonæ et Aymericus et Ugo et Berengarius fratres, nepotes mei" donated property to the abbey of Narbonne Saint-Paul by charter dated 1 Jun 1080[683]. "Petrus Rutenensis episcopus et nepos meus Aymericus" donated property to Narbonne cathedral, for the souls of "patris mei Berengarii et matris meæ Garsindis et fratris mei Bernardi Berengarii patris Aymerici præscripti", by charter dated 13 Mar 1089[684]. "Aimericus…vicecomes Narbone…et uxor mea Mealtis…et filiorum eius" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martial on leaving for the Holy Land, by charter dated [1100/01][685]. A charter dated 7 Feb 1102 names "Berengarii monachi Sancti Pontii et…patris sui domini Haymerici vicecomitis Narbonensis et uxoris eius…Matta filiorumque eorum…Aymericus, Giscardus et Bernardus"[686]. "Aymericus…vicecomes Narbonensis…cum uxore mea…Mahalda et filiis nostris…Aymericus, Guiscardus et Bernardus Raymundi" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières, for the souls of "patris mei Bernardi et…avi mei Berengarii et Petri Berengarii avunculi mei", for "Berengarii filii nostri" on his becoming a monk at the monastery, by charter dated 29 Apr 1103[687].

m ([1085/87]) as her second husband, MATHILDE of Apulia, widow of RAMÓN BERENGUER II "Cabeza le Estopa/Cap d'Estopes" Conde de Barcelona, daughter of ROBERT "Guiscard" Duke of Apulia & his second wife Sichelgaita di Salerno ([1059]-after 6 Jun 1112, bur Girona). Mathilde was the oldest daughter of Robert "Guiscard" according to William of Apulia[688]. The Alexeiad records that Robert "Guiscard" betrothed "one daughter to Raymond, son of the Count Barcinon" but does not name her[689]. She was known as MAHALTA in Catalonia. She was strongly supported by Guillem Ramón Seneschal of Catalonia and his brothers after the murder of her first husband. Her second marriage is deduced from the testament of her son by her first marriage "Raimundus Berengarii…Barchinonensis comes et marchio", dated [8 Jul] 1130, which appoints "Aimericum fratrem meum" as one of the testator's manumissores[690]. "Aimericus…vicecomes Narbone…et uxor mea Mealtis…et filiorum eius" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martial on leaving for the Holy Land, by charter dated [1100/01][691]. A charter dated 7 Feb 1102 names "domini Haymerici vicecomitis Narbonensis et uxoris eius…Matta filiorumque eorum…Aymericus, Giscardus et Bernardus"[692]. "Aymericus…vicecomes Narbonensis…cum uxore mea…Mahalda et filiis nostris…Aymericus, Guiscardus et Bernardus Raymundi" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières for "Berengarii filii nostri" on his becoming a monk at the monastery by charter dated 29 Apr 1103[693]. Ramon Berenguer and his mother Mahalta issued a charter dated 6 Jun 1112[694].

Aimery [I] & his wife had four children:

1. AIMERY [II] de Narbonne (-killed in battle Fraga, Aragon 17 Jul 1134). A charter dated 7 Feb 1102 names "domini Haymerici vicecomitis Narbonensis et uxoris eius…Matta filiorumque eorum…Aymericus, Giscardus et Bernardus"[695]. Vicomte de Narbonne. “Aymericus de Narbona filius Mahaltis fæminæ” swore allegiance to “Bernard-Atonem filium qui fuisti Hermengardis” by charter dated to [1107][696]. "Raimundus Berengarii…Barchinonensis comes et marchio", appointed "Aimericum fratrem meum" as one of his manumissores in his testament dated [8 Jul] 1130[697]. “Aymericus Narbonæ et uxor mea Ermessindis vicecomitissa et filius meus Aymericus” granted property to “Geraldo de Condomo et uxori tuæ Garsindæ” by charter dated 19 Jan 1130[698]. The Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris names "…Gaston of Béarn, Centulle of Bigorre and Almaric of Narbonne" among those who were killed in the battle of Fraga[699]. Aimery was a close friend of Alfonso [I] "el Batallador" King of Aragon, who was himself mortally wounded during the battle of Fraga. m firstly ERMENGARDE, daughter of --- (-[1 May] ----). "Aimericus vicecomes Narbonensis et uxor mea Ermengardis" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse by charter dated 26 May 1114[700]. It is assumed that Ermengarde was a different person from “Ermessindis” who is recorded as Aimery´s wife in 1130 (see below). It appears unlikely there would be confusion between the two names in contemporary sources as the roots for the second part of the two names are different. It is possible that Ermengarde was related to the vicomtes de Béziers as the testament of “Raymundo Trencavelli vicecomite”, dated 21 Apr 1154, names “Hermengardæ de Narbona meæ consanguineæ“[701], and no other relationship between the two families has yet been identified. The necrology of the abbey of Quarante records the death "Kal Mai" of "Hermengardis vicecomitissa Narbonensis"[702]. As this date is inconsistent with the date of death of her daughter Ermengarde, as reported in other sources, it is possible that this entry refers to the first wife of Vicomte Aimery [II]. m secondly ERMESINDE, daughter of ---. “Aymericus Narbonæ et uxor mea Ermessindis vicecomitissa et filius meus Aymericus” granted property to “Geraldo de Condomo et uxori tuæ Garsindæ” by charter dated 19 Jan 1130[703]. Aimery [II] & his [first] wife had one child:

a) ERMENGARDE de Narbonne (-Perpignan 14 Oct 1197). Vicomtesse de Narbonne. "Hermengardis vicecomitissæ Narbonæ…filia Hermengardis" reached agreement with "Raimundo Trencavello…filius Cæciliæ" by charter dated 20 Jul 1151[704]. The primary source which confirms her two marriages has not yet been identified. The testament of “Raymundo Trencavelli vicecomite”, dated 21 Apr 1154, names “Hermengardæ de Narbona meæ consanguineæ“[705]. The precise relationship between the two has not yet been identified, although as noted above it was possibly through Ermengarde´s mother whose parentage is not otherwise known. "Ermengarde vicecomitissa Narbonæ et Aymerico eius nepote" signed the charter dated 1167 under which “Raymundus comes Tolosæ" donated property to "Rogerio Bernardi Fuxensi comiti, viro Cæciliæ filiæ quondam Trencavelli, et eidem Cæciliæ"[706]. Orkneyinga Saga records that Rognvald Jarl of Orkney visited Narbonne, ruled by “Ermingerd” daughter of “Germanus” who had recently died, on his way to Galicia and that Ermengarde was willing to marry him but he refused[707]. She must have resigned the vicomté before 1192, as shown by the charter of that date which names "Petrus comes, vicecomes Narbonæ"[708]. A "Chronique en Languedocien, tirée du cartulaire de Raymond le Jeune comte de Toulouse" records the death in Apr 1194 of "Ermengart de Narbona"[709]. The Thalamus de Montpellier records the death in 1196 of "la dona Ermengartz de Narbona"[710]. The Chronicle of Narbonne Saint-Paul records the death "apud Port" in 1197 of "Ermenjardis domina Narbonæ"[711]. The necrology of the church of Saint-Paul de Narbonne records the death 14 Oct 1197 at Perpignan of Ermengarde[712]. m firstly ALPHONSE comes --- (-1145). m secondly BERNARD [IV] Sire d’Anduze {Gard}.

Aimery [II] & his [first/second] wife had one child:

b) AIMERY de Narbonne (-[1130/34]). “Aymericus Narbonæ et uxor mea Ermessindis vicecomitissa et filius meus Aymericus” granted property to “Geraldo de Condomo et uxori tuæ Garsindæ” by charter dated 19 Jan 1130[713].

Aimery [II] & his [second] wife had one child:

c) ERMESINDE de Narbonne (-7 Jan 1177, bur Santa María de Huerta). The Nobiliario of Pedro Conde de Barcelos records that "D. Manrique de Lara" married "D. Hermesenda, hija de D. Almerique el primer señor de Narbonna"[714]. “Ermessenda comitissa…quondam uxor Almarrici comitis…cum filiis meis…domno Amelrico et domno Petro atque Guillelmo et domna Maria et domna Sancia et domna Ermengard” donated property to Burgos cathedral by charter dated 14 Aug 1164[715]. “Armesen comitissa, uxor comitis Almarrich et filia Aimerich de Narbonna” donated property “Arandilla” to the monastery of Huerta by charter dated 14 Mar 1167[716]. If it is correct, as suggested above, that Aimery [II] married twice, Ermesinde´s name suggests that she was the daughter of his second wife but this is not beyond all doubt. m (1153) don MANRIQUE Pérez de Lara, son of don PEDRO González de Lara & his wife doña Eva --- ([1110]-killed in battle Garcianarro 9 Jul 1164, bur Cistercian abbey of Santa María de Huerta).

2. GUISCARD (-after 29 Apr 1103). The existence of another child (or children) is confirmed by the charter dated [1100/01] under which "Aimericus…vicecomes Narbone…et uxor mea Mealtis…et filiorum eius" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Martial on leaving for the Holy Land[717]. A charter dated 7 Feb 1102 names "domini Haymerici vicecomitis Narbonensis et uxoris eius…Matta filiorumque eorum…Aymericus, Giscardus et Bernardus"[718]. "Aymericus…vicecomes Narbonensis…cum uxore mea…Mahalda et filiis nostris…Aymericus, Guiscardus et Bernardus Raymundi" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières for "Berengarii filii nostri" on his becoming a monk at the monastery by charter dated 29 Apr 1103[719].

3. BERNARD RAYMOND (-after 29 Apr 1103). A charter dated 7 Feb 1102 names "domini Haymerici vicecomitis Narbonensis et uxoris eius…Matta filiorumque eorum…Aymericus, Giscardus et Bernardus"[720]. "Aymericus…vicecomes Narbonensis…cum uxore mea…Mahalda et filiis nostris…Aymericus, Guiscardus et Bernardus Raymundi" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières for "Berengarii filii nostri" on his becoming a monk at the monastery by charter dated 29 Apr 1103[721].

4. BERENGER (-after 29 Apr 1103). A charter dated 7 Feb 1102 names "Berengarii monachi Sancti Pontii et…patris sui domini Haymerici vicecomitis Narbonensis et uxoris eius…Matta filiorumque eorum…Aymericus, Giscardus et Bernardus"[722]. Monk at Saint-Pons de Thomières. "Aymericus…vicecomes Narbonensis…cum uxore mea…Mahalda et filiis nostris…Aymericus, Guiscardus et Bernardus Raymundi" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières for "Berengarii filii nostri" on his becoming a monk at the monastery by charter dated 29 Apr 1103[723].

H. VICOMTES de NARBONNE 1175-1423 (LARA)

don PEDRO Manríque de Lara, son of conde don MANRIQUE Pérez de Lara & his wife Ermesinde Ctss de Narbonne (-Jan 1202, bur Santa María de Huerta). “Ermessenda comitissa…quondam uxor Almarrici comitis…cum filiis meis…domno Amelrico et domno Petro atque Guillelmo et domna Maria et domna Sancia et domna Ermengard” donated property to Burgos cathedral by charter dated 14 Aug 1164[724]. Conde before 1164. Señor de Molina y Mesa. “Almaricus dux Narbone…fratrem suum comitem Petrum” donated property “la mitad de las salinas de Terceguela” to the monastery of Huerta by charter dated 17 May 1172[725]. Mayordomo mayor of Fernando II King of Leon 11 Feb 1185. Vicomte de Narbonne. A charter dated 1192 names "Petrus comes, vicecomes Narbonæ"[726]. "Petrus…comes et Narbonensis vicecomes" donated feudal rights to "domino Remundo consanguineo suo, episcopo Lodovensi" by charter dated Sep 1192[727]. The vicomté was presumably withdrawn from Pedro in early 1193 as shown by the charter dated Jun 1193 under which Alfonso II King of Aragon granted the vicomté de Narbonne to "Raymundo-Rotgerii...nepoti meo" (identified as Raymond Roger Comte de Foix)[728]. The confiscation must, however, have been short-lived as a charter dated 8 Nov 1193 records an agreement between "comitem Petrum, vicecomitem Narbonæ" and "Guillelmum Monetarium", confirmed by "Aymericus filius...comitis"[729]. The Anales Toledanos record the death in Jan 1202 of “el Conde D. Pedro”[730].

m firstly ([1170/73]) as her second husband, Infanta doña SANCHA de Navarra, widow of GASTON [V] Vicomte de Béarn, daughter of GARCIA VI "el Restaurador" King of Navarre & his second wife doña Urraca Alfonso “la Asturiana” de Castilla (1148-1176). Rodrigo de Toledo records that "Rex Garsias tertiam filiam…Sanciam" married "Gastoni vicecomiti Bearnensi", that the couple died childless and that she married secondly "Petro comiti Molinensi" by whom she had "filium…Aimericum qui fuit vicecomes Narbonensis"[731].

m secondly MARGUERITE [consanguinea of HENRY II King of England[732]] (-after 17 Nov 1189). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.

m thirdly (after 1195) as her second husband, doña MAFALDA, widow of don PEDRO Ruiz de Guzmán, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.

Pedro & his first wife had [three] children:

1. don MANRIQUE [Amalric] Manrique de Lara, son of Conde don PEDRO Manrique de Lara Señor de Molina & his first wife doña Sancha Infanta de Navarra (-[Narbonne Saint-Paul] 25 Feb 1236). Rodrigo de Toledo names "filium…Aimericum qui fuit vicecomes Narbonensis" as son of "Rex Garsias tertiam filiam…Sanciam" and her second husband "Petro comiti Molinensi"[733]. A charter dated 8 Nov 1193 records an agreement between "comitem Petrum, vicecomitem Narbonæ" and "Guillelmum Monetarium", confirmed by "Aymericus filius...comitis"[734]. He succeeded in 1202 as Vicomte de Narbonne. "Aymericus…vicecomes Narbonæ…filio dominæ Sanciæ" donated property for the soul of "patris mei quondam comitis Petri" by charter dated 1203[735]. "Americus…vicecomes Narbone" confirmed a donation by "felicis memorie Margareta quondam uxor mee" donated property to Port-Royal by charter dated Jan 1231/32 which records that "filia nostra Aelisis" was received as a nun[736]. The Chronicle of Narbonne Saint-Paul records the death "V Kal Mar" in 1236 of "dominus Aimericus de Narbona, canonicus Sancti Pauli"[737]. If it is correct that Vicomte Aimery became a canon at Saint-Paul, he probably died at the monastery. [m firstly] (bigamously 1202, separated 1208), as her second husband, GUILLEMA de Castellvell, separated wife of GUILLEM RAMON de Montcada [later Vicomte de Béarn], daughter of GUILLEM [V] Senyor de Castellvell de Rosanes & his wife --- (-[1226/28]). The primary source which confirms her parentage and two marriages has not yet been identified. She was abandoned by her first husband. She returned to Catalonia after separating from her second husband in 1208[738]. She succeeded her brother in 1205 as Senyora de Castellvell de Rosanes, Mara, El Far, Pontous, Benviure, Llvaneres, Olesa, Voltrera. [m secondly ADELAIDE, daughter of --- (-5 Oct 1221). The Chronicle of Narbonne Saint-Paul records the death "III Non Oct" in 1221 of "domina Adalaicis vicecomitissa Narbonæ" and a donation for her anniversary[739]. No direct indication has been found of the name of Adelaide´s husband. However, there appears to be no other possibility than that she was the [second] wife of Vicomte Aimery [III]. If this is correct, she may have been the mother of some or all of the four children named below, whose mother is not specified in the sources so far consulted.] m [thirdly] ([Oct 1221/Jul 1223]) MARGUERITE de Marly Dame de Verneuil {Eure}, daughter of MATTHIEU de Montmorency Seigneur de Marly & his wife Mathilde de Garlande (-7 Aug [1230]). "Fratres mei Matheus et Guillelmus et soror mee Margareta" consented to a charter dated 1209 under which "Buchardus dominus Marliaci" confirmed a donation by "Matheus pater meus…et mater mea"[740]. "Margareta domina Narbone" donated property "in censu Malliaco" to Port-Royal by charter dated Jul 1223[741]. Her parentage is confirmed by the donation to Port-Royal by charter dated 1242 by "Hemericus Narbona clericus filius quondam bone memorie Nemerici vicecomitis Nabone et Margarete eius uxor" which specifies that the latter was "sororis quondam nobilo viro Mathei de Malliaco militis"[742]. The necrology of Port-Royal records the death "VII Id Aug" of "Marguerite vicecomtesse de Narbonne"[743]. Aimery [III] & his [second/third] wife had four children:

a) AMALRIC[744] [I] de Narbonne (-1270). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated Apr 1229 in which "Mathæi de Malliaco" confirmed that "filii Aymerici de Narbona, nepotes eiusdem Mathæi" were their father´s heirs, transcribed 26 Jul 1271 in the presence of "Amalrici filii nobilis viri D. Amalrici...vicecomitis quondam Narbonæ"[745]. Vicomte de Narbonne in early 1238, when he exchanged oaths with the consuls of Narbonne in February 1238[746]. - see below.

b) ERMENGARDE de Narbonne . The marriage contract of "Rogerio-Bernardo...comiti Fuxensi" and "Aymericus...vicecomes Narbonæ...Ermengardi...filiæ", on the advice of "Mathæi de Malliaco cognati nostri", is dated 23 Jan 1232 and names "Aymerico et Amalrico filiis nostris"[747]. The reference to "Mathæi de Malliaco" suggests that Ermengarde was the daughter of Aimery [III]´s [third] marriage, although if this is correct she would have been only ten years old or younger at the time of the marriage contract. m (contract 23 Jan 1232) as his second wife, ROGER BERNARD [II] Comte de Foix, son of RAYMOND ROGER Comte de Foix & his wife Philippa --- (-1241).

c) MARGUERITE de Narbonne . The marriage contract of "Guillelmus de Montecatano" and "Aymerico de Narbona...Margarita...filia sua" is dated 15 Mar 1233[748]. m (contract 15 Mar 1233) GUILLAUME de Montecatanier, son of ---.

d) ALIX de Narbonne . "Americus…vicecomes Narbone" confirmed a donation by "felicis memorie Margareta quondam uxor mee" donated property to Port-Royal by charter dated Jan 1231/32 which records that "filia nostra Aelisis" was received as a nun[749].

Aimery [III] & his [third] wife had one child:

e) AIMERY de Narbonne (-before 1263). The marriage contract of "Rogerio-Bernardo...comiti Fuxensi" and "Aymericus...vicecomes Narbonæ...Ermengardi...filiæ", on the advice of "Mathæi de Malliaco cognati nostri", is dated 23 Jan 1232 and names "Aymerico et Amalrico filiis nostris"[750]. His parentage is confirmed by the donation to Port-Royal by charter dated 1242 by "Hemericus Narbona clericus filius quondam bone memorie Nemerici vicecomitis Nabone et Margarete eius uxor" which specifies that the latter was "sororis quondam nobilo viro Mathei de Malliaco militis"[751]. Seigneur de Verneuil {Eure}. Canon of Chartres {Eure}.

2. other children: SPANISH NOBILITY, LARA.

AMALRIC [I] de Narbonne, son of AIMERY [III] Vicomte de Narbonne & his [second/third] wife [Adelaide ---/Marguerite de Marly] (-1270). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated Apr 1229 in which "Mathæi de Malliaco" confirmed that "filii Aymerici de Narbona, nepotes eiusdem Mathæi" were their father´s heirs, transcribed 26 Jul 1271 in the presence of "Amalrici filii nobilis viri D. Amalrici...vicecomitis quondam Narbonæ"[752]. No direct indication has been found about the identity of his mother. The marriage contract of "Rogerio-Bernardo...comiti Fuxensi" and "Aymericus...vicecomes Narbonæ...Ermengardi...filiæ", on the advice of "Mathæi de Malliaco cognati nostri", is dated 23 Jan 1232 and names "Aymerico et Amalrico filiis nostris"[753]. Vicomte de Narbonne in early 1238, when he exchanged oaths with the consuls of Narbonne in February 1238[754]. This date of 1238 is confirmed by the approval of milling regulations dated 25 Jun 1238 by "Amalricus…vicecomes et dominus Narbone"[755].

m PHILIPPA d'Anduze Dame de Sommières {Gard}, daughter of PIERRE BERMOND [VII] Sire d'Anduze {Gard} and his first wife Josserande de Poitiers-Valentinois (-after Nov 1272). A charter dated 24 Mar 1271 records the agreement between "dominum Aymericum et dominum Amalricum fratres, filios quondam domini Amalrici...vicecomitis et domini Narbone" concerning their father´s inheritance, and names "domine Philippe matris eorum"[756]. Her name is confirmed by the charter dated 27 Nov 1271 under which her son "Aymericus...vicecomes et dominus Narbone, filius quondam nobilis viri Amalrici...vicecomitis et domini Narbone et domine Philippe eus uxoris" granted rights. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

Amalric [I] & his wife had five children:

1. AIMERY [IV] (-1298). "Aymericus...vicecomes et dominus Narbone, filius quondam nobilis viri Amalrici...vicecomitis et domini Narbone et domine Philippe eus uxoris" granted rights in exchange for which the Consuls donated money each year, by charter dated 27 Nov 1272. Vicomte de Narbonne. A charter dated 24 Mar 1271 records the agreement between "dominum Aymericum et dominum Amalricum fratres, filios quondam domini Amalrici...vicecomitis et domini Narbone" concerning their father´s inheritance, and names "domine Philippe matris eorum", later confirmed by "Sibylia uxor dicti domini Aymerici et domina Alcayeta uxor dicti domini Amalrici"[757]. m (before 24 Mar 1271) SIBYLLE de Foix, daughter of ROGER [IV] Comte de Foix & his wife doña Brunisenda Folch de Cardona (-before 1289). A charter dated 24 Mar 1271 records the agreement between "dominum Aymericum et dominum Amalricum fratres, filios quondam domini Amalrici...vicecomitis et domini Narbone" concerning their father´s inheritance, later confirmed by "Sibylia uxor dicti domini Aymerici et domina Alcayeta uxor dicti domini Amalrici"[758]. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner which records that "Don Amalric de Narbonne…et le seigneur infant Jacques d´Arragon" had married "deux sœurs, filles du comte de Foix", adding that the bride was aged 14[759]. Aimery [IV] & his wife had two children:

a) AMALRIC [II] de Narbonne (-1328). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Vicomte de Narbonne.

- see below.

b) MARGUERITE de Narbonne . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m (Burgos 1281) Infante don PEDRO de Castilla Señor de Lodesma, son of don ALFONSO X "el Sabio" King of Castile & his wife Infanta doña Violante de Aragón (Seville [15 May/25 Jul] 1260-Ledesma 20 Oct 1283).

2. AMALRIC de Narbonne (-after 11 Jan 1302). A charter dated 24 Mar 1271 records the agreement between "dominum Aymericum et dominum Amalricum fratres, filios quondam domini Amalrici...vicecomitis et domini Narbone" concerning their father´s inheritance, and names "domine Philippe matris eorum", later confirmed by "Sibylia uxor dicti domini Aymerici et domina Alcayeta uxor dicti domini Amalrici"[760]. He received the Baronnie of Pérignan {now Fleury-d'Aude, Aude} when his brother shared the viscounty with him in 1272. By his testament dated 11 Jan 1302, he shared the Baronnie of Pérignan between his two sons Amalric Baron de Talairan {Aude} and Aimery who received a smaller Baronnie of Pérignan with the corresponding title. In 1346, Aimery who had no male issue sold Pérignan to Philippe VI King of France. The older branch of Pérignan came to be known subsequently as that of the Seigneurs de Talairan {Aude}. m firstly (before 24 Mar 1271) ALGAYETTE de Rodez, daughter of HUGUES [IV] Comte de Rodez {Aveyron] and his wife Isabelle de Roquefeuil, Vicomtesse de Creissels {Aveyron} (-[1274/80], bur Narbonne, tombstone in the Lamourguier Museum in Narbonne). A charter dated 24 Mar 1271 records the agreement between "dominum Aymericum et dominum Amalricum fratres, filios quondam domini Amalrici...vicecomitis et domini Narbone" concerning their father´s inheritance, later confirmed by "Sibylia uxor dicti domini Aymerici et domina Alcayeta uxor dicti domini Amalrici"[761]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. m secondly MARIE d'Antioche, daughter of --- (-after 11 Nov 1308). "Amalric de Narbonne, seigneur de Pérignan, fils du vicomte Amalric" recognised rights by undated charter, approved by "Dame Marie, femme d'Amalric"[762]. The primary source which confirms her origin has not yet been identified.

- BARONS de TALAIRAN.

3. GUILLAUME de Narbonne (-after 23 Jun 1270). The testament of Jeanne Ctss de Toulouse, dated 23 Jun 1270, bequeathed property to "…Gaucerande filie…domini Amalrici vicecomitis Narbone consanguine nostre…Margarite filie dicti domini Amalrici sorori dicte Gaucerande, consanguine nostre…Guilelmo de Narbona clerico fratri dictarum Gaucerande et Margarite, consanguineo nostro..."[763]. Seigneur de Verneuil {Eure}. Archdeacon. Canon of Chartres and Narbonne.

4. GAUSSERANDE de Narbonne (-after 23 Jun 1270). The testament of Jeanne Ctss de Toulouse, dated 23 Jun 1270, bequeathed property to "…Gaucerande filie…domini Amalrici vicecomitis Narbone consanguine nostre…Margarite filie dicti domini Amalrici sorori dicte Gaucerande, consanguine nostre…Guilelmo de Narbona clerico fratri dictarum Gaucerande et Margarite, consanguineo nostro..."[764]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. m GUILLAUME de Voisins Seigneur de Limoux and Couffoulens {Aude].

5. MARGUERITE de Narbonne (-after 23 Jun 1270). The testament of Jeanne Ctss de Toulouse, dated 23 Jun 1270, bequeathed property to "…Gaucerande filie…domini Amalrici vicecomitis Narbone consanguine nostre…Margarite filie dicti domini Amalrici sorori dicte Gaucerande, consanguine nostre…Guilelmo de Narbona clerico fratri dictarum Gaucerande et Margarite, consanguineo nostro..."[765].

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

AMALRIC [II] de Narbonne, son of AIMERY [IV] Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife Sibylle de Foix (-1328). Vicomte de Narbonne.

m JEANNE de l'Isle-Jourdain, daughter of JOURDAIN [IV] Seigneur de l'Isle-Jourdain and his wife Vacquerie Adhémar de Monteil {now Montélimar, Drôme} (-before 1342).

Amalric [II] & his wife had eight children:

1. AIMERY [V] de Narbonne (-1328). Vicomte de Narbonne. m ELIETA [de Rocaberti, daughter of FELIPE DALMAS [I] Visconde de Rocaberti & his wife ---].

2. AIMERY [VI] de Narbonne (-1336). Vicomte de Narbonne. m firstly (contract Bagnole 24 Nov 1309) CATHERINE de Poitiers-Valentinois, daughter of AYMAR [IV] de Poitiers Comte de Valentinois & his second wife Marguerite de Genève (-after 1322). m secondly TIBURGE d'Usson [de Son, de So], daughter of ---. Aimery [V] & his [first/second] wife had three children:

a) AMALRIC [III] de Narbonne (-1341). Vicomte de Narbonne. m MARIE [de Canet, daughter of RAIMOND Vicomte de Canet {Pyrénées-Orientales} & his wife ---]. Amalric [III] & his wife had one child:

i) MARGUERITE de Narbonne .

b) AIMERY [VI] de Narbonne (-1388). Vicomte de Narbonne. m firstly BEATRIX de Sully, daughter of JEAN [II] Sire de Sully & his wife Marguerite de Clermont. m secondly (1360 after 17 Jun) YOLANDE de Genève, daughter of AMEDEE III Comte de Genève & his wife Mathilde de Boulogne. m thirdly ([1364]) BEATRIU d'Arborea, daughter of MARIANO IV Giudice di Arborea & his wife Timbor (Tiburge) de Rocabertí. m fourthly GUILLEMA de Viladermany, daughter of ---. m fifthly MARQUEZIA de Fenollet, daughter of ---. Vicomte Aimery [VI] & his third wife had seven children:

i) AIMERY (-1377).

ii) PIERRE (-1377).

iii) ERMENGARDE .

iv) GUILLAUME [I] de Narbonne (-[1397]). Vicomte de Narbonne. m as her first husband, GUERINE de Beaufort-Canillac, daughter of MARQUES Roger de Beaufort & his wife Catherine d'Auvergne. She married secondly Guillaume de Tinières. Guillaume [I] & his wife had two children:

(a) AIMERY (-young).

(b) GUILLAUME [II] de Narbonne (-killed in battle 1423). Vicomte de Narbonne. Giudice di Arborea. He was succeeded as Vicomte de Narbonne by Guillaume de Tinières, his uterine half-brother. m as her first husband, MARGUERITE d’Armagnac, daughter of JEAN [III] Comte d’Armagnac & his wife Marguerite Ctss de Comminges.

v) BEATRICE (-[1377/97]). A nun.

vi) ELEONORE (-[1377/97]).

vii) BOURGUINE .

c) SIBYLLE de Narbonne . m ANDRE de Fenouillet Vicomte d'Ille [-sur-Têt] et Canet {Pyrénées-Orientales}.

3. JEANNE de Narbonne . m DEODAT de Caylus baron de Sévérac {Aveyron}.

4. GAUSSERANDE de Narbonne . m firstly (25 Jan 1303) as his second wife, GUERIN [V] de Châteauneuf [de-Randon] {Lozère} Seigneur et Baron d'Apcher {Prunières, near Saint-Chély [-d'Apcher] {Lozère}, son of GUERIN [IV] d'Apcher & his wife Maragde (Smaragda) de Canillac. m secondly (29 Oct 1317) as his second wife, JASPERT [V] Vicomte de Castelnou {Pyrénées-Orientales}, son of GUILLAUME VI Vicomte de Castelnou & his wife Ava de Vernet [-les-Bains], dame de Céret {Pyrénées-Orientales} (-1321).

5. GUILLAUME de Narbonne . Seigneur de Montagnac {Hérault}. He died insane. m GAILLARDE de Lévis Dame de Montagu, daughter of THIBAUD de Lévis Seigneur et Baron de Penne {Tarn} et de Montbrun {Montbrun-Bocage, Haute-Garonne} & his wife Anglésie de Montaigut {Tarn} Dame de Montbrun.

6. PIERRE de Narbonne . Bishop of Urgel.

7. CONSTANCE de Narbonne . m (1329) ARNAUD de Trians {Var} dit de Trians-Montmajour, a nephew (maternal side) of Pope John XXII Vicomte de Tallard {Hautes-Alpes}.

8. SIBYLLE de Narbonne .

I. VICOMTES de NARBONNE 1423-1447 (TINIERES)

1. PIERRE de Tinières . m JEANNE de Cardaillac, daughter of ---.

a) GUILLAUME de Tinières (-1447). Seigneur de Mardogne {castle in Joursac, Cantal}. m as her second husband, GUERINE de Beaufort-Canillac, widow of GUILLAUME [I] Vicomte de Narbonne, daughter of MARQUES Roger de Beaufort & his wife Catherine d'Auvergne. Guillaume & his wife had two children:

i) PIERRE GUILLAUME [III] de Tinières (-1447). He succeded his uterine half-brother Vicomte Guillaume II as Vicomte de Narbonne in 1423. m ANNE d'Apchon, daughter of ---.

ii) MARGUERITE de Tinières . She sold the Vicomté de Narbonne in 1447 to Gaston IV Comte de Foix, Vicomte de Béarn, but retained the title Vicomtesse. In 1507, Gaston de Foix, Comte d'Étampes et Vicomte de Narbonne exchanged the Vicomté de Narbonne for the Duché de Nemours with Louis XII King of France.

J. SEIGNEURS de TERMES

1. PIERRE Olivier (-after 1093). Seigneur de Termes. "Raimundus Raimundi de Durfort et omnes filii mei Petrus Raimundi et Raimundus Tedomar et Bernardus Raimundus et frater meus Ugo Raimundus" donated their share of the abbey of Saint-Martin du Puy to the abbey of Grasse, with the advice of "Petri Olivarii seniori de castro…Therme", by charter dated 1093[766].

2. GUILLAUME Raymond (-after 1118). Seigneur de Termes. "Willelmus Raymundi et fratres mei Alalrandus et Bernardus" donated "castrum de Termino" to Cécile Vicomtesse de Carcassonne by charter dated 1118[767].

3. ALALRAND (-after 1118). "Willelmus Raymundi et fratres mei Alalrandus et Bernardus" donated "castrum de Termino" to Cécile Vicomtesse de Carcassonne by charter dated 1118[768].

4. BERNARD (-after 1118). "Willelmus Raymundi et fratres mei Alalrandus et Bernardus" donated "castrum de Termino" to Cécile Vicomtesse de Carcassonne by charter dated 1118[769].

5. --- . m ESTRIA, daughter of ---. Two children:

a) RAYMOND de Termes (-after 12 Dec 1163). A charter dated 12 Dec 1163 records a dispute between "Raimundum de Terminio et Guillermum fratrem eius de castro de Terminio"[770].

b) GUILLAUME (-after 12 Dec 1163). Seigneur de Termes. "Guillelmus de Termino filius Estriæ et…Petrus Olivarii filius Adalmus" swore allegiance to Raymond Trencavel Vicomte de Béziers for "castello…Durfort…castrum de Termino" by charter dated 1 Nov 1163[771]. A charter dated 12 Dec 1163 records a dispute between "Raimundum de Terminio et Guillermum fratrem eius de castro de Terminio"[772].

6. --- . m ADALME, daughter of ---. Three children:

a) PIERRE Olivier (-after 17 Nov 1191). "Guillelmus de Termino filius Estriæ et…Petrus Olivarii filius Adalmus" swore allegiance to Raymond Trencavel Vicomte de Béziers for "castello…Durfort…castrum de Termino" by charter dated 1 Nov 1163[773]. Seigneur de Termes. A charter dated 17 Nov 1191 records a dispute between Roger Vicomte de Béziers and "Petrum Olivarium et […fratrem meum] Raimundum de Terme et Ricsovendam de Terme et Guilhelmum de Minerba maritum eius" regarding "patria de Termenez"[774].

b) RAYMOND (-after 17 Nov 1191). A charter dated 17 Nov 1191 records a dispute between Roger Vicomte de Béziers and "Petrum Olivarium et […fratrem meum] Raimundum de Terme et Ricsovendam de Terme et Guilhelmum de Minerba maritum eius" regarding "patria de Termenez"[775]. Seigneur de Termes.

c) RICSOVENDE (-after 17 Nov 1191). A charter dated 17 Nov 1191 records a dispute between Roger Vicomte de Béziers and "Petrum Olivarium et […fratrem meum] Raimundum de Terme et Ricsovendam de Terme et Guilhelmum de Minerba maritum eius" regarding "patria de Termenez"[776]. m GUILLAUME de Minerve, son of --- (-after 1210).

7. OLIVIER . Seigneur de Termes. "Olivarius et Bernardus de Terminis fratres" transferred the castle of Termes to Louis IX King of France by charter dated 21 Nov 1228[777].

8. BERNARD . "Olivarius et Bernardus de Terminis fratres" transferred the castle of Termes to Louis IX King of France by charter dated 21 Nov 1228[778].

Chapter 4. COMTES de COMMINGES

The county of Comminges was originally part of the duchy/county of Gascony and covered the diocesis of the same name (except for the part included in the county of Aure) as well as the diocesis of Couserans[779]. Jaurgain traces their supposed descent from Aznar Sancho Duke of Gascony[780]. However, he reconstructs the line based mainly on patronymics and it appears to be unsupported by other primary source evidence. If the line of descent is correct, the counts recognised the suzerainty of Raoul King of France in 932. They were later independent until the 13th century. Bernard V Comte de Comminges swore allegiance to Louis VIII King of France in Aug 1226, but 18 Nov 1244 recognised the suzerainty of the comte de Toulouse in respect of all his possessions in Comminges and Couserans[781]. Higounet highlights[782] that the comtes de Comminges granted the title comte to younger sons, who ruled over only a small part of the county, which has complicated the reconstruction of the genealogy of the family.

1. AZNAR [III], son of [LOUP Aznar [Comte de Comminges] & his wife ---] (-[940]). Jaurgain states that "Loup Aznar comte de Comminges" was the father of "Aznar III" but does not cite the primary source on which this is based[783]. "Vicecomes…Asnarius" founded the monastery of Peyrissas, on returning from pilgrimage to Rome, and placed it under the protection of "comiti Comunensis", by charter dated to [915][784]. "Vicecomes…Asnarius" founded the monastery of Peyrissas, on returning from pilgrimage to Rome, and placed it under the protection of "comiti Comunensis", dated to [915] (by Jaurgain), as recorded in a charter of the abbey of Lézat dated to [1075][785]. [Comte de Comminges].

The connection between the following family group and the comtes de Comminges has not yet been established.

1. BERNARD ODON (-before [1075]). Comte [de Comminges]. A charter of the abbey of Lézat dated to [1075], which records the foundation of the monastery of Peyrissas, states that "mortuo comite Convenarum, surrexit Bernardus-Oddo filius eius" who offered "filium suum…Rogerium" as a monk, and that the latter became abbot after the death of his father, subscribed by "Rogerii abbatis et fratrum eius comitem Raimundi-Bernardi et Bernardi patris Raimundi…"[786]. m ---. The name of Bernard Odon´s wife is not known. Bernard Odon & his wife had two children:

a) RAYMOND BERNARD . A charter of the abbey of Lézat dated to [1075], which records the foundation of the monastery of Peyrissas, states that "mortuo comite Convenarum, surrexit Bernardus-Oddo filius eius" who offered "filium suum…Rogerium" as a monk, and that the latter became abbot after the death of his father, subscribed by "Rogerii abbatis et fratrum eius comitem Raimundi-Bernardi et Bernardi patris Raimundi…"[787]. Comte [de Comminges].

b) ROGER . A charter of the abbey of Lézat dated to [1075], which records the foundation of the monastery of Peyrissas, states that "mortuo comite Convenarum, surrexit Bernardus-Oddo filius eius" who offered "filium suum…Rogerium" as a monk, and that the latter became abbot after the death of his father, subscribed by "Rogerii abbatis et fratrum eius comitem Raimundi-Bernardi et Bernardi patris Raimundi…"[788]. Abbot of Peyrissas.

Two brothers, whose origin is unknown. According to Jaurgain, they were sons of Aznar [III] (see above)[789]. Settipani[790] highlights that the hypothesis depends on the co-identity of "Raymundus…germani mei Ludovicus, Ademarus, Garsia, Amelius, filii Enardi filii Aneri…" (who granted property to the abbey of Auch by charter dated [998][791]) with "Raymond" son of Arnaud de Comminges. However, these supposed brothers of Raymond are not referred to in any other documents so far identified which name the sons of Arnaud de Comminges.

1. ARNAUD [I] de Comminges (-before 27 Nov 957). Comte de Comminges et de Couserans. "Arnaldus et uxore mea Arsendis" donated property to the abbey of Lézat by charter dated Apr 944, signed by "Arnaldo et uxore sua…Arsendis et filiis suis vel filias…"[792]. "Arnaldus et uxor mea Arsindis, et Rodgarius et Odo filiis nostris" donated property to the abbey of Montolieu, near Carcassonne for the souls of "…et Rodgario fratre meo" by charter dated 7 Apr 949[793]. m ([925/35]) ARSINDE, daughter of --- ([905/20]-after [959]). "Arnaldus et uxore mea Arsendis" donated property to the abbey of Lézat by charter dated Apr 944, signed by "Arnaldo et uxore sua…Arsendis et filiis suis vel filias…"[794]. Her parentage is not known. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[795], Arsinde was the daughter of Acfred Duke of Aquitaine, Comte d'Auvergne, first cousin of Acfred [II] Comte de Carcassonne. Settipani highlights that the obvious way of explaining the transmission of the county of Carcassonne to the family of the Comtes de Comminges is that she was Arsinde de Carcassonne, daughter of Acfred Comte de Carcassonne et de Razès Seigneur de Foix & his wife ---[796]. However, the chronology is not ideal. As explained below (Part B), it is likely that her son Roger [I] Comte de Carcassonne was born in the later part of the date range [930/40]. If this is correct, it is likely that Arsinde married in [925/35] which would place her own birth in the range [905/20]. Another difficulty is that there is no indication who held the county of Carcassonne between the death of Comte Acfred [II] in [933] and the time when Arsinde's son Roger was comte, the date of which is uncertain but is unlikely to precede the 950s at the earliest. In particular, no proof has yet been found that the county was inherited by Arsinde's husband, which would have been normal if his wife had been the heiress of Carcassonne. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[797], Arsinde was the daughter of Acfred Duke of Aquitaine. The primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. It is assumed that it is also speculative based on onomastics. A third possibility is proposed by Stasser, who suggests that she was the sister of Raymond [I] Comte de Rouergue, on the grounds that it is better supported from the onomastic point of view[798]. "Arnaldus et uxor mea Arsindis, et Rodgarius et Odo filiis nostris" donated property to the abbey of Montolieu, near Carcassonne for the souls of "…et Rodgario fratre meo" by charter dated 7 Apr 949[799]. "Arsindis comitissa cum filiis suis Odo et Raimundo" are named in a charter dated 957 [800], which suggests that her husband had died before that date. "Arsendes comitissa et filius meus Rodgarius comes" sold property to "Gilaberto vicario" by charter dated 29 Nov 957[801]. "Arsindis comitissa cum filiis suis Odo et Raimundo" signed a charter dated to [959] relating to their property "alode de Magrinnano et de Cugciaco…in comitatu Narbonense"[802]. Comte Arnaud & his wife had [five or more] children:

a) ROGER de Comminges ([930/40]-after Apr 1011). "Arnaldus et uxor mea Arsindis, et Rodgarius et Odo filiis nostris" donated property to the abbey of Montolieu, near Carcassonne for the souls of "…et Rodgario fratre meo" by charter dated 7 Apr 949[803]. His birth date range is estimated on the assumption that he and his brother were young adolescents or older children at the date of this charter. His date of death suggests that it is more likely that he was born in the later part of this range. He succeeded as Comte de Carcassonne, de Razès, de Couserans et de Comminges, Seigneur de Foix.

- COMTES de CARCASSONNE.

b) ODO de Comminges (-before Apr 1011). "Arnaldus et uxor mea Arsindis, et Rodgarius et Odo filiis nostris" donated property to the abbey of Montolieu, near Carcassonne for the souls of "…et Rodgario fratre meo" by charter dated 7 Apr 949[804]. "Arsindis comitissa cum filiis suis Odo et Raimundo" signed a charter dated to [959] relating to their property "alode de Magrinnano et de Cugciaco…in comitatu Narbonense"[805]. Comte de Razès. "Rogerius comes et conjux mea Adalaizis comitissa" donated property to Saint-Hilaire, including property which "frater meus Oddo comes habuit", for the soul of "fratris mei Oddoni comitis" and for "filio nostro Regimundo comite", by charter dated Apr 1011, signed by "…Bernardus et dominus Petrus…comites…"[806]. m ALTRUDIS, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Odo & his wife had one child:

i) ARNAUD (-[1020]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Razès.

c) RAYMOND de Comminges (-after 989). "Arsindis comitissa cum filiis suis Odo et Raimundo" signed a charter dated to [959] relating to their property "alode de Magrinnano et de Cugciaco…in comitatu Narbonense"[807]. [969]/[998]. Comte de Comminges. The dating clause of a charter dated 18 May [980], which records the donation by "Oriolus presbyter de Sancto Martorio" of property "ecclesiam et villam…Sancti Medardi" to "Sancto Beato monasterio…in comitatu Comenico in valle Bavartense super fluvium Garona", names "regnante comite Raymundo et filio suo Bernardo, episcopo Oriolo"[808]. "Regimundus comes filius Arnaldi comitis" restored "alodem Sancti Stephani de Nidolarias in comitatu Rossilionense" to the abbot of Saint-Hilaire "in pago Carcassensi" by charter dated [989/90][809]. m ---. The name of Raymond's wife is not known. Raymond & his wife had one child:

i) BERNARD (-before 998). The dating clause of a charter dated 18 May [980], which records the donation by "Oriolus presbyter de Sancto Martorio" of property "ecclesiam et villam…Sancti Medardi" to "Sancto Beato monasterio…in comitatu Comenico in valle Bavartense super fluvium Garona", names "regnante comite Raymundo et filio suo Bernardo, episcopo Oriolo"[810].

d) daughters . "Arnaldo et uxore sua…Arsendis et filiis suis vel filias" subscribed a charter dated 957[811].

2. ROGER [I] de Comminges (-before 7 Apr 949). "Arnaldus et uxor mea Arsindis, et Rodgarius et Odo filiis nostris" donated property to the abbey of Montolieu, near Carcassonne for the souls of "…et Rodgario fratre meo" by charter dated 7 Apr 949[812]. "Adalaiz…cum Arnaldus frater Rodgarii et alius Arnaldus filius Rodgarii et Ber…" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse for the souls of "Rodgarii et Aimilde comitissa et…alio Rodgario" by charter dated [19 Jun 936/10 Sep 954] signed by "Raimundi comitis, Adalaiz comitissa qui hoc fecit"[813]. m ---. The name of Roger's wife is not known. Roger & his wife had two children:

a) ARNAUD [II] de Comminges . "Adalaiz…cum Arnaldus frater Rodgarii et alius Arnaldus filius Rodgarii et Ber…" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse for the souls of "Rodgarii et Aimilde comitissa et…alio Rodgario" by charter dated [19 Jun 936/10 Sep 954] signed by "Raimundi comitis, Adalaiz comitissa qui hoc fecit"[814]. m ---. The name of Arnaud's wife is not known. Arnaud & his wife had three children:

i) ROGER [II] de Comminges . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1003/[1035]. Comte de Comminges.

- see below.

ii) ODO de Comminges (-before May 1035). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Comminges. m ---. The name of Odo's wife is not known. Odo & his wife had one child:

(a) BERNARD ODO de Comminges . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

iii) BERNARD de Comminges . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Bishop of Toulouse 1035.

b) PIERRE de Comminges . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 978/[1025]. Bishop of Comminges.

ROGER [II] de Comminges, son of ARNAUD de Comminges & his wife ---. 1003/[1035]. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Comminges.

m ALDANE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.

Roger & his wife had two children:

1. ARNAUD [III] (-after [1070]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Comminges. A charter dated to [1058] records a claim by "Arnaldus comes" against "Sancti Petri Fustiniaco", in the presence of "Bernardi episcopi sive Bernardo fratre suo similiter episcopo"[815]. "Arnaldus comes" donated property to the abbey of Peyrissas by charter dated to [1070][816]. A charter dated May [1080] records that "Arnaldus comes" donated property to the abbey of Peyrissas which was later usurped by "Bernardus-Arnaldi et Raimundus-Arnaldi et antecessores illorum usque in diebus Rogerii monachi"[817]. m ---. The name of Arnaud's wife is not known. Comte Arnaud [III] & his wife had four children:

a) ROGER [III] (-before 1105). Comte de Comminges. m ---. The name of Roger's wife is not known. Comte Roger [III] & his wife had one child:

i) BERNARD [I] (-killed in battle Saint-Gaudens [after 1145]). A charter dated 1197 records the 4^o consanguinity between "B. Convenarum comes" and "uxorem, filiam Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta" which provided the grounds for their divorce: "domina Bruna et Rogerius de Convenis fuerant fratres", adding the descent "Rogerio de Convenis" to "B. comes...Bernardo" to "Dodo comes" to "iste B. comes"[818]. Comte de Comminges. He was mortally wounded at the battle of Saint-Gaudens[819]. m DIAS de Samatan, daughter and heiress of GODEFROI Seigneur de Samatan et de Muret & his wife ---. Her marriage and parentage are confirmed by the marriage contract dated 26 Apr 1139 under which "Bernardus de Comenge et uxor mea Dias et filii nostri Bernardus de Comenge et Rogerius et Dodo de Samatano" granted property to "Bernardae filiae nostrae et viro tuo Rogerio de Biterri", which also names "Godafredus de Murello…pater meus Petrus Raymundi" as previous owners of "castrum de Murello" which he granted to "predictæ Dias filiæ meæ et viro suo Bernardo de Comenge"[820]. Comte Bernard [I] & his wife had eight children:

(a) BERNARD [II] (-before 1153, bur Bonnefont). His parentage is confirmed by the marriage contract dated 26 Apr 1139 under which "Bernardus de Comenge et uxor mea Dias et filii nostri Bernardus de Comenge et Rogerius et Dodo de Samatano" granted property to "Bernardae filiae nostrae et viro tuo Rogerio de Biterri"[821]. His place of burial is confirmed by the donation by "Dozo comes Convenarum" to the abbey of Bonnefont for the soul of "fratris mei Bernardi qui in prescripto monasterio jacet…" dated 1153[822]. Comte de Comminges.

(b) ROGER (-1155 or before). His parentage is confirmed by the marriage contract dated 26 Apr 1139 under which "Bernardus de Comenge et uxor mea Dias et filii nostri Bernardus de Comenge et Rogerius et Dodo de Samatano" granted property to "Bernardae filiae nostrae et viro tuo Rogerio de Biterri"[823].

(c) DODON de Comminges dit "de Samatan" (-after 1176). His parentage is confirmed by the marriage contract dated 26 Apr 1139 under which "Bernardus de Comenge et uxor mea Dias et filii nostri Bernardus de Comenge et Rogerius et Dodo de Samatano" granted property to "Bernardae filiae nostrae et viro tuo Rogerio de Biterri"[824]. Comte de Comminges, as "Bernard [III]" in 1153.

- see below.

(d) GUY de Comminges . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1180. m BERTRANDE d'Aure, daughter and heiress of ARNAUD [III] Vicomte d'Aure & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.

- VICOMTES d'AURE and SEIGNEURS de LARBOUST, later COMTES et DUCS de GRAMONT[825].

(e) GODEFROI dit "Bernard" . "Dozo de Samatamo comes Convenarum qui dicebatur Bernardus…filius Bernardi comitis" and "Godefredus qui vocatur similiter Bernardus et Fortanerius fratres eius" donated property to Berdoues by charter dated 1163[826].

(f) ARNAUD ROGER . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1153/77. Bishop of Comminges.

(g) BERNARDE de Comminges (-after 12 Aug 1150). Her marriage and parentage are confirmed by the marriage contract dated 28 Apr 1139 under which "Bernardus de Comenge et uxor mea Dias et filii nostri Bernardus de Comenge et Rogerius et Dodo de Samatano" granted property to "Bernardae filiae nostrae et viro tuo Rogerio de Biterri", which also names "Godafredus de Murello…pater meus Petrus Raymundi" as previous owners of "castrum de Murello" which he granted to "predictæ Dias filiæ meæ et viro suo Bernardo de Comenge"[827]. "Rogerius Biterrensis et uxor mea Bernarda vicecomitissa" issued a charter to the church of Carcassonne dated 28 Jun 1146[828]. The testament of "Rogerius de Biterri" is dated 12 Aug 1150 and names "Raimundo Trencavel fratri meo…Bernardæ vicecomitissæ uxori meæ"[829]. m (contract 28 Apr 1139) ROGER Vicomte de Béziers, son of BERNARD ATON [IV] Vicomte d'Albi, de Nîmes, de Carcassonne, de Béziers et d'Agde & his wife Cecilia de Provence (-12 Aug 1150).

(h) FORTANER de Comminges (-after 1163). "Dozo de Samatamo comes Convenarum qui dicebatur Bernardus…filius Bernardi comitis" and "Godefredus qui vocatur similiter Bernardus et Fortanerius fratres eius" donated property to Berdoues by charter dated 1163[830].

b) BERNARD ARNAUD de Comminges (-before 1105). A charter dated May [1080] records that "Arnaldus comes" donated property to the abbey of Peyrissas which was later usurped by "Bernardus-Arnaldi et Raimundus-Arnaldi et antecessores illorum usque in diebus Rogerii monachi"[831].

c) RAYMOND ARNAUD de Comminges . A charter dated May [1080] records that "Arnaldus comes" donated property to the abbey of Peyrissas which was later usurped by "Bernardus-Arnaldi et Raimundus-Arnaldi et antecessores illorum usque in diebus Rogerii monachi"[832]. [1105]. m ---. The name of Raymond Arnaud's wife is not known. Raymond Arnaud & his wife had one child:

i) ARNAUD de Comminges . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. [1105].

d) BRUNE de Comminges . A charter dated Nov 1197 records the 4^o consanguinity between "B. Convenarum comes" and "uxorem, filiam Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta" which provided the grounds for their divorce: "domina Bruna et Rogerius de Convenis fuerant fratres", adding the descent from "Bruna" to "Ademarus de Pontiis" to "alia Bruna" to "Navarra" to "Comtors filia Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta"[833]. m --- Seigneur de Pontis, son of ---. Brune & her husband had one child:

i) ADEMAR de Pontis . A charter dated Nov 1197 records the 4^o consanguinity between "B. Convenarum comes" and "uxorem, filiam Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta" which provided the grounds for their divorce: "domina Bruna et Rogerius de Convenis fuerant fratres", adding the descent from "Bruna" to "Ademarus de Pontiis" to "alia Bruna" to "Navarra" to "Comtors filia Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta"[834]. m ---. The name of Ademar´s wife is not known. Ademar & his wife had one child:

(a) BRUNE de Pontis . A charter dated Nov 1197 records the 4^o consanguinity between "B. Convenarum comes" and "uxorem, filiam Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta" which provided the grounds for their divorce: "domina Bruna et Rogerius de Convenis fuerant fratres", adding the descent from "Bruna" to "Ademarus de Pontiis" to "alia Bruna" to "Navarra" to "Comtors filia Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta"[835]. m ---. The name of Brune´s husband is not known. Brune & her husband had one child:

(1) NAVARRA . A charter dated Nov 1197 records the 4^o consanguinity between "B. Convenarum comes" and "uxorem, filiam Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta" which provided the grounds for their divorce: "domina Bruna et Rogerius de Convenis fuerant fratres", adding the descent from "Bruna" to "Ademarus de Pontiis" to "alia Bruna" to "Navarra" to "Comtors filia Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta"[836]. m ARNAUD GUILLAUME [I] Vicomte de la Barthe, son of ODON Vicomte de la Barthe & his wife --- (-[1200]).

2. BERNARD de Comminges (-before 1060). A charter dated to [1058] records a claim by "Arnaldus comes" against "Sancti Petri Fustiniaco", in the presence of "Bernardi episcopi sive Bernardo fratre suo similiter episcopo"[837]. Bishop of Comminges.

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise indicated below.

DODON de Comminges dit "de Samatan", son of BERNARD [I] Comte de Comminges & his wife Dias de Samatan (-after 1176). His parentage is confirmed by the marriage contract dated 26 Apr 1139 under which "Bernardus de Comenge et uxor mea Dias et filii nostri Bernardus de Comenge et Rogerius et Dodo de Samatano" granted property to "Bernardae filiae nostrae et viro tuo Rogerio de Biterri"[838]. He succeeded as Comte de Comminges, as "BERNARD [III]" in 1153. "Bernardus comes Convenarum…filius Bernardi comitis" donated property to Berdoues by charter dated 1160[839]. "Dozo de Samatamo comes Convenarum qui dicebatur Bernardus…filius Bernardi comitis" and "Godefredus qui vocatur similiter Bernardus et Fortanerius fratres eius" donated property to Berdoues by charter dated 1163[840].

m --- de Toulouse, illegitimate daughter of ALPHONSE JOURDAIN Comte de Toulouse Duc de Narbonne & his mistress ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by an undated charter which names "comes Convenarum Bernardus nepos Ramundi de Sancto Egidio"[841], presumably referring to her son Comte Bernard [IV]. If this is correct, it is chronologically consistent to interpret "nepos" in this document as grandson, although this is not the only possibility. This interpretation is, however, confirmed by a charter dated Jan 1191 which names "Bernardus comes de Cominge, filius sororis comitis Tolosæ"[842], and a charter dated 1202 which names "B. lo comte de Comenge lo cal fo filh de la filha N Anfos"[843]. According to Père Anselme[844], she was the daughter of Raymond V Comte de Toulouse (which is contradicted by the last cited charter), and was named LAURENTIA, although the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. It is assumed that she must have been illegitimate.

Comte Bernard [III] & his wife had four children:

1. BERNARD [IV] de Comminges (-22 Feb 1225). A charter dated 1197 records the 4^o consanguinity between "B. Convenarum comes" and "uxorem, filiam Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta" which provided the grounds for their divorce: "domina Bruna et Rogerius de Convenis fuerant fratres", adding the descent "Rogerio de Convenis" to "B. comes...Bernardo" to "Dodo comes" to "iste B. comes"[845]. He succeeded as Comte de Comminges.

- see below.

2. ROGER de Comminges (-before 3 Apr 1211). "Rogerus comes Convenarum" reached agreement with "Simone comite Leycestriensi, domino Montisfortis...Biterensi et Carcassonensi vicecomite, et domino Albiensi et Redensi" by charter dated 3 Apr 1211[846].

- VICOMTES de COUSERANS.

3. GUY de Comminges . Seigneur de Savès {Frontignan-Savès, Haute-Garonne – part of the canton of L'Isle-en-Dodon}. m AUDE de Peguilhan {Haute-Garonne}, daughter of ---.

- SEIGNEURS DE PEGUILHAN. “Bernardus Convenarum et Fortanerius Convenarum, filii quondam domini Bernardi Convenarum de Savezio” paid homage to Raymond VII Comte de Toulouse “pro nobis et Aymerico fratre nostro” by charter dated 5 Sep 1240, witnessed by “Dominus Bernardus comes Convenarum et dominus Bernardus comes Armaniaci…”[847].

4. FORTANER de Comminges . Seigneur d'Aspet, de iure uxoris. m --- dame d'Aspet, daughter of ARNAUD-RAIMOND [II] Seigneur d'Aspet & his wife ---.

BERNARD [IV] de Comminges, son of BERNARD [III] [Dodon] Comte de Comminges & his wife --- de Toulouse (-22 Feb 1225). A charter dated 1197 records the 4^o consanguinity between "B. Convenarum comes" and "uxorem, filiam Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta" which provided the grounds for their divorce: "domina Bruna et Rogerius de Convenis fuerant fratres", adding the descent "Rogerio de Convenis" to "B. comes...Bernardo" to "Dodo comes" to "iste B. comes"[848]. He is named "comes Convenarum Bernardus nepos Ramundi de Sancto Egidio"[849]. A charter dated Nov 1197 names "Bernardus comes Convenarum filius sororis comitis Tolosani[850], and a charter dated 1202 names "B. lo comte de Comenge lo cal fo filh de la filha N Anfos"[851]. He succeeded in May 1176 as Comte de Comminges, under the guardianship of Guillaume d'Aure, for a few months only, as in April 1177 a document names "Bernardo comite Convenarum" without naming a guardian[852]. "Bernardus comes de Cominge, filius sororis comitis Tolosæ" and "Jordano domino de Isla, et Jordanus de Isla cum eo" agreed peace by charter dated Jan 1191[853]. "Bernardus comes Convenarum et Bigore et vicecomes de Marchan" donated property to Gimont by charter dated Aug 1192, witnessed by "Arnaldus Willelmus de la Barta…"[854]. A "Chronique en Languedocien, tirée du cartulaire de Raymond le Jeune comte de Toulouse" records the death "VII die al issit de Fevrier en Disapte" in 1225 of "lo coms de Cumenge"[855]. The Chronicle of Toulouse Saint-Saturnin records the death in 1223 of "dominus Bernardus comes Convenarum"[856].

m firstly (1180, divorced after 1192) [as her second husband,] BEATRIX [III] Comtesse de Bigorre, [widow of PIERRE [II] Vicomte de Dax,] daughter of CENTULE [III] Comte de Bigorre and his wife Matelle de Baux. Her supposed first marriage is deduced from Roger of Hoveden who names her supposed husband "Petrus vicecomes Akensis et comes Bigorniæ" when recording the capitulation of the town of Dax in 1177[857]. The only explanation for Pierre being accorded the title Comte de Bigorre is if he had married the heiress of Bigorre. However, the possibility that Roger of Hoveden was mistaken in recording this title cannot be excluded.

m secondly ([1195], divorced [1197]) COMTORS de la Barthe, daughter of ARNAUD GUILLAUME Vicomte de la Barthe and his wife Navarra de Pontis (-after 1234). A charter dated Nov 1197 records the 4^o consanguinity between "B. Convenarum comes" and "uxorem, filiam Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta" which provided the grounds for their divorce: "domina Bruna et Rogerius de Convenis fuerant fratres", adding the descent from "Bruna" to "Ademarus de Pontiis" to "Navarra" to "Comtors filia Arnaldi Willelmi de Barta", and from "Rogerio de Convenis" to "B. comes...Bernardo" to "Dodo comes" to "iste B. comes"[858].

m thirdly (contract Dec 1197, divorced 1201) as her second husband, MARIE de Montpellier, widow of RAYMOND GEOFFROY "Barral" Vicomte de Marseille, daughter of GUILLAUME [VIII] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Eudokia Comnene (-Rome 21 Jan 1213). "Guillelmus…Montispessulani, filius quondam Mathildis ducisse" agreed the marriage of "filiam meam Mariam" and "Bernardo, comitis Convenarum" by charter dated Dec 1197, under which Marie also agreed to renounce her rights to Montpellier in favour of "Guillelmo Montispessulani patri meo, et tibi Guillelmo filio ejus et domine Agnetis, fratri meo"[859]. However, after a revolt of the citizens of Montpellier against young Guillaume [IX], Marie recovered her inheritance 15 Jun 1204[860]. Pope Innocent III addressed the bishops of Narbonne and Comminges by bull dated 29 Dec 1201 concerning the repudiation by "comes Convenarum" of his wife "Guillelmo domino Montispesulani…filiam"[861]. She married thirdly (Montpellier 15 Jun 1204) don Pedro II "el Católico" King of Aragon. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Maria Guilelmi Montepessulano filia" as wife of "rege Petro Arragonum"[862].

Comte Bernard [IV] and his first wife had one child:

1. PETRONILLE de Comminges (-1251). She succeeded her mother as Comtesse de Bigorre. m firstly (betrothed 1192, 1 Jun [1196 or after]) GASTON VI Comte de Béarn, son of GUILLEM de Montcada [II] & his wife Maria de Béarn (1165-1215). m secondly (divorced) don NUÑO Sanchez de Aragón, son of Infante don SANCHO de Aragón Comte de Roussillon et de Cerdanya, ex-Comte de Provence & his second wife doña Sancha Núñez de Lara ([1185]-1242). He succeeded his father in 1226 as Comte de Roussillon et de Cerdagne/Cerdaña. m thirdly (13 Nov 1216) GUY de Montfort-l’Amaury, son of SIMON de Montfort Comte de Toulouse, Duc de Narbonne and Marquis de Provence & his wife Alix de Montmorency (-killed in battle 4 Apr 1220, bur Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère). m fourthly AYMAR de Rancon, son of GEOFFROY [V] de Rancon Seigneur de Taillebourg & his wife --- (-1224). m fifthly (1228) BOSON de Mastas Seigneur de Cognac (-before 1251).

Comte Bernard [IV] & his [first] wife had [one] child:

2. MASCAROSE de Comminges . She cannot be ascribed to any of Comte Bernard's marriages[863], although there appears insufficient time for her to have been the daughter of his second marriage, and she is not named in the 1213 testament of his third wife.

Comte Bernard [IV] and his second wife had [three] children:

3. BERNARD [V] de Comminges (1196-Lanta 30 Nov 1241, bur Bonnefont). "Bernardus comes Convenarum" names "filio meo Bernardo, quem habui ex Contores filia Arnaldi Guillelmi de Barta" in the charter dated Dec 1197 relating to his third marriage[864]. He succeeded his father as Comte de Comminges.

- see below.

4. ARNAUD ROGER de Comminges . Bishop of Comminges.

5. [DELPHINE de Comminges . Abbess of L'Esclache[865].]

Comte Bernard [IV] and his third wife had two children:

6. MATHILDE de Comminges . The testament of "Maria regina Aragonum et domina Montispessulani" is dated 20 Apr 1213, naming "Jacobum filium Regis Aragonum et meum…duæ filiæ meæ Mathildis…et Perona"[866]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records that "comte Bernard de Comminges" had two daughters by his wife "la fille de Guillaume de Montpellier…Marie" of whom one married "Sanche de Barral" and the other "Centulle comte d´Astarac"[867]. m ([1212]) SANCHE [III] Vicomte de la Barthe, son of ARNAUD GUILLAUME [I] Vicomte de la Barthe & his wife Navara de Pontis (-after 1235).

7. PETRONILLE de Comminges . The testament of "Maria regina Aragonum et domina Montispessulani" is dated 20 Apr 1213, naming "Jacobum filium Regis Aragonum et meum…duæ filiæ meæ Mathildis…et Perona"[868]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records that "comte Bernard de Comminges" had two daughters by his wife "la fille de Guillaume de Montpellier…Marie" of whom one married "Sanche de Barral" and the other "Centulle comte d´Astarac"[869]. m as his first wife, CENTULE [I] Comte d'Astarac, son of --- (-1243 or before).

BERNARD [V] de Comminges, son of BERNARD [IV] Comte de Comminges & his second wife Comtors de La Barthe (1196-Lanta 30 Nov 1241, bur Bonnefont). "Bernardus comes Convenarum" names "filio meo Bernardo, quem habui ex Contores filia Arnaldi Guillelmi de Barta" in the charter dated Dec 1197 relating to his third marriage[870]. He succeeded his father in 1225 as Comte de Comminges. He submitted to Louis VIII King of France at Avignon in Aug 1225 during the king's campaign in southern France against the Albigensians. “Bernardus comes Convennarum” paid homage to Louis IX King of France by charter dated Oct 1227[871]. “Dominus Bernardus comes Convenarum et dominus Bernardus comes Armaniaci…” witnessed the charter dated 5 Sep 1240 under which “Bernardus Convenarum et Fortanerius Convenarum, filii quondam domini Bernardi Convenarum de Savezio” paid homage to Raymond VII Comte de Toulouse “pro nobis et Aymerico fratre nostro”[872]. A mansucript chronicle records the death "in festo sancti Andreæ apostoli" in 1241 of "Bernardus comes Convenarum" and his burial "in monasterio Bonifontis"[873]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records the death "à Lanta" of "Bernard comte de Comminges", in 1241 from the context, "à table, en prenant son repas, le jour de la fête de l´apôtre Saint-André"[874].

m (contract 6 May 1224) CECILE de Foix, daughter of RAYMOND ROGER Comte de Foix & his wife Philippa [de Montcada]. The testament of Raymond Roger Comte de Foix is dated May 1222 and names his children Roger Bernard, Aimery and Cécile[875]. The contract of marriage between "Bernardum Convenarum, filius D. Bernardi Convenarum comitis" and "Sezeliæ...sorori D. Rogeri Bernardi comitis Fuxi" is dated 6 May 1224, witnessed by "...Petrus de Insula..."[876].

Comte Bernard [V] & his wife had one child:

1. BERNARD [VI] de Comminges ([1225]-1295). He succeeded his father in 1251 as Comte de Comminges. He swore homage to Raimond VII Comte de Toulouse 18 Nov 1244[877]. He resigned his county in 1295 in favour of his son and died soon after. m (before 26 Aug 1245) THERESE, daughter of ---. A charter dated 26 Aug 1245 records that Amat, first cowherd of Countess Tarazia, wife of Bernard Comte de Comminges, requested permission from the abbot of Lézat to graze his herd in the abbey's pastures[878]. According to Higounet, this is the only evidence for her existence[879]. Comte Bernard [VI] & his wife had [five] children:

a) BERNARD [VII] de Comminges (-21 Jul 1312, bur Bonfont). He succeeded his father in 1295 as Comte de Comminges.

- see below.

b) ARNAUD ROGER de Comminges (-3 Oct 1298). A list of Bishops of Toulouse compiled by Bernard Guidonis records that "Arnaldus Rotgerii de Convenis, filius domini Bernardi comitis Convenarum" was named bishop in 1297 "circa festum Omnium Sanctorum" and died 3 Oct 1298 "in itinere dum de Romana" after returning from his consecration[880]. Bishop of Toulouse 1297.

c) MASCAROSE . Her marriage is confirmed by the testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, which names "quondam bonæ memoriæ domini Henrici comitis Ruthenæ avi nostri…dominæ Mascariosæ eius uxoris, aut nostræ…dominæ Ceciliæ comitissæ Ruthenæ matris nostræ"[881]. m (12 Oct 1270) as his second wife, HENRI [II] Comte de Rodez, son of HUGUES [IV] Comte de Rodez {Aveyron} and his wife Isabelle de Roquefeuil, Vicomtesse de Creissels {Aveyron} (-4 Sep 1304).

d) SEGUINE . Nun at Saint-Laurent[882].

e) [PIERRE RAYMOND .]

BERNARD [VII] de Comminges, son of BERNARD [VI] Comte de Comminges & his wife Thérèse --- (-21 Jul 1312, bur Bonfont). He succeeded his father in 1295 as Comte de Comminges. The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the death "XII Kal Aug" in 1312 of "Bernardus comes Convenarum" and his burial "in abbatis Bono Fonte, Cisterciensis ordinis in sepulcro parentum"[883].

m LAURE de Montfort, daughter of PHILIPPE de Montfort-l'Amaury Seigneur de Castres et de la Ferté-Alais & his wife Jeanne de Levis (-before 1 Dec 1300). A charter dated 15 May 1295 included in the cartulary of Notre-Dame de la Roche records the partition of property of Montfort and Castro, agreed by "Joannes de Monteforti comes Squllacii et Montis-Caviosi ac regni Siciliæ camerarius, Bernardus de Convenis miles…" which specifies that the latter was "primogenitus D comitis Convenarum" and that he was acting for "Lauræ de Monteforti consortis nostræ"[884].

Comte Bernard [VII] & his wife had six children:

1. BERNARD [VIII] de Comminges (after 28 Aug 1336). He succeeded as Vicomte de Turenne, de iure uxoris. "Dominum Bernardum de Convenis vicecomitem de Turenna" swore homage to Tulle monastery for "vicecomitatus de Brassaco" by charter dated Oct 1307[885]. He succeeded his father in 1312 as Comte de Comminges. Philippe VI King of France issued letters of remission to “Bernard comte de Comenges, vicomte de Tureine, Pierre Raymond et Gui de Comenges, frères dudit comte” dated Nov 1333 relating to their previous acts[886]. m firstly MARQUA [Pucelle] d'Armagnac, daughter of GERAUD [VI] Comte d'Armagnac et de Fezensac & his wife Mathe de Béarn. The testament of “Bernardus...comes Armaniaci et Fesenciaci” is dated 18 May 1302, names “Gastonem, Rogerium, Marquam et Mascarosinam fratres et sorores nostros...Geraldo de Labbatus nepoti nostro et primogenito dictæ Mascarosæ sororis nostræ...Geraldi quondam patris nostri comitis...dominæ Siachæ comitissa Armeniaci et Fesenciaci matri nostræ”[887]. m secondly MARGUERITE Vicomtesse de Turenne, daughter of RAYMOND [VII] Vicomte de Turenne & his first wife Léticie de Rochechouart (-after 1311). She appointed her husband as her heir in Turenne, the viscounty of Turenne passing to his daughter by his second marriage. m thirdly MATHE de l'Isle-Jourdain, daughter of BERNARD JOURDAIN [IV] Seigneur de l'Isle-Jourdain & his first wife Marguerite de Foix. Comte Bernard [VIII] & his third wife had three children:

a) ELEONORE de Comminges (-1397). m (17 Nov 1349) GUILLAUME [III] Rogier Comte de Beaufort .

b) JEANNE de Comminges (-29 Apr 1398). m (1350) her first cousin, PIERRE-RAYMOND [II] de Comminges, son of PIERRE-RAYMOND de Comminges & his wife Jeanne de Fezensac.

c) CECILE de Comminges (-1384). She sold the viscounty of Turenne to Guillaume [III] Rogier Comte de Beaufort in 1350 for 145,000 gold florins[888]. m (1336) Infante don JAIME de Aragón Conde de Urgel, son of don ALFONSO IV "el Benigne" King of Aragon & his first wife doña Teresa Entenza Condesa de Urgel (1321-Barcelona 15 Nov 1347).

2. PIERRE-RAYMOND [I] de Comminges (-16 Apr 1341). Philippe VI King of France issued letters of remission to “Bernard comte de Comenges, vicomte de Tureine, Pierre Raymond et Gui de Comenges, frères dudit comte” dated Nov 1333 relating to their previous acts[889]. m FRANÇOISE de Fezensac, daughter of ---. Pierre-Raymond [I] & his wife had two children:

a) PIERRE RAYMOND [II] de Comminges (-1375). A manuscript chronicle records the death in 1375 of "D. Petrus Raymundi comes Convenarum" after making his testament[890]. m (1350) his first cousin, JEANNE de Comminges, daughter of BERNARD [VIII] Comte de Comminges & his third wife Mathe de l'Isle-Jourdain.

b) JEANNE de Comminges . m GERAUD [II] d'Armagnac Vicomte de Fezensaguet .

c) ELEONORE de Comminges (-after 1378). m firstly BERTRAND [II] Comte de l´Isle-Jourdain, son of JEAN-JOURDAIN [I] Comte de l´Isle-Jourdain & his wife Jeanne d´Albret (-after 29 Jun 1369). m secondly (contract Compiègne 11 Aug 1373) JEAN [II] d´Auvergne, son of JEAN [I] Duke of Auvergne, Comte de Boulogne & his wife Jeanne de Clermont (-28 Sep 1404). He succeeded his father in 1386 as Duke of Auvergne, Comte de Boulogne.

3. GUY de Comminges (-1365). Philippe VI King of France issued letters of remission to “Bernard comte de Comenges, vicomte de Tureine, Pierre Raymond et Gui de Comenges, frères dudit comte” dated Nov 1333 relating to their previous acts[891].

4. JEAN de Comminges (-after 1317). A list of Bishops of Toulouse compiled by Bernard Guidonis records that "Johannes de Convenis filius quondam comitis Convenarum...episcopus Magalonensis" was named bishop of Toulouse in 1317[892].

5. CECILE de Comminges (-after 23 Jun 1354). The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Johannes Marchio Montis-ferrati" married firstly "sororem Domini Cardinalis de Conunzi…adhuc puellam"[893]. m firstly AMANIEU Comte d'Astarac, son of BERNARD [IV] Comte d´Astarac & his first wife Mathe de Foix (-1331). m secondly ([1331/37]) as his first wife, GIOVANNI II Marchese di Monferrato, son of TEODORO I Paleologo Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Argentina Spinola (-20 Mar 1372).

6. ELEONORE de Comminges (-after 16 May 1365). Her name and origin are confirmed by the charter dated 8 Feb 1347 which records that Philippe VI King of France abandoned rights over the lands to be ceded to "Agnes, fille…de Phelippe jadis roy et de…Jehnne de France royne de Navarre" when she married "Gaston comte de Foix…[filz de] Alliénor de Cominges contesse de Foix"[894]. The nobles of the county of Foix paid homage to “Alienors de Convenis comitissa ac vicecomitissa”, widow of “Gasto comes Fuxi ac vicecomes Bearnii ac Marciani”, by act dated 28 Dec 1345 which includes a lengthy list of named nobles[895]. m (1327) GASTON [II] "le Preux" Comte de Foix, son of GASTON [I] Comte de Foix & his wife Jeanne d'Artois (1308-Algeciras or Seville 26 Sep 1343).

Chapter 5. COMTES de FOIX

The comtes de Foix were vassals of the comtes de Carcassonne, who were in turn vassals of the comtes de Toulouse.

A. COMTES de FOIX (COMTES de CARCASSONNE)

BERNARD ROGER de Carcassonne, son of ROGER [I] de Comminges Comte de Carcassonne & his wife Adelais de Pons (before Aug 981-[22 Aug 1036/38]). "Roggarius comes…cum coniuge comitissa Adalaice seu Regimundo sobole atque Bernardo sobole" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by charter dated Aug 981[896]. "Rotgerius comes et marchio cum coniuge comitissa Adalaisse atque cum prole Regimundo Barnardoque" donated property with the abbey of Saint-Hilaire by charter dated 1 Nov 984[897]. "Rodgarius comes et uxor mea Aladaiz" donated property to the abbey of Lézat by charter dated Aug [1001], signed by "Ramundo, Bernardo, Petrone"[898]. “Rogerius comes”, under his testament dated to [1002], divided his properties, “ad Bernardo filio meo…comitatu de Cosoragno…castello de Fuxo”[899]. "Rogerius comes et conjux mea Adalaizis comitissa" donated property to Saint-Hilaire, including property which "frater meus Oddo comes habuit", for the soul of "fratris mei Oddoni comitis" and for "filio nostro Regimundo comite", by charter dated Apr 1011, signed by "…Bernardus et dominus Petrus…comites…"[900]. He succeeded in 1012 as Comte de Couserans and (part) Carcassonne, Seigneur du pays de Foix. Comte de Bigorre, by right of his wife.

m ([1010]) GERSENDE Ctss de Bigorre, daughter of GARCIA ARNAUD Comte de Bigorre & his wife Ricarda --- ([986]-[1032/34]). Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1034 under which “Rotgarius filius Garsente” paid homage to “Petrone episcopo filio Adalais”[901]. The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "dona Beatriz de Bezes" as the wife of "Mossen Bernard"[902], but this source is too late to give much credibility to its account of the early comtes de Foix. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

Comte Bernard Roger & his wife had six children:

1. BERNARD de Foix (-before 24 Jun 1077). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Bigorre.

- COMTES de BIGORRE.

2. ROGER [I] de Foix (-[1064]). “Petrus episcopus” divided property “cum Rodgario nepote suo” by charter dated 1034 which names “Bernardus pater eius”[903]. “Rotgarius filius Garsente” paid homage to “Petrone episcopo filio Adalais” by charter dated 1034[904]. Comte de Foix. "Rotgerius comes de Foys [et] uxor eius" donated property to Cluny by charter dated 1049[905]. "Rogerius comes filius Rangard" [Comte de Carcassonne] and "Rogerium comitem filium Garsendæ comitissæ" [Comte de Foix] confirmed their agreement relating to "civitate…Carcassona" by charter dated to [1063][906]. m --- (-after [1060]). There is an anonymous reference to her in the joint donation to Cluny by "Rotgerius comes de Foys [et] uxor eius" dated 1049[907]. The edition quoted confirms that the name "Amica" (which appears in this charter as it is reproduced in the 3rd edition of the Histoire Générale de Languedoc[908]) was added by the first editor of the charter as the name of Count Roger's wife but that it does not appear in the original[909]. The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Madona Arsenda" as the wife of "Mossen Roger"[910], but this source is too late to give much credibility to its account of the early comtes de Foix.

3. PIERRE BERNARD de Foix (-1071). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified, other than the reference to him as "Petrus Bernardi comes". Comte de Couserans, Comte de Foix. "Petrus Bernardi comes" sold his rights "in villa Calsan" to the monastery of Camon, with the consent of "Rodgerii comitis filii sui", by charter dated to [1070][911]. m LETGARDE, daughter of --- (-after [1074]). "Rogerius comes Fuxensis et genetrix mea…Ledgardis" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated to [1074][912]. Comte Pierre Bernard & his wife had two children:

a) ROGER [II] de Foix (-1124). His father's name is confirmed by the charter dated to [1064/71] under which "Petrus Bernardi comes de Alberga et de Forcia" donated property to the abbey of Lagrasse on the advice of "Rodgerii comitis filii sui"[913]. "Petrus Bernardi comes" sold his rights "in villa Calsan" to the monastery of Camon, with the consent of "Rodgerii comitis filii sui", by charter dated to [1070][914]. He succeeded in 1074 as Comte de Foix. "…Rodgarii comitis de Fuxo…" subscribed the charter dated 7 Sep 1071 which records an agreement between "Wuiellmum Tolosanum comitem" and "Raimundum comitem Barchinonensem et Carchanonensem et Raimundem filium eius" settling their dispute about "castello de Laurago" [Lauragais][915]. "Rogerius comes Fuxensis et coniux mea Sicardis comitissa" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated to [1074], subscribed by "domni G. comitis Tolosani et domni Raymundi fratris eius comitis Ruthenæ"[916]. "Rogerius comes Fuxensis et genetrix mea…Ledgardis" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated to [1074][917]. "Rogerius comes Fuxensis" and "Ermengarda vicecomitissa et…Bernardo Atonis filio eius" settled their disputes about the county of Carcassonne by charter dated 21 Apr 1095[918]. “Rogerius comes Fuxensis…et filius meus Rogerius” restored property to the abbey of Alet by charter dated 1108[919]. “Rogerius comes Fuxi et filii mei Rogerius et Bernardus et Petrus” donated property to the abbey of Lezat by charter dated 1120[920]. m firstly ([1073]) SICARDA, daughter of --- (-1076 or after). "Rogerius comes Fuxensis et coniux mea Sicardis comitissa" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated to [1074][921]. "Rogerius comes [et] Sicardis uxor mea" made donations to Cluny dated 25 Jan 1075 and 1076[922]. m secondly ESTEFANÍA de Besalú, daughter of GUILLEM [II] "Trunus"[923] Conde de Besalú his wife Estefania de Provence. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Dec 1129 of her son “Rogerius Fuxi comes, filius Rogerii et Stephaniæ”[924]. 1095. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. Comte Roger [II] & his second wife had four children:

i) ROGER [III] de Foix (-[1147/48]). “Rogerius comes Fuxensis…et filius meus Rogerius” restored property to the abbey of Alet by charter dated 1108[925]. He succeeded his father in 1124 as Comte de Foix.

- see below.

ii) BERNARD de Foix (-[1120/27]). “Rogerius comes Fuxi et filii mei Rogerius et Bernardus et Petrus” donated property to the abbey of Lezat by charter dated 1120[926].

iii) PIERRE BERNARD de Foix . “Rogerius comes Fuxi et filii mei Rogerius et Bernardus et Petrus” donated property to the abbey of Lezat by charter dated 1120[927]. “Rogerius comes Fuxensis et fratres mei Petrus-Bernardi et Raimundus Rogerii” renounced their claim to the county of Carcassonne in favour of “Bernardo-Athonis vicecomite et cum uxore eius Cæcilia vicecomitissa, filiisque eorum Rogerio et Raimundo Trencavelli atque Bernardo” by charter dated 1 Apr 1125[928]. 1127.

iv) RAYMOND ROGER de Foix . “Rogerius comes Fuxensis et fratres mei Petrus-Bernardi et Raimundus Rogerii” renounced their claim to the county of Carcassonne in favour of “Bernardo-Athonis vicecomite et cum uxore eius Cæcilia vicecomitissa, filiisque eorum Rogerio et Raimundo Trencavelli atque Bernardo” by charter dated 1 Apr 1125[929]. 1127. m ---. The name of Raymond Roger´s wife is not known. Raymond Roger & his wife had one child:

(a) RAYMOND de Foix . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

b) PIERRE de Foix (-after 17 Aug 1084). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. "Petrus comes" donated "alodem meum…in comitatu Tolosano…monte…de Fonte-rubati [Monte-Domini]" to the abbey of Cluse, with the consent of "uxoris meæ et filiorum meorum Rogerii et Raymundi", by charter dated 17 Aug 1084[930]. m --- (-after 17 Aug 1084). The name of Pierre´s wife is not known. Pierre & his wife had two children:

i) ROGER de Foix . "Petrus comes" donated property to the abbey of Cluse, with the consent of "uxoris meæ et filiorum meorum Rogerii et Raymundi", by charter dated 17 Aug 1084[931].

ii) RAYMOND de Foix . "Petrus comes" donated property to the abbey of Cluse, with the consent of "uxoris meæ et filiorum meorum Rogerii et Raymundi", by charter dated 17 Aug 1084[932].

4. HERACLIUS de Foix . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1037/65. Bishop of Bigorre 1056.

5. GERBERGE de Foix ([1015]-1 Dec 1049, bur Monastery of San Juan de la Peña). The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña records that Ramiro married "la filla del Comte de Bigorra nombrada Hermissenda et por baptismo Gelberda"[933]. The marriage contract between "Ranimirus…prolis Sanctioni regis" and "Gilberga filiam comitis Bernardi-Rodegari et comitissæ matris eius…Garsinde" is dated 22 Aug 1036 and lists her dowry as "castellum…Atheres", judged spurious by the Histoire Générale de Languedoc[934]. She adopted the name ERMESENDA as Queen of Aragon[935]. This is confirmed by the charter dated Oct 1076 under which her daughter "Sancia comitissa Ranimiri regis filia et Armissende regina" donated property to the monastery of Santa Cruz de la Serós[936]. m (contract Jaca 22 Aug 1036) as his first wife, RAMIRO I King of Aragon, illegitimate son of SANCHO III King of Navarre & his mistress Sancha de Aibar (Aibar [1008]-killed in battle Graus 8 May 1063, bur Monastery of San Juan de la Peña).

6. [STEPHANIE (-after 1066). "Garsea…rex, Sancionis regis filius…cum coniuge mea domina Stefania regina" granted two monasteries to abbot Gómez of Yábar by charter dated 1040[937]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. According to Marca, "les mémoires du convent de Nagara" state that she was "fille du comte de Foix", but he does not provide a direct quote or source reference[938]. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc refers to a marriage contract (again, no quote or source reference) dated 1036, but this is not reproduced by Marca[939]. This is all too vague to show Stephanie´s origin other than in square brackets in this document, until more precise information comes to light. Salazar y Acha suggests that Stephanie was a widow when she married King García, and the mother of a daughter Constanza who married her [second] husband´s illegitimate son Sancho (see below)[940]. Firstly, he says that this would explain Stephanie´s presence in Barcelona when she married, which is confirmed by the charter dated 1038 from San Juan de la Peña which names her for the first time with King García and records that he fetched her in Barcelona[941]. Secondly, it would explain the charter dated 29 Nov 1074 under which her son Sancho IV King of Navarre granted “unas casas en la ciudad de Calahorra” to “germano meo domno Sancio et uxori vestra vel germana mea domna Constanza”[942], the reference to his sister-in-law as “germana mea” being unusual if she was not also his own sister. Thirdly, it accords with the narrative in the Crónica Najerense which recounts that “infans domnus Sancius, quem rex Garsias Pampilonensium ex concubina habuerat” abducted “filiam regine Stephanie”, who was betrothed to “Santius rex”, and took her to the court of the Moorish king of Zaragoza and later to Ramiro I King of Aragon, triggering the war between Castille and Aragon in the course of which the Aragonese king was killed in 1064[943]. Salazar y Acha speculates that Stephanie´s first husband was an otherwise unidentified son of Bernardo [I] Conde de Besalú (whose possible sister was named Constanza) but this is only one of the possibilities. However, Salazar y Acha´s hypothesis, although appealing, appears unlikely to be correct because Queen Estefania does not include Constanza in her testament dated to [1066] which names all her other known children[944]. "Garsea…rex…cum mulier mea Stephania regina" confirmed the resettlement of Villanova de Pampaneto by charter dated 1 Jan 1044[945]. "Stephanie coniugis" is named in the charter of "Garsia rex, Sancii regis filius" dated 2 Dec 1052[946]. [m firstly ([1030/35]) --- (-1038 or before).] m [secondly] (1038) don GARCIA V "él de Nájera" King of Navarre, son of SANCHO III "el Mayor" King of Navarre & his wife Munia Mayor de Castilla ([after 1020]-killed in battle Atapuerca 1 Sep 1054, bur Santa María de Nájera).] Stephanie & [her first husband had one possible child]:

a) [CONSTANZA ([1033/37]-after 29 Nov 1074). "Sancius rex" granted property to "senior Sancio Furtuniones" by charter dated 7 Dec 1057, confirmed by "…Infante domno Santio et uxor eius domna Contanza…"[947]. Salazar y Acha discusses her possible parentage, her possible betrothal and her marriage[948]. The Crónica Najerense records that “infans domnus Sancius, quem rex Garsias Pampilonensium ex concubina habuerat” abducted “filiam regine Stephanie”, who was betrothed to “Santius rex”, and took her to the court of the Moorish king of Zaragoza and later to Ramiro I King of Aragon, triggering the war between Castille and Aragon during the course of which the Aragonese king was killed in 1064[949]. Salazar y Acha hypothesises that this alleged daughter of Stephanie de Foix, wife of García V King of Navarre, was Constanza, born from an otherwise unrecorded earlier marriage with a noble at the court of Barcelona[950]. He cites the charter dated 29 Nov 1074 under which Sancho IV King of Navarre granted “unas casas en la ciudad de Calahorra” to “germano meo domno Sancio et uxori vestra vel germana mea domna Constanza”[951], suggesting that it would be unusual for King Sancho to refer to his brother´s wife as “germana” unless there was also a blood relationship between them. However, Salazar y Acha´s hypothesis, although appealing, appears unlikely to be correct because Queen Estefania does not include Constanza in her testament dated to [1066] which names all her other known children[952]. [Betrothed to don SANCHO de Castilla y León, son of don FERNANDO I "el Magno" King of Castile and León & his wife doña Sancha de León ([1036]-murdered Zamora 7 Oct 1072, bur Monastery of Oña). He succeeded in 1065 as SANCHO II King of Castile.] m (before 7 Dec 1057) SANCHO García de Navarra Señor de Uncastillo y Sangüesa, illegitimate son of GARCÍA V King of Navarre & his mistress --- ([1030/35]-after 29 Nov 1074).]

ROGER [III] de Foix, son of ROGER [II] Comte de Foix & his second wife Estefanía de Besalú (-[1147/48]). “Rogerius comes Fuxensis…et filius meus Rogerius” restored property to the abbey of Alet by charter dated 1108[953]. “Rogerius comes Fuxi et filii mei Rogerius et Bernardus et Petrus” donated property to the abbey of Lezat by charter dated 1120[954]. He succeeded his father in 1124 as Comte de Foix. “Rogerius comes Fuxensis et fratres mei Petrus-Bernardi et Raimundus Rogerii” renounced their claim to the county of Carcassonne in favour of “Bernardo-Athonis vicecomite et cum uxore eius Cæcilia vicecomitissa, filiisque eorum Rogerio et Raimundo Trencavelli atque Bernardo” by charter dated 1 Apr 1125[955]. “Rogerius Fuxi comes, filius Rogerii et Stephaniæ” issued a charter dated Dec 1129[956]. "Rogerius comes Fuxensis…[et] Essena conjux ipsius" founded the commanderie of Ville-Dieu by charter dated 27 Oct 1136[957].

[m firstly ---. No direct evidence has been found which proves this supposed first marriage of Comte Roger [III]. However, the date of the marriage of his daughter Bradimene appears inconsistent with her having been the daughter of his wife Jimena de Barcelona.]

m [secondly] (before [8 Jul] 1130) JIMENA de Barcelona, daughter of RAMON BERENGUER [III] Conde de Barcelona & his [third wife Dulce Ctss de Provence] ([1117/18]-after 1136). The testament of "Raimundus Berengarii…Barchinonensis comes et marchio" dated [8 Jul] 1130 names "Raimundo Berengarii filio meo…et filie mee ipsa de Castella et illa de Fuxo"[958]. Her name is more recognisably reproduced in the charter dated Nov 1149 of her son "Roggerus-Bernardi comes Fuxensis, filius Roggerii et Xaminiæ"[959]. In most secondary sources, Jimena is shown as the daughter of her father´s first marriage and widow of Bernat [III] Conde de Besalú. However, no primary source has yet been identified which confirms that this is correct and several reasons point to it being unlikely. Firstly, if Jimena had been the widow of the last comte de Besalú, her second husband would presumably have had the right to claim the county in her name, and there appears to be no indication that he ever did this. Secondly, the testament of her father names "filie mee…illa de Fuxo" after his daughter "ipsa de Castella". This would normally indicate that the former was younger than the latter. The only possible reason for reversing the order of his daughters would have been the supposed precedence of the queen of Castile over the comtesse de Foix. However, no other example of this adjustment to the order of names in primary source documents has been found, except those justified by the supposed precedence of children holding ecclesiastical office over lay children. Thirdly, Jimena would have named her daughter after her own mother. Fourthly, the dates of marriage of Jimena´s two known children, in the 1150s, suggest that they were born in the 1130s, which is not inconsistent with Jimena having been born from her father´s third marriage. This appears to be corroborated by the charter dated 26 Oct 1136 by which “Rogerius comes Fuxensis [et] Essena coniux ipsius” founded the commanderie of Ville-Dieu which refers to "infantes nostros"[960]. The date of the marriage of Comte Roger´s daughter Bradimène is inconsistent with this hypothesis, unless she was born from an otherwise unrecorded earlier marriage, or was illegitimate, as is proposed below. The only factor which appears to indicate the co-identity of the two daughters is that Jimena could have been named after her maternal grandmother, mother of her father´s first wife. However, the name was not uncommon in Spain at the time, and it is quite possible that Jimena was named after another relative. Until further primary source data emerges which contradicts this hypothesis, it has been decided to show Jimena has her father´s daughter by his third marriage in this document.

Comte Roger [III] & his [first] wife had one child:

1. BRADIMENE de Foix . “Rogerius comes Fuxensis” donated property to “filia meæ Braidimendæ et marito suo Guillelmo de Alona” by charter dated Mar 1131[961]. As noted above, the date of this marriage appears inconsistent with Bradimène having been the daughter of Roger [III]´s wife Jimena de Barcelona, especially noting the date of the marriage of his younger daughter. Another possibility is that Bradimène was Comte Roger´s illegitimate daughter. m (Mar 1131) GUILLAUME d'Aniort Seigneur de Niort {Niort-de-Sault, Aude} Vicomte de Sault.

Comte Roger [III] & his [second] wife had two children:

2. ROGER BERNARD [I] "le Gros" de Foix (-Nov 1188). "Roggerus-Bernardi comes Fuxensis, filius Roggerii et Xaminiæ" shared property with the abbey of Saint Antonin de Pamiers by charter dated 1149 which names "avum meum Roggerium" by charter dated Nov 1149[962]. He succeeded his father in [1147/48] as Comte de Foix. “Pe de Sant Feliz et Ber de Sant Feliz, mos fraire, et filii mei Guillelmus Petri e P. Guillelm e Bertrans e Galards” swore allegiance to “Ro comte de Fois fil de Eissamena et…a Ro fil de Cecilia” by charter dated Aug 1176[963]. Governor of Provence 1185. m ([1151]) CECILE de Béziers, daughter of RAYMOND "Trencavel" Vicomte de Béziers et d'Albi & his wife Adelaide --- (-after 4 Dec 1167). Her marriage is indicated by the charter dated 1160 under which “Arnaldus de Cher filius de Berengaria” swore allegiance to “Rogerio-Bernardo comite de Foys, fil de Eissamena, et filio tuo Rogerio fil de Cecelia"[964]. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 4 Dec 1167 under which “Raymundus comes Tolosæ" donated property to "Rogerio Bernardi Fuxensi comiti, viro Cæciliæ filiæ quondam Trencavelli, et eidem Cæciliæ" previously held by "Rogerius frater supra nominati Trencavelli in fine vitæ suæ"[965]. Comte Roger Bernard [I] & his wife had [five] children:

a) ROGER de Foix (before 1160-1182). “Arnaldus de Cher filius de Berengaria” swore allegiance to “Rogerio-Bernardo comite de Foys, fil de Eissamena, et filio tuo Rogerio fil de Cecelia" by charter dated 1160[966]. “Pe de Sant Feliz et Ber de Sant Feliz, mos fraire, et filii mei Guillelmus Petri e P. Guillelm e Bertrans e Galards” swore allegiance to “Ro comte de Fois fil de Eissamena et…a Ro fil de Cecilia” by charter dated Aug 1176[967].

b) RAYMOND ROGER de Foix (-Château de Mirepoix 27 Mar 1223). "Rogerius Bernardi...comes Fuxi" names "bonæ memorie dominus Raymundus Rogerii pater noster...etiam comes Fuxi" in a charter dated 15 Mar 1199, witnessed by "...Esclarmunda soror comitis Fuxensis..."[968]. He succeeded his father in 1188 as Comte de Foix.

- see below.

c) daughter . The marriage contract between “Rogerius-Bernardi comes Fuxensis Essemenæ filius...filiam suam” and “Arnaldus-Bernardi de Marcafaba filius Gallardæ...Arnaldus-Bernardi...filium suum" is dated Dec 1162[969]. m (contract Dec 1162) ARNAUD GUILLAUME de Marquefave, son of ARNAUD BERNARD de Marquefave {Haute-Garonne} & his wife ---.

d) ESCLARMONDE de Foix (-after 1215). "Rogerius Bernardi...comes Fuxi" names "bonæ memorie dominus Raymundus Rogerii pater noster...etiam comes Fuxi" in a charter dated 15 Mar 1199, witnessed by "...Esclarmunda soror comitis Fuxensis..."[970]. "Jordanus de Insula" swore his testament on his deathbed Sep 1200 in which he named "uxori meae Esclarmondae"[971]. "Esclarmunda soror...comitis Fuxi Ra. Rogerii" donated property to "sanctæ Mariæ de Bolbona" by charter dated 1201[972]. She was known as "la Grande Esclarmonde", a famous Catharist "parfaite", as shown by the charter dated 21 Apr 1244 in which "Berengarius d'Avelanet" charged with inquiring into heresies swore that "apud Fanojovis {Fanjaux, Aude} ...Esclarmunda, soror Raimundi Rogerii comitis Fuxensis, avi istius comitis Fuxensis uxor Jordani de Insula" had welcomed heretics[973]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records that "la sœur de Bernard Roger comte de Foix se montrait ouvertement protectrice de l´Hérésie"[974]. m JOURDAIN [III] Seigneur de l'Isle-Jourdain, son of JOURDAIN [II] Seigneur de l'Isle-Jourdain {Gers} & his wife Escaronne de Terrides {near Labourgade, Tarn-et-Garonne} (-[Sep 1200/1204]).

e) [daughter . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m ROGER [I] Vicomte de Couserans, son of BERNARD [III] Comte de Comminges & his wife --- de Toulouse (-before 3 Apr 1211).]

3. DULCE (Dolça) de Foix (-25 Dec 1209, bur monastery of Bellpuig de les Avellanes). According to the Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium, "comes Urgelli Ermengaudus [VII]" married "neptem…domini Raimundi-Berengarii…Comitis Barchinonæ ac Principis Aragoniæ"[975]. "Ermengaudus…Urgellensium comes et marchio cum dompna comittissa…Dulcia coniuge mea" granted property to vassals by charter dated 26 Sep 1157[976]. "Ermengaudus…Urgellensis comes et eius coniux Dulcia comitissa illorumque filius Ermengaudus" donated property to the monastery of Poblet by charter dated 26 Jun 1170[977]. An epitaph in the church of the monastery of Santa Maria de Bellpuig records the burial there of "Dulcia Urgelli Comitissa, Raymundi Berengarii Comitis Barcinonensis et Aragonum Principis ex sorore et Rogerio Fuxensi Comite…neptis, Ermengaudi Comitis Urgelli…coniux"[978]. m (1157 before 3 May) ARMENGOL [VII] "él de Valencia" Conde de Urgel, son of ARMENGOL [VI] "el Castellano" Conde de Urgel & his first wife doña Arsenda de Cabrera ([1120/30]-murdered Requena 11 Aug 1184, bur Monastery of Bellpuig de les Avellanes).

RAYMOND ROGER de Foix, son of ROGER BERNARD [I] "el Gordo" Comte de Foix & his wife Cécile de Béziers (-Château de Mirepoix 27 Mar 1223). "Rogerius Bernardi...comes Fuxi" names "bonæ memorie dominus Raymundus Rogerii pater noster...etiam comes Fuxi" in a charter dated 15 Mar 1199, witnessed by "...Esclarmunda soror comitis Fuxensis..."[979]. He succeeded his father in 1188 as Comte de Foix. Vicomte de Narbonne [1193/94]: Alfonso II King of Aragon granted the vicomté de Narbonne to "Raymundo-Rotgerii...nepoti meo" by charter dated Jun 1193[980], presumably confiscated from Pedro Manrique de Lara Vicomte de Narbonne. The grant to Raymond Roger must, however, have been short-lived as a charter dated 8 Nov 1193 records an agreement between "comitem Petrum, vicecomitem Narbonæ" and "Guillelmum Monetarium"[981]. "Raymundus filius domini Raymundi...ducis Narbonæ, comitis Tolosæ, marchionis Provinciæ, et filius dominæ reginæ Johannæ" granted property "Montis-Albani et Altis-montis et Montis-acuti et Insulæ-amatæ" to "Raymundo Rogerii...comiti Fuxi et Rogerio Bernardi filio vestro, et filio dicti Rogerii Bernardi" by charter dated 24 Jun 1220[982]. The testament of Raymond Roger Comte de Foix is dated May 1222 and names his children Roger Bernard, Aimery and Cécile[983]. The Præclara Francorum facinora records the death in Jul 1222 of "Bernardus Rogerii comes Fuxii in obsidione Castri Mirapicis"[984]. The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records the death of "Bernard Roger Comte de Foix", in the same year as Raymond VI Comte de Toulouse (1222), "au siège de Mirepoix non d´une blessure mais d´un ulcère malin"[985]. The Chronicle of Toulouse Saint-Saturnin records the death in 1222 of "Raimundus Rogerii comes Fuxii"[986].

m ([1189]) [PHILIPPA, daughter of ---. The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Madona Phelipa" as the wife of "Mossen Ramond Roger"[987]. This appears to be the only reference to the name of Comte Raymond Roger´s wife, but the source is too late to give much credibility to its account of the early comtes de Foix which is garbled.]

Comte Raymond Roger & his wife had two children:

1. ROGER BERNARD [II] "le Grand" de Foix (-1241 after 20 May, bur abbey of Boulbonne {Mazères, Ariège}). The testament of Raymond Roger Comte de Foix is dated May 1222 and names his children Roger Bernard, Aimery and Cécile[988]. "Raymundus filius domini Raymundi...ducis Narbonæ, comitis Tolosæ, marchionis Provinciæ, et filius dominæ reginæ Johannæ" granted property "Montis-Albani et Altis-montis et Montis-acuti et Insulæ-amatæ" to "Raymundo Rogerii...comiti Fuxi et Rogerio Bernardi filio vestro, et filio dicti Rogerii Bernardi" by charter dated 24 Jun 1220[989]. He succeeded his father in 1223 as Comte de Foix. He succeeded as Vescomte de Castellbò {provincia de Lérida/Lleida, Catalonia}, de iure uxoris. The testament, dated 20 May 1241, of "Rogerius Bernardi…comes Fuxensis" names "filium meum Rogerium de Fuxo vicecomitem Castriboni…Cecilie filie mee…uxori mee Ermengardi…filia mea Esclarmunda" and specifies his request for burial "in monasterio beate Marie Bolbone". The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records the death 4 May, in 1241 from the context, of "Roger Bernard comte de Foix"[990], although the date must be inaccurate if his testament is correctly dated as shown above. m firstly (10 Jan 1203) ERMESINDA de Castellbò, daughter of ARNAL Vescomte de Castellbò [Castelbón] & his wife Arnalda de Caboet (-after 28 Dec 1229, bur Costoga). A charter dated 11 Jun 1201 records an agreement between “Arnallum de Castrobon vicecomitem” and “Petrum d´Orchas" concerning "castro de Taus et de Chastel et de Sauched et de Sauchadel", signed by "domine Arnalle Capodecii, Ermesendis filie sue…"[991]. Her parentage is indicated by the testament dated 8 Sep 1226 under which "A[rnaldus] vicecomes de Castribono" bequeathed his vizcondad to "comiti de Fox et comitisse et filio eorum Rotgario"[992]. "Arnaldus de Castrobono" promised "Ermengaudo comiti Urgelli" never to marry "Ermesendem filiam meam, vel aliam filiam meam, de me in Arnalda uxore mea, procreatam" to "Rogerio Bernardi vel alio filio Raimundi Rogerii comitis de Foix" by charter dated 30 Sep 1203[993]. The date of the marriage is not known. The testament of "Ermessindis...comitissa Fuxensis ac vicecomitissa Castro-bono" is dated 28 Dec 1229, on her deathbed, chooses her burial "in hospitio beatæ Mariæ de Costoga", names "pater meus Arnaldus de Castro-bono...virum meum comitem Fuxensem...Rogerio de Foix filio meo...[et] filiæ meæ"[994]. m secondly (contract 23 Jan 1232) ERMENGARDE de Narbonne, daughter of AIMERY [III] Vicomte de Narbonne & his [second/third] wife [Adelaide ---/Marguerite de Marly]. The marriage contract of "Rogerio-Bernardo...comiti Fuxensi" and "Aymericus...vicecomes Narbonæ...Ermengardi...filiæ", on the advice of "Mathæi de Malliaco cognati nostri", is dated 23 Jan 1232 and names "Aymerico et Amalrico filiis nostris"[995]. The reference to "Mathæi de Malliaco" suggests that Ermengarde was the daughter of Aimery [III]´s [third] marriage, although if this is correct she would have been only ten years old or younger at the time of the marriage contract. Comte Roger Bernard [II] & his first wife had two children:

a) ROGER [IV] de Foix (-24 Feb 1265). His parentage is indicated by the testament dated 8 Sep 1226 under which "A[rnaldus] vicecomes de Castribono" bequeathed his vizcondad to "comiti de Fox et comitisse et filio eorum Rotgario"[996]. Vizconde de Castellbó. He succeeded his father in 1241 as ROGER IV Comte de Foix.

- see below.

b) ESCLARMONDE de Foix . The testament of "Ermessindis...comitissa Fuxensis ac vicecomitissa Castro-bono" is dated 28 Dec 1229, on her deathbed, chooses her burial "in hospitio beatæ Mariæ de Costoga", names "pater meus Arnaldus de Castro-bono...virum meum comitem Fuxensem...Rogerio de Foix filio meo...[et] filiæ meæ"[997]. "Rogerius Bernardi...comes de Fox et Rogerius de Fox filius eius" and "Raymundus Fulconis...vicecomes Cardonæ et domina Terrogia...vicecomitissa Cardonensis et Raymundus de Cardona filius noster" agreed the marriage firstly of Roger de Foix and "Brunissendem filiam de vobis", and secondly of "Esclermondam filiam de vobis comite de Fox" and "Raymundus de Cardona", by charter dated 17 Feb 1231[998]. m (contract 17 Feb 1231) RAMÓN Folch [IX] de Cardona Vizconde de Cardona, son of don RAMÓN Folch [VIII] de Cardona 15th Vizconde de Cardona & his wife doña Inés Señora de Tarroja [-de Segarra].

Comte Roger Bernard [II] & his second wife had one child:

c) CECILE de Foix (-1270). The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña names "hermana de roger conté de Foyx…Secilia" as the second wife of "Aluaro…conte de Urgel"[999]. The Gesta comitum Barcinonensium records that "Alvaro" married secondly "sororem Rogerii comitis Fuxensis...Cœcilia"[1000]. m (1256) as his second wife, ÁLVARO de Cabrera Conde de Urgel, son of don PONCE de Cabrera Conde de Urgel & his second [bigamous] wife doña María Girón (Mar 1239-Foix Mar 1267).

2. AIMERY (-after May 1222). The testament of Raymond Roger Comte de Foix is dated May 1222 and names his children Roger Bernard, Aimery and Cécile[1001].

3. CECILE de Foix . The testament of Raymond Roger Comte de Foix is dated May 1222 and names his children Roger Bernard, Aimery and Cécile[1002]. The contract of marriage between "Bernardum Convenarum, filius D. Bernardi Convenarum comitis" and "Sezeliæ...sorori D. Rogeri Bernardi comitis Fuxi" is dated 6 May 1224, witnessed by "...Petrus de Insula..."[1003]. m (6 May 1224) BERNARD [V] de Comminges, son of BERNARD [IV] Comte de Comminges & his second wife Comtors de La Barthe (1196-Lanta 30 Nov 1241, bur Bonnefont). He succeeded his father in 1225 as Comte de Comminges.

Comte Raymond Roger had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

4. LOUP de Foix (-1259 or after). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Seigneur de Saverdun, co-seigneur de Mirepoix {Ariège}.

- see below, Part B. SEIGNEURS de SAVERDUN, SEIGNEURS de RABAT.

5. ESCLARMONDE de Foix . The marriage contract of "Rogerius Bernardi comes Fuxi...sororem meam Esclarmundam" and "Bernardo de Alione" is dated 13 Jan 1236, and names "frater meus Arnaldus de So"[1004]. Esclarmonde must have been considerably younger than her legitimate half-brothers and sisters. A Cathar. m (contract 13 Jan 1236) BERNARD/BERNAT d'Alion/de Alione/de Llo Baron d'Usson/du Son/de Sono {Aude} Seigneur de Donezan {Ariège} (-1258). A Cathar, he was burned on a charge of heresy. The families d'Alion, de Son (d'Usson) and d'Aniort (Niort) had merged about 1150, when Arnaud de Son married the only daughter of Bernard d'Alion, but retained both names: their sons were Bernard d'Alion and Renaud d'Usson.

ROGER [IV] de Foix, son of ROGER BERNARD [II] "le Grand" Comte de Foix & his first wife Ermesinda de Castellbò (-24 Feb 1265). His parentage is indicated by the testament dated 8 Sep 1226 under which "A[rnaldus] vicecomes de Castribono" bequeathed his vizcondad to "comiti de Fox et comitisse et filio eorum Rotgario"[1005]. The testament of "Ermessindis...comitissa Fuxensis ac vicecomitissa Castro-bono" is dated 28 Dec 1229, on her deathbed, chooses her burial "in hospitio beatæ Mariæ de Costoga", names "pater meus Arnaldus de Castro-bono...virum meum comitem Fuxensem...Rogerio de Foix filio meo...[et] filiæ meæ"[1006]. He succeeded his father in 1241 as Comte de Foix, Vescomte de Castellbò et de Cerdagne/Cerdanya. “Rogerius…comes Fuxi et vicecomes Castriboni” confirmed the commitment of “dominum Rogerium Bernardi comitem Fuxensem quondam, bone memorie, patrem nostrum” to “domino R….comite Tholosano, marchione Provincie” relating to “castrum Savarduni” by charter dated 28 Jun 1241[1007].

m (contract 17 Feb 1231) doña BRUNISENDA de Cardona, daughter of don RAMÓN Folch [VIII] de Cardona 15th Vizconde de Cardona & his wife doña Inés Señora de Torroja {now Tarroja de Segarra} (-1289). "Rogerius Bernardi...comes de Fox et Rogerius de Fox filius eius" and "Raymundus Fulconis...vicecomes Cardonæ et domina Terrogia...vicecomitissa Cardonensis et Raymundus de Cardona filius noster" agreed the marriage firstly of Roger de Foix and "Brunissendem filiam de vobis", and secondly of "Esclermondam filiam de vobis comite de Fox" and "Raymundus de Cardona", by charter dated 17 Feb 1231[1008]. The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Madona Brunissen de Cardonna" as the wife of "Mossen Roger…fil de Mossen Roger Bernard lo Gran"[1009]. A document dated 21 Apr 1250 concerns the payment of her dowry[1010]. "Brunissendis...comitissa Fuxi" granted property "in terra nostra Carcassesii" to "Rogerio Bernardi filio nostro" by charter dated 18 Apr 1265[1011].

Comte Roger [IV] & his wife had five children:

1. ROGER BERNARD [III] de Foix (-3 Mar 1303). Vescomte de Castellbò. Senyor d'Andorra. A document dated 25 Jul 1260 records that Roger Bernard received the vizcondad de Castellbò and all the Foix possessions "beyond the Pyrenees" (including Andorra)[1012]. He succeeded his father in 1265 as Comte de Foix, Vicomte de Cerdagne. He succeeded as Vicomte de Béarn in 1290, de iure uxoris. m (contract Layrac {Tarn-et-Garonne} 14 Oct 1252) MARGUERITE de Béarn, daughter of GASTON [VII] de Montcada Vicomte de Béarn & his wife Mathe de Mastas Ctss de Bigorre ([1245/50]-after 1310). She succeeded her father in 1290 as Vicomtesse de Béarn, de Marsan et de Gabardan, and her sister in 1310 as Comtesse de Bigorre (en partie). “Garsindis comitissa mater Gastonis...vicecomitis Bearni” agreed the marriage contract between “dictum dominum Gastonem...Marguaritam filiam” and “Rogerium...comitem Fuxensem et vicecomitem Castri-boni...Rogerium Bernardi filium”, dated 14 Oct 1252[1013]. A charter dated 1302 records that Philippe IV King of France summoned "comitem Fuxi, Margaritam comitissam Fuxo eius matrem, comitissam Armaignensem relictam domini Geraldi de Armaniaco, Constanciam vicecomitissam de Marciano, et Guillermam de Bearno dominam de Moncada" as proxy for "consortis nostre regine, Guillelmo Tesson militi et Lore vicecomitisse Turenne" for a hearing relating to the county of Bigorre[1014]. Comte Roger Bernard [III] & his wife had five children:

a) CONSTANCE (-after 8 Sep 1332). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Madona Constansa…molher de Mossen Johan de Levis seignor de Mirapeys" as the second of the three daughters of "Roger Bernard comte de Foix…[et] de Madona Margarida de Bearn"[1015]. A fragment written by Bernard Guidonis records the presence of "domino marescallo de Mirapice cum conjuge sua domina Constancia filia quondam comitis Fuxi, cum fratribus suis, consanguineis germanis ipsius domini Johannis de Monte Forti" at the reburial of the body of the latter at Castres in 1305[1016]. m (10 Feb 1297) JEAN [I] de Lévis, son of GUY [III] de Lévis Maréchal de Mirepoix & his wife Isabelle de Marly [Montmorency] (-21 Feb 1319). He succeeded his father as Maréchal de Mirepoix, Seigneur de Mirepoix et de Lévis.

b) MATHE . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m (contract 31 Oct 1294) as his first wife, BERNARD [IV] Comte d'Astarac, son of CENTULE [III] Comte d´Astarac & his wife Assalide d´Albret (-after 1326).

c) MARGUERITE (-1304). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m (30 Nov 1291) BERNARD JOURDAIN [III] de l'Isle-Jourdain, son of JOURDAIN [V] Seigneur de l´Isle-Jourdain & his wife Guillelme de Durfort (-1340). He succeeded his father as Seigneur de l´Isle-Jourdain.

d) BRUNISSENDE (-before 21 Nov 1324). "Helias Talyrandi…comes Petragorensis vicecomes Leomaniæ et Altivillaris" confirmed receipt of the dowry relating to his marriage with "dominæ Brunissendis uxoris suæ, filiæ…domini Rogeri Bernardi…comitis Fuxi" dated 1297[1017]. The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Madona Brunisen…molher de Mossen Elias de Peyragort" as the first of the three daughters of "Roger Bernard comte de Foix…[et] de Madona Margarida de Bearn"[1018]. Her death is dated from a letter of condolence sent 21 Nov 1324 by Pope John XXII to her son Archambaud [IV] on the death of his mother[1019]. m (1298) as his second wife, HELIE [VII] Comte de Périgord, son of ARCHAMBAUD [III] Comte de Périgord & his first wife --- ([1258/62]-1316).

e) GASTON [I] de Foix (1287-killed in battle Pontoise 13 Dec 1315, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Gaston" as the son of "Roger Bernard comte de Foix"[1020]. He succeeded his father in 1302 Comte de Foix, under the regency of his mother.

- see below.

Comte Roger Bernard [III] had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

f) ARNAUD (-after 24 Mar 1350). Bishop of Pamiers 1299.

2. SIBYLLE de Foix (-before 1289). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner which records that "Don Amalric de Narbonne…et le seigneur infant Jacques d´Arragon" had married "deux sœurs, filles du comte de Foix", adding that the bride was aged 14[1021]. A charter dated 24 Mar 1271 records the agreement between "dominum Aymericum et dominum Amalricum fratres, filios quondam domini Amalrici...vicecomitis et domini Narbone" concerning their father´s inheritance, later confirmed by "Sibylia uxor dicti domini Aymerici et domina Alcayeta uxor dicti domini Amalrici"[1022]. m (before 24 Mar 1271) AIMERY [IV] Vicomte de Narbonne, son of AMALRIC [I] Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife Philippa d'Anduze (-1298).

3. ESCLARMONDE [Esclarmunda] de Foix (-after 22 Nov 1299). The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records the marriage of "l´ infant Jacques" and "la fille du comte de Foix", adding that the bride was aged 14[1023]. "Gaufridus Vicecomes de Rocabertino" signed a contract dated 1 Sep 1275, in the presence of "domini Rogerii Bernardi…Comitis Fuxensis et Vicecomitis Castriboni et dominæ Brunissendis…Comitissæ Fuxensis matris eiusdem domini Comitis, necnon et dominæ Esclarmundæ sororis dicti domini Comitis et filiæ dictæ dominæ Comitissæ", as proxy for "domini Infantis Jacobi filii…domini Regis Arag." for the latter's marriage with Esclarmonde, the document naming her father "Rogerii quondam Comitis Fuxensis"[1024]. A charter dated 15 Oct 1275 notes the marriage between "domina Sclarmunda filia quondam domini Rogerii…Comitis Fuxensis et Vicecomitis Castri-boni" and "dominum infantem Jacobum…Regis Aragonum filium, heredem Majoricarum, Montispessulani, Rossilionis, Ceritaniæ et Confluentis", also naming "fratis nostri domini Rogerii Bernardi…Comitis Fuxensis et Vicecomitis Castri-boni et dominiæ Brunissendis matris nostræ Comitissæ Fuxensis et Vicecomitissæ Castri-boni"[1025]. m (contract 1 Sep 1275, 15 Oct 1275) Infante don JAIME de Aragón, son of don JAIME I "el Conquistador" King of Aragon & his second wife Iolanda of Hungary (Barcelona [or Montpellier?] 1243-Palma de Mallorca 29 May 1311). He succeeded his father in 1276 as JAIME II King of Mallorca.

4. AGNES (-after 1256). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m ESCHIVAT [I] de Chabanais Comte de Bigorre, son of JOURDAIN [VIII] de Chabanais {Charente} Seigneur de Confolens {Charente} & his wife Alice de Montfort [-l'Amaury] Comtesse de Bigorre (-1283).

5. PHILIPPA (-after 1304, perhaps 1310). m (7 Jun 1262) ARNAUD [I] de Comminges dit d'Espagne Vicomte de Couserans, son of ROGER [III] de Comminges Vicomte de Couserans & his wife Grise d'Espagne Dame d'Espagne et de Montespan {Haute-Garonne} (-1303/1316, perhaps 1310). His testament is dated 1303.

GASTON [I] de Foix, son of ROGER BERNARD [III] Comte de Foix & his wife Marguerite de Béarn (1287-abbaye de Maubuisson, Pontoise 13 Dec 1315, bur Paris, église des Jacobins). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Gaston" as the son of "Roger Bernard comte de Foix"[1026]. His birth date is deduced from the fact that he was under the age of puberty in 1299, and that in 1301 he could be legally emancipated, meaning that he had reached the age of 14. He succeeded his father in 1302 as Comte de Foix, under the regency of his mother. A charter dated 1302 records that Philippe IV King of France summoned "comitem Fuxi, Margaritam comitissam Fuxo eius matrem, comitissam Armaignensem relictam domini Geraldi de Armaniaco, Constanciam vicecomitissam de Marciano, et Guillermam de Bearno dominam de Moncada" as proxy for "consortis nostre regine, Guillelmo Tesson militi et Lore vicecomitisse Turenne" for a hearing relating to the county of Bigorre[1027]. He was mortally wounded at the battle of Pontoise. The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records the death "in festo sanctæ Luciæ in Sabbato...apud Pontisaram" in 1315 of "Gasto comes Fuxi et dominus de Bearnio in juvenili ætate" and his burial "Parisius in ecclesia fratrum Prædicatorum"[1028].

m (contract Senlis Oct 1301) JEANNE d'Artois, daughter of PHILIPPE d'Artois Seigneur de Conques & his wife Blanche de Bretagne (1289-after 24 Mar 1350). The Chronicle of Guillaume de Nangis records that the second daughter of "Philippus filius Roberti comitis Attrebatensis" married "Gasto filius Remundi Bernardi comitis Fuxinensis"[1029]. Letters of Philippe IV "le Bel" King of France dated 7 April 1299 at Saint-Germain-en-Laye recall the private agreements between "Rogerius Bernardi comes Fuxi et vicecomes Bearnii" and "Philippus primogenitus…consanguinei nostri Roberti comitis Attrebatensis tempore quo vivebat" relating to the marriage between "Gasconem Fuxi primogeniti dicti comitis" and "Johannam filiam dicti Philippi"[1030]. The final marriage contract is contained in letters of King Philippe IV dated Oct 1301 at Senlis which, taking into account the recent emancipation of Gaston de Foix, confirm (at the latter's request) the marriage between "Gastonem filium et fidelem nostrum Rogerium comitis Fuxensis" and "consanguineam nostram Johannam natam pie memorie Philippi primogeniti…consanguinei et fidelis nostri comitis Attrebatensis"[1031]. Her son Roger Bernard [III] in his testament dated 24 Mar 1350 names his mother "egregiae dominae Johannae de Atrabato matri nostrae carissimae"[1032]. Her influence on her husband caused permanent conflict with the local nobility and administration, who in 1317 issued a request to the Parliament[1033] in order to discharge her from the guardianship of her children, accusing her of prodigality and dissoluteness. A charter dated 1317 prevented “dominæ Johannæ de Atrabato matri dictorum liberorum” from having the guardianship of “Gasto primogenitus masculus D. Gastonis quondam comitis Fuxi, et alii liberii ipsius domini comitis…tres filii et tres filiæ”[1034]. Despite a compromise signed in 1325 in Beaugency, conflicts with her son became more frequent and in 1331 Gaston II was authorized by King Philippe VI to imprison her at the château de Foix. She was later moved in turn to Orthez and Lourdes. She was released in 1347 at the request of her son Robert de Foix, bishop of Lavaur and moved to Carbonne. Michelet[1035] suggested a link between her imprisonment in 1331 and the fact that, at the same time, her brother Robert d'Artois was being sued for forgery and accused of witchcraft practices aimed at removing the king.

Comte Gaston [I] & his wife had six children:

1. GASTON [II] "le Preux" de Foix (1308-Algeciras or Seville 26 Sep 1343). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Mossen Gaston…Mossen Roger Bernard…vescomte de Castelbo et seignor de Moncada…[et] Mossen Robert…avesque de Lavaur" as the three sons of "Mossen Gaston…[et] de Madona Johanna de Artoys"[1036]. He succeeded his father in 1315 as Comte de Foix.

- see below.

2. ROGER BERNARD [III] ([1310]-Orthez {Pyrenées-Atlantiques} 1350 after 24 Mar). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Mossen Gaston…Mossen Roger Bernard…vescomte de Castelbo et seignor de Moncada…[et] Mossen Robert…avesque de Lavaur" as the three sons of "Mossen Gaston…[et] de Madona Johanna de Artoys"[1037]. Vescomte de Castellbò. His brother Comte Gaston [II] donated "vicecomitatum Castriboni et terram Urgellesi, et baronnias de Montecathano et de Castro Veteri et etiam villas et loca de Terrua, de Comabaternie, de Valle Ferreria, nec non et loca seu illud quae habebat in villa de Podio Ceritano et in comitatu Ceritanie et Coffletis cum omnibus iuribus, dominationibus ac pertinenciis locorum et villarum predictarum et etiam in alia terra Cataloniae … exceptis et sibi retentis ante omnia dum taxat castro de Sono et terra Donazani ac valle de Andorra cum iuribus et pertinentiis suis" to Roger Bernard [III] by document dated 5 Jul 1329[1038]. In his testament dated 24 Mar 1350, "nos Rogerius Bernardi de Fuxo, vicecomes CastriBoni et dominus baroniarum de MonteCathano, de CastroVeteri et de MaloVicino" names his mother "egregiae dominae Johannae de Atrabato matri nostrae carissimae", his wife "nobili Constanciae uxori nostrae", their two daughters "Margaritae filiae nostrae legitimae ... Blanchae filiae nostrae legitimae", their son "Rodgerium Bernardi filium nostrum legitimum" whom he appointed as sole legatee, the latter's wife "filia de Noualiis uxore sua", and his nephew "nepos noster Gasto comes Fuxi filius fratris nostri comitis Fuxi quondam"[1039]. He also named several illegitimate children, and a list of some more to come. m CONSTANZA de Luna Señora de Segorbe/Sogorb {Alto Palancia, Castellón}, Paterna {Horte Oest, Valencia}, La Puebla [de Vallbona], El Alton Mijares {Castellón}, daughter of ARTAL de Luna & his wife Constanza Pérez de Aragón Señora de Segorbe ([1310]-before 17 Jan 1353). Her husband Roger Bernard [III] in his testament dated 24 Mar 1350 names his wife "nobili Constanciae uxori nostrae"[1040]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. She was regent of the vizcondad de Castellbò from 1350 to her death. The widowed Constanza granted the property which she had received under her marriage contract to her son by document dated 22 Sep 1351[1041]. He refused the grant, but Hugo vezconde de Cardona issued a referee's decision in favour of Constanza by document dated 8 Nov 1351[1042]. Her death date is ascertained from letters dated 17 Jan 1353 under which Pedro IV King of Aragon noted that "nobilem quondam Constanciam de Luna vicecomitissam CastriBoni, matrem et tutricem legitimam nobilis et dilecti nostri Rogerii Bernardi de Fuxio vicecomitis Castriboni" had died[1043]. Roger Bernard [III] & his wife had three children:

a) ROGER BERNARD [IV] ([1333/38]-1381). His father Roger Bernard [III] in his testament dated 24 Mar 1350 names his wife and their son "Rodgerium Bernardi filium nostrum legitimum" whom he appointed as sole legatee[1044]. His birth date range is estimated from letters dated 17 Jan 1353 under which Pedro IV King of Aragon noted that he was "minor…viginti annis et maior quattuordecim" and appointed another guardian[1045]. He succeeded his father as Vescomte de Castellbò, under the regency of his mother. The fact of this regency is proved by letters of remission dated 15 Mar 1353 under which Pedro IV King of Aragon granted to "vos nobilis et dilectus domesticus noster Rogerius Bernardi de Fuxo vicecomes Castriboni" for assaulting "Constancia de Luna quondam vicecomitissa Castriboni mater et tutrix vestra" with a gang of noble youths and taking off her hands the administration of the vizcondad de Castellbò ("privastis dictam nobilem matrem et tutricem vestram ab administratione dicti vicecomitatus … et iniugendo de facto potius quam de iure officialibus et aliis hominibus dicti vicecomitatus ne dictae vicecomitissae obedirent, seu ei de aliquo responderent") through violence and intimidation ("iniuriis mortis illicitas et alias violentias contra eandem nobilem attemptatas … coacta terroribus atque minis et tamquam capta, detenta et per dictos familiares vestros inducta habuit facere donationem vos de omnibus bonis suis")[1046]. Seigneur de Navailles {in Navailles-Angos, Pyrénées-Atlantiques}, de iure uxoris. The testament dated 2 Nov 1361 at Barcelona of "Rogerius Bernardi de Fuxio Dei gratia vicecomes CastriBoni dominusque de Navalles, MontisCateni et CastriVeteris" names "nobilis et praepotens vir dominus Rogerius Bernardi genitor noster felicis memoriae" and "Isabelli filiæ nostræ" appointing her his heir if he had no male descendants[1047]. m (before 24 Mar 1350) GERAUDE Dame de Navailles et de Sault, daughter of GARCIE ARNAUD [IV] de Navailles Baron de Navailles et de Sault & his wife Béarnaise de Miramont (-1384, bur abbaye de Pontaut {Mant, Landes}). Her marriage contract dated to [1346/50] between "…dominus R B de Fuxo miles vicecomes Castri Boni ex una parte et nobilis domina Bearnesia de Miramonte domina de Navalhiis et de Saltu ex altera" records the proposed marriage between "Rotgerium Bernardi de Fuxo filium primogenitum dicti nobilis et Geraldam filiam comunem legitimam primogenitam ac naturalem et heredem universalem nobilis domini domini Garsie Arnaldi de Navalhiis militis quondam domini de Navalhiis et de Saltu et dicte domine Bearnesie domine de Navalhiis et de Saltu"[1048]. Her father-in-law Roger Bernard [III] in his testament dated 24 Mar 1350 names his son and the latter's wife "filia de Noualiis uxore sua"[1049]. Roger Bernard [IV] & his wife had three children:

i) ISABELLE de Foix (before 2 Nov 1361-1428, bur Abbaye de Boulbonne (Cistercian), Mazères {Ariège}). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Madona Isabel molher de Mossen Archimbaud captal de Grailli, de Buc et de Puch Pauli" as sister of "Mossen Mathieu"[1050]. The testament dated 2 Nov 1361 at Barcelona of "Rogerius Bernardi de Fuxio Dei gratia vicecomes CastriBoni dominusque de Navalles, MontisCateni et CastriVeteris" names "Isabelli filiæ nostræ" appointing her as his heir if he had no male descendants[1051]. She succeeded her brother in 1398 as Ctss de Foix et de Bigorr e, Vicomtesse de Béarn, Vescomtesa de Castellbò, Vicomtesse de Marsan, de Gavardan et de Lautrec, dame de Navailles et de Sault. Martín King of Aragon donated to Isabelle, comtesse de Foix, the vizcondad de Castellbò and other possessions of her late brother Mathieu Comte de Foix, with a few exceptions, by letters dated 20 Jul 1400[1052]. The principalilty of Béarn was defined as sobiraa (sovereign) under the treaty of Tarbes, Hautes-Pyrénées 10 May 1399 between the English and French chancelleries. In 1400, Isabelle recovered the major part of the family's Spanish properties confiscated from her brother Matthieu. m (1381) ARCHAMBAUD de Grailly, Captal de Buch, Comte de Benauges, Lavaux et Longueville, son of PIERRE [II] Seigneur de Grailly, Captal de Buch & his second wife Rosenburge de Talleyrand (-1413).

- see below.

ii) ROGER BERNARD de Foix (after 2 Nov 1361-died young). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

iii) MATHIEU de Foix (1363 or after-Aug 1398). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Mossen Mathieu" as son of "Mossen Roger Bernard de Foix, cosi germa del comte Febus…[et] fil de Girauda de Navalhas"[1053]. Vescomte de Castellbò. Vicomte de Béarn. He succeeded his cousin in 1391 as Comte de Foix, in accordance with the testamentary dispositions of Gaston [I] Comte de Foix in the absence of surviving legitimate descendants of Comte Gaston [II]. On the death of his father-in-law, he organised an invasion of Aragon to enforce his wife's claim to the throne but was repelled & his wife Pere Conde de Urgel. In addition, his possessions in Spain (Castellbò, Castelviel de Rosanes, Martorell, and the remains of the Montcada lands) were confiscated by an assembly in Barcelona summoned by King Martin. His sister Isabelle recovered in 1400 the major part of these (ref. below), and his nephew Jean recovered the rest on the occasion of his m with Joana d'Urgell in 1413 (Tucoo-Chala 1980, p. 88 and p. 90). The dowager Queen Violant de Bar, widow of King Joan I, had herself written to Jean de Foix on 20 Jan 1411 to promise him to have Castellví de Rosanes and Martorell returned to him if her children came to the throne (Arch. nat. Fr., J 880, no. 27). m (Barcelona 4 Jun 1392) Infanta doña JUANA de Aragón, daughter of don JUAN I King of Aragon & his first wife Marie d’Armagnac (Daroca Oct 1375-Valencia Sep 1407). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier records that "Mossen Mathieu" married "Madona Johana infanta de Arago, filha del rey En Johan"[1054].

b) MARGUERITE de Foix . Her father Roger Bernard [III] in his testament dated 24 Mar 1350 names his wife and their two daughters "Margaritae filiae nostrae legitimae ... Blanchae filiae nostrae legitimae"[1055]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. m (Apr 1350) BERNARDO [III] Vizconde de Cabrera Conde de Modica, son of BERNARDO [II] Señor de Cabrera, 20^th Vizconde de Gerona, 10^th Vizconde de Ager & his wife doña Timbor de Fenollet (-killed in battle Tordehumos Oct 1368)

c) BLANCHE de Foix . Her father Roger Bernard [III] in his testament dated 24 Mar 1350 names his wife and their two daughters "Margaritae filiae nostrae legitimae ... Blanchae filiae nostrae legitimae"[1056]. The primary source which confirms her two marriages has not yet been identified. m firstly LUIS Cornel . m secondly HUGO ROGER Conde de Pailhars (-1418).

Comte Roger Bernard [III] had three illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

d) ARNAUD GUILLAUME . In his testament dated 24 Mar 1350, Roger Bernard [III] names "Arnaldo Guillermi filio nostro spurio et omnibus aliis filiis et filabus nostris spuriis"[1057].

e) BERDOLETUS . In his testament dated 24 Mar 1350, Roger Bernard [III] names "matri Berdoleti filii nostri spurii de Bage"[1058].

f) TRISTAN . The testament of Roger Bernard [IV] dated 2 Nov 1361 refers to "Bearnesiæ sorori nostræ…Triesteny fratri nostro"[1059].

Comte Roger Bernard [III] had --- illegitimate children by PEYRONETA de Perquia, daughter of ---:

g) [BEARNESE] . In his testament dated 24 Mar 1350, Roger Bernard [III] names "Peyronetæ de Perquia matri filiæ nostræ spuriæ"[1060]. The testament of Roger Bernard [IV] dated 2 Nov 1361 refers to "Bearnesiæ sorori nostræ…Triesteny fratri nostro"[1061].

h) daughter . In his testament dated 24 Mar 1350, Roger Bernard [III] names "Peyronetæ de Perquia matri filiæ nostræ spuriæ"[1062]. It is not known how many illegitimate daughters were born to Peyroneta de Perquia.

3. ROBERT de Foix . The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Mossen Gaston…Mossen Roger Bernard…vescomte de Castelbo et seignor de Moncada…[et] Mossen Robert…avesque de Lavaur" as the three sons of "Mossen Gaston…[et] de Madona Johanna de Artoys"[1063]. Bishop of Lavaur.

4. MARGUERITE de Foix . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.

5. BLANCHE de Foix . The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Madona Blanca…molher de Mossen Johan de Grailly captal de Buc et Puch Pauli" as the daughter of "Mossen Gaston…[et] de Madona Johanna de Artoys"[1064]. m (1328) JEAN [II] de Grailly Vicomte de Benauge et de Castillon [-la-Bataille], son of PIERRE [II] de Grailly & his first wife Assalide de Bordeaux (-1343).

6. JEANNE de Foix (-[1357/58]). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m (Castellón de Ampurias May 1331) Infante don PEDRO de Aragón Conde de Ribagorza y Ampurias, son of don JAIME II King of Aragon & his second wife Blanche of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] (1305-Pisa 4 Nov 1381). Conde de Prades, Señor de Denia y Gandía 1341-1381. Seneschal of Catalonia.

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

GASTON [II] "le Preux" de Foix, son of GASTON [I] Comte de Foix & his wife Jeanne d'Artois (1308-Algeciras or Seville 26 Sep 1343). The Flores historiarum of Bernard Guidonis records that "primogenitus" of "Gasto comes Fuxi et dominus de Bearnio in juvenili ætate" was aged seven when his father died[1065]. He succeeded his father in 1315 as Comte de Foix, Vicomte de Béarn, de Marsan, de Gabardan, de Nébouzan et de Lautrec. He donated "vicecomitatum Castriboni et terram Urgellesi, et baronnias de Montecathano et de Castro Veteri et etiam villas et loca de Terrua, de Comabaternie, de Valle Ferreria, nec non et loca seu illud quae habebat in villa de Podio Ceritano et in comitatu Ceritanie et Coffletis cum omnibus iuribus, dominationibus ac pertinenciis locorum et villarum predictarum et etiam in alia terra Cataloniae … exceptis et sibi retentis ante omnia dum taxat castro de Sono et terra Donazani ac valle de Andorra cum iuribus et pertinentiis suis" to his brother Roger Bernard [III] by document dated 5 Jul 1329[1066]. The testament of Gaston [II] Comte de Foix dated 17 Apr 1343 includes bequests to "Item legamus amore Dei Bearnesie filie Marie de Sans de Roncide Vallibus pro suo maritagio mille libras morlanorum. Item Arnaldo Guillelmi fratri dicte Bearnesie centum libras turonensium parvorum reddituales eidem Arnaldo Guillelmi per nostrum heredem universalem..."[1067]. His uncle Roger Bernard [III] in his testament dated 24 Mar 1350 names his nephew "nepos noster Gasto comes Fuxi filius fratris nostri comitis Fuxi quondam"[1068].

m (1327) ELEONORE de Comminges, daughter of BERNARD [VII] Comte de Comminges & his wife Laure de Montfort (-after 16 May 1365). Her name and origin are confirmed by the charter dated 8 Feb 1347 which records that Philippe VI King of France abandoned rights over the lands to be ceded to "Agnes, fille…de Phelippe jadis roy et de…Jehnne de France royne de Navarre" when she married "Gaston comte de Foix…[filz de] Alliénor de Cominges contesse de Foix"[1069]. The primary source which confirms her father´s name has not yet been identified. She was regent for her son after his accession. The nobles of the county of Foix paid homage to “Alienors de Convenis comitissa ac vicecomitissa”, widow of “Gasto comes Fuxi ac vicecomes Bearnii ac Marciani”, by act dated 28 Dec 1345 which includes a lengthy list of named nobles[1070].

Mistress (1): MARIE de Sans de Roncesvalles, daughter of ---. The testament of Gaston II comte de Foix dated 17 Apr 1343 names "Marie de Sans de Roncide Vallibus" as mother of his daughter Béarnaise[1071].

Mistress (2): ---.

Comte Gaston [II] & his wife had one child:

1. GASTON [III] "Fébus" de Foix (30 Apr 1331-near château d'Orthez, l'Hôpital d'Orion 1 Aug 1391, bur Orthez, église des Jacobins). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Mossen Gaston appelat Febus" as the son of "Mossen Gaston et de Madona Alianor de Comenge"[1072]. He succeeded his father in 1343 as Comte de Foix et de Bigorre, Vicomte de Béarn, de Marsan, de Bruilhois, de Gabardan, de Nébouzan, de Lautrec, des Terres-Basses d'Albigeois, co-seigneur d'Andorre, under the regency of his mother. The nobles of the county of Foix paid homage to “Alienors de Convenis comitissa ac vicecomitissa”, widow of “Gasto comes Fuxi ac vicecomes Bearnii ac Marciani”, in the name of “D. comitis filii sui pupilli”, by act dated 28 Dec 1345[1073]. He proclaimed the sovereignty of Béarn 25 Sep 1347. His ambition was to establish a large Pyrenean state. He assured control of Bigorre and Comminges by defeating the Comte d'Armagnac at Launac in 1362. A treaty of peace between “monsenhor Johan…comte d´Armagnac, de Fezensac, et Johan d´Armagnac son fils…comte de Comenge” and “mossen Gaston…comte de Foix, et Gaston son filh” is dated 20 Mar 1378 and 1379, names “Margaride comtesse de Comenge” wife of the former, and provides for the marriage between “Beatrix filhe d´eudit mossenhor d´Armagnac…et lo dessusdit Gaston filh d´eudit mossenhor de Foix”[1074]. He was the author of a "Livre des oraisons" and a "Livre de chasse", and admired for his courtesy and efficiency and by Froissart. m (contract 5 Jul 1348, Paris, église du Temple 4 Aug 1349, repudiated Dec 1362) Infanta doña INÉS de Navarra, daughter of FELIPE III King of Navarre Comte d'Evreux & his wife doña Juana II Queen of Navarre after 1337-Estella castle Jan 1397 or [4 Feb 1396/1400]). A charter dated 8 Feb 1347 records that Philippe VI King of France abandoned rights over the lands to be ceded to "Agnes, fille…de Phelippe jadis roy et de…Jehnne de France royne de Navarre" when she married "Gaston comte de Foix…[filz de] Alliénor de Cominges contesse de Foix"[1075]. The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier records that "Mossen Gaston appelat Febus" married "Madona Agnes de Navarra"[1076]. After being repudiated & his wife her husband, on the excuse that her dowry had not been paid in full, she returned to Navarre and lived in the castles of Pamplona, Olite and Estella. Comte Gaston [III] & his wife had one child:

a) GASTON de Béarn ([1365]-[1381]). A treaty of peace between “monsenhor Johan…comte d´Armagnac, de Fezensac, et Johan d´Armagnac son fils…comte de Comenge” and “mossen Gaston…comte de Foix, et Gaston son filh” is dated 20 Mar 1378 and 1379, names “Margaride comtesse de Comenge” wife of the former, and provides for the marriage between “Beatrix filhe d´eudit mossenhor d´Armagnac…et lo dessusdit Gaston filh d´eudit mossenhor de Foix”[1077]. Froissart records that he was killed accidentally by his father while in jail[1078]. m (Betrothed 20 Mar 1378, 1379) as her first husband, BEATRIX d'Armagnac, daughter of JEAN II Comte d'Armagnac & his wife Marguerite Ctss de Comminges. A treaty of peace between “monsenhor Johan…comte d´Armagnac, de Fezensac, et Johan d´Armagnac son fils…comte de Comenge” and “mossen Gaston…comte de Foix, et Gaston son filh” is dated 20 Mar 1378 and 1379, names “Margaride comtesse de Comenge” wife of the former, and provides for the marriage between “Beatrix filhe d´eudit mossenhor d´Armagnac…et lo dessusdit Gaston filh d´eudit mossenhor de Foix”[1079]. The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier records the marriage in 1378 of "Madona Beatrix appelada la Gaya Armanhaguesa, filha del comte de Armanhac" and "Gaston, fil del comte Febus"[1080]. She married secondly (27 Jan 1382, by proxy 9 May 1382) Carlo Visconti Signore di Parma. A charter dated 9 May 1382 notifies the marriage by proxy between "dominum comitem Armeniaci…Beatrix genita" and "Magdalenam natam…Bernabos Vicecomes"[1081].

Comte Gaston [III] had four illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

b) GARCIA [Gracià/Gratien] de Béarn (-1399). Froissart names "…deux beaux jeunes chevaliers bâtards…que il aime autant que soi-même: messier Yvain et messier Gratien"[1082]. Vicomte de la Vallée d'Ossau. m ANNE de Lavedan, daughter of ---.

c) JEAN [Yvain] de Béarn (-burned to death Paris 30 Jan 1392). Froissart names "…deux beaux jeunes chevaliers bâtards…que il aime autant que soi-même: messier Yvain et messier Gratien"[1083]. The necrology of Vauvert records the death "III Kal Feb" of "dominus Yvanus de Bearne miles quondam filius naturalis…principis domini Gastoni comitis Fuxi"[1084]. He was burnt to death in the "Bal des Ardents" in Paris.

d) PERARNAUD [Pere Arnaud] de Béarn .

e) BERNARD [Bernal] de Foix . He supported Enrique de Trastámara in his revolt against Pedro I "el Cruel" King of Castile, and was created Conde de Medinaceli. "Bernalt de Foix bastardo de Berane conde de Medinaceli" donated property to "su mujer doña Isabel de la Cerda" by charter dated 15 Oct 1370[1085]. m (Seville 15 Sep 1370) as her second [maybe third] husband, doña ISABEL de la Cerda, widow of don RODRIGO Pérez Ponce Señor de Puebla de Asturias, Cangas y Tineo, daughter of don LUIS de la Cerda Prince of the Canary Islands & his first wife doña Leonor de Guzmán (Seville [1329]-after 1383). "Bernalt de Foix bastardo de Berane conde de Medinaceli" donated property to "su mujer doña Isabel de la Cerda" by charter dated 15 Oct 1370[1086].

- MEDINACELI.

Comte Gaston [II] had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

2. ARNAUD GUILLAUME de Béarn (-killed in battle 1391). The testament of Gaston [II] Comte de Foix dated 17 Apr 1343 includes bequests to "Item legamus amore Dei Bearnesie filie Marie de Sans de Roncide Vallibus pro suo maritagio mille libras morlanorum. Item Arnaldo Guillelmi fratri dicte Bearnesie centum libras turonensium parvorum reddituales eidem Arnaldo Guillelmi per nostrum heredem universalem..."[1087]. m JEANNE de Morlanes, daughter of ---.

3. BEARNESE [Marqueze] bâtarde de Béarn (before 1343-before 1412, bur église de la Trinité, Orthez {Pyrénées-Atlantiques}, transferred église des Augustins, Geaune {Landes}). The testament of Gaston [II] Comte de Foix dated 17 Apr 1343 includes bequests to "Item legamus amore Dei Bearnesie filie Marie de Sans de Roncide Vallibus pro suo maritagio mille libras morlanorum. Item Arnaldo Guillelmi fratri dicte Bearnesie centum libras turonensium parvorum reddituales eidem Arnaldo Guillelmi per nostrum heredem universalem..."[1088]. The contract of marriage dated 1355 records the proposed marriage between "Raimond Bernard de Castelnau, et noble damoyselle Marqueze de Foix et de Bearn, soeur de Gaston comte de Foix et d'Arnaud Guilhem de Béarn, seigneur de Morlane"[1089]. m (1355) RAYMOND BERNARD [II] de Castelnau[-Tursan].

Comte Gaston [II] had two illegitimate children by Mistress (2):

4. PIERRE bâtard de Foix dit de Béarn . m (separated[1090]) doña FLORENCIA de Aragón, illegitimate daughter of Infante don JUAN de Aragón Señor de Elche & his mistress --- ([1358]-).

a) PIERRE . Pierre and Adrienne are named by Froissart[1091].

b) ADRIENNE . Pierre and Adrienne are named by Froissart[1092].

5. MARGUERITE de Foix . m JEAN de Châteauverdun Seigneur de Caumont {Château-Verdun, Ariège}.

B. SEIGNEURS de SAVERDUN, later SEIGNEURS de RABAT

The structure of this family is based on Doublet[1093]. The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of members of the family have not yet been consulted, unless otherwise stated below.

LOUP [I] de Foix Seigneur de Saverdun {Ariège}, illegitimate son of [RAYMOND ROGER Comte de Foix/ROGER BERNARD [II] Comte de Foix] & his mistress --- (-1259 or after). Lope was the illegitimate son of Raymond Roger according to the Histoire de Languedoc[1094]. Another possibility is that he was the illegitimate son of Comte Roger Bernard [II], but this appears less likely from a chronological point of view. Doublet rules out other possibilities[1095]. He is named as co-Seigneur de Mirepoix {Ariège}[1096]. Seigneur de Saverdun, Ax, Ascou, Durfort {all in Ariège}. "Lupo de Fuxo et Rogerio Isarno filio suo" swore homage to Raymond VII Comte de Toulouse by charter dated 18 Mar 1249[1097]. He was appointed deputy Sénéchal of Carcassonne by Louis IX King of France.

m (before 1234) HONOREE (Honorata/Honors) de Beaumont {maybe Beaumont-sur-Lèze, Haute-Garonne}, daughter of ---.

Loup [I] & his wife had three children:

1. LOUP [II] ([1230]-after 1252).

2. ROGER IZARN (-after 1316). "Lupo de Fuxo et Rogerio Isarno filio suo" swore homage to Raymond VII Comte de Toulouse by charter dated 18 Mar 1249[1098]. Chevalier, co-Seigneur de Saverdun, de Durban. 1259. In 1316, he was among the delegates appointed by the "nobles et consuls du pays de Foix" and sent to Paris to recover the testament of Gaston [I] Comte de Foix, withheld by Gaston's widow Jeanne d'Artois. m ESCLARMONDE, daughter of ---. Roger Izarn & his wife had three children:

a) LOPE [IV] (-1351 or after). Co-Seigneur de Saverdun et de Fornex, Seigneur de Crampagna {Ariège}. Seigneur de Durban (1331). Cited 1303-1351. The nobles of the county of Foix paid homage to “Alienors de Convenis comitissa ac vicecomitissa”, widow of “Gasto comes Fuxi ac vicecomes Bearnii ac Marciani”, by act dated 28 Dec 1345 which includes a lengthy list of named nobles headed by “D Lupo de Fuxo millite…”[1099]. m ---. The name of Lope's wife is not known. Lope [IV] & his wife had one child:

i) IZARN [Lope Izarn] (-1391 or after). Cited 1371-1391. Seigneur de Crampagna. m ESCLARMONDE de Montaut, daughter of ---.

b) PONS . Abbé de Lézat [sur-Lèze] {Ariège} 1326.

c) ROGER [I] (-1338 or after). Co-Seigneur de Saverdun et de Fornex with his brother Lope [IV].

- see below.

3. LOUP [III] . Abbé de Saint-Savin, Vienne.

ROGER [I] de Foix-Saverdun, son of ROGER IZARN de Foix Seigneur de Saverdun & his wife Esclarmonde (-1338 or after). Co-Seigneur de Saverdun et de Fornex with his brother Lope [IV]. Seigneur de Rabat, de iure uxoris, cited 1331 and 1338.

m [1320] --- de Rabat, daughter and heiress of --- de Rabat & his wife ---.

Roger [I] & his wife had one child:

1. CORBAIRAN [I] (-after 1 Oct 1402, bur église Sainte Marie (now N-D de l'Assomption), Rabat-les-Trois-Seigneurs, Ariège). Seigneur de Rabat, de Fornex, de Saverdun, de La Bastide-de-Besplas, d'Antuzan {all Ariège}. Sénéchal du Comté de Foix 1385. Cited 1357-1402. Testament 1 Oct 1402 "Nobilis et potens vir dominus Corbairandus de Fuxo, miles, dominus de Ravato et de Fornelis"[1100]. m [1370] ERMENGARDE (Mengarde) de Villar Dame de Beauteville {Haute-Garonne}, daughter of ---. Corbairan [I] & his wife had six children:

a) JEAN [I] ([1375]-after 1454). Seigneur de Rabat, de Fornex, de Saverdun, de La Bastide-de-Besplas, d'Antuzan {all Ariège}. Sénéchal du Comté de Foix. A manuscript chronicle records that "D. Joannes de Foix D. de Rabat" swore allegiance for "terra sua de Montesquivo" to the French king in 1454[1101].

- SEIGNEURS de RABAT.

b) SEGUINE . m BERNARD RAYMOND alias RAYMOND ARNAUD "de Fontaneix domini de Vallosiech".

c) JEANNE . m OLIVIER de Roquefort Seigneur d'Arignac, Ariège "de Rupe Forti domini de Arnhaco".

d) MARGUERITE . m FRANÇOIS Ysalguier Seigneur de Castelnaud-d'Estrétefont, Haute-Garonne ("dominus de Castro Novo de Strictis Fontibus").

e) CONDOR (-1407 or after). Testament 1407. m firstly PONS de Villemur Seigneur de Saint-Paul [de-Jarrat], Ariège}. m secondly ARNAUD de Coarraze Seigneur d'Aspet et de Bérat, Haute-Garonne.

f) BRUNISSENDE . m BERNARD Seigneur d'Arnave {Ariège}.

C. COMTES de FOIX (GRAILLY)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the following family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

ARCHAMBAUD de Grailly, son of PIERRE [II] Seigneur de Grilly, Vicomte de Castillon[-la-Bataille], Captal de Buch, chevalier de la Jarretière & his second wife Erembourg de Périgord (-1413). Vicomte de Castillon and Baron de Gurçon, castle in Carsac-de-Gurçon {Dordogne}, subsequently, by succeeding his nephew Jean [III] de Grailly, Captal de Buch, Vicomte de Benauges {ruined castle in Arbis, Gironde}, Rolle and Lavaux {Vaud, Switzerland} et Longueville {-sur-Scie, Seine-Maritime}. Comte de Foix, de iure uxoris. A manuscript chronicle records that "D. Archambaldus de Graillaco, comes Fuxi et vice-comes Neboziani" swore allegiance for "suo vice-comitatu", with the consent of "Isabellæ uxoris suæ", to the French king in 1389[1102]. His joint testament with his wife is dated 1402[1103]: "Nos Archambaudus de Greilino Dei gracia comes Fuxi vicecomes Bearnii Marsani Gavardani capitalis de Bugio vicecomes Benaugiarum et Castellionis dominusque de Navalhiis et Ysabellis de Fuxo eadem gracia comitissa vicecomitissa capitalissa dominaque comitatus vicecomitatum et terrarum predictorum coniuges".

m (1381) ISABELLE de Foix, daughter of ROGER BERNARD [II] de Foix Vescomte de Castellbò & his wife Géraude [Geralda/Guiraude] Dame de Navailles et de Sault (before 2 Nov 1361-1428, bur Abbaye de Boulbonne (Cistercian), Mazères {Ariège}). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Madona Isabel molher de Mossen Archimbaud captal de Grailli, de Buc et de Puch Pauli" as sister of "Mossen Mathieu"[1104]. She succeeded her brother in 1398 as Ctss de Foix et de Bigorre, Vicomtesse de Béarn, Vescomtesa de Castellbò, Vicomtesse de Marsan, de Gavardan et de Lautrec, dame de Navailles et de Sault. Martín King of Aragon donated to Isabelle, comtesse de Foix, the vizcondad de Castellbò and other possessions of her late brother Mathieu Comte de Foix, with a few exceptions, by letters dated 20 Jul 1400[1105]. The principalilty of Béarn was defined as sobiraa (sovereign) under the treaty of Tarbes, Hautes-Pyrénées 10 May 1399 between the English and French chancelleries. In 1400, Isabelle recovered the major part of the family's Spanish properties confiscated from her brother Matthieu. She made a second testament 2 Jan 1427[1106] with mostly private provisions.

Archambaud & his wife had five children:

1. JEAN de Foix (1382-Mazères, Ariège 4 May 1436). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Mossen Johan…Mossen Gaston…captal de Buc, Mossen Archimbaud…seignor de Navalhas, Mossen Mathieu…comte de Comenge, Fray Pey de l´ordre desl Frays Menors…cardinal" as the five sons of "Mossen Archimbaud de Grailli, captal de Buc et de Puch Pauli" and his wife[1107]. The dowager Queen Violant of Aragon, widow of King Juan I, wrote to Jean de Foix on 20 Jan 1411 promising the return of Castellví de Rosanes and Martorell (part of the properties confiscated from his maternal uncle Matthieu Comte de Foix) if her children succeeded to the throne[1108]. His parents confirmed the title Vescomte de Castellbò, which they had conferred on Jean earlier, in their joint testament dated 1402 "... facimus ordinamus et instituimus carissimum et predilectum Johannem filium nostrum primogenitum legitimum et naturalem iam ex alia nostra disposicione vicecomitem Castriboni extra pupillarem etatem existantem ... prout in precedentibus fecimus. A formal donation was made on 22 Mar 1406 with letters to the bailiff of Vich and Jean took possession 24 Apr 1406[1109]. He succeeded his mother through an agreement of 22 Feb 1412 as Comte de Foix, Vicomte souverain de Béarn, Vescomte de Castellbò, Villemur et Lautrec Vicomte de Marsan, Gabardan, Nébouzan, Vicomte souverain de Béarn, although the Etats de Béarn strongly objected to this familial arrangement and steadily refused to hear Jean de Foix's oath until Isabelle's death in 1428.. He became Comte de Bigorre in 1415 by agreement with Bernard VII Comte d'Armagnac, a title finally recognised by the King of France by letters patent of 18 Nov 1425, which definitively stabilized Jean de Foix's hitherto changing allegiances. The King of France installed him as Governor of Dauphiné in 1416. In 1425 he was appointed Governor of Languedoc (lieutenant du roi en Languedoc) and received from the King the vicomté de Lautrec[1110]. He also bought the vicomté de Villemur. Jean recovered the remaining part of the family's Spanish properties on his third marriage[1111]. He made a testament and a codicil dated 9 Oct 1429[1112], mostly with private provisions. The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier records the death "à Mazeras" in May 1436 of "Mossen Johan"[1113]. m firstly (Olite 12 Nov 1402) Infanta doña JUANA de Navarra, daughter of don CARLOS III "el Noble" King of Navarre & his wife Infanta doña Leonor de Castilla (1382-Béarn Jul 1413). She was recognised as heir to the throne of Navarre at Olite 3 Dec 1402. m secondly (betrothed [12 Jun 1411], 23 May 1422) JEANNE d'Albret, daughter of CHARLES [I] d'Albret Sire d'Albret [Constable of France] & his wife Marie Dame de Sully et de Craon (1403-1433). A contract dated 12 Jun 1411 records a payment made by "Archambaut comte de Foix" to "sire d´Albret Charles" for the marriage of "madame de Grelly fille dudict d´Albret"[1114]. This document is presumably misdated, assuming that the date of death of Jean´s first wife is correctly stated above. The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier records the second marriage 23 May 1422 of "Mossen Johan" and "Madona Johana de Labrit"[1115]. m thirdly (May 1436) as her first husband, doña JUANA de Urgel, daughter of don JAIME de Urgel [Aragón] Conde de Urgel & his wife Infanta doña Isabel de Aragón (Sijena 1415-1446 or after). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier records the third marriage in May 1436 of "Mossen Johan" and "Madona Johana de Arago filha del comte de Urgel"[1116]. She married secondly don Juan Ramón Folch [III] de Cardona 5th Conde de Cardona, Duque de Cardona 1482. Comte Jean & his second wife had two children:

a) GASTON [IV] de Foix (26 Feb 1423-Roncevalles 25 Jul 1472). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier records the birth 26 Feb 1422 (O.S.) of "Mossen Gaston fil de Mossen Johan et de Madona Johana de Labrit"[1117]. He succeeded his father in 1436 as Comte de Foix et de Bigorre, Vicomte de Béarn.

- see below.

b) PIERRE de Foix (-1454). Vicomte de Lautrec. m (contract 23 Jul 1449) CATHERINE d'Astarac, daughter of JEAN [III] Comte d'Astarac & his first wife Jeanne de Barbazon. Pierre & his wife had one child:

i) JEAN de Foix (-after 1498). Vicomte de Lautrec. m (25 Mar 1480) JEANNE d'Aydie, daughter of ODET d'Aydie Comte de Comminges. Descendants.

Count Jean had four illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

c) ISABELLE de Béarn (-1486). The marriage contract of Isabelle bâtarde de Béarn and Bernard Seigneur de Cauna is dated 11 May 1443: "Coneguda causa sia a totz que le jorn et an susdichs xi en may l'an cccxiij en presencie deusdichs testimonis (*) lodyt mossenher Gaston comte etc et Bernat senher de Caunar dixon que cum temps a passat fossen estatz feytz entre lodyt senher et augus autres per nom deudyt senher de Caunar sus lo matrimoni fasedor entre Ysabel de Bearn sor bastarde deudyt senher comte et lodyt senher de Caunar deusquaouas artigles s'eset la tenor"[1118]. m (11 May 1443) BERNARD Baron de Cauna et Poyaler (-[1474/87]). Descendants.

d) BERNARD de Béarn . Seigneur de Gerderest. m PRAXEDE de Caramany .

e) JEAN de Béarn . Baron de Miossens, Sénéchal de Béarn.

f) PIERRE . Abbé de Sainte-Croix, Bordeaux.

2. GASTON [IV] de Foix (-after 1455). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Mossen Johan…Mossen Gaston…captal de Buc, Mossen Archimbaud…seignor de Navalhas, Mossen Mathieu…comte de Comenge, Fray Pey de l´ordre desl Frays Menors…cardinal" as the five sons of "Mossen Archimbaud de Grailli, captal de Buc et de Puch Pauli" and his wife[1119]. Captal de Buch, Vicomte de Benauge, Comte de Longueville, Sire de Grilly. m ([1410] MARGUERITE d'Albret, daughter of ARNAUD AMANIEU [VIII] d'Albret Vicomte de Tartas & his wife Marguerite de Bourbon. The marriage contract of "Gaston comte de Foix" and "madame Marguerite d´Albret" is dated 19 May 1410[1120]. The receipt for the dowry paid by "Gaston de Foix captal de Buchz, viscomtes de Benauges" to "messire Charles d´Albret, conestable de France" for his marriage to "Marguerite d´Albret…sœur du dict d´Albret" is dated 24 Dec 1414[1121]. Gaston [IV] & his wife had three children:

a) JEAN de Foix (-1485). Comte de Benauges. He was created Earl of Kendal for services to England but relinquished the title. m ([1440]) MARGARET Kerdeston, daughter of THOMAS Kerdeston & his wife Elizabeth de la Pole of the Earls of Suffolk (after 1425-). According to Hansen, Margaret, wife of Jean de Foix, was the daughter of Elizabeth de la Pole, widow of Sir Edward Burnell (who died at Honfleur in 1415), by her second husband Thomas Kerderston whom she married in [1425][1122].

- COMTES de CANDALE.

b) ISABELLE de Foix (-1504). A document records the marriage of Pedro de Peralta and "Doña Isabel…prima de la reina Doña Catalina" which gives no precise details of her parentage[1123]. m firstly JACQUES de Pons Vicomte de Turenne. m secondly (1462) as his second wife, don PEDRO de Peralta Conde de Santisteban y Lerín, son of don PEDRO Martínez de Peralta Señor de Peralta y Andosilla [Capet-Navarra] & his wife doña Juana de Ezpeleta ([1491/92]).

c) AGNES de Foix . m PEY Poton de Lamensan .

3. ARCHAMBAUD de Foix (-killed in battle 10 Sep 1419). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Mossen Johan…Mossen Gaston…captal de Buc, Mossen Archimbaud…seignor de Navalhas, Mossen Mathieu…comte de Comenge, Fray Pey de l´ordre desl Frays Menors…cardinal" as the five sons of "Mossen Archimbaud de Grailli, captal de Buc et de Puch Pauli" and his wife[1124]. Sire de Navailles. m SANCHA de Cabrera, daughter of BERNARDO [IV] Vizconde de Cabrera & his first wife doña Timbor de Prades [Aragón] (-1474). Archambaud & his wife had one child:

a) ISABELLE de Foix . Dame de Navailles. m JEAN Vicomte de Caraman [Carmain].

4. MATHIEU de Foix (-Dec 1453). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Mossen Johan…Mossen Gaston…captal de Buc, Mossen Archimbaud…seignor de Navalhas, Mossen Mathieu…comte de Comenge, Fray Pey de l´ordre desl Frays Menors…cardinal" as the five sons of "Mossen Archimbaud de Grailli, captal de Buc et de Puch Pauli" and his wife[1125]. Comte de Comminges. m firstly (16 Jul 1419) MARGUERITE Ctss de Comminges, daughter of --- (-1443). m secondly ([1446]) CATHERINE de Coarraze, daughter of RAIMOND ARNAUD de Coarraze Baron d'Aspet (1431-after 1453). Mathieu & his second wife had two children[1126]:

a) JEANNE de Foix . m ([1460]) JEAN Vicomte de Caraman [Carmain] Baron de Saint-Félix {Haute-Garonne}.

b) MARGUERITE de Foix . m ([1471]) ANTOINE de Bonneval .

Mathieu had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

c) JEAN de Foix . Bishop of Dax and Comminges

d) JEANNE CATHERINE de Foix (-after 1470). m JEAN de Château-Verdun .

5. PIERRE de Foix (1386-Avignon 13 Dec 1464). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Mossen Johan…Mossen Gaston…captal de Buc, Mossen Archimbaud…seignor de Navalhas, Mossen Mathieu…comte de Comenge, Fray Pey de l´ordre desl Frays Menors…cardinal" as the five sons of "Mossen Archimbaud de Grailli, captal de Buc et de Puch Pauli" and his wife[1127]. Cardinal. Archbishop of Arles.

GASTON [IV] de Foix, son of JEAN [III] [de Grailly] Comte de Foix et de Bigorre Vicomte de Béarn & his wife Jeanne d'Albret (26 Feb 1423-Roncevalles 25 Jul 1472). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier records the birth 26 Feb 1422 (O.S.) of "Mossen Gaston fil de Mossen Johan et de Madona Johana de Labrit"[1128]. He succeeded his father in 1436 as Comte de Foix et de Bigorre, Vicomte de Béarn.

m (30 Jul 1436) Infanta doña LEONOR de Aragón y Navarra, daughter of don JUAN II King of Navarre, Infante de Aragón [later JUAN II King of Aragon] & his wife doña Blanca Queen of Navarre (2 Feb 1425-Tudela 12 Feb 1479). The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier records that "Mossen Gaston fil de Mossen Johan et de Madona Johana de Labrit" married "Madona Leonor infanta de Navarra"[1129]. Her father named her Lieutenant General of the Kingdom of Navarre 1464. She succeeded her father in 1479 as LEONOR I Queen of Navarre.

Comte Gaston [IV] & his wife had ten children:

1. GASTON de Foix Infante de Navarra (1444-Libourne, Gironde 23 Nov 1470, bur Bordeaux, Cathédrale Saint-André). Principe de Viana.

- KINGS of NAVARRE.

2. PIERRE de Foix Infante de Navarra (Pau 7 Feb 1449-Rome 10 Aug 1490). Bishop of Vannes. Archbishop of Arles 1476. Cardinal.

3. JEAN de Foix Infante de Navarra (after 1450-Etampes 5 Nov 1500). Comte d'Etampes, Vicomte de Narbonne. He claimed the throne of Navarre 1483-1497. m (1476) MARIE d'Orléans, daughter of CHARLES Duc d'Orléans & his third wife Maria von Kleve (Château de Blois, Loir-et-Cher 19 Dec 1457-Mazères, Ariège 1493, bur Mazères). Jean & his wife had two children:

a) GASTON de Foix (Mazères 10 Dec 1489-killed in battle Ravenna 11 Apr 1512). He succeeded his father 1500 as Comte d'Etampes, Vicomte de Narbonne. He succeeded as Comte de Foix. Created Duc de Nemours, pair de France 19 Nov 1507, registered 14 Jan 1508.

b) GERMAINE de Foix (after 1490-Liria 15 Oct 1538). m firstly (Blois 19 Oct 1505) as his second wife, don FERNANDO II "el Católico" King of Aragon, son of don JUAN II King of Aragon and Navarre & his second wife doña Juana Enríquez Señora de Casarrubios del Monte y Arroyojolinos (Soa 10 Mar 1452-Madrigalejo 25 Jan 1516). m secondly (17 Jun 1519) Johann Markgraf von Brandenburg-Ansbach, son of FRIEDRICH V "der Ältere" Markgraf von Brandenburg in Ansbach & his wife Zofia of Poland (Plassenburg 9 Jan 1493-Valencia 5 Jul 1525, bur Kloster Jerusalem near Valencia). Viceroy of Valencia 1515, 1521. m thirdly (Seville Aug 1526) as his first wife, FERNANDO de Aragón Duca di Calabria Principe di Tarento, son of FEDERIGO IV King of Naples & his first wife Anne de Savoie (Andria 15 Dec 1488-Valencia 26 Oct 1550). Viceroy of Valencia, in right of his first wife, 1526-1540, where he established a lively court which promoted theatre and music.

4. MARIE de Foix (after 1452-1467). A continuation of the Chronica Jacobi de Aquis names "Maria sorella del Cardinale de Foes" as the first wife of "Guglielmo" second son of "Zoanne Jacobo figlolo di Teodoro"[1130]. m (19 Jan 1465) as his first wife, GUGLIELMO X Marchese di Monferrato, son of GIANGIACOMO Marchese di Monferrato & his wife Jeanne de Savoie (19 Jul 1420-28 Feb 1483).

5. JEANNE de Foix (after 1454-Pau after 10 Feb 1476). m (Lectoure 19 Aug 1469) JEAN [V] Comte d'Armagnac, son of JEAN [IV] Comte d'Armagnac & his second wife Infanta doña Isabel de Navarra (1420-murdered Lectoure 5 Mar 1473, bur Lectoure Saint-Gervais).

6. MARGUERITE de Foix (after 1458-Nantes 15 May 1486, bur Nantes église des Carmélites). m (Clisson 27 Jun 1471) as his second wife, FRANÇOIS II Duke of Brittany, son of RICHARD de Bretagne Comte d'Etampes & his wife Marguerite d'Orléans Ctss de Vertus (23 Jun 1433-Coiron 9 Sep 1488, bur Nantes église des Carmélites).

7. CATHERINE de Foix (after 1460-before 1494). m (1469) GASTON [II] de Foix Comte de Candale et de Benauges, son of JEAN de Foix Comte de Benauges Earl of Kendal & his wife Margaret de la Pole of Suffolk (-1500 after 25 Mar).

8. ISABEL de Foix (after 1462-).

9. LEONOR de Foix (after 1466-young).

10. JACQUES de Foix Infante de Navarra ([1469]-in France 1500). Comte de Montfort. [m firstly (Tafala 28 Mar 1485[, divorced 1494]) doña ANA de Peralta, daughter of don PEDRO de Peralta 1^st Conde de Santisteban y Lerín & his second wife Isabelle de Grailly [Foix]. According to Yanguas, Ana was betrothed to Jacques de Foix but died before the marriage[1131].] m secondly ([1495]) doña CATALINA de Beaumont, daughter of don LUIS de Beaumont [Navarra] 2^nd Conde de Lerín & his wife doña Leonor de Aragón. Jacques & his second wife had one child:

a) JEAN de Foix . Abbé de Saint-Volusien-de-Foix.

Jacques had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:

b) FREDERIC de Foix (-1537). Señor d'Almenèches. m FRANÇOISE de Silly Dame du Fay, daughter of FRANÇOIS de Silly Seigneur de Longraye & his wife Aimée de La Fayette. Frédéric & his wife had one child:

i) JEANNE . Dame d'Almenèches. m ARMAND de Gontaut Seigneur de Saint-Geniez (-after 28 Sep 1591).

c) JACQUES de Foix (-7 Apr 1535). Bishop of Oloron 1523. Bishop of Lescar 1534.

D. SEIGNEURS de GRAILLY

The familly de Grailly originated in the castle of Grilly {Ain}, located in the Pays de Gex, near Lake Geneva. As a family name, Grailly was one of the many spellings at the time, along with Greyli, Greli, Greely etc, but became the most popular. Jean de Grailly had an outstanding career in Aquitaine where he founded the line. Archambaud de Grailly, Jean's great-grandson, founded in turn the second line of the Comtes de Foix by marrying the heiress of the county. His descendants, as was customary, dropped the name and arms of Grailly to take those of Foix. Although they did not strictly speaking belong to Toulouse nobility, the Grailly of Aquitaine will be described here, as they are the immediate ancestors of the second dynasty of Comtes de Foix. Concerning their own ancestors in the Pays de Gex, there is little knowledge beyond a sketchy list of names with a few dates, due to the absence of surviving original documents[1132]. However, it is known that they were Seigneurs de Grillly, Arbère, Sauverny {Ain, France}, Rolle, Ville-le-Grand, Arnex, Founex, Marnex, {Vaud, Switzerland}, with rights in various places such as Gingins, Coinsins {Vaud}. They were vassals of the Comtes de Genève for their possessions in the Pays de Gex, and of the Sires de Prangins in Vaud[1133]. The principal residence of the Grailly was Benauge[1134].

Gurçon was a castle at Carsac-de-Gurçon {Dordogne}.

1. NANTELME [I] de Grailly (-after 1126). "Aymo dominus de Foucigniaco" donated property to the monastery of Sixt by charter dated 1126, witnessed by "…Nantelmus de Graillié milites"[1135].

2. PIERRE de Grailly (-after [1213/15]). "Petrus de Grailie et filii eius Aymono et Johannes de Quinsim" granted rights to the Chartreuse d'Oujon by charter dated to [1213/15][1136]. m ---. The name of Pierre's wife is not known. Pierre & his wife had two children:

a) AIMON de Grailly . "Petrus de Grailie et filii eius Aymono et Johannes de Quinsim" granted rights to the Chartreuse d'Oujon by charter dated to [1213/15][1137].

b) JEAN de Grailly "de Coinsons" . "Petrus de Grailie et filii eius Aymono et Johannes de Quinsim" granted rights to the Chartreuse d'Oujon by charter dated to [1213/15][1138].

3. NANTELME de Grailly . m ---. The name of Nantelme's wife is not known. Nantelme & his wife had one child:

a) JEAN de Grailly (-after 1245). "Johannes domicellus de Grelie, domini Nantelmi militis de Grelie quondam filius" confirmed a donation to the Chartreuse d'Oujon, for the souls of "patris mei et matris mee et specialiter…domine Beatricis, filie quondam domini Lodouici de Monz", by "dicta domina Beatrix" by charter dated 1245[1139].

4. JEAN [I] de Grailly (- Grenade-sur-Garonne 1303, bur Uzeste {Gironde}). Seigneur de Grilly {Ain}, Ville-la-Grand {Haute-Savoie}, Rolle and Lavaux [olim Vallis de Lustriaco] {Vaud, Switzerland}. After visiting England about 1250, he settled in Aquitaine, where he became Vicomte de Castillon[-la Bataille] {Gironde} and Co-seigneur de Langon {Gironde} after Prince Edward of England (later King Edward I) had confiscated these places on the Bouville. Edward later gave him Benauge {now a ruined castle in Arbis, Gironde}, Illats {Gironde} and the salin de Bordeaux. Sénéchal de Gascogne 1266-1268 and again 1273-1286. Ambassador of Kings Henry III and Edward I to many European sovereigns. Sénéchal of Jérusalem and captain of the army of the French king in Syria 1272-1273. The Chronicle of Ramon Muntaner records that Edward I King of England sent "Jean d´Agrilli" to Barcelona to negotiate the marriage of his daughter to Alfonso III King of Aragon, dated to 1286[1140]. Recteur du Comtat-Venaissin 1295-1298 (Papal states). The principal residence of the Grailly in Aquitaine was Benauge, rebuilt in 1267[1141]. He testified on 6 Jun 1303[1142]. [m firstly ---. If the 1299 reference to the marriage to Jean´s daughter Catherine is correct (see below), she must have been considerably younger than her supposed brother Pierre, which suggests that they must have been born from different marriages of their father. As Jean´s wife named Beatrice is recorded as his widow in 1303, it would be chronologically difficult for her to have been the mother of both children. It is therefore assumed that Pierre was born from an otherwise unrecorded first marriage of his father.] m [secondly] BEATRICE, daughter of ---. She is named in Jean de Grailly's testament of 1303[1143]. Anselme and others conjectured that Clairmonde de Lamothe, daughter of Gaillard de Lamothe & his wife Isabelle de Landiras, was Jean [I]'s wife, to account for his wealth. Gardeau demonstrates[1144] that Clairmonde was married in 1280 by Jean de Grailly to his nephew Jean Roussel de Saint-Symphorien. Jean [I] & his [first] wife had one child:

a) PIERRE [I] de Grailly (-1290). He predeceased his father, who in his testament testament declares: "heredem suum Petrum de Geyliaco nepotem filium quondam domini Petri de Greyliaco filii dicti testatoris"[1145]. As discussed in more detail above, the chronology suggests that Pierre was born from an otherwise unrecorded first marriage of his father. Sénéchal du Bazadais {around Bazas, Gironde} in 1287. Testified in Sep 1289. m firstly TALESE (Talesia) de Bouville, daughter of --- (-1285). She was a descendant of the former Vicomtes de Bénauges and Castillon. She testified in 1285 in Pays de Gex[1146]. m secondly ROUGE d'Astarac, daughter of BERNARD [IV] Comte d´Astarac & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Pierre [I] & his first wife had [two] children:

i) PIERRE [II] de Grailly (-1356). Seigneur de Grilly, Rolle, Ville-la-Grand, Vicomte de Castillon, Captal de Buch {pagus south of Arcachon, Gironde, name derived from Latin Boii, capital of the civitas Boiatium, later a part of Novempopulania}, de iure uxoris, chevalier de la Jarretière[1147]. Testified in 1356 and was already dead in 1357. m firstly (1 Sep 1307) as her second husband, ASSALIDE de Bordeaux, dame de Puy-Paulin, Captalesse de Buch, widow of BERTRAND de l'Isle-Jourdain, daughter of PIERRE [V] de Bordeaux & his wife Comtor --- (-1328). She was heiress of her brother Pierre [VI] de Bordeaux (who was the first husband of Jeanne de Périgord, probable daughter of Hélie [IX] Comte de Périgord). Testified 2 Apr 1328[1148]. m secondly (31 Dec 1328) as her second husband, EREMBOURG [Erimburgis] de Périgord, widow of JACQUES de La Vie, daughter of HELIE [IX] TALLEYRAND Comte de Périgord & his second wife Brunissende de Foix. She is not mentioned in her father's testament dated 8 Aug 1302[1149], and the phrasing of the contract for her first marriage dated 13 Jun 1319 "Emborgem filiam bonae memoriae domini Heliae Taleyrandi comitis Petragoricensis…dicta Eremburgis cum dicto Jacobo…et quia in presenti propter defectum aetatis cujuslibet dictorum filiorum contrahi non poterat matrimonium inter eos" points to an unusually tender age[1150]. She is often named Rosemburge in secondary sources but this appears unsupported by primary sources. Pierre [II] de Grailly and his first wife had two children:

(a) JEAN [II] de Grailly (-1343). Captal de Buch, Vicomte de Castillon. Testified 31 Mar 1343. m (1328) BLANCHE de Foix, daughter of GASTON [I] Comte de Foix & his wife Jeanne d'Artois. The 15th century Chronicle of Esquerrier names "Madona Blanca…molher de Mossen Johan de Grailly captal de Buc et Puch Pauli" as the daughter of "Mossen Gaston…[et] de Madona Johanna de Artoys"[1151]. She testified 7 Aug 1363[1152]. Jean [II] de Grailly & his wife had two children:

(1) JEAN [III] de Grailly (-1369). Captal de Buch, Connétable d'Aquitaine. His testament is dated to [1367/69], sole legatee: his uncle Archambaud de Grailly[1153]. He died a prisoner at the Paris Temple. m (contract Nov 1350) ROSE d'Albret, daughter of BERNARD AIZ [V] Sire d'Albret & his second wife Mathe d'Armagnac (before Mar 1341-). The marriage contract of "madame Rousse d´Albret" and "messire Jehan captalz de Buchz" is dated Nov 1350 and confirms payment of her dowry by "monsieur Bernard Ezii son père"[1154]. The receipt for payment of the dowry of "Rouse d´Albret, femme de Jehan de Grelly captal de Buchz" is dated 12 Feb 1359[1155].

(2) GASTON de Grailly (-1362). Captal de Buch. He died of plague.

(b) BRUNISENDE de Grailly . The marriage contract of "Bernard d´Albret" and "Brunissan de Grelly" is dated Jun 1336[1156]. m (contract Jun 1336, 14 Aug 1345) BERARD [II] d´Albret Seigneur de Rions, son of BERARD [I] d´Albret Seigneur de Vertheuil & his wife Guirande de Gironde.

Pierre [II] de Grailly and his second wife had [two] children:

(c) ARCHAMBAUD de Grailly (-1413). He succeeded his nephew in 1369 as Seigneur de Grilly, de Rolle, de Ville-la-Grand, de Lavaux. Captal de Buch, Comte de Benauges, Lavaux et Longueville.

- COMTES de FOIX.

(d) [ROGETTE de Grailly . Her parentage and marriage are shown by Père Anselme, but he cites no primary source on which this information is based[1157]. m as his second wife, AIMERY [III] Seigneur de la Rochefoucauld, son of GUY [VII] Seigneur de la Rochefoucauld & his wife Agnes de Culant (-16 Sep 1362).]

ii) [CATHERINE de Grailly (-before 20 Jul 1333). A manuscript chronicle records the marriage in 1299 of "Jordanus de Insula" and "Catharinam filiam D. Joannis de Grailliaco militis" who appointed her as his heir[1158]. If Catherine´s parentage is correct as stated in this source, she must have been considerably younger than her supposed brother Pierre [I], which would suggest that she was born from a different marriage. However, another source provides an alternative parentage for Catherine: a charter dated 20 Jul 1333 records that "messire P. de Grelly" requested the part of "Catherine sa sœur sur Saincte Bazeilhe et Landaron" from the seneschal d´Agenois[1159]. This, read together with Catherine´s testament, in which she leaves this property to "messire P. de Grelly et Jehan son fils" (see below) indicates that she must have been the daughter of Pierre [I] de Grailly. Dame de Saint Bazeille: "Messire Jourdain de Lisle" donated "Saincte Bazeilhe et Landaron" to "dame Catherine de Grelly sa femme" by charter dated 7 Nov 1312[1160]. The testament of "Catherine de Grelly", published 20 Jul 1333, appoints "messire P. de Grelly et Jehan son fils" as her heirs in "Saincte Bazeilhe et Landaron"[1161]. m firstly (1299) JOURDAIN de l´Isle-Jourdain, son of JOURDAIN [V] Seigneur [Comte] de l´Isle-Jourdain & his wife Guillelme de Durfort (-1323). m secondly (1326) as his second wife, ARNAUD de Durfort Seigneur de Bajamont, son of ---.]

5. daughter . m --- Roussel de Saint-Symphorien .

a) JEAN Roussel de Saint-Symphorien . m (1280) CLAIRMONDE de Lamothe, daughter of GAILLARD de Lamothe & his wife Isabelle de Landiras.

i) GAILLARD de Saint-Symphorien . Seigneur de Landiras[1162].

E. SEIGNEURS de MIREPOIX

1. ROGER (-[23 Aug 1103/1112]). Seigneur de Mirepoix. "Rogerius de Mirapex et uxor mea…Serena…cum filio nostro Bernardo" donated property to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 23 Aug 1103, which states that the donor died on a journey to Jerusalem, the donation being confirmed later by "Serena post mortem viri mei…Bernardi filii mei cum filiis meis…Petro et Rogerio"[1163]. m firstly BELISENDE, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1112] under which her son "Petrus Rodgarius filius Belissen" swore allegiance to Bernard Aton Vicomte de Béziers for "castello de Mirapeis"[1164]. m secondly SERENA, daughter of ---. "Rogerius de Mirapex et uxor mea…Serena…cum filio nostro Bernardo" donated property to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 23 Aug 1103, which states that the donor died on a journey to Jerusalem, the donation being confirmed later by "Serena post mortem viri mei…Bernardi filii mei cum filiis meis…Petro et Rogerio"[1165]. Roger & his first wife had two children:

a) PIERRE . "Rogerius de Mirapex et uxor mea…Serena…cum filio nostro Bernardo" donated property to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 23 Aug 1103, which states that the donor died on a journey to Jerusalem, the donation being confirmed later by "Serena post mortem viri mei…Bernardi filii mei cum filiis meis…Petro et Rogerio"[1166]. Seigneur de Mirepoix. "Petrus Rodgarius filius Belissen" swore allegiance to Bernard Aton Vicomte de Béziers for "castello de Mirapeis" by charter dated to [1112][1167].

b) ROGER . "Rogerius de Mirapex et uxor mea…Serena…cum filio nostro Bernardo" donated property to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 23 Aug 1103, which states that the donor died on a journey to Jerusalem, the donation being confirmed later by "Serena post mortem viri mei…Bernardi filii mei cum filiis meis…Petro et Rogerio"[1168]. "Rogerius de Mirapeix" swore allegiance to "Rodgerio comiti Fuxensi filio Rodgerii et Stephaniæ" for "castellum Mirapeiz" by charter dated to [1129][1169].

Roger & his second wife had one child:

c) BERNARD . "Rogerius de Mirapex et uxor mea…Serena…cum filio nostro Bernardo" donated property to the abbey of Grasse by charter dated 23 Aug 1103, which states that the donor died on a journey to Jerusalem, the donation being confirmed later by "Serena post mortem viri mei…Bernardi filii mei cum filiis meis…Petro et Rogerio"[1170].

1. PIERRE ROGER (-after 27 Mar 1223). Seigneur de Mirepoix. "Petrus Rogerii de Mirapice et...Esquivus eius filius..." granted customs at Mirepoix, guaranteed by "Raimundus Rogerius comes Fuxi et Rogerius Bernardi eius filius", by charter dated 19 May 1207[1171]. "Domini...castri Mirapiscis...Petrus Rogerius et Ysarnus eius frater" made commitments to "domino Raimundo Rogerio comiti Fuxi et filio vestro Rogerio Bernardo" by charter dated 27 Mar 1223[1172]. m ---. The name of Pierre Roger´s wife is not known. Pierre Roger & his wife had one child:

a) ESCHIVAT . "Petrus Rogerii de Mirapice et...Esquivus eius filius..." granted customs at Mirepoix, guaranteed by "Raimundus Rogerius comes Fuxi et Rogerius Bernardi eius filius", by charter dated 19 May 1207[1173].

2. ISARN (-after 27 Mar 1223). "Domini...castri Mirapiscis...Petrus Rogerius et Ysarnus eius frater" made commitments to "domino Raimundo Rogerio comiti Fuxi et filio vestro Rogerio Bernardo" by charter dated 27 Mar 1223[1174].

Chapter 6. COMTES de GEVAUDAN

The territory of the former comté de Gévaudan coincides broadly with the present-day French département of Lozère. The first reference identified to a comte de Gévaudun is to Comte Pons in 998. However, his ancestors can be traced for three generations as shown below. No further comte de Gévaudan is recorded after the death of Pons, which is dated to [1013/16]. The vicomtes de Millau are also recorded as vicomtes de Gévaudun during the 11th century (see Chapter 10.C of the present document). This suggests that jurisdiction over the county must have passed to the comtes de Toulouse, although the primary source which confirms that this is correct has not yet been identified. The vicomté de Gévaudan passed to the comtes de Provence in the late 11th century, as a result of the marriage of Girbert Vicomte de Gévaudan et de Millau with Gerberge, daughter of Geoffroy Comte de Provence. It is not known whether the county of Gévaudan was still held by the comtes de Toulouse after that time.

1. BERTELAND . "Vivianus" donated property "in villa…Antonio" to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "Bertelandi genitoris mei et genitricis meæ Viviana, sive…Bernardi germani mei" by charter dated 898, which also specifies that the donor hoped that the property in question would pass to "senior meus Heralius" after his death[1175]. m VIVIANA, daughter of ---. "Vivianus" donated property "in villa…Antonio" to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "Bertelandi genitoris mei et genitricis meæ Viviana, sive…Bernardi germani mei" by charter dated 898, which also specifies that the donor hoped that the property in question would pass to "senior meus Heraclius" after his death[1176]. Berteland & his wife had two children:

a) BERNARD (-after 911). "Vivianus" donated property "in villa…Antonio" to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "Bertelandi genitoris mei et genitricis meæ Viviana, sive…Bernardi germani mei" by charter dated 898, which also specifies that the donor hoped that the property in question would pass to "senior meus Heralius" after his death[1177].

b) VIVIEN (-after 898). "Vivianus" donated property "in villa…Antonio" to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "Bertelandi genitoris mei et genitricis meæ Viviana, sive…Bernardi germani mei" by charter dated 898, which also specifies that the donor hoped that the property in question would pass to "senior meus Heralius" after his death[1178].

1. HERACLE (-after 898). A charter dated 22 Apr 876 records "Bertranno vicis-comite" in "Nemause civitate" and "Eralii vicis-comite"[1179]. "Eralii viciscomite" has not been identified positively, although his name suggests a connection with the future vicomtes de Polignac. "Vivianus" donated property "in villa…Antonio" to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "Bertelandi genitoris mei et genitricis meæ Viviana, sive…Bernardi germani mei" by charter dated 898, which also specifies that the donor hoped that the property in question would pass to "senior meus Heralius" after his death[1180]. same person as…? HERACLE (-[907/26]). m GODA, daughter of ---. "Bertrandus et uxor mea Emildis et Stephanus filius noster" donated property "in villa…Antonio" to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "genitoris mei et genetricis meæ Godanæ" by charter dated 937[1181]. "Goda et filius meus Bertrandus" donated property "in pago Vellaico in vicaria de Vetula civitate in villa…Vallilias" to Saint-Julien de Brioude by charter dated Jun 971 (although the document would appear misdated if the reconstruction of this family is correct as shown here)[1182]. Heraclius & his wife had one child:

a) BERTRAND (-after 943). "Acfredus" donated property to Saint-Julien de Brioude, except the part belonging to "fideli meo Bertranno filio Eralii", by charter dated 11 Oct [927][1183]. Bertrandus et uxor mea Emildis et Stephanus filius noster" donated property "in villa…Antonio" to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "genitoris mei et genetricis meæ Godanæ" by charter dated 937[1184]. "Bertrandus et et Emilgardis uxor eius et Stephanus, eorum filius et uxor eius Annanis" donated property "in villa…Antonio" to Saint-Julien de Brioude by charter dated 943[1185]. "Goda et filius meus Bertrandus" donated property "in pago Vellaico in vicaria de Vetula civitate in villa…Vallilias" to Saint-Julien de Brioude by charter dated Jun 971 (although the document would appear misdated if the reconstruction of this family is correct as shown here)[1186]. m EMILDE, daughter of --- (-after 943). "Bertrandus et uxor mea Emildis et Stephanus filius noster" donated property "in villa…Antonio" to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "genitoris mei et genetricis meæ Godanæ" by charter dated 937[1187]. Settipani proposes tentatively[1188] that she was the daughter of Etienne Vicomte de Brioude & his wife Ermengarde ---. Bertrand & his wife had one child:

i) ETIENNE de Brioude (-before [975]). "Bertrandus et uxor mea Emildis et Stephanus filius noster" donated property "in villa…Antonio" to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "genitoris mei et genetricis meæ Godanæ" by charter dated 937[1189].

- see below.

ETIENNE de Brioude, son of BERTRAND & his wife Emilde --- (-before [970/75]). "Bertrandus et uxor mea Emildis et Stephanus filius noster" donated property "in villa…Antonio" to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "genitoris mei et genetricis meæ Godanæ" by charter dated 937[1190]. "Stephanus filius quondam Bertrandi et Emildis" restored property "manso…Lacus" to Saint-Julien de Brioude which he had usurped after his father died by undated charter, signed by "domina Adalaiz…mariti sui Stephani atque filiorum suorum Poncii et Bertranni"[1191]. According to Settipani, Etienne was not "Comte de Gévaudan", although his descendants by his second wife later possessed the counties of Gévaudan, Brioude and Forez[1192].

m firstly ANNE, daughter of ---. "Bertrandus et et Emilgardis uxor eius et Stephanus, eorum filius et uxor eius Annanis" donated property "in villa…Antonio" to Saint-Julien de Brioude by charter dated 943[1193].

m secondly ([950/60]) as her first husband, ADELAIS d'Anjou, daughter of FOULQUES II "le Bon" Comte d’Anjou & his first wife Gerberge --- ([940/50]-1026, bur Montmajour, near Arles). Her parentage and first marriage are confirmed by the Chronicle of Saint-Pierre du Puy which names "comes Gaufridus cognomento Grisogonella…Pontius et Bertrandus eius nepotes…matre eorum Adalaide sorore ipsius"[1194], the brothers Pons and Bertrand being confirmed in other sources as the sons of Etienne de Brioude, for example the charter dated 1000 under which "duo germani fratres…Pontius, alter Bertrandus" donated property to Saint-Chaffre for the souls of "patris sui Stephani matrisque nomine Alaicis"[1195]. "Stephanus filius quondam Bertrandi et Emildis" restored property "manso…Lacus" to Saint-Julien de Brioude which he had usurped after his father died by undated charter, signed by "domina Adalaiz…mariti sui Stephani atque filiorum suorum Poncii et Bertranni"[1196]. Adelais's second and third marriages are confirmed by Richer who records the marriage of Louis and "Adelaidem, Ragemundi nuper defuncti ducis Gothorum uxorem" and their coronation as king and queen of Aquitaine[1197]. The Chronicon Andegavensi names "Blanchiam filiam Fulconis Boni comitis Andegavensis" as wife of the successor of "Lotharius rex Francorum", but confuses matters by stating that the couple were parents of "filiam Constantiam" wife of Robert II King of France[1198]. The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence names "Blanchiam" as the wife of "Lotharius rex…Ludovicum filium" but does not give her origin[1199]. She was crowned Queen of Aquitaine with her third husband on the day of their marriage. The Libro de Otiis Imperialibus names "Blanchiam" as wife of "Ludovicus puer [filius Lotharii]"[1200]. Rodulfus Glaber refers to the unnamed wife of "Ludowicum" as "ab Aquitanis partibus uxorem", recounting that she tricked him into travelling to Aquitaine where "she left him and attached herself to her own family"[1201]. Richer records her marriage with "Wilelmum Arelatensem" after her divorce from Louis[1202]. Her fourth marriage is confirmed by the Historia Francorum which names "Blanca sorore Gaufridi comitis Andegavensis" as wife of "Guillelmi comitis Arelatensis"[1203]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Blanche comitisse Arelatensis" as mother of "Constantia [uxor Robertus rex]", specifying that she was "soror Gaufridi Grisagonelli"[1204]. The Gesta Consulum Andegavorum names "Blanca sorore eius" ( "eius" referring incorrectly to Foulques "Nerra" Comte d'Anjou) as wife of "Guillelmi Arelatensis comitis" and as mother of Constance, wife of Robert II King of France[1205]. "Adalaiz comitissa" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1003[1206]. This charter is subscribed by "Emma comitissa…Wilelmus comes", the second of whom was presumably the son of Adelais but the first of whom has not been identified. "Pontius…Massiliensis ecclesie pontifex" issued a charter dated 1005 with the consent of "domni Rodhbaldi comitis et domne Adalaizis comitisse, domnique Guillelmi comitis filii eius"[1207]. "Adalax comitissa mater Villelmi quondam Provintie comitis et Geriberga eque comitissa…eiusdem principis olim uxor" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of their late son and husband respectively by charter dated 1018[1208]. No explanation has been found for her having been named Adelais in some sources and Blanche in others, as it is difficult to interpret these documents to mean that they referred to two separate individuals. Adelais's supposed fifth marriage is deduced from the following: Count Othon-Guillaume's wife is named Adelais in several charters[1209], and Pope Benedict VIII refers to "domnæ Adeleidi comitissæ cognomento Blanchæ" with "nuruique eius domnæ Gerbergæ comitissæ" when addressing her supposed husband in a document dated Sep 1016[1210], Gerberga presumably being Count Othon-Guillaume's daughter by his first wife who was the widow of Adelaide-Blanche d´Anjou's son by her fourth husband. However, the document in question appears not to specify that "domnæ Adeleidi…" was the wife of Othon Guillaume and the extracts seen (the full text has not yet been consulted) do not permit this conclusion to be drawn. It is perfectly possible that the Pope named Adelais-Blanche in the letter only in reference to her relationship to Othon Guillaume´s daughter. If her fifth marriage is correct, Adelais would have been considerably older than her new husband, and probably nearly sixty years old when she married (Othon-Guillaume's first wife died in [1002/04]), which seems unlikely. Another difficulty is presented by three entries dated 1018, 1024 and 1026 which appear to link Adelais to Provence while, if the fifth marriage was correct, she would have been with her husband (whose death is recorded in Sep 1026) in Mâcon. These entries are: firstly, "Adalax comitissa mater Villelmi quondam Provintie comitis et Geriberga eque comitissa…eiusdem principis olim uxor" donated property to Saint-Victor de Marseille for the soul of their late son and husband respectively by charter dated 1018[1211]; secondly, "Vuilelmus filius Rodbaldi" donated property "in comitatu Aquense in valle…Cagnanam" to Marseille Saint-Victor by charter dated 1024, signed by "Adalaiz comitissa, Vuilelmus comes filius Rodbaldi"[1212]; and thirdly, a manuscript written by Arnoux, monk at Saint-André-lès-Avignon, records the death in 1026 of "Adalax comitissa"[1213]. The necrology of Saint-Pierre de Mâcon records the death "IV Kal Jun" of "Adalasia comitissa vocata regali progenie orta"[1214]. She married secondly ([970/75]) [as his second wife,] Raymond IV Comte de Toulouse, thirdly (Vieux-Brioude, Haute-Loire 982, divorced 984) Louis associate King of the Franks [later Louis V King of the Franks], fourthly ([984/86]) as his second wife, Guillaume II "le Libérateur" Comte d'Arles Marquis de Provence, and fifthly (before 1016) as his second wife, Othon Guillaume Comte de Mâcon et de Nevers [Bourgogne-Comté].] An enquiry dated 2 Jan 1215 records that "comitissa Blanca" was buried "apud Montem Majorem"[1215].

Etienne & his first wife had [one possible child]:

1. [EMILDE (-after [993/1002]). Europäische Stammtafeln[1216] names the wife of Rotbald [II] as "Emilde de Gévaudun" but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. Szabolcs de Vajay suggests[1217] that she was the daughter of Etienne Vicomte de Gévaudan. m ROTBALD [II] Comte de Provence, son of BOSON [II] Comte d'Arles & his wife Constantia --- (-[1008]).]

Etienne & his second wife had [four] children:

2. PONS (-murdered [26 Feb 1011/1016]). "Stephanus filius quondam Bertrandi et Emildis" restored property "manso…Lacus" to Saint-Julien de Brioude which he had usurped after his father died by undated charter, signed by "domina Adalaiz…mariti sui Stephani atque filiorum suorum Poncii et Bertranni"[1218]. "Episcopus sedis Aniciensis Vuido" names "Pontii comitis nepotis sui fratrisque eius Bertrandi" in a charter dated 13 Apr 997[1219]. Comte de Gévaudan. "Poncius…comes…Gabalitanensis telluris necnon et Forensis patriæ" donated "ecclesiam Langat…in comitatu Gabalitensi, aliam ecclesiam…Favairolas…" to Saint-Julien de Brioude, for the souls of "genitorum suorum Stephani et Alais et uxoris eius Theotbergæ et filiorum eius Stephani et Poncii vel fratrum eius Bertrandi et Willelmus et nepotum eius Stephani, Rotberti et Willelmi", by charter dated Feb [1010], signed by "Roberti vicecomitis, Willelmi fratris eius…"[1220]. "Stephanus vicecomes Gabalitanensium cum coniuge mea Aiamolde" founded the monastery of Langogne "in comitatu Gabalitano in vicaria Miliacense in villa…Lingonia secus ripam fluvii Elerii", with the consent of "…Rigaldi fratris mei et Urbani, filiique eius Simonis, Pontii quoque comitis ac Bertrandi fratrum", and donated property including "in comitatu Vivariensi" by charter dated 998[1221]. "Duo germani fratres…Pontius, alter Bertrandus" donated property to Saint-Chaffre for the souls of "patris sui Stephani matrisque nomine Alaicis" by charter dated 1000[1222]. The Chronicle of Saint-Pierre du Puy names "comes Gaufridus cognomento Grisogonella…Pontius et Bertrandus eius nepotes…matre eorum Adalaide sorore ipsius"[1223]. "Poncius…comes…Gabalitanensis" donated property to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "genitorum meorum Stephani et Alaiz et uxoris meæ Theotberganæ et filiis meis Stephani et Poncii, vel fratribus meis Bertrando et Villelmo et nepotibus meis [Stephanum], Robertum atque Villelmum" by charter dated Feb 1011, subscribed by "Stephanus vicecomes…Rotberti vicecomitis, W. fratris sui…"[1224]. The Liber miraculorum Sanctæ Fidæ name "Arsendis, uxor Vuillelmi Tholosani comitis, fratris…Pontii" and specify that the latter was murdered by "Artaldo…privigno suo", in revenge for the repudiation of his mother, Pons's second wife[1225]. m firstly ---. This first marriage is demonstrated by the chronology of Pons´s children which shows that they could not have been born from his marriage to Theutberga. m secondly ([1001/08], repudiated) as her second husband, THEUTBERGA, widow of ARTAUD Comte [de Lyon et de Forez], daughter of ---]. "Poncius…comes…Gabalitanensis telluris necnon et Forensis patriæ" donated "ecclesiam Langat…in comitatu Gabalitensi, aliam ecclesiam…Favairolas…" to Saint-Julien de Brioude, for the souls of "genitorum suorum Stephani et Alais et uxoris eius Theotbergæ et filiorum eius Stephani et Poncii vel fratrum eius Bertrandi et Willelmus et nepotum eius Stephani, Rotberti et Willelmi", by charter dated Feb [1010], signed by "Roberti vicecomitis, Willelmi fratris eius…"[1226]. Her first marriage is confirmed by the Liber miraculorum Sanctæ Fidæ which specifies that "Pontii" was murdered by "Artaldo…privigno suo"[1227]. m thirdly ---. According to Settipani, Pons repudiated his second wife in order to marry a third wife but he cites no source which confirms this third marriage[1228]. Pons & his first wife had [three] children:

a) ETIENNE (-murdered 1013). "Poncius…comes…Gabalitanensis telluris necnon et Forensis patriæ" donated "ecclesiam Langat…in comitatu Gabalitensi, aliam ecclesiam…Favairolas…" to Saint-Julien de Brioude, for the souls of "genitorum suorum Stephani et Alais et uxoris eius Theotbergæ et filiorum eius Stephani et Poncii vel fratrum eius Bertrandi et Willelmus et nepotum eius Stephani, Rotberti et Willelmi", by charter dated Feb [1010], signed by "Roberti vicecomitis, Willelmi fratris eius…"[1229]. Bishop of Clermont 1011.

b) PONS (-after Feb [1010]). "Poncius…comes…Gabalitanensis telluris necnon et Forensis patriæ" donated "ecclesiam Langat…in comitatu Gabalitensi, aliam ecclesiam…Favairolas…" to Saint-Julien de Brioude, for the souls of "genitorum suorum Stephani et Alais et uxoris eius Theotbergæ et filiorum eius Stephani et Poncii vel fratrum eius Bertrandi et Willelmus et nepotum eius Stephani, Rotberti et Willelmi", by charter dated Feb [1010], signed by "Roberti vicecomitis, Willelmi fratris eius…"[1230].

c) [ADELAIDE . Auguste Bernard quotes a charter dated “VIII Id Feb Regis Rodulpho regnante” under which Gérard donated the church of Saint-Pierre d´Aurec to the abbey of La Cluse which names his wife “Adalaix” and his sons Artaud and “Gauffredus seu Vuilelmus”[1231]. According to Auguste Bernard, she was the daughter of Pons de Gévaudun, but he does not cite the source on which this is based[1232]. m GERAUD Comte de Forez, son of ARTAUD [II] Comte de Forez & his wife Theutberga --- (-[5 Mar] after 1046).

3. BERTRAND . "Stephanus filius quondam Bertrandi et Emildis" restored property "manso…Lacus" to Saint-Julien de Brioude which he had usurped after his father died by undated charter, signed by "domina Adalaiz…mariti sui Stephani atque filiorum suorum Poncii et Bertranni"[1233]. "Episcopus sedis Aniciensis Vuido" names "Pontii comitis nepotis sui fratrisque eius Bertrandi" in a charter dated 13 Apr 997[1234]. "Stephanus vicecomes Gabalitanensium cum coniuge mea Aiamolde" founded the monastery of Langogne "in comitatu Gabalitano in vicaria Miliacense in villa…Lingonia secus ripam fluvii Elerii", with the consent of "…Rigaldi fratris mei et Urbani, filiique eius Simonis, Pontii quoque comitis ac Bertrandi fratrum", and donated property including "in comitatu Vivariensi" by charter dated 998[1235]. "Duo germani fratres…Pontius, alter Bertrandus" donated property to Saint-Chaffre for the souls of "patris sui Stephani matrisque nomine Alaicis" by charter dated 1000[1236]. "Poncius…comes…Gabalitanensis" donated property to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "genitorum meorum Stephani et Alaiz et uxoris meæ Theotberganæ et filiis meis Stephani et Poncii, vel fratribus meis Bertrando et Villelmo et nepotibus meis [Stephanum], Robertum atque Villelmum" by charter dated Feb 1011, subscribed by "Stephanus vicecomes…Rotberti vicecomitis, W. fratris sui…"[1237]. The Chronicle of Saint-Pierre du Puy names "comes Gaufridus cognomento Grisogonella…Pontius et Bertrandus eius nepotes…matre eorum Adalaide sorore ipsius"[1238].

4. [HUMBERGE [Ermengarde] ([970/75]-). "Umberga" donated property to Sauxillanges for the souls of "senioris mei Vuillelmi et…filiorum meorum tam vivis quam etiam defunctis" by charter dated to [1000/10][1239]. "Domni Stephani episcopi, domni Rotberti, domni Vuillelmi, Umbergane comitisse matris eorum" signed a charter dated to [1013/21] under which property was donated to Sauxillanges[1240]. There is doubt about Humberge's parentage but the hypothesis shown here appears to provide the best solution to various chronological difficulties. The Flandria Generosa names "Ermengardis comitissa Arvenensis" as sister of "Constantia regina Francorum", when outlining the basis for the consanguinity between their great-great-grandchildren, Baudouin VII Count of Flanders and [Hawise] de Bretagne, which provided the grounds for the couple's separation[1241]. It has been assumed in many secondary sources[1242] that this passage means that "Ermengarde" was the full sister of Queen Constance (who was the third wife of Robert II King of France) and therefore that she was the daughter of Guillaume [II] Comte de Provence by his second marriage to Adelais d'Anjou. However, this is chronologically impossible. The marriage of "Ermengarde's" daughter, also named Ermengarde, to Eudes II Comte de Blois, is dated to 1005 according to the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois Fontaines[1243]. Even if this date is inaccurate, the estimated birth date of Ermengarde junior's eldest son is [1010], and the marriage of her daughter is dated to 1018 (although the chronology suggests that this may have been an infant betrothal or marriage). Assuming that there is a degree of accuracy in these three dates, the daughter of "Ermengarde" Ctss d'Auvergne could not have been born later than [995] at the latest. This places the birth of "Ermengarde" senior to [980] at the very latest, about five years before Adelais's marriage to Guillaume Comte de Provence. Given that Adelais's third marriage to Louis V King of the West Franks was childless, and her second marriage to Raymond IV Comte de Toulouse was brief, it is therefore most likely that "Ermengarde" was Adelais's daughter by her first marriage to Etienne de Brioude. Some corroboration for this hypothesis is found in the charter dated 1011 under which "Poncius comes Gabalitanensis" (who was the son of Adelais d'Anjou by her marriage to Etienne de Brioude) donated property to Saint-Julien de Brioude, for the souls of "genitorum suorum Stephani et Alais et uxoris eius Theotbergæ et filiorum eius Stephani et Poncii vel fratrum eius Bertrandi et Willelmus et nepotum eius Stephani, Rotberti et Willelmi", by charter dated Feb [1010], signed by "Roberti vicecomitis, Willelmi fratris eius…"[1244]. In this scenario, Etienne, Robert and Guillaume would be the sons of Pons's full sister "Ermengarde" Ctss d'Auvergne. However, this raises yet more difficulties. The secondary sources also assume that "Ermengarde's" husband was Robert [I] Comte d'Auvergne. However, the only known son of Comte Robert [I] was Guillaume [V] Comte d'Auvergne. Assuming that the "nepotes" of Comte Pons are named in order of seniority in the 1011 charter, "Vuillelmi" would have been the youngest brother. No other reference has been to found to his assumed older brothers Etienne and Robert. In any case, it is unlikely that Guillaume [V] Comte d'Auvergne would have been born much before [995/1000] for consistency with the dates of his marriage and his death. If this is correct, it would raise doubts about the use of the title "vicecomes" in the 1011 charter, as their father would still have been at the height of his power. All these difficulties would be solved if the "nepotes" of Comte Pons were in fact the three known sons of Guillaume [IV] Comte d'Auvergne, not of Robert [I] Comte d'Auvergne. If this is correct, "Ermengarde" would in fact have been "Humberge", who, as shown above, is named in other primary sources as the wife of Comte Guillaume. m GUILLAUME [IV] Comte d'Auvergne, son of [GUY Comte d'Auvergne & his wife Ausenda ---] (-[1016]).

Chapter 7. COMTES de MELGUEIL

Melgueil is now known as Mauguio {Hérault}. However, the ancient form of the name is too widely known to be changed in this document. Substantion is near Castelnau-le-Lez {Hérault}. The cathedral of Maguelone was built in the territory of the comté de Melgueil but is now a ruin in Villeneuve-lès-Maguelone {Hérault}. The town of Montpellier also later developed in the same area. Isolated references to comtes de Melgueil are found in primary sources from the late 8th century. These are shown in Part A of this chapter, but any family reconstruction on the basis of this information would be guesswork. Pierre Comte de Melgueil recognised the suzerainty of the Pope 27 Apr 1085, and was confirmed as Comte de Melgueil, Maguelone et Substantion for life. In 1172, Beatrix Ctss de Melgueil disinherited her son Bertrand and appointed her daughter Ermessende as her successor in the county. Ermessende was married later the same year to Raymond de Toulouse (who later succeeded as Raymond VI Comte de Toulouse) and transferred the county to her husband by her testament dated 1176. Bertrand unsuccessfully contested these arrangements, seeking support from Alfonso II King of Aragon to whom he swore homage in 1172[1245]. The comtes de Toulouse ruled Melgueil until 1211 when Pope Innocent III enfeoffed it to the bishop of Maguelone.

A. COMTES de SUBSTANTION et de MELGUEIL

1. AIGULF . [752] . Ardo's Life of St Benedict names "pater eius [St Benoît d'Aniane] Aigulfus…Magalonensis comes"[1246].

a) WITIZA ([750-Aachen 821). He was known as Benoît d'Aniane, and founded the abbey of Aniane {Hérault][1247]. Both his and his father's names are indicative of Visigoth ancestry.

2. AMICUS . Comte. The acts of the Council of Narbonne 778 name "…Amicum Magalonensem comitem" as a witness for Justin Bishop of Agde[1248].

3. ROBERT . A charter of Emperor Louis I "le Pieux" in favour of Argemire Bishop of Maguelone names "…in territorio Magalonensi…sicuti eam Robertus comes"[1249].

4. ADOLPHE . A charter of Emperor Louis I "le Pieux" ordered the execution of his orders by Adolphe which his predecessor Comte Robert had not completed "in pago Juviniaco et apud Juncherias"[1250].

5. ERNEST . A necrology of the church of Substantion names comte Ernest[1251].

6. EVERARD . An inventory of assets at the time of the separation of Montpellier into the bourgs of Montpellier and Montpellieret, dated to [812/17] names comte Everard[1252].

7. --- (-before 26 Jan 899 or [922]). m GUILLEMETTE [Willelma], daughter of --- (-after 26 Jan 899 or [922]). The testament of "Guillerma", dated 26 Jan [922] ("anno III regnante Carlo rege"), chooses her burial "in ecclesia Sancti Petri sedis Magalone", and names "Bernardo comiti filio suo"[1253]. The document is dated 29 Jan 899 in the cartulary of Maguelone[1254]. The names of her descendants suggests a relationship with the family of St Guillaume. One child:

a) BERNARD [I] . The testament of "Guillerma" is dated 26 Jan [922], chooses her burial "in ecclesia Sancti Petri sedis Magalone", and names "Bernardo comiti filio suo"[1255]. The document is dated 29 Jan 899 in the cartulary of Maguelone[1256]. Comte de Melgueil et de Substantion. m ---. The name of Bernard's wife is not known. Bernard [I] & his wife had [three] children:

i) BERENGER [I] (-[947/80]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Melgueil. m GUISLE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Berenger [I] & his wife had two children:

(a) BERENGER [II] (-before 980). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Melgueil[1257].

(b) BERNARD [II] (-before 989). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Melgueil.

- see below.

ii) [GUILLAUME (Willelmus)][1258]. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.]

iii) BLITGARDIS . The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m ---. Four children:

(a) PONS (-before 988). Fulcran Bishop of Lodève, in his testament dated 988, donated property for the soul of "Pontii germani mei et…Guidonis", specifying that had received vineyards from Guy[1259].

(b) FULCRAN [Fulchramnus] (-13 Feb 1006). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He was educated by Thierry Bishop of Lodève, and was archdeacon of Maguelone at the time of his mentor's death 7 Jan 949. He was elected as Bishop of Lodève 7 Feb 940. Testified 988[1260].

(c) daughter . Arnaud de Verdale, a later bishop of Maguelone, recorded that the domains of Montpellier and Montpelléret ("Montispessulani et Montispessualanuli ville cum adjacentiis suis") were donated to the church of Maguelone by "due quondam…sorores, altera quarum Montempessulanum, Montempessulanulum altera" and that "Fulcranus, a Substantionensium comitum stemmate maternum sanguinem ducens, Magalonensis archidiaconus, gloriosissimus postmodum Lodovensis episcopus" was their brother[1261]. same person as…? ENGELRADA [Ingilrada/Aurucia] (-after 975). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Granddaughter of Bernard [I] Comte de Melgueil. Settipani suggests that the wife of Guy was the daughter of an otherwise unknown son of Comte Bernard named Guillaume. However, as Guy was subsequently enfeoffed with the part originally called Montpellier by Bishop Ricuin[1262], it seems more reasonable to suppose that his wife was one of the original donors. This of course assumes that the later report of the donation is accurate. m GUY, son of ---.

(d) daughter . Arnaud de Verdale, a later bishop of Maguelone, recorded that the domains of Montpellier and Montpelléret ("Montispessulani et Montispessualanuli ville cum adjacentiis suis") were donated to the church of Maguelone by "due quondam…sorores, altera quarum Montempessulanum, Montempessulanulum altera" and that "Fulcranus, a Substantionensium comitum stemmate maternum sanguinem ducens, Magalonensis archidiaconus, gloriosissimus postmodum Lodovensis episcopus" was their brother[1263].

BERNARD [II] de Melgueil, son of BERENGER [I] Comte de Melgeuil & his wife Guisle --- (-before 989). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Comte de Melgueil. "Bernardus comes et uxor mea Senegundis" donated property "in civitatis Magalonensis in suburbia castri Substantionensis in terminio de villa Candianicus…et in terminio de Monte-Pestellario" to "Guillelmo" by charter dated 26 Nov 985[1264].

m SENEGONDE, daughter of ---. "Bernardus comes et uxor mea Senegundis" donated property "in civitatis Magalonensis in suburbia castri Substantionensis in terminio de villa Candianicus…et in terminio de Monte-Pestellario" to "Guillelmo" by charter dated 26 Nov 985[1265]. Settipani suggests that her name suggests a close relationship with the family of Rouergue[1266]. "Senegundis comitissa et filius meus Petrus episcopus et nepos meus Bernardus comes et alius nepos meus Petrus et nepotes meae Adalais, et Constancia et Willelma" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Guillem under her testament dated 20 Feb [989][1267].

Comte Bernard [II] & his wife had [three] children:

1. son (-[26 Nov 985/20 Feb 989]). His existence, and death before his mother, is confirmed by the testament dated 20 Feb [989] under which "Senegundis comitissa et filius meus Petrus episcopus et nepos meus Bernardus comes et alius nepos meus Petrus et nepotes meae Adalais, Constancia et Willelma" donated property[1268]. It is not known whether he also predeceased his father, in which case the succession to Melgueil would have passed directly to his son. Settipani suggests that his name may have been Bérenger[1269]. m ---. The name of his wife is not known. --- de Melgueil & his wife had five children:

a) BERNARD [III] (-before 1048). "Senegundis comitissa et filius meus Petrus episcopus et nepos meus Bernardus comes et alius nepos meus Petrus et nepotes meae Adalais, et Constancia et Willelma" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Guillem under her testament dated 20 Feb [989][1270]. He succeeded as Comte de Melgueil in 989 or before. "Bernardus comes" donated the church of Sainte-Croix de Melgueil to the monastery of Cluse by charter dated 27 Jul 1010[1271]. m ADELA [Sala], daughter of ---. Ctss de Substantion 23 Dec 1066. "Adella comitissa et filius meus Raimundus et uxor eius Beatrix" donated property to the church of Maguelone by charter dated 24 Dec 1055[1272]. Comte Bernard [III] & his wife had one child:

i) RAYMOND [I] (-before 1079). "Adella comitissa et filius meus Raimundus et uxor eius Beatrix" donated property to the church of Maguelone by charter dated 24 Dec 1055[1273]. Comte de Melgueil.

- see below.

b) PIERRE . "Senegundis comitissa et filius meus Petrus episcopus et nepos meus Bernardus comes et alius nepos meus Petrus et nepotes meae Adalais, et Constancia et Willelma" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Guillem under her testament dated 20 Feb [989][1274].

c) ADELAIS . "Senegundis comitissa et filius meus Petrus episcopus et nepos meus Bernardus comes et alius nepos meus Petrus et nepotes meae Adalais, et Constancia et Willelma" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Guillem under her testament dated 20 Feb [989][1275].

d) CONSTANCE . "Senegundis comitissa et filius meus Petrus episcopus et nepos meus Bernardus comes et alius nepos meus Petrus et nepotes meae Adalais, et Constancia et Willelma" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Guillem under her testament dated 20 Feb [989][1276].

e) GUILLEMETTE . "Senegundis comitissa et filius meus Petrus episcopus et nepos meus Bernardus comes et alius nepos meus Petrus et nepotes meae Adalais, et Constancia et Willelma" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Guillem under her testament dated 20 Feb [989][1277].

2. PIERRE (-1025 or after). "Senegundis comitissa et filius meus Petrus episcopus et nepos meus Bernardus comes et alius nepos meus Petrus et nepotes meae Adalais, et Constancia et Willelma" donated property to the abbey of Saint-Guillem under her testament dated 20 Feb [989][1278]. Bishop of Maguelone 979-1025. "Rodgarius comes…cum Adalissa comitissa conjuge mea et Regimundo sobole" donated property "alodem meum de Corniliano" to the monastery of Saint-Hilaire, Carcassonne by charter dated 979, signed by "Adalaissæ comitissæ, Arnaudi comitis […], Regimundi sobolis meæ"[1279]. Jaurgain points out that the words "filii Adalisse, Petri episcopi et comitis" should be added in the subscription list (where shown by square brackets) stating that they were omitted from the edition of the charter quoted in the third edition of the Histoire Générale de Languedoc[1280].

3. [ADELAIS (-after 1011). "Rodgarius comes…cum Adalissa comitissa conjuge mea et Regimundo sobole" donated property "alodem meum de Corniliano" to the monastery of Saint-Hilaire, Carcassonne by charter dated 979, signed by "Adalaissæ comitissæ, Arnaudi comitis […], Regimundi sobolis meæ"[1281]. The origin of the wife of Roger [I] Comte de Carcassonne is unknown, although her first marriage is indicated by the reference to her son, presumably by this earlier marriage, in the charter just cited. Stasser has suggested that she was the daughter of Bernard Comte de Melgueil and his wife Sénégonde [de Rouergue], based on onomastic arguments[1282]. He suggests that "Petrus episcopus et comes" who subscribed the 979 charter may have been Pierre de Melgueil bishop of Maguelone, who would have been Adelais's brother.] m firstly ---. The name of Adelais's first husband is not known. m secondly (before Apr 970) ROGER [I] "le Vieux" Comte de Carcassonne, son of ARNAUD Comte de Comminges et de Couserans & his wife Arsinde de Carcassonne (-after Apr 1011). Adelais & her first husband had one child:

a) ARNAUD (-after 979). "Rodgarius comes…cum Adalissa comitissa conjuge mea et Regimundo sobole" donated property "alodem meum de Corniliano" to the monastery of Saint-Hilaire, Carcassonne by charter dated 979, signed by "Adalaissæ comitissæ, Arnaudi comitis […], Regimundi sobolis meæ"[1283]. Jaurgain points out that the words "filii Adalisse, Petri episcopi et comitis" should be added in the subscription list (where shown by square brackets) stating that they were omitted from the edition of the charter quoted in the third edition of the Histoire Générale de Languedoc[1284].

RAYMOND [I] de Melgueil, son of BERNARD [III] Comte de Melgueil & his wife Adela [Sala] --- (-before 1079). Comte de Melgueil. "Adella comitissa et filius meus Raimundus et uxor eius Beatrix" donated property to the church of Maguelone by charter dated 24 Dec 1055[1285].

m (before 1055) BEATRIX, daughter of --- (-[1109]). "Adella comitissa et filius meus Raimundus et uxor eius Beatrix" donated property to the church of Maguelone by charter dated 1055[1286]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[1287]., she was Beatrix de Poitou, daughter of GUILLAUME V "le Grand" Duke of Aquitaine [GUILLAUME III Comte de Poitou] & his third wife Agnes de Macon. She is not named among the children of Duke Guillaume V by Richard[1288]. If she was the daughter of Duke Guillaume, it seems surprising that she was married to a relatively obscure local nobleman, especially in light of the high profile marriage of her supposed sister Agnes with the King of Germany. "Petrus comes…filius Raymundo comite, genetrice…mea Beatrice" donated property to the church of Maguelone by charter dated 23 Jul 1079, signed by "uxore sua Adalmudis"[1289].

Comte Raymond [I] & his wife had [three] children:

1. PIERRE de Melgueil (-after 27 Apr 1085). Comte de Melgueil. "Petrus comes…filius Raymundo comite, genetrice…mea Beatrice" donated property to the church of Maguelone by charter dated 23 Jul 1079, signed by "uxore sua Adalmudis"[1290]. A charter dated to [1080] records an agreement between "Petrus comes" and "Guillelmo de Montepessulano et…Guillelmo-Aimono et…infantibus suis" to settle disputes and includes the betrothal of "filiam suam" and "Guillelmum suprascriptum"[1291]. "Comes Petrus et uxor sua Almodis" restored rights over "Castellum novum et…taverna de Sustancione" to the church of Maguelone by charter dated to [1183][1292]. "Petrus Substantionis comes filius Beatricis et uxor mea Almodis" donated property to the church of Maguelone by charter dated Jan 1083[1293]. "Petrus…comes Melguoriensis…cum uxore mea Almodis et filiis meis" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated 26 Feb 1083[1294]. "Petrus comes Melgoriensis" donated "comitatum Substantionem Quam episcopatum Magalonensem" to Pope Gregory VII, who regranted him the counties for life, by charter dated 27 Apr 1085, subscribed by "Adalmodis comitissa, Raymundus comes filius eius"[1295]. m ([1065] ALMODIS de Toulouse, daughter of PONS Comte de Toulouse & his second wife Almodis de la Marche (-after 1132). "Petrus comes…filius Raymundo comite, genetrice…mea Beatrice" donated property to the church of Maguelone by charter dated 23 Jul 1079, signed by "uxore sua Adalmudis"[1296]. "Petrus Substantionis comes filius Beatricis et uxor mea Almodis" donated property to the church of Maguelone by charter dated Jan 1083[1297]. "Petrus…comes Melguoriensis…cum uxore mea Almodis et filiis meis" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Pons de Thomières by charter dated 26 Feb 1083[1298]. "Petrus comes Melgoriensis" donated "comitatum Substantionem Quam episcopatum Magalonensem" to Pope Gregory VII, who regranted him the counties for life, by charter dated 27 Apr 1085, subscribed by "Adalmodis comitissa, Raymundus comes filius eius"[1299]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. The testament of “Bernardus comes Melgorii” dated 1132 was made in the presence of “…comitissa avia mea…”[1300], although this could possibly refer to the testator´s maternal grandmother who has not otherwise been identified. Comte Pierre & his wife had four children:

a) RAYMOND de Melgueil (-[1120]). "Petrus comes Melgoriensis" donated "comitatum Substantionem Quam episcopatum Magalonensem" to Pope Gregory VII, who regranted him the counties for life, by charter dated 27 Apr 1085, subscribed by "Adalmodis comitissa, Raymundus comes filius eius"[1301]. Comte de Melgueil. Minor in 1085. A charter dated 8 Sep 1099 records an agreement between the bishop of Maguelone and "Raimundus Melgoriensis comes"[1302]. Crusader 1109. "Raimundus comes Melgoriensis" made his testament "ire volens in Jerusalem" dated to [1110], naming "soror mea Adala", and referring to but not naming his wife and his son[1303]. m MARIE, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated to [1122] under which her son “Bernard coms de Melgor, fils de Marie” swore allegiance to “Guillelm de Montpesler fil d´Ermessens”[1304]. Comte Raymond & his wife had one child:

i) BERNARD [IV] de Melgueil (-St Chaffre-en-Velay 1132). Comte de Melgueil. “Bernard coms de Melgor, fils de Marie” swore allegiance to “Guillelm de Montpesler fil d´Ermessens” by charter dated to [1122][1305]. "Bernardi comitis Melgoriensis fili Mariæ" is named in his daughter's marriage contract dated 1132[1306]. “Bernardus comes Melgorii et…Guillelma comitissa” donated property to the church of Saint-Romain de Melgueil by charter dated Sep 1128[1307]. The testament of “Bernardus comes Melgorii” dated 1132 was made in the presence of “…comitissa avia mea…” and elects burial “ad monasterium S. Theofredi”[1308]. m (contract 1120) GUILLEMETTE de Montpellier, daughter of GUILLAUME [V] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Ermesende ---. The marriage contract between “Guillelmus de Montepessulano…filia mea…Guillelmam” and “Raimundo Melgoriensi comiti” is dated 1120[1309], (dated 18 Jan 1121 in the cartulaire of Maguelone[1310]), "Raimundo" presumably being an error for "Bernardo". “Bernardus comes Melgorii et…Guillelma comitissa” donated property to the church of Saint-Romain de Melgueil by charter dated Sep 1128[1311]. Comte Bernard [IV] & his wife had one child:

(a) BEATRIX de Melgueil ([1124]-1190 or after). Alphonse Comte de Toulouse and Guillaume [V] Seigneur de Montpellier agreed terms relating to the county of Melgueil by charter dated 1132, agreeing that they would agree on the marriage of “filia Bernardi Melgoriensis comitis” in six years time[1312]. Berenger Raymond Comte de Provence and Guillaume [V] Seigneur de Montpellier agreed terms relating to the marriage of “Beatrix filia sororis tuæ Guillelmæ”, provided that, if Beatrix died under the age of 12, Berenger Raymond would marry “filiam tuam”[1313]. She succeeded her father in 1132 as Ctss de Melgueil. Under a charter dated 1135 “Berengarius.Raimundi filius Dulciæ comes Melgoriensis et marchio Provinciæ et…Beatrix filia Guillelmæ” agreed to pay a debt owed by "Bernardus comes pater Beatricis" to "Guillelmo Montispessulani filio Ermessendis" relating to the county of Melgueil[1314]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Mar [1145/46] under which "Beatrix Melgoriensis comitissa filia Guillelme et Bernardi, felicis memorie comitis Mergoriensis" and "Bernardus Peleti comes maritus hujus Beatricis" recognised obligations to "Guillelmo Montispessulani filio Ermessendis" previously agreed by "Bernardus comes, pater mei Beatricis"[1315]. "Bernardus Pileti comes Melgoriensis" donated property "in manso de Caprarecia" to Aniane, with the consent of "comitisse uxoris mee Beatricis", by charter dated 1158[1316]. m firstly (betrothed 1132, 1135) BERENGER RAYMOND Comte de Provence, son of RAMÓN BERENGUER III "el Grande" Conde de Barcelona & his third wife Doucia [Dulcia/Dulce] de Gévaudan Ctss de Provence (-murdered Melgueil Mar 1144). He was killed in a naval battle near Mauguio. m secondly (before Mar 1146) BERNARD Pelet d'Alais, son of RAYMOND de Narbonne-Pelet dit "le Croisé" & his wife Agnes --- (-[1170/72]). Comte de Melgueil, de iure uxoris.

b) PONS de Melgueil (-Sept-Salles 28 Dec 1125, bur Saint-André). The Chronicle of Saint-Maxence records the succession in 1109 of "Pontius filius comitis Mirguliæ" as abbot of Cluny[1317]. Abbot of Cluny 1109. Orderic Vitalis records "Pontius son of the count of Melgueil" succeeding to the abbacy of Cluny after the death of abbot Hugues 29 Apr 1109[1318]. In a later passage, he records that Pontius abbot of Cluny was accused, by certain monks who complained to Pope Calixtus II, of being "violent and extravagant in his conduct and was recklessly dissipating the monastic revenues in vain litigation". He then resigned his office and set out on pilgrimage to Jerusalem[1319]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records that "Pontius frater Comitis de Melgoire" was captured and held in "turre…Septem-Salas" where he died "V Kal Jan", and that he was buried "quasi pauper…apud S. Andream"[1320].

c) ERMESSENDE de Melgueil (-after 5 Jun 1156). A charter dated to [1080] records an agreement between "Petrus comes" and "Guillelmo de Montepessulano et…Guillelmo-Aimono et…infantibus suis" to settle disputes and includes the betrothal of "filiam suam" and "Guillelmum suprascriptum"[1321]. Her name is confirmed by her son's charter which names him "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende"[1322]. The testament of “Guillelmus de Omellacio”, dated 5 Jun 1156, bequeathes “usumfructum honoris...de Valle“ to “matri meæ Ermesendi“[1323]. m (Betrothed [1080]) GUILLAUME [V] Seigneur de Montpellier, son of GUILLAUME [IV] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Ermengarde de Melgueil (-before 21 Feb 1122).

d) ADELA de Melgueil . "Raimundus comes Melgoriensis" made his testament "ire volens in Jerusalem" dated to [1110], naming "soror mea Adala", and referring to but not naming his wife and his son[1324]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. m PIERRE du Puy .

2. JUDITH de Melgueil . "Philippa" donated property to Sauxillanges, for the souls of "domni Wilelmi senioris mei ac filiorum meorum…Wilelmi, Pontii" and "pro Rotberto comite filio meo", by undated charter, subscribed by "Rotberti comitis…uxoris eius Judith"[1325]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Rotbertus comes Arvernorum" donated property to Sauxillanges, for the souls of "patris mei Willelmi, matrisque meæ Philippæ, necnon et fratrum meorum…Willelmi et Pontii", by charter dated 18 Apr 1069 subscribed by "uxoris meæ comitisse Judit"[1326]. "Robertus…comes…Arvernensis" donated property to Saint-Julien de Brioude, for the souls of "genitorum suorum Guillelmi et Philipiæ et uxoris suæ Judetæ", by undated charter[1327]. She became a nun at Saint-Pierre de Cornillon, Grenoble after her husband died[1328]. m (before 14 May 1068) as his second wife, ROBERT [II] Comte d'Auvergne, son of GUILLAUME [V] Comte d'Auvergne et de Clermont & his wife Philippa --- (-[1096]).

3. [ERMENGARDE . Her son names his mother "Guillelmus filius Ermengardæ dominus Montispessulani" in a charter dated 1093[1329]. She is often stated to be the daughter of Raymond [I] Comte de Melgueil & his wife Beatrix [de Poitou]. The documentation on which this is based has not yet been identified and it seems unlikely to be correct considering that her son´s wife would have been her niece. Her second marriage being confirmed by the testament dated 1114 made “pergens contra paganos ad expugnandam Majoricam insulam”, by her son “Guillelmus Montipessulani” which bequeathed “castellum d´Omelas” to “Bernardo de Andusia fratri meo et infantibus suis”[1330]. Europäische Stammtafeln interprets this strangely as meaning that Bernard was the son of Guillaume [IV][1331]. m firstly BERNARD GUILLAUME [IV] Seigneur de Montpellier, son of GUILLAUME [II] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Beliarde --- (-[1085]). m secondly RAYMOND Seigneur d'Anduze, son of BERNARD Seigneur d´Anduze & his wife Adelais ---.]

B. COMTES de MELGUEIL (NARBONNE-PELET, SEIGNEURS d'ALÈS)

BERNARD [II] de Narbonne-Pelet, son of RAYMOND de Narbonne-Pelet dit "le Croisé" & his wife Agnes --- (-[1170/72]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Co-seigneur d'Alès {Gard, spelt "Alais" before 1926}. He took part in the First Crusade. Comte de Melgueil, de iure uxoris. "Bernardus Pileti comes Melgoriensis" donated property "in manso de Caprarecia" to Aniane, with the consent of "comitisse uxoris mee Beatricis", by charter dated 1158[1332].

m (before Mar 1146) as her second husband, BEATRIX de Melgueil, widow of BERENGER RAYMOND Comte de Provence, daughter of BERNARD IV Comte de Melgueil ([1124]-1190 or after). The marriage contract between Berenger Raymond Comte de Provence and “Beatrix filia Guillelmæ” is dated 1135[1333]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the charter dated Mar [1145/46] under which "Beatrix Melgoriensis comitissa filia Guillelme et Bernardi, felicis memorie comitis Mergoriensis" and "Bernardus Peleti comes maritus hujus Beatricis" recognised obligations to "Guillelmo Montispessulani filio Ermessendis" previously agreed by "Bernardus comes, pater mei Beatricis"[1334]. "Bernardus Pileti comes Melgoriensis" donated property "in manso de Caprarecia" to Aniane, with the consent of "comitisse uxoris mee Beatricis", by charter dated 1158[1335]. "Beatrix comitissa Melgorii" divided the county of Melgueil between "filie mee Ermessende" and "Dulcie neptis mee, filie quondam filii mei Raimundi comitis Provincie" by contract dated 1 Apr 1172, which names "Petro Bermundo de Salvis genero meo" and records the betrothal between Dulcie and "Raimundo, duci Narbone, comiti Tolose, marchioni Provincie…filio"[1336]. This was superseded by a second donation: "Beatrix comitissa Melgorii" donated "totum comitatum Melgorii" to "Raymundo duci Narbonæ comiti Tolosæ, marchioni Provinciæ", and granted "filiam meam Hermessindam" in marriage to "filio tuo Raymundo" with the county as dowry with a reservation for "filius eius quem ex Petro Bermundo" and "Dulcia neptis mea, filia quondam fili mei Raymundi comitis Provinciæ", by charter dated 12 Dec 1172, witnessed by "Bermundi de Salve, Bermundi de Vidinobrio, Eleziarii de Usecia, Raymundi eius fratris..."[1337]. On the same day, Ermessende gave her inheritance to her husband. Ermessende, by her testament dated Sep 1176, granted the county to her husband, and bequeathed an annual income to her mother[1338]. Added at the end of the charter dated 12 Dec 1172, is a certification dated 3 Nov 1176 which confirms that the provisions of the earlier instrument had been completed, witnessed by "Elesyario de Usecia, R. fratre eius, Bermundo de Vidinobrio…B. Atonis vicecomitis Nemausensis…"[1339].

Comte Bernard [II] & his wife had two children:

1. BERTRAND Pelet (-1191 or after). "Bertrandus comes Melgorii filius Beatricis comitissæ Melgorii et Bernardi Peleti comitis Melgorii" granted his property at St Julien de Grabels and St Gervais de Juviniac to "Guillaume de Montpellier fils de Sibille" by charter dated Jun 1171[1340]. Seigneur d'Alès. Bertrand was disinherited by his mother and unsuccessfully contested the arrangements made in 1172 which resulted in the county of Melgue il being transferred to the counts of Toulouse. "Comte Bertrand" swore homage to Alfonso II King of Aragon by contract dated Dec 1172[1341], presumably to enlist the king's help against his sister and brother-in-law. m BONAFOSSE, daughter of --- (-before 25 Mar 1205). The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. Comte Bertrand & his wife had one child:

a) RAYMOND Pelet (-1228 or 1229). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Co-seigneur de La Roquette {alias Viviourès, a castle in Valflaunès, Hérault}[1342]. "Raymundus Peleti" swore allegiance to Raymond VI Comte de Toulouse by charter dated 18 Jul 1210 for his possessions "in villa de Alesto"[1343]. "B. de Andusia, filius domini B. de Andusia" swore allegiance to "D. A...dux Narbonæ, comite Tolosæ et domino Montisfortis" for "villæ de Alesto quæ fuit Petri Bermundi" by charter dated 25 Apr 1220 which names "R. Pelet compartiario meo" who (as "Raymundus Pelet") swore similarly by charter dated 15 Apr 1220[1344]. "D. R. Peleti et...domina Sibilia" subscribed a charter by "Bernardus Peleti...filio nostro" dated 3 Jun 1227[1345]. m SIBYLLE d'Anduze, daughter of BERNARD [VII] Sire d'Anduze & his wife ---. "D. R. Peleti et...domina Sibilia" subscribed a charter by "Bernardus Peleti...filio nostro" dated 3 Jun 1227[1346]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. 1257. Comte Raymond & his wife had four children:

i) BERNARD Pelet . "D. R. Peleti et...domina Sibilia" subscribed a charter by "Bernardus Peleti...filio nostro" dated 3 Jun 1227[1347]. Co-seigneur d'Alès and Boucoiran {Gard}. m TIBURGE, daughter of ---.

- SEIGNEURS d'ALES, de BOUCOIRAN {Gard}, de CALMONT d'OLT {Espalion, Aveyron}, de LAVERUNE {Hérault}[1348].

ii) ALAYSSETTE Pelet (- after 1260). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m GUIGUE MESCHIN [II] de Châteauneuf-de-Randon Seigneur du Tournel, Altier, Montfort {Lozère}.

iii) RAYMOND Pelet . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1247/1249.

iv) PIERRE Pelet . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

2. ERMESSENDE Pelet (-Château de Malaucène [Sep/3 Nov] 1176). "Beatrix comitissa Melgorii" divided the county of Melgueil between "filie mee Ermessende" and "Dulcie neptis mee, filie quondam filii mei Raimundi comitis Provincie" by contract dated 1 Apr 1172, which names "Petro Bermundo de Salvis genero meo" and records the betrothal between Dulcie and "Raimundo, duci Narbone, comiti Tolose, marchioni Provincie…filio"[1349]. This was superseded by a second donation: "Beatrix comitissa Melgorii" donated "totum comitatum Melgorii" to "Raymundo duci Narbonæ comiti Tolosæ, marchioni Provinciæ", and granted "filiam meam Hermessindam" in marriage to "filio tuo Raymundo" with the county as dowry with a reservation for "filius eius quem ex Petro Bermundo" and "Dulcia neptis mea, filia quondam fili mei Raymundi comitis Provinciæ", by charter dated 12 Dec 1172, witnessed by "Bermundi de Salve, Bermundi de Vidinobrio, Eleziarii de Usecia, Raymundi eius fratris..."[1350]. On the same day, Ermessende gave her inheritance to her husband. Ctss de Melgueil 1172. Ermessende predeceased her mother and, by her testament dated Sep 1176 and read 3 Nov 1176, granted the county to her husband, and bequeathed an annual income to her mother[1351]. Her brother Bertrand de Melgueil, disinherited by their mother, unsuccessfully contested these arrangements. The Comtes de Toulouse ruled the comté de Melgueil until 1211, when Pope Innocent III enfeoffed it to the Bishop of Maguelone. m firstly (before Oct 1170) PIERRE BERMOND [IV] Seigneur de Sauve et de Sommières, son of PIERRE BERMOND [III] Seigneur de Sauve & his wife --- (-[1 Apr/11 Dec] 1172). m secondly (12 Sep 1172) as his first wife, RAYMOND de Toulouse, son of RAYMOND V Comte de Toulouse & his wife Constance de France (27 Oct 1156-Toulouse 2 Aug 1222). He succeeded his father in 1194 as RAYMOND VI Comte de Toulouse, Duc de Narbonne, Marquis de Provence.

C. SEIGNEURS de CASTRIES

1. --- . m AUXILIA, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 19 Oct 1123 under which her son "Elisarius de Castriis filius Ausilie...jussione Engeralde uxoris mee" acknowledged allegiance to Aniane for "castello de Salviano"[1352]. Two children:

a) DALMAS de Castries (-[1109/1 Jul 1111]). "Dalmacius et mulier sua Ermessens et Elisiar frater suus…" sold property to the bishop of Maguelone by charter dated 10 Apr 1096[1353]. "…Dalmacii de Castris…" is named as present in the charter dated 8 Sep 1099 which records an agreement between the bishop of Maguelone and "Raimundus Melgoriensis comes"[1354]. "…D. de Castriis…" is named as present in the charter dated 1109 which records an agreement between the bishop of Maguelone and the abbot of Aniane[1355]. m ERMESENDE, daughter of --- (-after 10 Apr 1096). "Dalmacius et mulier sua Ermessens et Elisiar frater suus…" sold property to the bishop of Maguelone by charter dated 10 Apr 1096[1356].

b) ELZEAR de Castries (-after 22 Oct 1127). "Dalmacius et mulier sua Ermessens et Elisiar frater suus…" sold property to the bishop of Maguelone by charter dated 10 Apr 1096[1357]. "Elisarius de Castriis" donated the church and town of Crès to the bishop of Maguelone by charter dated 1 Jul 1111[1358]. "Elisiarius et uxor mea Engelrada et infantes nostri" relinquished claims in favour of Bernard Aton Vicomte de Béziers by charter dated 13 Oct 1122[1359]. "Elisarius de Castriis filius Ausilie...jussione Engeralde uxoris mee" acknowledged allegiance to Aniane for "castello de Salviano" by charter dated 19 Oct 1123[1360]. "Elisiarius et…Engelrada uxor eius" confirmed the donation of "ecclesiam Sancti Baudilii…juxta villam…Sancti Bricii" to Aniane by "Gaucelinus Arnaldi Biterrensis avus mei Engeraldæ et uxor eius Engeralda avia mea et Guillelmus Arnaldi filius eorum et avunculus meus, Agnes filia eorum et mater mea" by charter dated 29 Oct 1123[1361]. "Elisarius et...Engeralda uxor eius" confirmed donations to Aniane made by "Gaucelmus Alnardi Biterrensis avus mei Engeralde et uxor eius Engeralda avia mea et Guillermus Arnaldi filius eorum et avunculus meus et Agnes filia eorum et mater mea" by charter dated 1 Nov 1223[1362]. "Elisiarius et…Engelrada uxor Elisiarii" donated property inherited from "Guillelmi Arnaldi avunculi Engelradæ" to the abbey of Saint-Thibéry by charter dated 22 Oct 1127[1363]. m ENGELRADE de Salvaing, daughter of --- de Salvaing & his wife Agnes de Béziers (-after 22 Oct 1127). "Elisiarius et uxor mea Engelrada et infantes nostri" relinquished claims in favour of Bernard Aton Vicomte de Béziers by charter dated 13 Oct 1122[1364]. "Elisiarius et…Engelrada uxor eius" confirmed the donation of "ecclesiam Sancti Baudilii…juxta villam…Sancti Bricii" to Aniane by "Gaucelinus Arnaldi Biterrensis avus mei Engeraldæ et uxor eius Engeralda avia mea et Guillelmus Arnaldi filius eorum et avunculus meus, Agnes filia eorum et mater mea" by charter dated 29 Oct 1123[1365]. "Elisarius et...Engeralda uxor eius" confirmed donations to Aniane made by "Gaucelmus Alnardi Biterrensis avus mei Engeralde et uxor eius Engeralda avia mea et Guillermus Arnaldi filius eorum et avunculus meus et Agnes filia eorum et mater mea" by charter dated 1 Nov 1223[1366]. "Engilrada filia Agnetis" acknowledged allegiance to Aniane for "castello de Salviano" by charter dated to [1120/40][1367]. "Elisiarius et…Engelrada uxor Elisiarii" donated property inherited from "Guillelmi Arnaldi avunculi Engelradæ" to the abbey of Saint-Thibéry by charter dated 22 Oct 1127[1368]. "Guillelmus Arnaldi de Biterris" acknowledged allegiance to Aniane for "castello de Salviano", confirming actions of "parentes et antecessores mei...Guillermus de Salviano et Engeralda soror eius et Elisiarius maritus predicte Engeralde", by charter dated 1158[1369]. Elzear & his wife had one child:

i) AGNES (-[1151/1159][1370]). "Agnes filia Engeralde" swore allegiance to "Willermum abbatem Anianensem filium Beliardis" for "castello de Salviano" by charter dated 1151, witnessed by "...G. de Salviano et B. fratris eius, A. de Salviano, G. de Salviano..."[1371]. Her first marriage is indicated by the charter dated 10 Jan 1169 under which "Elisarius et...Arnaudus Guillermi fratris eius" (presumably her grandsons) acknowledged allegiance to Aniane for "castello de Salviano", confirming actions of "parentes et antecessores mei...Guillermus de Salviano et Engeralda soror eius et Elisiarius maritus predicte Engeralde et Gaucelmus de Clareto et Agnes uxor eius"[1372]. m GAUCELIN de Claret, son of BERNARD GUILLAUME de Montpellier & his wife Senegundis --- (-after 31 Jul 1159). This couple´s probable descendants are indicated by two charters. "Elisarius et...Arnaudus Guillermi fratris eius" acknowledged allegiance to Aniane for "castello de Salviano", confirming actions of "parentes et antecessores mei...Guillermus de Salviano et Engeralda soror eius et Elisiarius maritus predicte Engeralde et Gaucelmus de Clareto et Agnes uxor eius" by charter dated 10 Jan 1169[1373]. "Elisarius filius Aladaiz de Cognatio" acknowledged allegiance to Aniane for "castello de Salviano", confirming actions of "parentes et antecessores mei...Guillermus de Salviano et Engeralda soror eius et Elisiarius maritus predicte Engeralde et Gaucelinus de Clareto et Annes uxor eius et Elisarius pater meus et Arnaldus Guillermi avunculus meus" by charter dated 19 Jul 1190[1374].

2. RAYMOND [I] de Castries (-after 1137). "Guillelmus de Cornano" sold property at Gigean to "Raimundo de Castriis" by charter dated Mar 1126[1375]. The bishop of Maguelone granted "feudum…in castello de Gigano" to "Raimundo de Castriis" by charter dated 1137[1376]. m GUILLELME, daughter of --- (-after [1155/60]). An undated charter, dated to [1155/60], records an agreement between the bishop of Maguelone and "Guillelmam et Raimundum de Castriis maritus suum" concerning Gigean, which names "Raymons de Castrias filz de Guilhelma…Raymon de Castrias mon payre"[1377]. Raymond [I] & his wife had three children:

a) RAYMOND [II] de Castries . An undated charter, dated to [1155/60], records an agreement between the bishop of Maguelone and "Guillelmam et Raimundum de Castriis maritus suum" concerning Gigean, which names "Raymons de Castrias filz de Guilhelma…Raymon de Castrias mon payre"[1378]. "Bernardus Peleti comes Melgorii et…Bertrandus comes filius eius" granted the right to hold a market at Montlaur to "…Raimundo de Castriis et fratribus tuis Petro de Castriis et Poncio de Castriis, filiis quondam Raimundi de Castriis, et…Petro de Castriis et fratribus tuis Raimundo de Castriis et Guillelmo de Castriis, filiis quondam Beatricis uxoris Guillelmi de Castriis…" by charter dated 1170[1379].

b) PIERRE de Castries . "Bernardus Peleti comes Melgorii et…Bertrandus comes filius eius" granted the right to hold a market at Montlaur to "…Raimundo de Castriis et fratribus tuis Petro de Castriis et Poncio de Castriis, filiis quondam Raimundi de Castriis, et…Petro de Castriis et fratribus tuis Raimundo de Castriis et Guillelmo de Castriis, filiis quondam Beatricis uxoris Guillelmi de Castriis…" by charter dated 1170[1380].

c) PONS de Castries . "Bernardus Peleti comes Melgorii et…Bertrandus comes filius eius" granted the right to hold a market at Montlaur to "…Raimundo de Castriis et fratribus tuis Petro de Castriis et Poncio de Castriis, filiis quondam Raimundi de Castriis, et…Petro de Castriis et fratribus tuis Raimundo de Castriis et Guillelmo de Castriis, filiis quondam Beatricis uxoris Guillelmi de Castriis…" by charter dated 1170[1381].

3. GUILLAUME de Castries (-before 1170). m BEATRIX, daughter of --- (-after 1170). "Bernardus Peleti comes Melgorii et…Bertrandus comes filius eius" granted the right to hold a market at Montlaur to "…Raimundo de Castriis et fratribus tuis Petro de Castriis et Poncio de Castriis, filiis quondam Raimundi de Castriis, et…Petro de Castriis et fratribus tuis Raimundo de Castriis et Guillelmo de Castriis, filiis quondam Beatricis uxoris Guillelmi de Castriis…" by charter dated 1170[1382]. Guillaume & his wife had three children:

a) PIERRE de Castries . "Bernardus Peleti comes Melgorii et…Bertrandus comes filius eius" granted the right to hold a market at Montlaur to "…Raimundo de Castriis et fratribus tuis Petro de Castriis et Poncio de Castriis, filiis quondam Raimundi de Castriis, et…Petro de Castriis et fratribus tuis Raimundo de Castriis et Guillelmo de Castriis, filiis quondam Beatricis uxoris Guillelmi de Castriis…" by charter dated 1170[1383].

b) RAYMOND de Castries . "Bernardus Peleti comes Melgorii et…Bertrandus comes filius eius" granted the right to hold a market at Montlaur to "…Raimundo de Castriis et fratribus tuis Petro de Castriis et Poncio de Castriis, filiis quondam Raimundi de Castriis, et…Petro de Castriis et fratribus tuis Raimundo de Castriis et Guillelmo de Castriis, filiis quondam Beatricis uxoris Guillelmi de Castriis…" by charter dated 1170[1384].

c) GUILLAUME de Castries . "Bernardus Peleti comes Melgorii et…Bertrandus comes filius eius" granted the right to hold a market at Montlaur to "…Raimundo de Castriis et fratribus tuis Petro de Castriis et Poncio de Castriis, filiis quondam Raimundi de Castriis, et…Petro de Castriis et fratribus tuis Raimundo de Castriis et Guillelmo de Castriis, filiis quondam Beatricis uxoris Guillelmi de Castriis…" by charter dated 1170[1385].

4. GUILLAUME Arnaud de Béziers (-after 1158). "Guillelmus Arnaldi de Biterris" acknowledged allegiance to Aniane for "castello de Salviano", confirming actions of "parentes et antecessores mei...Guillermus de Salviano et Engeralda soror eius et Elisiarius maritus predicte Engeralde" by charter dated 1158[1386].

5. BERNARD de Castries (-before 1182). m SURIANE, daughter of --- (-after 1182). "Suriana uxor quondam Bernardi de Castris" confirmed donations to Aniane "per infantes meos" by charter dated 1182[1387].

6. DALMAS de Castries . m CECILIA, daughter of ---. Dalmas & his wife had one child:

a) ERMESENDE de Castries (-1157). "Guillelmus de Tortosa" granted property "in Sosteniensem {Substantion, Hérault}" to "uxori mee…Ermessens" by undated charter[1388]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified, although her husband's testament clarifies that "castrum…de Castriis" was inherited from her father. She died in childbirth[1389]. m (contract Jul 1153) GUILLAUME de Montpellier "de Tortosa", son of GUILLAUME [VI] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Sibila [del Vasto] (-after 1157).

D. VICOMTES de LODEVE

1. HILDUIN, son of --- . m ---. The name of Hilduin's wife is not known. Hilduin & his wife had [one possible child]:

a) [LIUTHARD ([870]-after 926). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. m SENEGONDE, daughter of ---. "Ildinus" donated property to Aniane for "parentes meos...defuncti...genitore meo Lautardo et genetrice mea.Senegunde et filios meos et filias uxore mea Archimberta" by charter dated 8 Oct 972 subscribed by "...Allidulfo, Ermengaudo, Odone..."[1390]. Liuthard & his wife had one child:

i) HILDUIN ([925]-before 28 Jun 983). "Gariberga et Hildinus vicecomes et Ado vicecomes" donated "alodem…in Substantionense in villa…Mairanichos" to "ecclesiæ Sancti Salvatoris Gellonensis" by charter dated 961[1391]. "Ildinus" donated property to Aniane for "parentes meos...defuncti...genitore meo Lautardo et genetrice mea.Senegunde et filios meos et filias uxore mea Archimberta" by charter dated 8 Oct 972 subscribed by "...Allidulfo, Ermengaudo, Odone..."[1392]. Vicomte in Lodève {Hérault}. "Hildinus vicecomes et uxor mea Archimberta et filii nostri Ermengaudus, Adilulfus et Oddo" exchanged property with the abbey of Saint-Guillem du Désert by charter dated 31 Mar 982[1393]. m ARCHIMBERTE, daughter of --- ([930-after 4 Jun 986). "Ildinus" donated property to Aniane for "parentes meos...defuncti...genitore meo Lautardo et genetrice mea.Senegunde et filios meos et filias uxore mea Archimberta" by charter dated 8 Oct 972 subscribed by "...Allidulfo, Ermengaudo, Odone..."[1394]. "Hildinus vicecomes et uxor mea Archimberta et filii nostri Ermengaudus, Adilulfus et Oddo" exchanged property with the abbey of Saint-Guillem du Désert by charter dated 31 Mar 982[1395]. "Archimberta, vicecomitissa, et fillii mei, Allidulfus et Oddo et Teugardis qui fuit uxor Ermengaudi filii mei, qui fuit olim" donated property to Aniane by charter dated 28 Jun 983, subscribed by "Archimberta et Allidulfi et Oddonis et Teugardis ... S. Ricardi ..."[1396]. "Archimberta" donated property to Aniane, for the souls of "parentes meos qui defuncti sunt, id est genitore meo et genetrice mea et filios et filias meas et viro meo Ildinone qui fuit quondam", by charter dated 4 Jun 986, signed by "Odonis, Atonis, Siwini, Gifredi"[1397]. Hilduin & his wife had four children (according to Duhamel-Amado[1398] other children who died before 986 had issue in the local nobility, notably Gignac and Deux-Vierges {Hérault}):

(a) ALIDULF . "Ildinus" donated property to Aniane for "parentes meos...defuncti...genitore meo Lautardo et genetrice mea.Senegunde et filios meos et filias uxore mea Archimberta" by charter dated 8 Oct 972 subscribed by "...Allidulfo, Ermengaudo, Odone..."[1399]. "Hildinus vicecomes et uxor mea Archimberta et filii nostri Ermengaudus, Adilulfus et Oddo" exchanged property with the abbey of Saint-Guillem du Désert by charter dated 31 Mar 982[1400]. "Archimberta, vicecomitissa, et fillii mei, Allidulfus et Oddo et Teugardis qui fuit uxor Ermengaudi filii mei, qui fuit olim" donated property to Aniane by charter dated 28 Jun 983, subscribed by "Archimberta et Allidulfi et Oddonis et Teugardis ... S. Ricardi ..."[1401]. Vicomte in Lodève 972-983.

(b) ERMENGAUD (-[31 Mar 982/28 Jun 983]). "Ildinus" donated property to Aniane for "parentes meos...defuncti...genitore meo Lautardo et genetrice mea.Senegunde et filios meos et filias uxore mea Archimberta" by charter dated 8 Oct 972 subscribed by "...Allidulfo, Ermengaudo, Odone..."[1402]. "Hildinus vicecomes et uxor mea Archimberta et filii nostri Ermengaudus, Adilulfus et Oddo" exchanged property with the abbey of Saint-Guillem du Désert by charter dated 31 Mar 982[1403]. Vicomte in Lodève. m TEUDGARDIS, daughter of --- (-after 28 Jun 983). "Archimberta, vicecomitissa, et fillii mei, Allidulfus et Oddo et Teugardis qui fuit uxor Ermengaudi filii mei, qui fuit olim" donated property to Aniane by charter dated 28 Jun 983, subscribed by "Archimberta et Allidulfi et Oddonis et Teugardis ... S. Ricardi ..."[1404].

(c) ODON (-after [1000]). "Ildinus" donated property to Aniane for "parentes meos...defuncti...genitore meo Lautardo et genetrice mea.Senegunde et filios meos et filias uxore mea Archimberta" by charter dated 8 Oct 972 subscribed by "...Allidulfo, Ermengaudo, Odone..."[1405]. "Hildinus vicecomes et uxor mea Archimberta et filii nostri Ermengaudus, Adilulfus et Oddo" exchanged property with the abbey of Saint-Guillem du Désert by charter dated 31 Mar 982[1406]. "Archimberta, vicecomitissa, et fillii mei, Allidulfus et Oddo et Teugardis qui fuit uxor Ermengaudi filii mei, qui fuit olim" donated property to Aniane by charter dated 28 Jun 983, subscribed by "Archimberta et Allidulfi et Oddonis et Teugardis ... S. Ricardi ..."[1407]. Vicomte de Lodève. "Archimberta" donated property to Aniane, for the souls of "parentes meos qui defuncti sunt, id est genitore meo et genetrice mea et filios et filias meas et viro meo Ildinone qui fuit quondam", by charter dated 4 Jun 986, signed by "Odonis, Atonis, Siwini, Gifredi"[1408]. It is not certain that the subscriber "Odonis" was the donor´s son. "Odo vicecomes" donated property "in comitatu Lutevense in terminium villa…Baïas quem Hildinus pater meus" acquited from "Ardemando" to the abbey of Saint-Guillem du Désert, with the consent of "uxore mea Chimberga", by charter dated to [1000][1409]. m firstly BELLA, daughter of ---. m secondly CHIMBERGE, daughter of ---(-after [1000]). "Odo vicecomes" donated property "in comitatu Lutevense in terminium villa…Baïas quem Hildinus pater meus" acquited from "Ardemando" to the abbey of Saint-Guillem du Désert, with the consent of "uxore mea Chimberga", by charter dated to [1000][1410].

(d) NOBILA (-after 5 Oct 1031). The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. "Girbertus vicecomes et uxor mea Nobila et filius meus Bernardus" donated "unum mansum in valle…Sers in loco…Kalahc" to Gellone by charter dated 5 Oct [1031/60][1411]. m GIRBERT [Gariberht] [II] Vicomte de Carlat, son of BERNARD [I] Vicomte de Carlat {Cantal} & his wife Ermengardis[1412] (-after 5 Oct 1031).

(e) daughter(s) . The fact that Hilduin had more than one daughter is shown by the charter dated 8 Oct 972 under which "Ildinus" donated property to Aniane for "parentes meos...defuncti...genitore meo Lautardo et genetrice mea.Senegunde et filios meos et filias uxore mea Archimberta"[1413].

E. SEIGNEURS de LODEVE

1. GUILLAUME de Lodève (-[1246/55]). Seigneur de Lodève. "Guillelmus de Lodeva" transferred half his interest in the town of Lodève and in "castro de Monte Bruno" to the bishop of Lodève by charter dated 1213[1414]. A charter dated 1246 records how the bishop of Lodève acquired his rights in "turre…de Monte Bruno" from "Guillelmo de Lodova"[1415]. m ---. The name of Guillaume´s wife is not known. Guillaume & his wife had one child:

a) GUILLAUME de Lodève . Seigneur de Lodève. "Guillelmus de Lodeva, filius quondam domini Guillelmi de Lodova" confirmed the exchanges of property made by "suus pater" with the bishop of Lodève by charter dated 1255[1416]. A charter dated 1268 records the foundation of the chapel of Notre-Dame de Beaulieu by "Guillelmus de Lodeva" and various donations made by bishops of Lodève[1417].

1. GUIRAUD de Lodève (-after 15 Jul 1298). Seigneur de Lodève. A charter dated 15 Jul 1298 an agreement between "domini Guiraudi de Lodova" and the town of Lodève regarding various matters[1418].

F. SEIGNEURS de MONTPELLIER

Arnaud de Verdale, a later bishop of Maguelone, recorded that the domains of Montpellier and Montpelléret ("Montispessulani et Montispessualanuli ville cum adjacentiis suis") were donated to the church of Maguelone by "due quondam…sorores, altera quarum Montempessulanum, Montempessulanulum altera" and that "Fulcranus, a Substantionensium comitum stemmate maternum sanguinem ducens, Magalonensis archidiaconus, gloriosissimus postmodum Lodovensis episcopus" was their brother[1419]. Soon afterwards Bishop Ricuin enfeoffed Guy with the part which was originally called Montpellier[1420]. The grant was supplemented by the charter dated 26 Nov 985 under which Comte Bernard and his wife Sénégonde granted property "in termino Montepestellario" to Guillaume[1421]. Montpellier was inherited by the kings of Aragon following the marriage of Marie de Montpellier and Pedro II King of Aragon, and was eventually incorporated into the kingdom of Mallorca. It was transferred to France in 1349.

1. GUY [Wido] (-[975/85]). Fulcran Bishop of Lodève, in his testament dated 988, donated property for the soul of "Pontii germani mei et…Guidonis", specifying that had received vineyards from Guy[1422]. There is no indication of Fulcran's relationship to Guy, if any, in this document. However, as discussed below under his wife Engelrada, it is possible that she was Bishop Fulcran's sister. Later, Guy was granted Montpellier by Bishop Ricuin[1423]. Settipani points out that the purpose of these donations by Bishop Ricuin of Maguelone (which, granted Montpellier to Guy and Montpelliéret to Deodatus and Arenfredus) was to enfeoff the nobles who were related to St Fulcran with land which they had previously donated to his predecessor[1424]. m ENGELRADA [Ingilrada/Aurucia][1425], granddaughter of BERNARD [I] Comte de Melgueil, daughter of [--- & his wife Blitgardis]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Granddaughter of Bernard [I] Comte de Melgueil. Settipani suggests that the wife of Guy was the daughter of an otherwise unknown son of Comte Bernard named Guillaume. However, as Guy was subsequently enfeoffed with the part originally called Montpellier by Bishop Ricuin[1426], it seems more reasonable to suppose that his wife was one of the original donors. If this is correct, Engelrada would have been one of the two sisters of Fulcran Bishop of Maguelone whom Arnaud de Verdale, a later bishop of Maguelone, recorded as donors of the domains of Montpellier and Montpelléret (see above, introduction to this Chapter)[1427]. This of course assumes that the later report of the donation is accurate. "Ingilrada femina" donated property "in comitatu Biterresne in villa Caunas" {Hérault} to Aniane, for "viro meo Widone defuncto et filiis meis Willermo Berengario et Petro", by charter dated 13 Jul [1000][1428]. Guy and his wife had [four] children:

a) GUILLAUME [I] ([955]-after 1025). "Ingilrada femina" donated property "in comitatu Biterresne in villa Caunas" {Hérault} to Aniane, for "viro meo Widone defuncto et filiis meis Willermo Berengario et Petro", by charter dated 13 Jul [1000][1429]. "Bernardus comes et uxor mea Senegundis" donated property "in civitatis Magalonensis in suburbia castri Substantionensis in terminio de villa Candianicus…et in terminio de Monte-Pestellario" to "Guillelmo" by charter dated 26 Nov 985[1430]. Seigneur de Montpellier. Guillaume [I] had no children and was succeeded by his nephew Guillaume.

b) BERENGER . "Ingilrada femina" donated property "in comitatu Biterresne in villa Caunas" {Hérault} to Aniane, for "viro meo Widone defuncto et filiis meis Willermo Berengario et Petro", by charter dated 13 Jul [1000][1431]. same person as…? [BERNARD] . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. It is possible that he is the same person as the son referred to in his mother's charter as Bérenger. m TRUDGARDIS, daughter of --- (-[1020]). The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. [Bernard] & his wife had one child:

i) GUILLAUME [II] [Bernard] (-before 1059). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He succeeded his uncle as Seigneur de Montpellier.

- see below.

c) PIERRE . "Ingilrada femina" donated property "in comitatu Biterresne in villa Caunas" {Hérault} to Aniane, for "viro meo Widone defuncto et filiis meis Willermo Berengario et Petro", by charter dated 13 Jul [1000][1432].

d) [GUIDENILDIS . Her supposed parentage is referred to by Duhamel-Amado who names her husband Engelen[1433], "en" being the Occitan counterpart of the Latin dominus, the name must be northern French "Goloin", from Godaloin, itself derived from the Frankish roots "Gud-al-win"[1434]. m as his second wife, GOLOIN du Pouget {Hérault}.

i) BERENGER . "Berengarius lo fil de Guidinel" confirmed that he would not take "lo castel d'el Pojet…en Golen" from "Guillen lo fil de Beliarde" by charter dated [23 May 1059/4 Aug 1060][1435].

GUILLAUME [II] [Bernard] de Montpellier, son of [BERNARD] & his wife Trudgardis --- (-before 1059). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. "Willelmus et alius Willelmus qui vocatur Bernardus…" signed the charter dated 1019 under which the abbey of Saint-Geniés was founded, the latter named "fils d'Adelais"[1436]. Seigneur de Montpellier.

m BELIARDE, daughter of ---. A charter dated 1058 between Ramón Berenguer [I] Conde de Barcelona and Raimond Bernard Vicomte de Béziers names (posthumously) Guillaume-Bernard as husband of Béliarde[1437].

Guillaume [II] & his wife had [three] children:

1. GUILLAUME [III] de Montpellier (-after 1068). "Berengarius lo fil de Guidinel" confirmed that he would not take "lo castel d'el Pojet…en Golen" from "Guillen lo fil de Beliarde" by charter dated [23 May 1059/4 Aug 1060][1438]. Seigneur de Montpellier.

2. [BERNARD GUILLAUME [IV] de Montpellier (-[1085]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He was the brother of Guillaume [III] according to Duhamel-Amado[1439] and Baumel[1440], but his son according to Settipani[1441]. 1058/1068. m as her first husband, ERMENGARDE, daughter of (-[1109]). Her son names his mother "Guillelmus filius Ermengardæ dominus Montispessulani" in a charter dated 1093[1442]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. She is often stated to be Ermengarde de Melgueil, daughter of Raymond [I] Comte de Melgueil & his wife Beatrix [de Poitou]. The documentation on which this is based has not yet been idenfied and it seems unlikely to be correct considering that her son´s wife would have been her niece. She married secondly Raymond Sire d'Anduze, the marriage being confirmed by the testament dated 1114 made “pergens contra paganos ad expugnandam Majoricam insulam”, by her son “Guillelmus Montipessulani” which bequeathed “castellum d´Omelas” to “Bernardo de Andusia fratri meo et infantibus suis”[1443]. Europäische Stammtafeln interprets this strangely as meaning that Bernard was the son of Guillaume [IV][1444]. Guillaume [IV] & his wife had one child:

a) GUILLAUME [V] de Montpellier ([1073/74]-before 21 Feb 1122). A charter dated 20 Dec 1090 records an agreement between the bishop of Maguelone and "Guillelmum de Monte peslier filium Ermengarde"[1445]. Seigneur de Montpellier.

- see below.

3. GUILLAUME AIMON de Montpellier (-before 24 Jan 1103). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. A charter dated to [1080] records an agreement between "Petrus comes" and "Guillelmo de Montepessulano et…Guillelmo-Aimono et…infantibus suis" to settle disputes and includes the betrothal of "filiam suam" and "Guillelmum suprascriptum"[1446]. "Guillaume fils d'Ermengarde" confirms a grant of property which "Guillemus Aymonis habuit…de B. Guillelmo avo meo" by charter dated 1103[1447]. m ---. The name of Guillaume Aimon's wife is not known. Guillaume Aimon & his wife had two children:

a) BERNARD GUILLAUME (-after 11 Mar 1119). The Histoire de Montpellier names "Raymond Guillaume…et Bernard Guillaume" as the children of Guillaume Aimon, without stating the primary source on which this is based, specifying that the latter was ancestor of the vicaires de Montpellier[1448]. Vicarius [viguier] of Montpellier. "Raimundus Guillelmi episcopus Nemausensis et frater eius Bernardus Guillelmi" requested "Montispessulani…vicarium" from "domino suo…Guillelmo Montispessulani" by charter dated 24 Jan 1103[1449]. "Raymundus Guillelmi episcopus Nemausensis et Bernardus frater eius" returned to Guillaume [V] Seigneur de Montpellier the land which the latter had entrusted to them after his return from the First Crusade[1450]. The testament of "Bernardus Guillelmus Montispessulani vicarius", dated 11 Mar 1119, divides his property between "filios meos Guillelmo Aimoino, Gaucelmo de Claret atque Raimundo Aimoino" on leaving for Jerusalem[1451]. m SENEGUNDIS, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1150 under which her son "Gaucelmus de Clareto filius Bernardi Guillelmi de Monte pessulano" divided property "de honore qui fuit Bernardi Guillelmi patris mei et avi eorum et Senegundis matris mee et avie eorum" between "Raimundo Aimono et Pelagoz filiis Guillelmi Aimoni nepotibus meis"[1452]. 1118. Bernard Guillaume & his wife had three children:

i) GUILLAUME AIMON (-before Apr 1139). Guillaume [V] Seigneur de Montpellier objected to the proposed marriage of "Faidit mon bourgeois…sa fille…Adelais" and "Guillaume Aymon, fils de Bernard Guillaume, vicaire" until certain questions concerning the payment of dues were resolved, by charter dated 11 Mar [1115][1453]. The testament of "Bernardus Guillelmus Montispessulani vicarius", dated 11 Mar 1119, divides his property between "filios meos Guillelmo Aimoino, Gaucelmo de Claret atque Raimundo Aimoino" on leaving for Jerusalem[1454]. Vicarius [viguier] of Montpellier. m (after 11 Mar [1115]) ADALMODE, daughter of --- & his wife Faidite ---. "Adalmus filia Faiditi et…Guillelmus Aimoinus maritus eius" renounced claims in favour of "Faidito et…Guillelmo Montispessulani" by charter dated 5 Sep 1113[1455]. Guillaume [V] Seigneur de Montpellier objected to the proposed marriage of "Faidit mon bourgeois…sa fille…Adelais" and "Guillaume Aymon, fils de Bernard Guillaume, vicaire" until certain questions concerning the payment of dues were resolved, by charter dated 11 Mar [1115][1456]. Guillaume Aimon & his wife had three children:

(a) GUILLAUME (-after Apr 1139). Guillaume [VI] Seigneur de Montpellier confirmed the vicariat of Montpellier to "Gaucelin de Claret…ses neveux Guillaume et Raymond Aimon et Pelagos leur frère" by charter dated Apr 1139[1457].

(b) RAYMOND AIMON (-after Nov 1182). Guillaume [VI] Seigneur de Montpellier confirmed the vicariat of Montpellier to "Gaucelin de Claret…ses neveux Guillaume et Raymond Aimon et Pelagos leur frère" by charter dated Apr 1139[1458]. Vicarius [viguier] of Montpellier. The vicaires de Montpellier rebelled against Guillaume [VI] Seigneur de Montpellier in 1141, forcing him into exile at Lattes {Hérault}, a harbour in the vicinity of Montpellier, for two years[1459]. "Gaucelmus de Clareto filius Bernardi Guillelmi de Monte pessulano" divided property "de honore qui fuit Bernardi Guillelmi patris mei et avi eorum et Senegundis matris mee et avie eorum" between "Raimundo Aimono et Pelagoz filiis Guillelmi Aimoni nepotibus meis" by charter dated 1150[1460]. The testament of Raymond Aimon dated Nov 1182 requests his burial at Maguelone and names "filium meum Bernardum Guillelmum…filie mee Aimoine…filie mee Adalmus…Alemande filie mee" and speculates on whether "Guillelme uxoris mee" was pregnant"[1461]. m GUILLELME, daughter of ---. The testament of Raymond Aimon dated Nov 1182 requests his burial at Maguelone and names "filium meum Bernardum Guillelmum…filie mee Aimoine…filie mee Adalmus…Alemande filie mee" and speculates on whether "Guillelme uxoris mee" was pregnant"[1462]. Raymond Aimon & his wife had four children:

(1) BERNARD GUILLAUME (-after Nov 1182). The testament of Raymond Aimon dated Nov 1182 requests his burial at Maguelone and names "filium meum Bernardum Guillelmum…filie mee Aimoine…filie mee Adalmus…Alemande filie mee"[1463].

(2) AIMONA (-after Nov 1182). A charter dated Apr 1178 records the settlement of a dispute between "Raimundum Aimoinum" and "Ricardam et Guillelmum de Monte Olivo maritum suum", over the inheritance of "Pelagocii", including the betrothal of "Raimundus Aimoini…filiam suam…Aimoina" and "Guillelmo filio Ricardis et Guillelmi de Monte Olivo"[1464]. The testament of Raymond Aimon dated Nov 1182 requests his burial at Maguelone and names "filium meum Bernardum Guillelmum…filie mee Aimoine…filie mee Adalmus…Alemande filie mee"[1465]. Her marriage is confirmed by the same document which refers to a settlement of a dispute involving "Aimoinem filiam quondam Raimundi et maritu ejus Guillelmus de Monte Olivo ex una parte". m (betrothed Apr 1178) GUILLAUME de Montolive, son of GUILLAUME de Montolive & his wife Ricarda ---.

(3) ADALMODE (-after Nov 1182). The testament of Raymond Aimon dated Nov 1182 requests his burial at Maguelone and names "filium meum Bernardum Guillelmum…filie mee Aimoine…filie mee Adalmus…Alemande filie mee"[1466]. Her marriage is confirmed by the same document which refers to "Adalmus sororem ipsius Aimoine et maritum ejus Raimundum Bernardum de Monte Petroso". m RAIMOND BERNARD de Montpeyroux .

(4) ALAMANDE (-after Nov 1182). The testament of Raymond Aimon dated Nov 1182 requests his burial at Maguelone and names "filium meum Bernardum Guillelmum…filie mee Aimoine…filie mee Adalmus…Alemande filie mee"[1467].

(c) PELAGOS (-before Apr 1178). Guillaume [VI] Seigneur de Montpellier confirmed the vicariat of Montpellier to "Gaucelin de Claret…ses neveux Guillaume et Raymond Aimon et Pelagos leur frère" by charter dated Apr 1139[1468]. "Gaucelmus de Clareto filius Bernardi Guillelmi de Monte pessulano" divided property "de honore qui fuit Bernardi Guillelmi patris mei et avi eorum et Senegundis matris mee et avie eorum" between "Raimundo Aimono et Pelagoz filiis Guillelmi Aimoni nepotibus meis" by charter dated 1150[1469]. A charter dated Apr 1178 records the settlement of a dispute between "Raimundum Aimoinum" and "Ricardam et Guillelmum de Monte Olivo maritum suum", over the inheritance of "Pelagocii", including the betrothal of "Raimundus Aimoini…filiam suam…Aimoina" and "Guillelmo filio Ricardis et Guillelmi de Monte Olivo"[1470].

ii) GAUCELIN de Claret (-after 31 Jul 1159). The testament of "Bernardus Guillelmus Montispessulani vicarius", dated 11 Mar 1119, divides his property between "filios meos Guillelmo Aimoino, Gaucelmo de Claret atque Raimundo Aimoino" on leaving for Jerusalem[1471]. Guillaume [VI] Seigneur de Montpellier confirmed the vicariat of Montpellier to "Gaucelin de Claret…ses neveux Guillaume et Raymond Aimon et Pelagos leur frère" by charter dated Apr 1139[1472]. "Gaucelmus de Clareto filius Bernardi Guillelmi de Monte pessulano" divided property "de honore qui fuit Bernardi Guillelmi patris mei et avi eorum et Senegundis matris mee et avie eorum" between "Raimundo Aimono et Pelagoz filiis Guillelmi Aimoni nepotibus meis" by charter dated 1150[1473]. m AGNES de Castries, daughter of ELZEAR de Castries {Hérault} & his wife Engelrade de Salvaing (-[1151/1159])[1474]. "Agnes filia Engeralde" swore allegiance to "Willermum abbatem Anianensem filium Beliardis" for "castello de Salviano" by charter dated 1151, witnessed by "...G. de Salviano et B. fratris eius, A. de Salviano, G. de Salviano..."[1475]. Her first marriage is indicated by the charter dated 10 Jan 1169 under which "Elisarius et...Arnaudus Guillermi fratris eius" (presumably her grandsons) acknowledged allegiance to Aniane for "castello de Salviano", confirming actions of "parentes et antecessores mei...Guillermus de Salviano et Engeralda soror eius et Elisiarius maritus predicte Engeralde et Gaucelmus de Clareto et Agnes uxor eius"[1476]. Gaucelin & his wife had two children:

(a) ELZEAR (-after 10 Jan 1169). "Eleazar fils de Gaucelin de Claret…" witnessed the contract of marriage between "Guillelmus Montispessulani dominus" and "Mathildem sororem ducis Burgundie" dated 25 Feb 1157[1477]. "Elisarius et...Arnaudus Guillermi fratris eius" acknowledged allegiance to Aniane for "castello de Salviano", confirming actions of "parentes et antecessores mei...Guillermus de Salviano et Engeralda soror eius et Elisiarius maritus predicte Engeralde et Gaucelmus de Clareto et Agnes uxor eius" by charter dated 10 Jan 1169[1478]. m ADELAIS de Cognatio, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 19 Jul 1190 under which her son "Elisarius filius Aladaiz de Cognatio" acknowledged allegiance to Aniane for "castello de Salviano", confirming actions of "parentes et antecessores mei...Guillermus de Salviano et Engeralda soror eius et Elisiarius maritus predicte Engeralde et Gaucelinus de Clareto et Annes uxor eius et Elisarius pater meus et Arnaldus Guillermi avunculus meus"[1479]. Elzear & his wife had one child:

(1) ELZEAR (-after 19 Jul 1190). "Elisarius filius Aladaiz de Cognatio" acknowledged allegiance to Aniane for "castello de Salviano", confirming actions of "parentes et antecessores mei...Guillermus de Salviano et Engeralda soror eius et Elisiarius maritus predicte Engeralde et Gaucelinus de Clareto et Annes uxor eius et Elisarius pater meus et Arnaldus Guillermi avunculus meus" by charter dated 19 Jul 1190[1480].

(b) ARNAUD GUILLAUME (-after 10 Jan 1169). "Elisarius et...Arnaudus Guillermi fratris eius" acknowledged allegiance to Aniane for "castello de Salviano", confirming actions of "parentes et antecessores mei...Guillermus de Salviano et Engeralda soror eius et Elisiarius maritus predicte Engeralde et Gaucelmus de Clareto et Agnes uxor eius" by charter dated 10 Jan 1169[1481].

iii) RAYMOND AIMON (-after 11 Mar 1119). The testament of "Bernardus Guillelmus Montispessulani vicarius", dated 11 Mar 1119, divides his property between "filios meos Guillelmo Aimoino, Gaucelmo de Claret atque Raimundo Aimoino" on leaving for Jerusalem[1482].

b) RAYMOND GUILLAUME (-1112 or after). The Histoire de Montpellier names "Raymond Guillaume…et Bernard Guillaume" as the children of Guillaume Aimon, without stating the primary source on which this is based, specifying that the former was bishop of Nîmes from 1098 to 1112[1483]. Bishop of Nîmes 1098. "Raimundus Guillelmi episcopus Nemausensis et frater eius Bernardus Guillelmi" requested "Montispessulani…vicarium" from "domino suo…Guillelmo Montispessulani" by charter dated 24 Jan 1103[1484]. "Raymundus Guillelmi episcopus Nemausensis et Bernardus frater eius" returned to Guillaume [V] Seigneur de Montpellier the land which the latter had entrusted to them after his return from the First Crusade[1485].

GUILLAUME [V] de Montpellier, son of BERNARD GUILLAUME [IV] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Ermengarde --- (-before 21 Feb 1122). Seigneur de Montpellier. A charter dated to [1080] records an agreement between "Petrus comes" and "Guillelmo de Montepessulano et…Guillelmo-Aimono et…infantibus suis" to settle disputes, naming "pater suus Bernardus Willelmus", and includes the betrothal of "filiam suam" and "Guillelmum suprascriptum"[1486]. A charter dated 20 Dec 1090 records an agreement between the bishop of Maguelone and "Guillelmum de Monte peslier filium Ermengarde"[1487]. He took part in the First Crusade. Albert of Aix names "…Willelmus de Montphelyr…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[1488]. Tudebodus names "Willelmo de Monte Pislerio" among those who sailed with Raymond de Saint-Gilles Comte de Toulouse in 1097 as part of the First Crusade[1489]. William of Tyre names "Willelmus de Monte Pessulano" among those present at the capture of Antioch in 1098[1490]. In Dec 1098, he commanded a contingent which captured Maarat an-Numan[1491]. Before going to Palestine, Guillaume [V] borrowed money from Bernard Guillaume and Raimond Guillaume Bishop of Nîmes, both sons of Guillaume Aimon, giving in exchange several feudal rights which he strained to recover when he returned[1492]. William of Malmesbury records that "William of Montpellier" accompanied the widow and young son of Raymond de Saint-Gilles Comte de Toulouse back to Europe in [1105][1493]. Under his testament dated 1114 made “pergens contra paganos ad expugnandam Majoricam insulam”, “Guillelmus Montipessulani” bequeathed “castellum d´Omelas” to “Bernardo de Andusia fratri meo et infantibus suis”[1494]. This testament confirms the second marriage of Guillaume´s mother, although Europäische Stammtafeln interprets this strangely as meaning that Bernard was the son of Guillaume [IV][1495]. "Guillelmus de Montepessulano filius Guillelmi de Monte pessulano" swore allegiance to the bishop of Maguelone by charter dated to [1119][1496]. Under his testament dated 1121, "Guillelmi Montispessulani, filii Ermeniardis" bequeathed the town of Montpellier to "Guillelmo filio meo majori", the castra of Aumelas, Montarnaud, Popian, Saint-Pons[-de-Mauchiens] and Maderns {ruins in Fontès} {all Hérault} to "Guillelmo filio meo minori", the castrum of Villeneuve [-lès-Maguelone, Hérault} to "Bernardo filio meo", specifying the order of possible substitutions his daughters Guillemette, then Ermenardis and finally Adelais, and also specifying that his wife was pregnant requesting a male child to be made a monk at "Sancti Salvatori Aniane"[1497].

m (Betrothed [1080]) ERMESENDE de Melgeuil, daughter of PIERRE Comte de Melgueil & his wife Almodis de Toulouse (-after 5 Jun 1156). A charter dated to [1080] records an agreement between "Petrus comes" and "Guillelmo de Montepessulano et…Guillelmo-Aimono et…infantibus suis" to settle disputes and includes the betrothal of "filiam suam" and "Guillelmum suprascriptum"[1498]. Her name is confirmed by her son's charter which names him "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende"[1499]. Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" mentions his mother as still alive ("pretera post obitum domine mee matris, infirmis")[1500]. The testament of “Guillelmus de Omellacio”, dated 5 Jun 1156, bequeathes “usumfructum honoris...de Valle“ to “matri meæ Ermesendi“[1501].

Guillaume [V] & his wife had six children:

1. GUILLAUME [VI] de Montpellier (-after 1161). Under his testament dated 1121, "Guillelmi Montispessulani, filii Ermeniardis" bequeathed the town of Montpellier to "Guillelmo filio meo majori"[1502]. Seigneur de Montpellier.

- see below.

2. GUILLAUME de Montpellier "d'Omelas" (-[8 Mar/15 Jun] 1156). Under his testament dated 1121, "Guillelmi Montispessulani, filii Ermeniardis" bequeathed the castra of Aumelas, Montarnaud, Popian, Saint-Pons[-de-Mauchiens] and Maderns {ruins in Fontès} {all Hérault} to "Guillelmo filio meo minori"[1503]. Pierre abbé d'Aniane granted property rights to "Guillelmo [domino] de Omellatis filio Guillelmi de Montepussulano" by charter dated 1122[1504]. He is named with his parents in a charter dated 1124 "domine mee Hermesendi, uxori Guillelmi de Monte pessulano, et filio tuo Guillelmus Homelatis…"[1505]. "Willelmus de Omelacio" founded the abbey of Valmagne by charter dated 1138[1506]. The testament of “Guillelmus de Omellacio”, dated 8 Mar 1156 and opened 15 Jun 1156, bequeathes “castrum de Montebaseno...villam de sancto Georgio de Cornone-sicco, et castrum de Mazernis, et castrum de Monte-Adino“ to “filiæ meæ Tiburgiæ uxori Ademari de Muroveteri“ (specifying that she should leave “castrum de Montebaseno“ to “filio suo Sicardo“ and if he dies early to “Raimundo Atoni filio suo“), “villam de Muroveteri“ to “alii filiæ meæ Tiburgæ, uxori quondam Gaufridi de Mornas“, “castro de Omellas...et castro Montis-Arnaldi...castro de Popiano et castro de Pojet et castro sancti Poncii et castro de Frontiniane et castro de Villanova...et honore de Valle...et castro de Piniano“ to “Raimbaldum filium meum“, “usumfructum honoris...de Valle“ to “matri meæ Ermesendi“[1507]. m (after 1118) as her second husband, TIBURGE d'Orange, widow of GERAUD Adhémar, daughter and heiress of RAIMBAUD Comte d'Orange & his wife --- (-after 7 Nov 1136). The primary source which confirms her parentage and first marriage has not yet been identified. Heiress of Orange. Her second marriage can be deduced from the testament of Tiburge princesse d'Orange which is dated [1146?], and names Bertrand de Baux husband of her daughter Tiburge, his son Guillaume V, her son Raimbaud IV, and Adhemar de Murvieux husband of her daughter Tiburgete[1508], read together with the testament of her second husband which names the same children[1509].

- COMTES d'ORANGE.

3. GUILLEMETTE de Montpellier (-after Jul 1149). Under his testament dated 1121, "Guillelmi Montispessulani, filii Ermeniardis" specified the order of possible substitutions in case his sons died (in order) "Guillelmam filiam meam…Ermeniardem filiam meam…Adelaidem filiam meam"[1510]. The marriage contract between “Guillelmus de Montepessulano…filia mea…Guillelmam” and “Raimundo Melgoriensi comiti” is dated 1120[1511] (dated 18 Jan 1121 in the cartulaire of Maguelone[1512]), "Raimundo" presumably being an error for "Bernardo". “Bernardus comes Melgorii et…Guillelma comitissa” donated property to the church of Saint-Romain de Melgueil by charter dated Sep 1128[1513]. m (contract 18 Jan 1121) BERNARD [V] Comte de Melgueil, son of RAYMOND Comte de Melgueil & his second wife Marie --- (-St Chaffre-en-Velay 1132).

4. ERMENGARDE de Montpellier (-after 1121). Under his testament dated 1121, "Guillelmi Montispessulani, filii Ermeniardis" specified the order of possible substitutions in case his sons died (in order) "Guillelmam filiam meam…Ermeniardem filiam meam…Adelaidem filiam meam"[1514].

5. ADELAIS de Montpellier (-after 1121). Under his testament dated 1121, "Guillelmi Montispessulani, filii Ermeniardis" specified the order of possible substitutions in case his sons died (in order) "Guillelmam filiam meam…Ermeniardem filiam meam…Adelaidem filiam meam"[1515].

6. BERNARD de Montpellier (-before 1156). Under his testament dated 1121, "Guillelmi Montispessulani, filii Ermeniardis" bequeathed the castrum of Villeneuve [-lès-Maguelone, Hérault} to "Bernardo filio meo"[1516]. Seigneur de Popian.

GUILLAUME [VI] de Montpellier, son of GUILLAUME [V] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Ermesende de Melgueil (-after 1161). Under his testament dated 1121, "Guillelmi Montispessulani, filii Ermeniardis" bequeathed the town of Montpellier to "Guillelmo filio meo majori"[1517]. Seigneur de Montpellier. He was forced out of Montpellier by a revolt organised by his cousins the vicaires de Montpellier in 1141, remaining in exile at Latas for two years[1518]. Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" mentions his mother as still alive ("pretera post obitum domine mee matris, infirmis"), bequeathes the town of Montpellier and the castra of Montferrier [-sur-Lez] {Hérault} and the city of Tortosa {Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain} to "Guillelmo filio meo majori", Castrum novum {probably Castelnau-le-Lez, Hérault, near Montpellier} and Salzetum to "Guillelmo filio meo minori", states that "Raimundus Guillelmi filius meus" has been entrusted as an oblate at Cluny, entrusts "Bernardum Guillelmum filium meum" to his oldest son until he is 18 years old, bequeathes the castra of Le Pouget and Paulhan {both Hérault} to "filio meo Guidoni", and names his daughters Guillemette, Adelais and Ermessende[1519]. In 1147, Guillaume [VI] became a monk at the abbey of Grandselve {Bouillac, Tarn-et-Garonne}[1520]. His date of death is set by the charter dated 1161 which records the settlement agreed between “Guillelmum Montispessulani et Guidonem fratrem suum”, naming “Guillelmo de Tortosa fratri suo...Guillelmus Montispessuli monachus pater eorum"[1521].

m (contract Aug 1129) SIBILLA del Vasto, daughter of BONIFACIO Marchese del Vasto [Monferrrato] & his second wife Agnès de Vermandois (-before 11 Dec 1146). "Bonifacius marchio" provided dowries for "filiabus…Sibilie et Adalaxia et alie filie si ex hac uxore nata fuit" by charter dated 1125[1522]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to (but does not name) the first of the daughters of "Hugonem Magnum [et] Adelaide comitissa Veromandensium" as wife of "Bonefacius marchio", parents of "Bonefacium archidiaconum Noviomensem et filios et filias, quarum una nupsit Guilelmo de Monte-pessulano"[1523]. The contract of marriage between "Guillelmus de Montispessulano" and "sponsam meam…Sibiliam" is dated Aug 1129 and lists her dowry as "castrum…Monsferrarius et Castrum Novum et villam de Sustancione et villam de Salzeto et villam Sancti Martini de Crecio" (Montferrier, Castelnau-le-Lez, Substantion, Salzetum, Le Crès {Hérault})[1524]. According to documentation, identified by Johannes Vincke[1525], relating to the divorce on grounds of consanguinity of Marie de Montpellier and her husband, the wife of Guillaume [VI] was Sibilla del Vasto. In this text, several of Marie's relatives bore witness to the couple's shared ancestry, in particular "dominam Clemenciam amitam regine" (Clémence de Montpellier, sister of Guillaume [VIII] Seigneur de Montpellier) declared that "Bonifatius marchio habuit tres infantes…Bonefacium et Guillelmum marchionem et Sibiliam. De Bonifatio exivit domina Maria uxor domini Bernardo de Andusia, de Guillelmo marchione exivit comitissa de Bigorra, et de comitissa de Bigorra exivit uxor Bernardoni comitis Convenarum. De Sibilia exivit Guillelmus de Montepessulano, et de Guillelmo Montispessulani exivit Guillelmus pater Marie regine Aragonum. Hec ita vera esse audivit ab antecessoribus suis et a domino B. de Andusia et a domino episcopo Cyffricensi fratre eius, et a domina Marchisa eius uxore, et a domino R. episcopo Litteuensi et a multis aliis". However, it should not be assumed that this documentation is completely accurate. The ancestry attributed to Bernard Comte de Comminges in the extract quoted above appears to be incorrect. In addition, in another part of the text several witnesses incorrectly state that the mother of Mathilde de Bourgogne was a daughter of Renaud Comte de Bourgogne.

Guillaume [VI] & his wife had eight children:

1. GUILLEMETTE de Montpellier (-after 29 Sep 1173). Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" mentions his daughters Guillemette, Adalais and Ermessende, requesting that "Guillelme filie mee cum marito suo" be given the rest of her dowry[1526]. "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Nemausensis et...Guillelma uxor eius" issued a charter dated 1146[1527]. "Bernardus-Ato vicecomes Nemausensium" granted property, with the support of "Guillelmæ uxoris meæ", by charter dated 1151[1528]. The primary source which confirms her marriage more precisely has not yet been identified, although it is indicated by the testament dated 29 Sep 1173 of "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" which names "…Guillelma soror mea et filius ejus Bernardus Atho…"[1529]. m (1146 or before) BERNARD ATON [V] Vicomte d'Agde, son of BERNARD ATON [IV] Vicomte d'Albi, de Nîmes, de Carcassonne, de Béziers et d'Agde & his wife Cécile de Provence (-[1159]).

2. GUILLAUME [VII] de Montpellier (-[29 Sep 1172/May 1173], bur Abbaye de Granselve). Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" bequeathes the town of Montpellier and the castra of Montferrier [-sur-Lez] {Hérault} and the city of Tortosa {Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain} to "Guillelmo filio meo majori"[1530]. Seigneur de Montpellier. "Guillelmus de Montepessulano filius Guillelmi de Monte pessulano et Sibilie" swore allegiance to the bishop of Maguelone by charter dated Feb 1152[1531]. "Bertrandus comes Melgorii filius Beatricis comitissæ Melgorii et Bernardi Peleti comitis Melgorii" granted his property at St Julien de Grabels and St Gervais de Juviniac to "Guillaume de Montpellier fils de Sibille" by charter dated Jun 1171[1532]. Under his testament dated 29 Sep 1172, "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" states that his wife Mathilde was already deceased and requests payment of her debts, requests burial at the abbaye de Grandselve (Cist.) {Bouillac, Tarn-et-Garonne}, adding that he gives "Raimundum filium meum" as a monk to the same monastery, names "Guillelmo filio meo majori" as his principal heir, commands "filius meus major Guillelmus" to take care of "Guillelmo fratri suo", recalls that "Guidonem filium meus" had been entrusted to the Knights Templars for six years and would himself become a Knight Templar six years later if his two older brothers were still alive, names "Sibiliam filia mea matrimonio collocavi Raimundo Gaucelmi", recalling her dowry, his daughters "Guillelme…Adelais…Marie", stating that they should each receive the same dowry, recalls that he gave "Clementiam filiam meam" to the monastery of Tarn, and names "Guido frater meus…Guillelma soror mea et filius ejus Bernardus Atho…Stephanus de Cerviano nepos meus…"[1533]. m (contract Montpellier 25 Feb 1157) MATHILDE de Bourgogne, daughter of HUGUES II "Borel/le Pacifique" Duke of Burgundy & his wife Mathilde de Mayenne ([1135]-before 29 Sep 1172). The contract of marriage between "Guillelmus Montispessulani dominus" and "Mathildem sororem Ducis Burgundiæ" is dated 25 Feb 1157, and names "Guillelmus de Tortosa frater meus"[1534]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to, but does not name, one of the sisters (named first in the list of sisters) of "Lingones…episcopus Galterus [et] episcopum Eduensem Henricum" as "mater Guilelmi de Montepessulano domni"[1535]. Under his testament dated 29 Sep 1172, "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" states that his wife Mathilde was already deceased and requests payment of her debts[1536]. Guillaume [VII] & his wife had nine children:

a) SIBYLLE de Montpellier . Under his testament dated 29 Sep 1172, "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" names "Sibiliam filia mea matrimonio collocavi Raimundo Gaucelmi", recalling her dowry[1537]. As she is the only daughter whose husband is named in the document, it is assumed that she was the only married daughter at the time and that therefore she was probably one of the couple's oldest children. m (before 29 Sep 1172) RAYMOND GAUCELM Seigneur de Lunel {Hérault}. Raymond Gaucelm & his wife had one child:

i) B. GAUCELM (May 1184-). The Thalamus de Montpellier records the birth in May 1184 of "B. Gaucelin fill de la filha den G. de Montpellier"[1538].

b) GUILLAUME [VIII] de Montpellier (-Sep 1203). Under his testament dated 29 Sep 1172, "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" names "Guillelmo filio meo majori" as his principal heir[1539]. Seigneur de Montpellier.

- see below.

c) GUILLAUME de Montpellier (after [1159]-[29 Sep 1173/1180]). Under his testament dated 29 Sep 1172, "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" commands "filius meus major Guillelmus" to take care of "Guillelmo fratri suo"[1540]. This text implies that the younger Guillaume was a minor at this date, maybe under 14 years of age. His death before [1180] is suggested by the marriage of his younger brother Guy who, under the terms of their father's testament, was expected to become a Knight Templar six years from the date of the testament on condition that his two older brothers were still alive.

d) GUY "Burgundion" de Montpellier (after [1159]-[Nov 1182/1183]). Under his testament dated 29 Sep 1172, "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" recalls that "Guidonem filium meus" had been entrusted to the Knights Templars for six years and would himself become a Knight Templar six years later if his two older brothers were still alive[1541]. It is not known at what age a Knight Templar would have been installed, but presumably not before the age of 18, which gives some indication of Guy's birth date. Notwithstanding this testamentary provision, Guy married, which suggests that the younger of his older brothers may have died. In his testament dated Feb 1178, "Guido Guerregiatus" bequeathed "Paollanum" (Paulhan) to "Bergundioni nepoti meo". The testament of "Borguenonius filius quondam D. Guillelmi Montispessulani et D. Mathildis ducisse" is dated Nov 1182 and bequeathes his property in the bishopric of Melgueil to "fratri meo Guillelmo D. Montispessulani", "totum quod Petrus Ermengavi frater suus habuit in castro de Pojeto" to "Ermessindi sorori quondam Petri Ermengavi et infantibus Raymundi de Castriis", and appoints "filiæ meæ Burgundiosæ" as his heir, a later addition appointing "Adelais de Cognas uxor sua" as guardian of his daughter[1542]. m ([1180/81]) as her second husband, ADELAIS de Conas [de Cognatio/de Cognatz] {Pézénas, Hérault}[1543], widow of ---, daughter of ---. The testament of "Borguenonius filius quondam D. Guillelmi Montispessulani et D. Mathildis ducisse" is dated Nov 1182 and appoints "filiæ meæ Burgundiosæ" as his heir, a later addition appointing "Adelais de Cognas uxor sua" as guardian of his daughter[1544]. A charter dated Feb 1183 records that "Burgundionæ filiæ suæ" had died and the settlement of the resulting dispute between "Guillelmum D. Montispessulani" and "Adalaiciam de Cognacio uxorem quondam D. Burgundionis fratris ipsius"[1545]. Guy & his wife had one child:

i) BURGONDIONE (-[Nov 1182/Feb 1183]). The testament of "Borguenonius filius quondam D. Guillelmi Montispessulani et D. Mathildis ducisse" is dated Nov 1182 and appoints "filiæ meæ Burgundiosæ" as his heir, a later addition appointing "Adelais de Cognas uxor sua" as guardian of his daughter[1546]. A charter dated Feb 1183 records that "Burgundionæ filiæ suæ" had died and the settlement of the resulting dispute between "Guillelmum D. Montispessulani" and "Adalaiciam de Cognacio uxorem quondam D. Burgundionis fratris ipsius"[1547].

e) RAYMOND de Montpellier (-1213 or after). Under his testament dated 29 Sep 1172, "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" states that he gives "Raimundum filium meum" as a monk to the abbaye de Grandselve (Cist.) {Bouillac, Tarn-et-Garonne}[1548]. Bishop of Lodève. Bishop of Agde 1192..

f) GUILLEMETTE "Marchisia" de Montpellier (-after [1209]). Under his testament dated 29 Sep 1172, "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" names his daughters "Guillelme…Adelais…Marie", stating that they should each receive the same dowry as their sister Sibylle[1549]. "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani" granted "filiam meam Guillelmam" to "Bertrando de Andusia et uxori tuæ Adalaiz" for four years from "hoc festo sanctæ Mariæ Februarii", after which she would be married to "filio vestro Raimundo de Rocafolio", by charter dated Nov 1109, but redated to Nov 1169[1550]. "Raimundus de Rocafolio et…Guillelma uxor ejus que vocor Marchisia" acknowledged payment by "Guillemus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Mathildis ducisse" of the dowry promised to her, by charter dated Oct 1200[1551]. According to documentation, identified by Johannes Vincke[1552], relating to the divorce on grounds of consanguinity of Marie de Montpellier and her husband Pedro King of Aragon, "dominam Clemenciam amitam regine" (Clémence de Montpellier, sister of Guillaume [VIII] Seigneur de Montpellier) made a declaration concerning the couple's consanguinity. m (contract Nov 1169, [1174]) RAYMOND d'Anduze Seigneur de Roquefeuil et de Meyrueis, Vicomte de Creissels, Comptor de Nant, son of BERNARD [V] d'Anduze Seigneur d'Anduze & his wife Adelais de Roquefeuil (-after Oct 1200).

g) ADELAIS de Montpellier (-after 29 Sep 1172). Under his testament dated 29 Sep 1172, "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" names his daughters "Guillelme…Adelais…Marie", stating that they should each receive the same dowry as their sister Sibylle[1553].

h) MARIE de Montpellier (-after 29 Sep 1172). Under his testament dated 29 Sep 1172, "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" names his daughters "Guillelme…Adelais…Marie", stating that they should each receive the same dowry as their sister Sibylle[1554].

i) CLEMENCE de Montpellier (-after 20 Apr 1213). Under his testament dated 29 Sep 1172, "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" recalls that he gave "Clementiam filiam meam" to the monastery of Tarn[1555]. In his testament dated 4 Nov 1202, Guillaume [VIII] Seigneur de Montpellier named "…Clementiæ sorori meæ…viro suo Rostagno de Sabino"[1556]. "Maria filia quondam domini Montispessulani…Regina Aragoniæ, comitissa Barchinonis" granted Montpellier to "Petro…Regi Aragoniæ, comiti Barchinonis marito meo" by charter dated Sep 1205, witnessed by "…Domina Clementia…"[1557]. The testament of "Maria regina Aragonum et domina Montispessulani" is dated 20 Apr 1213, naming "dominæ Clementiæ amitæ meæ"[1558]. m (before Sep 1199, divorced) as his first wife, ROSTAIN [III] de Sabran, son of GUILLAUME de Sabran & his wife --- (-before 19 Jun 1209). Constable of the count of Toulouse in Provence.

3. GUILLAUME de Montpellier "de Tortosa" (-after 1157). Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" bequeathes Castrum novum {probably Castelnau-le-Lez, Hérault, near Montpellier} and Salzetum to "Guillelmo filio meo minori"[1559]. The contract of marriage between "Guillelmus Montispessulani dominus" and "Mathildem sororem Ducis Burgundiæ" is dated 25 Feb 1157, and names "Guillelmus de Tortosa frater meus"[1560]. He became a Teutonic knight in 1157. "Guillelmus de Tortosa" made his testament dated Oct 1157, bequeathing "castrum…de Castriis…ex uxore quam ex paterna successione" to "Guillelmo Montispessulani domino fratri meo"[1561]. m (contract Jul 1153) ERMESENDE de Castries, daughter of DALMAS de Castries & his wife Cecilia --- (-1157). "Guillelmus de Tortosa" granted property "in Sosteniensem {Substantion, Hérault}" to "uxori mee…Ermessens" by undated charter[1562]. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified, although her husband's testament clarifies that "castrum…de Castriis" was inherited from her father (see above). She died in childbirth[1563].

4. RAYMOND GUILLAUME de Montpellier (-1201). Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" states that "Raimundus Guillelmi filius meus" has been entrusted as an oblate at Cluny[1564]. Monk at Cluny. Bishop of Beziers until 1166. Abbot of Amiens 1172/1187. Bishop of Lodève 1187.

5. BERNARD GUILLAUME de Montpellier (-before [1172]). Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" entrusts "Bernardum Guillelmum filium meum" to his oldest son until he is 18 years old[1565].

6. GUY "Guerregiat" de Montpellier (-Valmagne after Feb 1177). Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" bequeathes the castra of Le Pouget and Paulhan {both Hérault} to "filio meo Guidoni"[1566]. He was at war with his brother Guillaume [VII] in 1161[1567]. A charter dated 1161 records the settlement agreed between “Guillelmum Montispessulani et Guidonem fratrem suum”, naming “Guillelmo de Tortosa fratri suo...Guillelmus Montispessuli monachus pater eorum"[1568]. "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani et…Guido eius patruus atque tutor" recognised the rights of the church of Maguelone over "mons Sancti Baudilii" by charter dated May 1173[1569]. Under his testament dated 29 Sep 1172, "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" names "Guido frater meus…"[1570]. In his testament dated Feb 1178, "Guido Guerregiatus" referred to "uxori mee" and bequeathed "Castelum Novum...et villam de Sostanzon, et villam de Crez" (Castelnau-le-Lez, Substantion and Le Crès) to "Guillelmo de Montispessulano" and "Paollanum" (Paulhan) to "Bergundioni nepoti meo". He became a monk at Valmagne {Villeveyrac, Hérault} (Cîteaux). m (before 1177) ---. In his testament dated Feb 1178, "Guido Guerregiatus" referred to "uxori mee".

7. ADELAIS de Montpellier (-1174 or after). Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" names "filias meas…Guillelme… Adalais et Ermesendam"[1571]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis names "filia Guillelmi de Montepislerio…Alaiz" as wife of "Ebolus" who was buried "apud castrum Cassinum" after dying on the return journey from Jerusalem[1572]. "Ebolus vicecomes Ventedornensis" granted exemptions from taxes to Notre-Dame de Dalon by charter dated 1174, witnessed by "Raimundus frater meus Lemovicensis canonicus…Aimo patruus meus…Alaiz mater mea…"[1573]. m ([1151]) as his second wife, EBLES [III] Vicomte de Ventadour, son of EBLES [II] Vicomte de Ventadour & his wife Agnes de Montluçon (-1170, bur Montecassino).

8. ERMESENDE de Montpellier . Under his testament dated 11 Dec 1146, "Guillelmus de Montispessulano, filius Ermesende" names "filias meas…Guillelme… Adalais et Ermesendam"[1574]. Her marriage is indicated by the testament dated 29 Sep 1172 of "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" which names "…Stephanus de Cerviano nepos meus…"[1575]. m [RAYMOND ETIENNE de Servian] {Hérault}, son of [ETIENNE de Servian and his wife ---] (-1158)[1576]. Ermesende & her husband had one child:

a) ETIENNE de Servian (-after 29 Sep 1172). Under his testament dated 29 Sep 1172, "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" names "…Stephanus de Cerviano nepos meus…"[1577].

GUILLAUME [VIII] de Montpellier, son of GUILLAUME [VII] Seigneur de Montpellier & his wife Mathilde de Bourgogne (-Sep 1203). Under his testament dated 29 Sep 1172, "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" names "Guillelmo filio meo majori" as his principal heir[1578]. Seigneur de Montpellier. "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani et…Guido eius patruus atque tutor" recognised the rights of the church of Maguelone over "mons Sancti Baudilii" by charter dated May 1173[1579]. "Guillelmus dominus Montis pessulani filius Matildis" swore allegiance to the bishop of Maguelone by charter dated Apr 1184[1580]. "Guillelmus…Montispessulani, filius quondam Mathildis ducisse" disinherited his oldest daughter Marie on her second marriage in Dec 1197 in favour of his oldest son by his second (bigamous) marriage[1581]. "Raimundus de Rocafolio et…Guillelma uxor ejus que vocor Marchisia" acknowledged payment by "Guillemus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Mathildis ducisse" of the dowry promised to her, by charter dated Oct 1200[1582]. The abbot of Aniane granted property to "Guillermo domini Montispessulani filio quondam Mathilde ducisse" by charter dated 12 Jun 1202[1583]. In his testament dated 4 Nov 1202, he bequeathed Montpellier to "Guillelmum filium meum primogenitum", Tortosa to "Thome filio meo qui dicitur Tortosa", left money for "Raimundum filium meum" to become a monk at "Grandis-sylvæ", for "Bernardium Guillelmum filium meum" to become a canon "Girundæ et Lodoicensem", for "Guidonem filium meum" to become a monk at Cluny, for "filium meum Burgundionem" to become a canon "de Podio", left money to "filiæ meæ Mariæ…et comes Convenarum maritus eius", left money to "filiabus meis Agneti et Adalaiz", and named "Agnes uxor mea" and "patruus meus Guido…fratris mei Bergundionis…Clementiæ sorori meæ…viro suo Rostagno de Sabino"[1584]. The Thalamus de Montpellier records the death in Sep 1203 of "G. de Montpellier"[1585].

m firstly ([1180], divorced Apr 1187) EVDOKIA Komnene, daughter of --- ([1160/64]-[Nov 1202/Jun 1204]). The parentage of Evdokia is not known. According to Sturdza[1586], she was the daughter of Alexios Komnenos, son of sébastocrator Andronikos Komnenos (older brother of Emperor Manuel I) but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. Barzos suggests[1587] that she was the daughter of Isaakios Komnenos, son of Emperor Ioannes II, writing that "if Eudokia [K. 143, according to his numbering] were not the daughter of Isaakios [K. 78], then she would be a daughter of Ioannes [K. 128] [son of Andronikos Komnenos sébastocrator]". However, there appear to be too many unknown factors in the genealogy of the Komnenos family for arguments by elimination to be reliable. The Histoire de Montpellier recounts that she travelled to Europe to marry Alfonso II King of Aragon, but found that he was already married to Sancha de Castilla (18 Jan 1174)[1588] when she arrived, that she and her retinue waited for instructions from the emperor at Montpellier, where Guillaume [VIII] proposed marriage to her[1589]. The Annales Pisani (probably written [1182]) records that "l'Imperatore Emanuel" sent his envoys to arrange the betrothal of "una sua nepote…al fratello del Re di Aragona" (Raymond Bérenger III Comte de Provence), the projected marriage aimed at thwarting the influence of the Emperor Friedrich "Barbarossa" through an alliance with Emperor Manuel I, but the betrothal was terminated by Emperor Friedrich as suzerain over the Comté de Provence, the emperor proposing "Goglielmo di Mompellieri" [Guillaume [VIII]] as a suitable alternative[1590]. She became a Benedictine nun at Aniane.

m secondly (Barcelona Apr 1187, bigamously) doña INÉS, daughter of --- (-after 4 Nov 1202). The Thalamus de Montpellier records the marriage in May 1187 at Barcelona of "G. de Montpellier" and "sa molher Naunes"[1591]. The contract of marriage between "Guillelmus Montispellusani dominus" and "Agnetem" is dated Apr 1187[1592]. Salazar y Castro suggests that she was doña Inés González de Marañón, daughter of don Gonzalo Rodríguez de Marañón & his wife doña Mayor ---[1593]. However, his hypothesis appears based only on her name and the favourable chronology. "Guillelmus…Montispessulani, filius quondam Mathildis ducisse" names "domine Agnetis" as mother of his son Guillaume in his charter dated Dec 1197[1594]. Her Aragonese origin is confirmed by the charter dated 1187 under which "Ildefonsus rex Aragon, comes Barchinon. et marchio Provinciæ" granted property to "Guill. Montispessuli domino et uxori tuæ Agneti consanguineæ meæ"[1595]. Her precise relationship with the kings of Aragon has not yet been ascertained. The marriage was declared void by the Pope in 1194[1596]. Her husband, in his testament dated 4 Nov 1202, named "Agnes uxor mea"[1597].

Guillaume [VIII] & his first wife had one child:

1. MARIE de Montpellier (-Rome 21 Jan 1213). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Maria Guilelmi Montepessulano filia" as wife of "rege Petro Arragonum"[1598]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not yet been identified. "Guillelmus…Montispessulani, filius quondam Mathildis ducisse" agreed the marriage of "filiam meam Mariam" and "Bernardo, comitis Convenarum" by charter dated Dec 1197, under which Marie also agreed to renounce her rights to Montpellier in favour of "Guillelmo Montispessulani patri meo, et tibi Guillelmo filio ejus et domine Agnetis, fratri meo"[1599]. However, after a revolt of the citizens of Montpellier against young Guillaume [IX], Marie recovered her inheritance 15 Jun 1204[1600]. Pope Innocent III addressed the bishops of Narbonne and Comminges by bull dated 29 Dec 1201 concerning the repudiation by "comes Convenarum" of his wife "Guillelmo domino Montispesulani…filiam"[1601]. In his testament dated 4 Nov 1202, her father bequeathed money to "filiæ meæ Mariæ…et comes Convenarum maritus eius"[1602]. The Crónica de San Juan de la Peña records that Pedro II King of Aragon married "la filla del noble princep Don Guillem de Montpeller…Maria, nieta del Emperador de Costantin noble"[1603]. The marriage contract between "Maria filia quondam domini Montispessulani" and "Petro Regi Aragoniæ, et comiti Barchinonis" is dated 1204, and names "comes Santius…Ildefunsus comes Provinciæ frater domini regis, Guillelmus de Balcio, Hugo de Balcio frater eius, Rocelinus vicecomes et dominus Massiliæ, Guido de Cabilione…"[1604]. "Maria filia quondam domini Montispessulani…Regina Aragoniæ, comitissa Barchinonis" granted Montpellier to "Petro…Regi Aragoniæ, comiti Barchinonis marito meo" by charter dated Sep 1205, witnessed by "…Domina Clementia…"[1605]. Under her first testament of 1209, Marie designated the Templars as guardians of her son, Infante don Jaime de Aragon, who succeeded his father in 1213 as don Jaime I "el Conquistador" King of Aragon. Under her last testament of 1213, she designated the Pope as his guardian: the testament of "Maria regina Aragonum et domina Montispessulani" is dated 20 Apr 1213, naming "Jacobum filium Regis Aragonum et meum…duæ filiæ meæ Mathildis…et Perona" and "dominæ Clementiæ amitæ meæ"[1606]. The Thalamus de Montpellier records the death "xviii jorns dins abril" in 1213 at Rome of "madona Maria de Montpellier molher del rei dAragon"[1607]. Montpellier eventually became part of the kingdom of Mallorca, and was transferred to France in 1349. m firstly as his second wife, RAYMOND GEOFFROY "Barral" Vicomte de Marseille, son of HUGUES GEOFFROY Vicomte de Marseille & his wife Cécile d'Aurons (-13 Dec 1192). m secondly (contract Dec 1197, divorced 1201) as his third wife, BERNARD [IV] Comte de Comminges, son of BERNARD [III] Comte de Comminges & his wife --- de Toulouse (-22 Feb 1225). m thirdly (Montpellier 15 Jun 1204) don PEDRO II "el Católico" King of Aragon, son of don ALFONSO II "el Casto" King of Aragon & his wife Infanta doña Sancha de Castilla ([1174/76]-killed in battle Muret {Haute-Garonne} 14 Sep 1213, bur priory of San Juan de Sijena).

Guillaume [VIII] & his second wife had seven (illegitimate) children:

2. GUILLAUME [IX] de Montpellier (-after 24 Feb 1212). "Guillelmus…Montispessulani, filius quondam Mathildis ducisse" agreed the marriage of "filiam meam Mariam" and "Bernardo, comitis Convenarum" by charter dated Dec 1197, under which Marie also agreed to renounce her rights to Montpellier in favour of "Guillelmo Montispessulani patri meo, et tibi Guillelmo filio ejus et domine Agnetis, fratri meo"[1608]. However, after a revolt of the citizens of Montpellier against young Guillaume [IX], Marie recovered her inheritance 15 Jun 1204[1609]. In his testament dated 4 Nov 1202, his father bequeathed Montpellier to "Guillelmum filium meum primogenitum"[1610]. Pedro II King of Aragon "filio Sanctiæ…Reginæ Aragonum" granted property "villam de Montepessulano et castrum et villam de Latis et castrum de Paollano…et castrum et villam de Omelacio" to "Guillelmo de Montepessulano…filius Agnetis feminæ" by charter dated 24 Feb 1212[1611]. Betrothed (1191, terminated 1199) to TIBURGE de Murviel, daughter of RAYMOND ATON de Murviel & his wife --- (-after 1199). "Ademarus de Muro-Veteri" and "Guillelmo domino Montispessulani, filio quondam Mathildis Ducissæ" agreed the marriage between "neptem meam Titburgam filiam quondam majorem Raimundi Atonis, olim filii mei" and "Guillelmo" son of the latter, by charter dated 1191, providing as dowry the property which "Raimbaldus de Aurenga…pater eius Guillelmus de Omelacio" had held, and that Guillaume would marry "neptem meam minorem Sibyllam, filiam quondam ipsius Raimundi Atonis filii mei" in case Tiburge died before the marriage was performed[1612]. "Titburga filia quondam Raimundi Atonis" renounced the marriage contract with "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani…filium…primogenitum", signed by "Adinaro de Muro-veteri avo meo", by charter dated 1199[1613].

3. THOMAS de Montpellier [de Tortosa] (-after 4 Nov 1202). In his testament dated 4 Nov 1202, his father bequeathed Tortosa to "Thome filio meo qui dicitur Tortosa"[1614].

4. RAYMOND de Montpellier (-after 4 Nov 1202). In his testament dated 4 Nov 1202, his father bequeathed money for "Raimundum filium meum" to become a monk at "Grandis-sylvæ"[1615]. Monk at Grandselve (Cist.), Bouillac, Tarn-et-Garonne after 1202.

5. BERNARD GUILLAUME de Montpellier (-1237). In his testament dated 4 Nov 1202, his father bequeathed money for "Bernardium Guillelmum filium meum" to become a canon "Girundæ et Lodoicensem"[1616]. Monk at Giron and Lodève 1202. m JUSIANA de Entenza Señora de Alcolea, daughter of PONCE HUGO de Entenza [Ampurias-Barcelona] & his wife Sibila --- (-after 1175). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Bernard Guillaume & his wife had one child:

a) GUILLAUME . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

6. GUY de Montpellier (-after 4 Nov 1202). In his testament dated 4 Nov 1202, his father bequeathed money for "Guidonem filium meum" to become a monk at Cluny[1617]. Monk at Cluny 1202.

7. BURGUNDION de Montpellier (-after 4 Nov 1202). In his testament dated 4 Nov 1202, his father bequeathed money for "filium meum Burgundionem" to become a canon "de Podio"[1618].

8. AGNES de Montpellier (-after Oct 1226). In his testament dated 4 Nov 1202, her father bequeathed money to "filiabus meis Agneti et Adalaiz"[1619]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. The Histoire de Montpellier records the marriage of Agnes and Raymond Roger Vicomte de Beziers arranged by Pedro II King of Aragon[1620]. "Agnes quondam vicecomitissa Biterrensis" renounced her dowry from "Raymundo-Rogerio marito suo quondam vicecomite Biterrensi" in favour of Louis VIII King of France by charter dated Oct 1226[1621]. m ([1204]) RAYMOND ROGER Vicomte de Béziers, son of ROGER Vicomte de Béziers & his wife Adelaide de Toulouse (1185-1209).

9. ADELAIS [Ermesinde] de Montpellier . In his testament dated 4 Nov 1202, her father bequeathed money to "filiabus meis Agneti et Adalaiz"[1622]. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. m (after 1202) JOFRE [II] Vizconde de Rocaberti (-killed in battle 1212).

G. SEIGNEURS de SALVAING

1. [GUILLAUME] de Salvaing (-[after 16 Jan 1096]). m AGNES de Béziers, daughter of GAUCELIN Arnaud de Béziers & his wife Engeralda ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charters dated 29 Oct 1123 under which her son-in-law and daughter "Elisiarius et…Engelrada uxor eius" confirmed the donation of "ecclesiam Sancti Baudilii…juxta villam…Sancti Bricii" to Aniane by "Gaucelinus Arnaldi Biterrensis avus mei Engeraldæ et uxor eius Engeralda avia mea et Guillelmus Arnaldi filius eorum et avunculus meus, Agnes filia eorum et mater mea"[1623], and dated 1 Nov 1223 under which her son-in-law and daughter "Elisarius et...Engeralda uxor eius" confirmed donations to Aniane made by "Gaucelmus Alnardi Biterrensis avus mei Engeralde et uxor eius Engeralda avia mea et Guillermus Arnaldi filius eorum et avunculus meus et Agnes filia eorum et mater mea"[1624]. Her husband´s name is suggested by the charter dated 16 Jan 1096 under which her uncle "Willermus Arnaldi de Biterris" donated various properties to Aniane, witnessed by "Willermi de Salviang nepotis sui, Wuillermi de Salviang, R. Rufi de Salviang, Virgilii de Biterris, Villermi Ermengaudi de Biterris..."[1625]. [Guillaume] & his wife had two children:

a) GUILLAUME de Salvaing (-after 16 Jan 1096). "Willermus Arnaldi de Biterris" donated various properties to Aniane by charter dated 16 Jan 1096, witnessed by "Willermi de Salviang nepotis sui, Wuillermi de Salviang, R. Rufi de Salviang, Virgilii de Biterris, Villermi Ermengaudi de Biterris..."[1626]. "Guillelmus Arnaldi de Biterris" acknowledged allegiance to Aniane for "castello de Salviano", confirming actions of "parentes et antecessores mei...Guillermus de Salviano et Engeralda soror eius et Elisiarius maritus predicte Engeralde", by charter dated 1158[1627].

b) ENGELRADE de Salvaing (-after 22 Oct 1127). "Elisiarius et uxor mea Engelrada et infantes nostri" relinquished claims in favour of Bernard Aton Vicomte de Béziers by charter dated 13 Oct 1122[1628]. "Elisiarius et…Engelrada uxor eius" confirmed the donation of "ecclesiam Sancti Baudilii…juxta villam…Sancti Bricii" to Aniane by "Gaucelinus Arnaldi Biterrensis avus mei Engeraldæ et uxor eius Engeralda avia mea et Guillelmus Arnaldi filius eorum et avunculus meus, Agnes filia eorum et mater mea" by charter dated 29 Oct 1123[1629]. "Elisarius et...Engeralda uxor eius" confirmed donations to Aniane made by "Gaucelmus Alnardi Biterrensis avus mei Engeralde et uxor eius Engeralda avia mea et Guillermus Arnaldi filius eorum et avunculus meus et Agnes filia eorum et mater mea" by charter dated 1 Nov 1223[1630]. "Engilrada filia Agnetis" acknowledged allegiance to Aniane for "castello de Salviano" by charter dated to [1120/40][1631]. "Elisiarius et…Engelrada uxor Elisiarii" donated property inherited from "Guillelmi Arnaldi avunculi Engelradæ" to the abbey of Saint-Thibéry by charter dated 22 Oct 1127[1632]. "Guillelmus Arnaldi de Biterris" acknowledged allegiance to Aniane for "castello de Salviano", confirming actions of "parentes et antecessores mei...Guillermus de Salviano et Engeralda soror eius et Elisiarius maritus predicte Engeralde", by charter dated 1158[1633]. m ELZEAR de Castries, son of --- & his wife Auxilia --- (-after 22 Oct 1127).

H. VICOMTES de SUBSTANTION

1. ATTO (-after 961). Vicomte [de Substantion]. "Gariberga et Hildinus vicecomes et Ado vicecomes" donated "alodem…in Substantionense in villa…Mairanichos" to "ecclesiæ Sancti Salvatoris Gellonensis" by charter dated 961[1634].

Chapter 8. COMTES de NÎMES

"Ragambaldo seu Fulcoaldo comite" are named as royal missi in "pago Rutenico seu Nemausense" (Rouergue and Nîmes) in a charter of Aniane dated 21 Oct 837[1635]. "Fulcoaldo comite" can be identified as the first known ancestor of the family of the comtes de Toulouse (see the document TOULOUSE KINGS, DUKES; COUNTS). A comte Raymond is recorded at Nîmes in the late 9th century, as shown by a bull of Pope John VIII dated 18 Aug 878, relating to papal authority over the monastery of Saint-Gilles, which is subscribed by "Raimundus comes, Berengarius vicecomes…Emenus vicecomes, Oddo vicecomes, Ugo comes"[1636], and a charter dated Apr 890 which records a judgment in the court of "Raimundus…comes ipsius pagi…Allidulfo suo viciscomiti" relating to a claim by "Bligardis…in comitatu Nemausensi"[1637]. He appears to have been the same person as Raymond Comte d´Albi who, as discussed further in TOULOUSE KINGS, DUKES, COUNTS, is likely to have been the future Raymond II Comte de Toulouse. In later documentation, Albi and Nîmes are recorded under the same vicomtes, and it is also therefore possible that they were linked under the same count in the late 9th century. The process by which Raymond may have inherited or been appointed to Nîmes has not yet been ascertained. The fact that no further record is found relating to Raymond in Nîmes after 915 could be explained by his succession in Toulouse, after which Nîmes would have ceased to be one of his main centres of activity. No other Comte Raymond has so far been identified who could be this comte de Nîmes. It is not known whether Nîmes continued to be held by the comtes de Toulouse after this date. A charter dated 2 Jul 972 records a hearing at Nîmes by "Raymondus comes et marchio" relating to "ecclesiam Sancti Martini…in comitatu Agatense"[1638]. However, this document could refer either to Raymond [II] Comte de Rouergue or to Raymond III Comte de Toulouse. If the former is correct, Nîmes would have reverted to Guillaume IV Comte de Toulouse after the death in [1063/64] of Berthe, daughter of Hugues Comte de Rouergue, along with the counties of Agde/Béziers, Narbonne, Rouergue, and Uzès. The future Raymond IV Comte de Toulouse is referred to as comte de Nîmes during the early part of his career, as shown by the charter dated 15 Dec 1066 under which "Raimundus comes Rutenensis et Nemosensis, Narbonensiumque filius meus" joined "Almodis comitissa" in a transaction with Cluny for the soul of "Poncii comitis"[1639]. "Raymundus Ruthenensis, Gabalitanus, Ucetiensis, Nemausensis, Agathensis, Biterrensis necnon Narbonensis comes" (also referring to Comte Raymond IV) confirmed the foundation of the abbey of Saint-Pons de Thomières by "proavo…meo Pontio Aquitanorum magno duce vel principe" by charter dated 1085[1640]. After that date, the county of Nîmes appears to have firmly established in the hands of the successive comtes de Toulouse.

A. VICOMTES de NÎMES

Vicomtes de Nîmes are referred to in documentation at the end of the 9th century. No further reference to the vicomté de Nîmes has been found until a charter dated 9 Jun 956 which records an exchange of property at Nîmes and payment "ad vicecomite Bernardo et ad vicecomitissa Gauza et ad Bernardum cuius erat feuz"[1641]. "Vicecomite Bernardo" is identified as the same person as Bernard [II] Vicomte d´Albi. The reference in the document to his wife suggests that she may have been heiress to the vicomté de Nîmes and that her husband held the title in her name. If that is correct, her descent from the earlier vicomtes de Nîmes who are named below has not been ascertained. After that date, the vicomtés of Albi and Nîmes were held by the same family, which is set out in Chapter 2.B of the present document.

1. BERTRAND (-after 22 Apr 876). Vicomte de Nîmes. A charter dated 22 Apr 876 records "Bertranno vicis-comite" in "Nemause civitate" and "Eralii vicis-comite"[1642]. "Eralii viciscomite" has not been identified positively, but his name suggests a connection with the future vicomtes de Polignac.

2. BERENGAR . Vicomte de [Nîmes]. A bull of Pope John VIII dated 18 Aug 878, relating to papal authority over the monastery of Saint-Gilles, is subscribed by "Raimundus comes, Berengarius vicecomes…Emenus vicecomes, Oddo vicecomes, Ugo comes"[1643]. A charter dated 23 May 898 records a donation to Nîmes Notre-Dame in the presence of "Bernardo vices-comite…Regemundo comite…Berengario comite"[1644].

3. ALIDULF (-after Apr 892). Vicomte de [Nîmes]. "Bligardis femina" donated property "in comitatu Nemausense…villam Bizagum" by charter dated Apr 892 which names "Raimundus…comes ipsius pagi…Allidulfo suo vicis-comiti"[1645]. The name Alidulf is found in the family of the vicomtes de Lodève in the mid-10th century.

4. BERNARD (-after 23 May 898). Vicomte de [Nîmes]. A charter dated 23 May 898 records a donation to Nîmes Notre-Dame in the presence of "Bernardo vices-comite…Regemundo comite…Berengario comite"[1646].

Chapter 9. COMTES de QUERCY

The early history of the county of Quercy is obscure. The county was granted to Raymond, future comte de Toulouse, by Charles I "le Chauve" King of the West Franks in 849. Its subsequent history is unclear. It is assumed that it was transmitted, with the county of Toulouse, to Raymond´s son Odon and to Odon´s son Comte Raymond II, but the primary sources which confirm that this is correct have not yet been identified. Some time in the 940s, it appears that the county was held by Hugues, son of Ermengaud Comte de Rouergue (probable younger son of Odon Comte de Toulouse), although the corresponding primary source has not yet been identified either. During the later part of the 10th century, the county of Quercy appears to have been reunited with the county of Toulouse, although the precise process by which this occurred has not been ascertained. No further mention of the county of Quercy has been found in primary sources until a charter dated to [1006] which records the council of the archiepiscopal provinces of Narbonne and Auch held by "Raimundus episcopus Tolosanus et Guillelmus comes Albiensium ac Caturcensium et Tolosanorum" at Toulouse[1647], referring to Guillaume III "Taillefer" Comte de Toulouse. See the document TOULOUSE, KINGS, DUKES & COUNTS for further details of the comtes de Toulouse.

A. COMTES de QUERCY

1. RAYMOND, son of Comte FOUCAUD & his wife Sénégonde --- ([815/20]-before 17 Apr 865). "Raymundus…comes et marchio et uxor mea Berteyz" founded the abbey of Vabres for the souls of "genitoris nostri Fulgualdi et…genetrice mea Senegundi et…germano meo Fredolone quondam" by charter dated 3 Nov 862, which names "Bernardum filium nostrum…Fulgualdus filius noster…Odo filius noster" (all three of whom also subscribed the document), subscribed by "…Begonis vicecomitis…"[1648]. He was appointed Comte de Rouergue et Comte de Quercy in 849 by Charles “le Chauve” King of France, in recognition for his help in fighting Pippin II King of Italy. He succeeded in 855 as RAYMOND I Comte et Marquis de Toulouse. Comte Raymond I & his wife had [six] children:

a) ODON [Odonus/Eudes] (-after 16 Jun 918). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 3 Nov 862 under which "Raymundus…comes et marchio et uxor mea Berteyz" founded the abbey of Vabres, naming "Bernardum filium nostrum…Fulgualdus filius noster…Odo filius noster" (all three of whom also subscribed the document)[1649]. He succeeded as ODON Comte de Toulouse.

i) RAYMOND de Toulouse (-[923/24]). His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 16 Jun 918, which records an audience at Ausonne in the diocesis of Carcassonnne held by "Aridemandus episcopus sedis Tolosæ civitatis...missus advocatus Raymundo comite Tolosæ civitatis et marchio" with the consent of "Odone comite genitore suo"[1650]. He succeeded his father in [918] as RAYMOND II Comte de Toulouse.

- COMTES de TOULOUSE.

ii) [ERMENGAUD (-after [Jul 935]). There is no primary source which directly proves that Ermengaud was the son of Odon Comte de Toulouse. However, two documents suggest that this affiliation is probably correct. Catel records a donation by "Deda religieuse" "tant pour elle que pour le comte Ermengaud et Adelays sa femme et ses enfants, que pour le comte Pons", by charter dated to [930][1651]. Flodoard records that "Ragemundus et Ermingaudus, principes Gothiæ" swore allegiance to Raoul King of France in 932[1652]. Comte de Rouergue.]

- COMTES de ROUERGUE.

b) other children: see TOULOUSE.

HUGUES de Rouergue, son of ERMENGAUD Comte de Rouergue & his wife Adelais --- (-[after 972]). "Ermengaudus comes et filius suus Regimundus et Rainus vicecomes et vicarius" donated property "in pago Ruthenico in ministerio Curiense in villa…Seviniaco" to Vabres by charter dated Jan [934], subscribed by "…Ugone filio Ermengaudo, Bernardo vicecomite, Ildoino, Adalone"[1653]. Comte [de Quercy]. "…Domni Pontii ducis Aquitanorum et comitis Tolosani, Guarsindis uxoris eius, Hugonis comitis, Arnaudi vicecomitis, Sicardi vicecomitis, Atonis, Pontii" signed the charter dated Aug 940 under which Aimery Archbishop of Narbonne and Rodoald Bishop of Béziers donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières[1654]. "Atto…vicecomes" donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières, on the advice of "uxoris meæ", for the souls of "patris mei Bernardi et matris meæ" by charter dated Apr 942, subscribed by "Frotarius episcopus, Bernardus, Hugonis comitis, Dagberga…"[1655]. The testament of "Gersindæ comitissæ", dated to [972], bequeathed property for life "ecclesiam…Sancti Symphoriani cum alode…Cabannes excepto Dauker" to "Ugoni comiti nepoti meo"[1656]. No Comte Hugues has been identified at the time except for the brother of Raymond [I] Comte de Rouergue, although no other indication has yet been found that he was still alive at the date of this testament. If the co-identity is correct, the precise relationship between him and Gersendis Ctss de Toulouse has not yet been ascertained. Vicomte de Comborn.

m ---. The name of Hugues´s wife is not known.

Hugues & his wife had [two] children:

1. [ARCHAMBAUD "Camba-Putrida/Jambe-Pourrie" (-[1000] or after). According to Europäische Stammtafeln[1657], Archambaud Vicomte de Comborn was the possible son of Hugues Comte de Quercy, Vicomte de Comborn, presumably based on his succession to his supposed father at Comborn. Vicomte de Comborn 962.

- VICOMTES de COMBORN.]

2. BERNARD . The Vita Sancti Abbonis names "Bernardum pater Hugo" when recording his appointment as abbé de Solignac[1658].

B. VICOMTES de CAHORS

1. ODALRIC (-before Mar 932). m BELETRUDE, daughter of --- (-after Mar 932). "Frotardus vicecomes Caturcorum civitatis…et coniux mea Adalberga" donated property "in comitatu Caturcino in vicaria Casliacense in villa…Mercurio" to "monasterium…Belluslocus", with the advice of "Raimundo comiti senioris nostri", for the soul of "Odolrici patris mei" and for the salvation of "Beledrudi genitricis meæ", by charter dated Mar 932[1659]. Odalric & his wife had two children:

a) FROTARD (-after Mar 932). Vicomte de Cahors. "Frotardus vicecomes Caturcorum civitatis…et coniux mea Adalberga" donated property "in comitatu Caturcino in vicaria Casliacense in villa…Mercurio" to "monasterium…Belluslocus", with the advice of "Raimundo comiti senioris nostri", for the soul of "Odolrici patris mei" and for the salvation of "Beledrudi genitricis meæ", by charter dated Mar 932[1660]. m ADALBERGE, daughter of ---. "Frotardus vicecomes Caturcorum civitatis…et coniux mea Adalberga" donated property "in comitatu Caturcino in vicaria Casliacense in villa…Mercurio" to "monasterium…Belluslocus", with the advice of "Raimundo comiti senioris nostri", for the soul of "Odolrici patris mei" and for the salvation of "Beledrudi genitricis meæ", by charter dated Mar 932[1661].

b) RANGARDE (-after 972). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 972 which records that "Ranulfus" founded the monastery of Artellis in Quercy and donated property from "Beledrudis uxor mea matri…Ramgardi uxori meæ…Ranulpho nepoti meo filio Hugoni…Ranulpho avo meo…Geraldo et Ranulpho filiis suis"[1662]. m RANULF, son of GERAUD & his wife --- (-after 972).

Chapter 10. COMTES de ROUERGUE, COMTES de RODEZ

"Ragambaldo seu Fulcoaldo comite" are named as royal missi in "pago Rutenico seu Nemausense" (Rouergue and Nîmes) in 837[1663]. "Fulcoaldo comite" can be identified as the first known ancestor of the family of the comtes de Toulouse (see the document TOULOUSE KINGS, DUKES; COUNTS). His son Raymond was appointed Comte de Rouergue et Comte de Quercy in 849 by Charles “le Chauve” King of France, in recognition for his help in fighting Pippin II King of Italy, before becoming Comte de Toulouse in 855. The county of Rouergue was inherited by Ermengaud, presumed grandson of Comte Raymond, and was ruled by his descendants separately from the county of Toulouse until the mid-11th century. On the death in [1063/64] of Berthe, daughter of Hugues Comte de Rouergue, the counties of Agde/Béziers, Narbonne, Rouergue, and Uzès reverted to Guillaume IV Comte de Toulouse.

Richard Vicomte de Millau obtained part of the county of Rouergue as a security from Raimond [IV] "de Saint-Gilles" Comte de Toulouse et de Rouergue. After this, most historians favour the name Rodez for the new entity, and Rouergue for the former. The Latin name is Ruthena/Ruthenensis in both cases, but in Occitan they are distinct: Rodès vs Roargue.

A. COMTES de ROUERGUE

ERMENGAUD, son of [EUDES Comte de Toulouse & his wife Gersende d'Albi] (-after Jul 935). There is no primary source which directly proves that Ermengaud was the son of Odon Comte de Toulouse. However, two documents suggest that this affiliation is probably correct. Firstly, Catel records a donation by "Deda religieuse" "tant pour elle que pour le comte Ermengaud et Adelays sa femme et ses enfants, que pour le comte Pons", by charter dated to [930][1664]. Secondly, Flodoard records that "Ragemundus et Ermingaudus, principes Gothiæ" swore allegiance to Raoul King of France in 932[1665]. Comte de Rouergue 906. Agio Archbishop of Narbonne wrote to "Agamberto necnon et Elefonso episcopus" by undated charter which names "comites nostros Ermingaudum et Raimundum"[1666]. This charter is dated to 922 in the 3rd edition of the Histoire Générale de Languedoc. However, the fact that Ermengaud is given precedence over Raymond in the document suggests that the latter must have been Raymond Pons Comte de Toulouse, nephew of the former, rather than his older brother Comte Raymond II. If that is correct, the document would be dateable to after [924]. Archbishop Agio died in [926/27][1667], which if correct would be place the document in [924/27]. "Ermengaudus comes et filius suus Regimundus et Rainus vicecomes et vicarius" donated property "in pago Ruthenico in ministerio Curiense in villa…Seviniaco" to Vabres by charter dated Jan [934], subscribed by "…Ugone filio Ermengaudo, Bernardo vicecomite, Ildoino, Adalone"[1668]. "Ermengaudus comes et uxor mea Adalais comitissa" donated property "in pago Ruthenico" to Vabres by charter dated Jul 935, subscribed by "Adalone, Elduino, Genesio, Ugone filio Adalone, Ermengaudo fratre suo, Bernardo vicecomite"[1669].

m ADELAIS, daughter of --- (-after Jul 935). "Ermengaudus comes et uxor mea Adalais comitissa" donated property "in pago Ruthenico" to Vabres by charter dated Jul 935, subscribed by "Adalone, Elduino, Genesio, Ugone filio Adalone, Ermengaudo fratre suo, Bernardo vicecomite"[1670].

Comte Ermengaud & his wife had four children:

1. RAYMOND [I] (-killed [Feb/9 Sep] 961]). "Ermengaudus comes et filius suus Regimundus et Rainus vicecomes et vicarius" donated property "in pago Ruthenico in ministerio Curiense in villa…Seviniaco" to Vabres by charter dated Jan [934], subscribed by "…Ugone filio Ermengaudo, Bernardo vicecomite, Ildoino, Adalone"[1671]. He succeeded as Comte de Rouergue.

- see below.

2. HUGUES de Rouergue (-[after 972]). "Ermengaudus comes et filius suus Regimundus et Rainus vicecomes et vicarius" donated property "in pago Ruthenico in ministerio Curiense in villa…Seviniaco" to Vabres by charter dated Jan [934], subscribed by "…Ugone filio Ermengaudo, Bernardo vicecomite, Ildoino, Adalone"[1672]. Comte [de Quercy].

- COMTES de QUERCY.

3. son(s) . The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, states that the testator made donations for the souls of "…fratres meos"[1673]. It is not known how many brothers he may have had, but presumably they were all deceased at that date as none is named as a beneficiary.

4. --- . m ---. Two children:

a) HUGUES (-after 961). The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "alode de Circiolis" to "Ugoni nepote meo" and after his death half to "Arnaldo et filio suo Siguino"; "alode de Malopertuso…" to "Ugoni nepoti meo" and after his death to "Raymundo fratre suo"[1674].

b) RAYMOND (-after 961). "Raymundus comes" names "…Ugoni nepoti meo…Raymundo fratre suo…" in his 961 testament[1675].

5. [RICHILDE de Rouergue (-after 954). Szabolcs de Vajay suggests[1676] that the second wife of Sunyer [I] Conde de Barcelona was the daughter of Ermengaud de Toulouse Comte de Rouergue & his wife Adelais ---, to explain the transmission of the name Armengol [Ermengaud] into the Barcelona family. m ([920/25]) as his second wife, SUNYER I Conde de Barcelona, son of GUIFRE I "el Velloso/el Pilós/the Hairy" Conde de Barcelona & Guinidilda --- (-950).]

The precise relationship between the following small family sub-groups (all named in the 961 testament of Raymond [I] Comte de Rouergue) and the family of the comtes de Rouergue has not yet been established.

1. ADELO (-after Jul 936). "Ermengaudus comes et filius suus Regimundus et Rainus vicecomes et vicarius" donated property "in pago Ruthenico in ministerio Curiense in villa…Seviniaco" to Vabres by charter dated Jan [934], subscribed by "…Ugone filio Ermengaudo, Bernardo vicecomite, Ildoino, Adalone"[1677]. "Ermengaudus comes et uxor mea Adalais comitissa" donated property "in pago Ruthenico" to Vabres by charter dated Jul 935, subscribed by "Adalone, Elduino, Genesio, Ugone filio Adalone, Ermengaudo fratre suo, Bernardo vicecomite"[1678]. m ---. The name of Adelo's wife is not known. Adelo & his wife had two children (their names suggest a close family relationship with the comtes de Rouergue):

a) HUGUES (-after 961). "Ermengaudus comes et uxor mea Adalais comitissa" donated property "in pago Ruthenico" to Vabres by charter dated Jul 935, subscribed by "Adalone, Elduino, Genesio, Ugone filio Adalone, Ermengaudo fratre suo, Bernardo vicecomite"[1679]. The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "castello de Caganione…castello de Parisio" to "Hugoni et Ermengaudo fratre suo"[1680].

b) ERMENGAUD (-after 961). "Ermengaudus comes et uxor mea Adalais comitissa" donated property "in pago Ruthenico" to Vabres by charter dated Jul 935, subscribed by "Adalone, Elduino, Genesio, Ugone filio Adalone, Ermengaudo fratre suo, Bernardo vicecomite"[1681]. The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "castello de Caganione…castello de Parisio" to "Hugoni et Ermengaudo fratre suo"[1682].

…

2. HUMBERT . m ---. The name of Humbert's wife is not known. The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "alode de Livrone" to "Raymundo filio Umberto", "alode de Gignalio" to "Bernardo filio Umberto…mater illorum"[1683]. The mention of the mother of the two brothers suggests that she may have been a blood relation of the testator. Humbert & his wife had two children:

a) RAYMOND (-after 961). The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "alode de Livrone" to "Raymundo filio Umberto", "alode de Gignalio" to "Bernardo filio Umberto…mater illorum"[1684].

b) BERNARD (-after 961). The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "alode de Livrone" to "Raymundo filio Umberto", "alode de Gignalio" to "Bernardo filio Umberto…mater illorum"[1685].

…

3. BERNARD (-after 961). The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "alode de Vertucio" to "Bernardo et uxoris suæ Adelaus"[1686]. m ADELAIS, daughter of ---. The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "alode de Vertucio" to "Bernardo et uxoris suæ Adelaus"[1687]. The same document provides that "castello…Casso" would revert to "Bernardo et uxori suæ Adelais" if the testator´s son Raymond died without issue. This suggests a close relationship between the parties, probably through Adelais which would explain why she is named in the document with her husband.

…

4. AIMERY (-after 961). The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "alode de Bellopogio" to "Aymericus"; "parte…in castello de Gordone et…alode de Godronense" to "Aymerico…et Geraldo filio suo et ad filios Geraldo"; "alode de Lobegiaco" to "Genesio", "Rocha inter Aymerico et Genesio" and if Genesius died childless to "Geraldo fratre suo"[1688]. m ---. The name of Aimery´s wife is not known. Aimery & his wife had [two] children:

a) GERARD (-after 961). The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "alode de Bellopogio" to "Aymericus"; "parte…in castello de Gordone et…alode de Godronense" to "Aymerico…et Geraldo filio suo et ad filios Geraldo"; "alode de Lobegiaco" to "Genesio", "Rocha inter Aymerico et Genesio" and if Genesius died childless to "Geraldo fratre suo"[1689].

b) [GENESIUS (-after 961). The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "alode de Bellopogio" to "Aymericus"; "parte…in castello de Gordone et…alode de Godronense" to "Aymerico…et Geraldo filio suo et ad filios Geraldo"; "alode de Lobegiaco" to "Genesio", "Rocha inter Aymerico et Genesio" and if Genesius died childless to "Geraldo fratre suo"[1690].]

RAYMOND [I] de Rouergue, son of ERMENGAUD Comte de Rouergue & his wife Adelais --- (-killed [Feb/9 Sep] 961]). "Ermengaudus comes et filius suus Regimundus et Rainus vicecomes et vicarius" donated property "in pago Ruthenico in ministerio Curiense in villa…Seviniaco" to Vabres by charter dated Jan [934], subscribed by "…Ugone filio Ermengaudo, Bernardo vicecomite, Ildoino, Adalone"[1691]. He succeeded as Comte de Rouergue. Duke of Aquitaine 936, Marquis de Septimanie. Seigneur de Quercy et d'Albigeois. Notice concerning the privileges of the church of St Medardi de Prisca was given before "Regimundum comitem" by charter dated 13 Jul 960[1692]. Hugues Bishop of Toulouse names "Ramundo comite et filio suo Hugoni…" as his executors in his testament dated to [960][1693]. The treatise of Bernard scholasticus of the church of Angers records that "Ragemundi", father of "urbis Ruthenicæ comes Ragemundus", was killed "in via sancti Jacobi" (en route to Santiago de Compostela)[1694]. The testament of "Raymundus comes" is dated 961, donated property acquired from "Guillelmo comite consanguineo meo" (identified as Guillaume II Duke of Aquitaine, Comte d´Auvergne?), and bequeathed property for life to the following beneficiaries (not all of whom can be identified): "alodes…in Nemosense…castello…Casso" to "Bertanæ" and after her death to "Raymundo filio suo" and if he died without heirs to "Bernardo et uxori suæ Adelais", and in case of their death without heirs to "Hugo"; "alode de Plumberias…de Balarug…de Palagio…de Caucos" to "Bertanæ et Raymundo filio meo"; a donation of "alodes qui fuerunt Amelio vicecomite de Carcassona…in Narbonensi"; "alode de Brocello" to "Bernardo filio Rotgerio"; "alode de Bricio" to "Froterio episcopo"; "alode de Francitia" to "Berengarius"; "ecclesia de Sancto Marcello" to "Bernardo episcopo"; "alode de Loveziaco Sancta Cæcilia" to "Nodbertus"; "alode de Sancto Victore, Sancti Vincentii" to "Ermengaudus abbas"; "alode de Vertucio" to "Bernardo et uxoris suæ Adelaus"; "alode de Carliago" to "Rogerio filio Arnaldo"; "alode de Donadfrancio" to "Willelmo Garcianæ"; "alode de Sancti Martini de Bellocasso" to "Bosomeus"; "alode de Circiolis" to "Ugoni nepote meo" and after his death half to "Arnaldo et filio suo Siguino"; "alode de Losolario" to "Hugo filius noster"; "alode de Bellopogio" to "Aymericus"; "alode de Malopertuso…" to "Ugoni nepoti meo" and after his death to "Raymundo fratre suo"; "alode de Laugiago…Fessago…Campoguidano…Valencio" to "Ademario vicecomite Tolosano"; "alode de Braciaco…castello…Vuandalors" to "Raymundo filio meo et Hugoni filio meo"; "alode de Genebrerias" to "Raymundo et Amalvino fratre suo"; "parte…in castello de Gordone et…alode de Godronense" to "Aymerico…et Geraldo filio suo et ad filios Geraldo"; "castello de Caganione…castello de Parisio" to "Hugoni et Ermengaudo fratre suo"; "ecclesia de Sancto Simplicio" to "Stephanus et filius suus"; "castello de Albinio" to "filios meos quos…habeo de filia Odoino"; "manso de Carausiaco" to "filia mea quam habeo ab ipsa filia Odoini"; "alode de…Hermo" to "Ingelberto"; "alode de Elvas" to "Jaldeberto…Grimaldo fratri suo"; "alode de Laugiaco" to "Stephano"; "alode de Lobegiaco" to "Genesio", "Rocha inter Aymerico et Genesio" and if Genesius died childless to "Geraldo fratre suo"; "ecclesia de Lobegaico" to "Galberto"; "alode de Livrone" to "Raymundo filio Umberto", "alode de Gignalio" to "Bernardo filio Umberto…mater illorum"; "castello de Cerveria…de Sancto Laurentio…de Petrilense…de Granolheto…de Mala-Morte…de Dargon…de Ventagione…de Monasterio" to "Raymundo filio meo"; adding that the testator made the donations for the souls of "…fratres meos"[1695].

m (945[1696]) as her second husband, BERTA d'Arles, widow of BOSON Comte in Upper Burgundy, daughter of BOSO Comte d'Arles, later Marchese of Tuscany, & his wife Willa of Upper Burgundy (-after 18 Aug 965). "Bertam, Willam, Richildam et Gislam" are named (in order) as the four daughters of Boso and Willa by Liutprand[1697], who in a later passage names Berta as "Bosonis Arelatensis comitis viduæ" and mentions her marriage soon after the death of her first husband to Raymond, by virtue of which she was deemed guilty of incest[1698]. "Bertha comitissa" donated property inherited from "avunculi mei Ubonis, regis in regno Gociæ in comitatu Sustantionensi…villam…Candianicus…" to Montmajour by charter dated 26 Feb 960, signed by "…Emens vicecomes…"[1699]. The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "alodes…in Nemosense…castello…Casso" to "Bertanæ" and after her death to "Raymundo filio suo" and if he died without heirs to "Bernardo et uxori suæ Adelais", and in case of their death without heirs to "Hugo"[1700]. "Berta…comitissa et filius meus Raimundus…comes" donated property "in comitatu Nemausense" to Nîmes Notre-Dame by charter dated 7 Sep 961[1701]. "Berta…comitissa" donated property "in comitatu Nemausense" to Nîmes Notre-Dame by charter dated 18 Aug 965, subscribed by "Raimundus filius meus"[1702]. She is cited at the time of a synod held after 1004 (maybe [1012])[1703].

Mistress (1): ---, daughter of EUDOIN & his wife ---. The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "castello de Albinio" to "filios meos quos…habeo de filia Odoino"; "manso de Carausiaco" to "filia mea quam habeo ab ipsa filia Odoini"[1704]. The absence of a reference in the text to "filia Odoino" being Raymond's former wife suggests that these children were illegitimate. This interpretation is also supported by the succession of Raymond's son Raymond to his father's county, presumably indicating that he was the oldest son. As the testament shows that Raymond junior was the son of Raymond senior's wife Berta, it is unlikely that his half-brothers by "filia Odoino" would have been older than him.

Comte Raymond I & his wife had five children:

1. RAYMOND [II] (-[1008]). "Bertha comitissa" donated property inherited from "avunculi mei Ubonis, regis in regno Gociæ in comitatu Sustantionensi…villam…Candianicus…" to Montmajour by charter dated 26 Feb 960, signed by "…Emens vicecomes…"[1705]. The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "alodes…in Nemosense…castello…Casso" to "Bertanæ" and after her death to "Raymundo filio suo" and if he died without heirs to "Bernardo et uxori suæ Adelais", and in case of their death without heirs to "Hugo"; "alode de Losolario" to "Hugo filius noster"; "alode de Braciaco…castello…Vuandalors" to "Raymundo filio meo et Hugoni filio meo"; "castello de Cerveria…de Sancto Laurentio…de Petrilense…de Granolheto…de Mala-Morte…de Dargon…de Ventagione…de Monasterio" to "Raymundo filio meo"[1706]. He succeeded his father in [961] as Comte de Rouergue. "Berta…comitissa et filius meus Raimundus…comes" donated property "in comitatu Nemausense" to Nîmes Notre-Dame by charter dated 7 Sep 961[1707]. "Berta…comitissa" donated property "in comitatu Nemausense" to Nîmes Notre-Dame by charter dated 18 Aug 965, subscribed by "Raimundus filius meus"[1708]. [A charter dated 2 Jul 972 records a hearing at Nîmes by "Raymondus comes et marchio" relating to "ecclesiam Sancti Martini…in comitatu Agatense" in the presence of "…Siguinus vicecomes et Bernardus frater eius…"[1709]. It is not known with certainty whether this document refers to Raymond [II] Comte de Rouergue or to Raymond III Comte de Toulouse, although the former appears more likely.] "Raimundus comes filius Berteldis" donated the church of Palatio to the abbey of Conques by charter dated Feb [998/1010][1710]. "Petrus…Bermudi filius" recalled "Raimundi Ruthenensium comiti et Biterrensium vice comitisse Hermengardi" in a charter dated 27 Jun 1078 relating to the donation of the church of Palatio to the abbey of Conques[1711]. The treatise of Bernard scholasticus of the church of Angers records that "urbis Ruthenicæ comes Ragemundus, filius…Ragemundi" died on pilgrimage to Jerusalem[1712]. m RICHARDE, daughter of --- (-after 1062). "Ugo…comes" donated property to the abbey of Narbonne Saint-Paul by charter dated 23 Mar 1032, subscribed by "…Ricardis suæ matris, Fides"[1713]. The treatise of Bernard scholasticus of the church of Angers names "Ricarda comitissa…Raymundi viri sui vidua" when recording her good works[1714]. "Hugo Ruthenensium comes et mater mea Ricardis comitissa" donated property to Conques, for the soul of "Raymundi comitis", by charter dated 23 Jan 1051, signed by "Ricardis commitissæ…Rodberti comitis, Fidei comitissæ, Bertæ comitissæ, Berengarii vicecomitis, Bernardi archidiaconi et fratrum eius"[1715]. Comte Raymond [II] & his wife had two children:

a) HUGUES de Rouergue (-1054). "Hugo Rutenensium comes et mater mea Ricardis comitissa" donated the church of Tribons "in pago Rutenico" to the abbey of Conques "pro anima Raiemundi commitis" by charter dated Jan 1051, subscribed by "Rodberti commitis, Fidei commitisse, Berta commitisse, Berengarii vici commiti"[1716]. He succeeded his father in [1008] as Comte de Rouergue et de Gévaudan. "Ugo…comes" donated property to the abbey of Narbonne Saint-Paul by charter dated 23 Mar 1032, subscribed by "…Ricardis suæ matris, Fides"[1717]. "Hugo Ruthenensium comes et mater mea Ricardis comitissa" donated property to Conques, for the soul of "Raymundi comitis", by charter dated 23 Jan 1051 which refers to "infantes Hugonis comitis", signed by "Ricardis commitissæ…Rodberti comitis, Fidei comitissæ, Bertæ comitissæ, Berengarii vicecomitis, Bernardi archidiaconi et fratrum eius"[1718]. m (before 23 Mar 1032) FIDES de Cerdanya, daughter of GUIFRE [III] Conde de Cerdanya & his first wife Guisla [de Pallars]. "Ugo…comes" donated property to the abbey of Narbonne Saint-Paul by charter dated 23 Mar 1032, subscribed by "…Ricardis suæ matris, Fides"[1719]. "Guifredus…comes" made his testament dated 1036, bequeathing "alodem de Campoltne…[et] hereditate in villa Onnega" to "filiæ meæ Fidei"[1720]. "Hugo Ruthenensium comes et mater mea Ricardis comitissa" donated property to Conques, for the soul of "Raymundi comitis", by charter dated 23 Jan 1051, signed by "Ricardis commitissæ…Rodberti comitis, Fidei comitissæ, Bertæ comitissæ, Berengarii vicecomitis, Bernardi archidiaconi et fratrum eius"[1721]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Comte Hugues & his wife had [two or more] children:

i) BERTHE (-[1063/64]). "Hugo Ruthenensium comes et mater mea Ricardis comitissa" donated property to Conques, for the soul of "Raymundi comitis", by charter dated 23 Jan 1051, signed by "Ricardis commitissæ…Rodberti comitis, Fidei comitissæ, Bertæ comitissæ, Berengarii vicecomitis, Bernardi archidiaconi et fratrum eius"[1722]. A charter dated 1079 records that "Rothbertus comes et eius uxor Berta, filia Ugonis Rutenensis comitis" donated "abbatiam sancti Amancii" to Saint-Victor, Marseille[1723]. Ctss de Rouergue et de Gévaudan. On her death, the counties of Agde/Béziers, Narbonne, Rouergue, and Uzès reverted to Guillaume IV Comte de Toulouse. m (before 23 Jan 1051) as his first wife, ROBERT [II] Comte d'Auvergne, son of GUILLAUME [V] Comte d'Auvergne et de Clermont & his wife Philippa --- (-[1096]). No issue.

ii) other child or children (-after 23 Jan 1051). "Hugo Ruthenensium comes et mater mea Ricardis comitissa" donated property to Conques by charter dated 23 Jan 1051 which refers to "infantes Hugonis comitis"[1724].

iii) [FIDES . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. "Vicecomitissa Narbonæ…Fidis" donated property to the abbeys of Cluny and Moissac by charter dated 1077[1725]. She is shown in secondary sources as the daughter of Hugues Comte de Rouergue. The primary source on which this is based has not been traced. It is possible that the affiliation is speculative, suggested by her being named after her supposed mother. However, the fact that the counties which fell within the sphere of influence of the comtes de Rouergue reverted to the comtes de Toulouse after the death without heirs of Fides´s supposed sister Berthe, suggests that the latter was without collateral heirs. m BERNARD Vicomte de Narbonne, son of BERENGER Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife Garsenda de Besalù (-before 1077).]

b) [ERMENTRUDE . Her name and first marriage are indicated by a charter dated 30 Dec 1035 under which "Stephania…cometissa et filio suo Bernardo chomite" donated property to Santa Maria de Gerri, for the souls of "suscensoribus nostrorum vel… Wilelmo comite filio Ermetruit"[1726]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[1727], she was "Ermengarde", daughter of Raymond [I] Comte de Rouergue & his wife Richarde ---, but the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not yet been identified. m firstly BORELL [I] Comte de Pallars, son of LOPE de Pallars & his wife Gotruda de Cerdanya (-before 994). m secondly as his first wife, SUNYER [I] Conde de Pallars, son of LOPE de Pallars & his wife Gotruda de Cerdanya (-1010).]

2. HUGUES (-after 984). Hugues Bishop of Toulouse names "Ramundo comite et filio suo Hugoni…" as his executors in his testament dated to [960][1728]. The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "alode de Losolario" to "Hugo filius noster"; "alode de Braciaco…castello…Vuandalors" to "Raymundo filio meo et Hugoni filio meo"[1729]. He is cited in two letters from Gerbert in 984 as "Hugues, fils de Raymond, comte-abbé qui manigance en Aquitaine"[1730].

3. PONS . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He is not named in his father's 961 testament.

4. ERMENGAUD . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He is not named in his father's 961 testament.

5. [AVA GISLA [de Rouergue]. The origin of the first wife of Gausfredo is unknown. Szabolcs de Vajay suggests that she may have been the daughter of Raymond I Comte de Rouergue [Toulouse] & his wife Berta of Tuscany, although highlighting that the hypothesis is uncertain[1731]. In addition, her absence from the 961 will of her supposed father, Raymond I Comte de Rouergue, suggests that the hypothesis is incorrect. m as his first wife, GAUSFREDO Conde de Ampurias y Rosellón, son of GAUSBERTO I Conde de Ampurias y Rosellón & his wife Trudegarda ---. 991.]

Comte Raymond [I] had illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

6. sons . The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "castello de Albinio" to "filios meos quos…habeo de filia Odoino"; "manso de Carausiaco" to "filia mea quam habeo ab ipsa filia Odoini"[1732]. The absence of a reference in the text to "filia Odoino" being Raymond's former wife suggests that these children were illegitimate. This interpretation is also supported by the succession of Raymond's son Raymond to his father's county, presumably indicating that he was the oldest son. As the testament shows that Raymond junior was the son of Raymond senior's wife Berta, it is unlikely that his half-brothers by "filia Odoino" would have been older than him.

7. daughter . The testament of "Raymundus comes", dated 961, bequeathed property for life "castello de Albinio" to "filios meos quos…habeo de filia Odoino"; "manso de Carausiaco" to "filia mea quam habeo ab ipsa filia Odoini"[1733]. The absence of a reference in the text to "filia Odoino" being Raymond's former wife suggests that these children were illegitimate.

B. COMTES de RODEZ (VICOMTES de MILLAU)

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not yet been identified, unless otherwise stated below.

RICHARD de Millau, son of BERENGER [II] Vicomte de Millau {Aveyron} et Gévaudan & his wife Adèle de Carlat {Cantal} Vicomtesse de Carlat et de Lodève (-before 1135). "Ricardus vice comes et uxor mea Adalaiz" donated their church of Goliniaco to the abbey of Conques by charter dated 5 Jan 1097, naming "patre meo Berengario"[1734]. Vicomte de Lodève et de Carlat (part). Vicomte de Millau 1096. The comté de Rodez was definitively acquired in 1112 from Alphonse Jourdain Comte de Toulouse. Comte de Rodez {Aveyron} by obtaining part of the comté de Rouergue as a security from Raimond [IV] "de Saint-Gilles" Comte de Toulouse et de Rouergue, the comté de Rodez being definitively acquired in 1112 from Alphonse Jourdain Comte de Toulouse. "Richardus Rutenensium comes" donated property "monasterio in Rutenico pago" to Saint-Victor, Marseille, confirmed by "filio meo Ugone", by charter dated 1112, which names "pater meus Berengarius et fratres eius Bernardus…Massiliensium…abbas et Ugo et Raimundus vicecomites"[1735]. “Ricardus comes Ruthenensis et Ugo filius meus” donated property to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 26 Jun 1119[1736].

m (before 5 Jan 1097) ADELAIS, daughter of ---. "Ricardus vice comes et uxor mea Adalaiz" donated their church of Goliniaco to the abbey of Conques by charter dated 5 Jan 1097[1737]. 1135.

Comte Richard & his wife had one child:

1. HUGUES [I] (-1154). "Richardus Rutenensium comes" donated property "monasterio in Rutenico pago" to Saint-Victor, Marseille, confirmed by "filio meo Ugone", by charter dated 1112, which names "pater meus Berengarius et fratres eius Bernardus…Massiliensium…abbas et Ugo et Raimundus vicecomites"[1738]. “Ricardus comes Ruthenensis et Ugo filius meus” donated property to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 26 Jun 1119[1739]. Comte de Rodez. "Ugonem comitem Ructenensium filium Adalaicæ" swore allegiance to "Rogerium vicecomitem filium Cæciliæ" by charter dated Nov 1142[1740]. "Ugo Rutenensium comes et...Ermengardis uxor eius" donated property "in ecclesia Sancti Saturnini de castro Creisel...", with the consent of "filii nostri Ugonis", by charter dated 1154[1741]. m ERMENGARDE de Creissels {Aveyron}, daughter of --- (-[1170/96]). "Ugo Rutenensium comes et...Ermengardis uxor eius" donated property "in ecclesia Sancti Saturnini de castro Creisel...", with the consent of "filii nostri Ugonis", by charter dated 1154[1742]. She became a nun at Nonenque {Aveyron} after 1170. Comte Hugues [I] & his wife had six children:

a) RAYMOND de Rodez (-young).

b) RICHARD de Rodez (-after 1195). "Richardus et Hugo comes Ruthenensis" recorded an agreement with the bishop of Lodève relating to "Salam Episcopi" by charter dated 1162[1743]. A charter dated 1167 records that the bishop of Lodève and "Richardus Ruthenensis" agreed to share "turri de Montebruno"[1744]. Vicomte de Lodève and (part) Carlat, Baron de Cornus Seigneur de Salmiech {Aveyron}. The testament of “Ugo comes” is dated 8 Oct 1176 and names “filios meos quinque…Ugonem…Guirberto…tres autem filios meos religioni voveo…Henricum”, and “episcopum Ruthenensem fratrem meum…Richardum quoque fratrem meum…Richardi avi mei”, and is signed by “Ugo Ruthenensis episcopus…Richardus comes…”[1745]. m GUILLEMETTE, daughter of ---.

c) HUGUES [II] de Rodez (-1208, bur Bonneval). "Ugo Rutenensium comes et...Ermengardis uxor eius" donated property "in ecclesia Sancti Saturnini de castro Creisel...", with the consent of "filii nostri Ugonis", by charter dated 1154[1746]. Comte de Rodez. "Richardus et Hugo comes Ruthenensis" recorded an agreement with the bishop of Lodève relating to "Salam Episcopi" by charter dated 1162[1747].

- see below.

d) HUGUES de Rodez (-1214). Bishop of Rodez 1161. The testament of “Ugo comes” is dated 8 Oct 1176 and names “filios meos quinque…Ugonem…Guirberto…tres autem filios meos religioni voveo…Henricum”, and “episcopum Ruthenensem fratrem meum…Richardum quoque fratrem meum…Richardi avi mei”, and is signed by “Ugo Ruthenensis episcopus…Richardus comes…”[1748].

e) BERNARD [I] de Rodez dit d'Arpajon[1749] . (-1230 or after, bur Bonnecombe). Seigneur de Calmont-de-Plancatge {Espalion, Aveyron} donated by his father[1750]. Testified 1230. m RICA de Cabrières, daughter of IMBERT/UMBERT Seigneur de Cabrières (-after 1251). Her dowry was land in Fraxinal, Camboulas, Combrouse, the castle of Brousse.

f) GUILLAUME de Rodez . Prior of Saint-Amans. Possessor of lands in Sainte-Radegonde {Aveyron}.

HUGUES [II] de Rodez, son of HUGUES [I] Comte de Rodez & his wife Ermengarde de Creissels (-1208, bur Bonneval {Le Cairol, Aveyron}). "Ugo Rutenensium comes et...Ermengardis uxor eius" donated property "in ecclesia Sancti Saturnini de castro Creisel...", with the consent of "filii nostri Ugonis", by charter dated 1154[1751]. Comte de Rodez. "Richardus et Hugo comes Ruthenensis" recorded an agreement with the bishop of Lodève relating to "Salam Episcopi" by charter dated 1162[1752]. In 1164, he and his brother Comte Hugues, the Abbots and the Seigneurs instituted a "Comun de Paix", approved in 1170 by Pope Alexander IIII, in the form of a tax aimed at enforcing law and order in his comté. He founded the abbey of Bonnecombe {Comps-la-Grandville, Aveyron} in 1167. He recovered Carlat in 1167 under the treaty of Arles with Alfonso II King of Aragon: "Ildefonsus…rex Aragonensis, comes Barchinonensis, duc Provinciæ" granted "vicecomitatu de Carlades", held by "avus patris mei Guilbertus…comes", to "Hugonem comitem Rutenensem" by charter dated 1167[1753]. "Hugo Ruthenarum comes" borrowed money from the bishop of Lodève by charter dated 14 Mar 1174, which names "Guillelmum de Lunatio" as guarantor[1754]. "Hugo comes Rutenensis" granted rights of pasturage on all his lands to Notre-Dame de Dalon by charter dated 1174[1755]. The testament of “Ugo comes” is dated 8 Oct 1176 and names “filios meos quinque…Ugonem…Guirberto…tres autem filios meos religioni voveo…Henricum”, and “episcopum Ruthenensem fratrem meum…Richardum quoque fratrem meum…Richardi avi mei”, and is signed by “Ugo Ruthenensis episcopus…Richardus comes…”[1756]. "Hugo Ruthenarum comes et eius filius" sold feudal rights "in turre de Montebruno…[et] in castro de Elzeria" to the bishop of Lodève by charter dated Mar 1188[1757]. "Hugo comes Ruthenæ, filius Ermengardis et Hugo filius eius et Agnetis comitissæ" donated property to Conques by charter dated 1195[1758].

m AGNES d'Auvergne, daughter of GUILLAUME [VIII] Comte d'Auvergne & his wife Anne de Nevers {Nièvre}. "Hugo comes Ruthenæ, filius Ermengardis et Hugo filius eius et Agnetis comitissæ" donated property to Conques by charter dated 1195[1759].

Mistress (1): BERTRANDE d'Amalon {Saint-Symphorien, Viala-de-Tarn, Aveyron}[1760], daughter of ---. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc suggests that the charter dated 1174 under which Henri [II] Comte de Rodez bought the château de Trepadon en Rouergue for Bertrande d´Amalon shows that she was his mistress not his wife, as his wife Agnes was still living at that date[1761]. This could also explain the convoluted route by which Henri [I] was appointed count, after the implementation of the testament of Comte Guillaume which failed to mention his half-brother.

Comte Hugues [II] & his first wife had five children:

1. HUGUES [III] de Rodez (-Milhaud 1196). The testament of “Ugo comes” is dated 8 Oct 1176 and names “filios meos quinque…Ugonem…Guirberto…tres autem filios meos religioni voveo…Henricum”, and “episcopum Ruthenensem fratrem meum…Richardum quoque fratrem meum…Richardi avi mei”, and is signed by “Ugo Ruthenensis episcopus…Richardus comes…”[1762]. "Hugo Ruthenarum comes et eius filius" sold feudal rights "in turre de Montebruno…[et] in castro de Elzeria" to the bishop of Lodève by charter dated Mar 1188[1763]. He was joint Comte de Rodez, jointly with his father. "Hugo comes Ruthenæ, filius Ermengardis et Hugo filius eius et Agnetis comitissæ" donated property to Conques by charter dated 1195[1764]. A "Chronique en Languedocien, tirée du cartulaire de Raymond le Jeune comte de Toulouse" records the death in Apr 1194 of "el coms de Rodez"[1765]. The Thalamus de Montpellier records the death in 1196 of "el coms de Rodez a Millau"[1766]. m ---. The name of Hugues's wife is not known. Hugues [III] & his wife had [four] children:

a) [BERNARD . The Histoire Générale de Languedoc reports that the four sons of Hugues [III] "Bernard, Jean, Hugues et Richard" are named only in an act dated 1227 "qui est fort sujet à suspicion de fausseté" and dismisses their existence[1767].

b) [JEAN . The Histoire Générale de Languedoc reports that the four sons of Hugues [III] "Bernard, Jean, Hugues et Richard" are named only in an act dated 1227 "qui est fort sujet à suspicion de fausseté" and dismisses their existence[1768]. He was granted land at Rodez, Salles-Curan, Muret, Moyrazès, Montrosier which he left to his brothers when he became a priest.

c) [HUGUES . The Histoire Générale de Languedoc reports that the four sons of Hugues [III] "Bernard, Jean, Hugues et Richard" are named only in an act dated 1227 "qui est fort sujet à suspicion de fausseté" and dismisses their existence[1769].

d) [RICHARD . The Histoire Générale de Languedoc reports that the four sons of Hugues [III] "Bernard, Jean, Hugues et Richard" are named only in an act dated 1227 "qui est fort sujet à suspicion de fausseté" and dismisses their existence[1770].]

2. GILBERT de Rodez . The testament of “Ugo comes” is dated 8 Oct 1176 and names “filios meos quinque…Ugonem…Guirberto…tres autem filios meos religioni voveo…Henricum”, and “episcopum Ruthenensem fratrem meum…Richardum quoque fratrem meum…Richardi avi mei”, and is signed by “Ugo Ruthenensis episcopus…Richardus comes…”[1771]. His father enfeoffed part of the county to him under his brother's suzerainty.

3. BERNARD . Monk at Loc-Dieu.

4. HENRI . The testament of “Ugo comes” is dated 8 Oct 1176 and names “filios meos quinque…Ugonem…Guirberto…tres autem filios meos religioni voveo…Henricum”, and “episcopum Ruthenensem fratrem meum…Richardum quoque fratrem meum…Richardi avi mei”, and is signed by “Ugo Ruthenensis episcopus…Richardus comes…”[1772]. Monk at Conques .

5. GUILLAUME (-1208). He was joint Comte de Rodez from 1196, jointly with his father. "Guillelmus comes Ruthenensis" confirmed the sale of property "in dyocesi Lodovensi" by "patrem et fratrem suum" to the bishop of Lodève by charter dated Apr 1204[1773]. He bequeathed the county of Rodez to his first cousin Guy d'Auvergne. "Guillelms coms de Rodes" and "R…duc de Narbona, comte de Tolosa, marquis de Proensa, fil de Regina Costanssa" agreed peace by charter dated Mar 1208 which names "Yrdoina filia que fu de Beatrig de Camillag, moler del conte de Rodes"[1774]. Under his testament dated 1208, Guillaume Comte de Rodez appointed as his successor his cousin Guy Comte d´Auvergne who, after Guillaume died, transmitted the county to Raymond VI Comte de Toulouse who appointed "Henri" as count[1775]. m as her first husband, IRDOINE de Sévérac[1776], daughter of GUY [III] Baron de Sévérac [le-Château], Aveyron} & his wife Béatrice de Canilhac {Lozère}. "Guillelms coms de Rodes" and "R…duc de Narbona, comte de Tolosa, marquis de Proensa, fil de Regina Costanssa" agreed peace by charter dated Mar 1208 which names "Yrdoina filia que fu de Beatrig de Camillag, moler del conte de Rodes"[1777]. The primary source which confirms her father´s name has not yet been identified. She married secondly --- de Caslaron. Her second marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 13 May 1244 under which her son "Guido de Severiaco filius domini de Caslaron et comitisse quondam Ruthene" swore homage to the bishop of Mende[1778].

Comte Hugues [II] had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

6. HENRI [I] de Rodez (-Palestine [1222]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc suggests that the charter dated 1174 under which Henri [II] Comte de Rodez bought the château de Trepadon en Rouergue for Bertrande d´Amalon shows that the mother of Henri was his father´s mistress not his wife, as his wife Agnes was still living at that date[1779]. This could also explain the convoluted route by which Henri [I] was appointed count, after the implementation of the testament of Comte Guillaume which failed to mention his half-brother. Comte de Rodez. Henri was appointed comte de Rodez by Raymond VI Comte de Toulouse, to whom Guy Comte d´Auvergne transmitted the county after it was left to him under the 1208 testament of his cousin Guillaume Comte de Rodez[1780].

- see below.

HENRI [I] de Rodez, illegitimate son of HUGUES [II] Comte de Rodez & his mistress Bertrande d´Amalon (-Palestine [1222]). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc suggests that the charter dated 1174 under which Henri [II] Comte de Rodez bought the château de Trepadon en Rouergue for Bertrande d´Amalon shows that the mother of Henri was his father´s mistress not his wife, as his wife Agnes was still living at that date[1781]. This could also explain the convoluted route by which Henri [I] was appointed count, after the implementation of the testament of Comte Guillaume which failed to mention his half-brother. Comte de Rodez. Henri was appointed comte de Rodez by Raymond VI Comte de Toulouse, to whom Guy Comte d´Auvergne transmitted the county after it was left to him under the 1208 testament of his cousin Guillaume Comte de Rodez[1782]. "Henricus comes Ruthenensis, comitatum Ruthenensum, Rodellam, vicecomitatum de Cambolatio" swore homage to "domino meo S...comite Leycestriensi, domino Montisfortis...Biterrensi et Carcassensi vicecomite...et domino meo Amalrico primogenito filio vestro" by charter dated 7 Nov 1214[1783]. "Henricus comes Ruthenensis" swore allegiance to "dominus noster Amalricus...dux Narbonensis, comes Tolosanus et dominus Montisfortis" by charter dated 28 Jun 1219[1784]. The testament of "Henricus comes Ruthenensis" is dated 1219, naming "Ugonem…filium meum primogenitum" as his heir in the county of Rodez and the viscounty of Carlat, bequeathing "castrum de Vic et castrum de Ponsminac et castrum de Marmeissa…et castrum de Scoralla et castrum sancti Christophori" to "Guirberto filio meo", money to "filiæ meæ Guizæ" and "A Comitissa uxor mea"[1785].

m ALGAYETTE d'Escorailles (de Scoralha) dame de Bénavent, Vic, Marmiesse, daughter of GUY [II) Seigneur d'Escorailles {Cantal} & his wife Béatrice --- (-after 1219). The testament of "Henricus comes Ruthenensis" is dated 1219, naming "filiæ meæ Guizæ" and "A Comitissa uxor mea"[1786].

Comte Henri [I] & his wife had three children:

1. HUGUES [IV] de Rodez (-1274, bur Nonenques). The testament of "Henricus comes Ruthenensis" is dated 1219, naming "Ugonem…filium meum primogenitum" as his heir in the county of Rodez and the viscounty of Carlat[1787]. Comte de Rodez.

- see below.

2. GUIBERT de Rodez . The testament of "Henricus comes Ruthenensis" is dated 1219, bequeathing "castrum de Vic et castrum de Ponsminac et castrum de Marmeissa…et castrum de Scoralla et castrum sancti Christophori" to "Guirberto filio meo"[1788]. He inherited property in Auvergne.

3. GUISE de Rodez . The testament of "Henricus comes Ruthenensis" is dated 1219, naming "filiæ meæ Guizæ"[1789]. m PIERRE Seigneur de Montlaur {Peyralade-Montlaur, Ardèche}.

HUGUES [IV] de Rodez, son of HENRI [I] Comte de Rodez & his wife Algayette d'Escorailles (-1274, bur Nonenques). Comte de Rodez. He testified 1271.

m (1230) ISABELLE de Roquefeuil, daughter of RAYMOND [I] de Roquefeuil & his wife Delphine (Dauphine) de Turenne {Corrèze} (26 Sep ----). She was heiress of the vicomté de Creissels {Aveyron] and of the Baronnies of Meyrueis and Roquefeuil {Lozère}. The testament of “Isabellis filia quondam nobilis viri domini Raymundi de Rocafolio, uxor nunc domini comitis Ruthenensis” is dated 24 Sep 1252 names “dominæ Dalphinæ matris meæ” and “filiarum mearum et dicti domini comitis…Valborgis, Helis, Alcaietæ et Dalphinetæ…filius meus et heres Aenricus”, and requested burial at Nonenque[1790]. The necrology of the priory of Cassan records the death "VI Kal Oct" of "Elizabeth comitissa Ruthenensis"[1791].

Comte Hugues [IV] & his wife had five children:

1. HENRI [II] de Rodez (-Château de Gages [11 Aug/15 Oct] 1304). The testament of “Isabellis filia quondam nobilis viri domini Raymundi de Rocafolio, uxor nunc domini comitis Ruthenensis” is dated 24 Sep 1252 names “dominæ Dalphinæ matris meæ” and “filiarum mearum et dicti domini comitis…Valborgis, Helis, Alcaietæ et Dalphinetæ…filius meus et heres Aenricus”, and requested burial at Nonenque[1792]. Comte de Rodez, Vicomte de Carlat et de Creissels, Baron de Meyrueis, Seigneur de Roquefeuil, Bénavent, Vic, Marmiesse. A patron of poets and a poet himself[1793]. Testified 11 Aug 1301 at the château de Gages {Aveyron}. m firstly (contract 8 Sep 1256) MARQUISE de Baux, daughter of BARRAL de Baux Vicomte de Marseille & his wife Sibylle d'Anduze. The marriage contract between “Barralus dominus Baucli...Marquisiam filiam” and “domini comitis Ruthenensis...Henricum filium” is dated 8 Sep 1256[1794]. m secondly (12 Oct 1270) MASCAROSE de Comminges, daughter of BERNARD [VI] Comte de Comminges & his wife Thérèse ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, which names "quondam bonæ memoriæ domini Henrici comitis Ruthenæ avi nostri…dominæ Mascariosæ eius uxoris, aut nostræ…dominæ Ceciliæ comitissæ Ruthenæ matris nostræ"[1795]. m thirdly (1302) as her first husband, ANNE de Poitiers, daughter of AYMAR [IV] Comte de Valentinois & his second wife Marguerite de Genève (-17 Aug 1351). Dame de Marsillac, des Salles-Comtaux, d'Agen et de Gages. She married secondly (22 May 1313) Jean [I] Comte de Clermont. Comte Henri [II] & his first wife had one child:

a) ISABELLE de Rodez . m GEOFFROI [V] Seigneur de Pons {Charente-Maritime}.

Comte Henri [II] & his second wife had three children:

b) BEATRICE de Rodez (-Apr 1315). m (17 Nov 1295) BERNARD [III] de la Tour, son of BERTRAND [II] Seigneur de la Tour {Puy-de-Dôme} & his wife Beatrix d´Oliergues (-19 Dec 1325). He succeeded his father in 1296 as Seigneur de la Tour.

c) VALPURGE de Rodez . m (1298) GASTON d'Armagnac Vicomte de Fézensaguet, son of GERAUD [VI] Comte d'Armagnac & his wife Mathe de Béarn (-1319).

d) CECILE de Rodez ([1272]-1313). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the testament of “Bernardus...comes Armaniaci et Fesenciaci”, dated 18 May 1302, which names “domina Cecilia uxor nostra...[et] Henricum comitem Ruthehæ, patrem dictam dominæ uxoris nostræ”[1796]. Ctss de Rodez. The testament of "domini Johannis comitis Armaniaci", dated 18 Feb 1347, names "quondam bonæ memoriæ domini Henrici comitis Ruthenæ avi nostri…dominæ Mascariosæ eius uxoris, aut nostræ…dominæ Ceciliæ comitissæ Ruthenæ matris nostræ"[1797]. m (1298) as his second wife, BERNARD [VI] Comte d'Armagnac, son of GERAUD [VI] Comte d'Armagnac & his wife Mathe de Béarn (-1319).

2. VALPURGE de Rodez . The testament of “Isabellis filia quondam nobilis viri domini Raymundi de Rocafolio, uxor nunc domini comitis Ruthenensis” is dated 24 Sep 1252 names “dominæ Dalphinæ matris meæ” and “filiarum mearum et dicti domini comitis…Valborgis, Helis, Alcaietæ et Dalphinetæ…filius meus et heres Aenricus”, and requested burial at Nonenque[1798]. m GUILLAUME de Châteauneuf [-de-Randon] {Lozère] Seigneur de Luc {Lozère}.

3. ALIX de Rodez . The testament of “Isabellis filia quondam nobilis viri domini Raymundi de Rocafolio, uxor nunc domini comitis Ruthenensis” is dated 24 Sep 1252 names “dominæ Dalphinæ matris meæ” and “filiarum mearum et dicti domini comitis…Valborgis, Helis, Alcaietæ et Dalphinetæ…filius meus et heres Aenricus”, and requested burial at Nonenque[1799]. Nun at Nonenque.

4. ALGAYETTE de Rodez (-[1274/80], bur Narbonne, tombstone in the Lamourguier Museum in Narbonne). The testament of “Isabellis filia quondam nobilis viri domini Raymundi de Rocafolio, uxor nunc domini comitis Ruthenensis” is dated 24 Sep 1252 names “dominæ Dalphinæ matris meæ” and “filiarum mearum et dicti domini comitis…Valborgis, Helis, Alcaietæ et Dalphinetæ…filius meus et heres Aenricus”, and requested burial at Nonenque[1800]. A charter dated 24 Mar 1271 records the agreement between "dominum Aymericum et dominum Amalricum fratres, filios quondam domini Amalrici...vicecomitis et domini Narbone" concerning their father´s inheritance, later confirmed by "Sibylia uxor dicti domini Aymerici et domina Alcayeta uxor dicti domini Amalrici"[1801]. m (before 24 Mar 1271) as his first wife, AMALRIC de Narbonne Baron de Pérignan, son of AMALRIC [I] Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife Philippa d'Anduze (-after 11 Jan 1302).

5. DELPHINE [Dauphine] de Rodez . The testament of “Isabellis filia quondam nobilis viri domini Raymundi de Rocafolio, uxor nunc domini comitis Ruthenensis” is dated 24 Sep 1252 names “dominæ Dalphinæ matris meæ” and “filiarum mearum et dicti domini comitis…Valborgis, Helis, Alcaietæ et Dalphinetæ…filius meus et heres Aenricus”, and requested burial at Nonenque[1802]. m PIERRE Pelet [Narbonne] Seigneur d'Alès [Gard].

C. VICOMTES de MILLAU

The vicomté included the city of Millau {Aveyron} (Latin Amiliavum).

The primary sources which confirm the parentage and marriages of the members of this family have not so far been identified, unless otherwise shown below.

BERENGER [I], son of BERNARD [II] Vicomte de Rouergue & his wife --- . "Bernardo vicecomite et infantes suos Berengario et Bernardo" exchanged property with the abbey of Vabre by charter dated Dec 937[1803]. Vicomte de Millau.

m ---. The name and origin of Bernard's wife are not known. Settipani suggests that she was the daughter of Richard, fiduciaire de Salluster in 920[1804], presumably to explain transmission of his name into the family.

Bérenger & his wife had [one child]:

1. [RICHARD [I] (-[28 Jul 1013/1023]). Vicomte de Millau 1002. "Ricardus vice comes" donated the church of Severiago "in pago Ruthenico" to the abbey of Conques by charter dated to Jul [996/1031][1805]. A charter dated 28 Jul 1013 records a hearing of a claim by "Richardus per vocem uxoris suæ Senegundis" in Béziers against "Garsindis comitissa" who refers to property granted to her by "pater meus dominus Villelmus vicecomes"[1806]. m SENEGONDE de Béziers, daughter of GUILLAUME [II] Vicomte de Béziers & his [first/second] wife [Ermentrude ---/Arsinde de Carcassonne] (-after 22 Mar 1013). The testament of "Guillelmus vicecomes", dated 990, appointed "…Arsindis vicecomitissa…" among his executors and named "filia sua Garsindis…filia mea Senegundis"[1807]. A charter dated 28 Jul 1013 records a hearing of a claim by "Richardus per vocem uxoris suæ Senegundis" in Béziers against "Garsindis comitissa" who refers to property granted to her by "pater meus dominus Villelmus vicecomes"[1808]. The primary source which confirms the identity of Senegonde's mother has not yet been identified, although it is implied from the testament of her father dated 990. Richard [I] & his wife had [one] child:

a) [RICHARD [II] (-1050). Vicomte de Millau et de Gévaudan. A charter dated 22 Mar 1023 records a hearing at Narbonne before "Berengarius vicecomes et Richardus…vicecomes"[1809].

- see below.

2. [RICHARDE (-after 7 Jun 1032). Stasser suggests[1810] that the wife of Raymond [I] Vicomte de Narbonne was the daughter of Berenger Vicomte de Millau to explain transmission of the name Bérenger into the Narbonne family. "Ermengaudus archipraesul" names "Ricardis vicecomitissa…Raymundo vicecomite et Berengario filio ejus...Willelmo nepoti meo…Berengario nepoti meo" in a charter dated 22 Mar 1023[1811]. "Berengarius" donated property by charter dated 7 Jun 1032, subscribed by "Berengarii vicecomitis, Ricardis vicecomitissae matris ejus…Garsindis uxoris eiusdem, Raymundi filii eorum..."[1812]. m RAYMOND [I] Vicomte de Narbonne, son of MATFRED Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife Adelais --- (-1019).]

RICHARD [II] de Millau, son of [RICHARD [I] Vicomte de Millau & his wife Sénégonde de Béziers] (-1050). Vicomte de Millau et de Gévaudan. A charter dated 22 Mar 1023 records a hearing at Narbonne before "Berengarius vicecomes et Richardus…vicecomes"[1813]. 1050

m RIXINDE de Narbonne Dame de Lodève et de Montbrun, daughter of BERENGER Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife Gersende de Besalú [Barcelona] (-after 1070). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. The marriage is suggested by the charter dated 1050 which records that "Raymundum comitem Barchinonensem et Elisabet comitssa" promised the town of Tarragona "cum ipso comitatu Terraconensis" to "Berengarium vicecomitem Narbone", referring also to "uxor eius…filiis suis aud Ricardus vicecomes de Amilau"[1814]. Her name is confirmed by the charter dated 1061 under which “Bernardus filius Richardi de Amiliau quondam vicecomitis et uxoris eius Rixendis” donated property on his becoming a monk at Saint-Victor de Marseille, signed by “matris mei Rixendis”[1815]. "Berengarius, Ricardi quondam vicecomitis filius" donated property to Marseille Saint-Victor "in manu abbatis Bernardi germani utique fratris mei et Ricardi eiusdem monasterii qui similiter mihi etiam frater est", for the souls of "patris mei Ricardi" and for the salvation of "matris meæ Rixendis" by charter dated 1070, signed by "Rixendis matris eius, Bernardi fratris eius"[1816].

Richard [II] & his wife had six children:

1. BERENGER [II] (-[1080/5 Jan 1097]). “Fratrum eius Berengarii et Ugonis et Raimundi et Ricardi” subscribed the charter dated 1061 under which “Bernardus filius Richardi de Amiliau quondam vicecomitis et uxoris eius Rixendis” donated property on his becoming a monk at Saint-Victor de Marseille[1817]. Vicomte de Millau et de Gévaudan. He founded the priory of Montsalvy before 1071. "Berengarius Ricardi vicecomes" donated property "in territorio Gaballitano…ecclesia…sancti Martini…in episcopate Mimatensi…in pago Bannecensi" to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 1 Jul 1060, signed by "Berengarius vicecomes, Raimundus frater eius"[1818]. "Berengarius, Ricardi quondam vicecomitis filius" donated property to Marseille Saint-Victor "in manu abbatis Bernardi germani utique fratris mei et Ricardi eiusdem monasterii qui similiter mihi etiam frater est", for the souls of "patris mei Ricardi" and for the salvation of "matris meæ Rixendis" by charter dated 1070, signed by "Rixendis matris eius, Bernardi fratris eius"[1819]. m (before 1050) ADELA Vicomtesse de Carlat, daughter and heiress of GIRBERT Vicomte de Carlat & his wife Nobilia Vicomtesse de Lodève. Bérenger & his wife had three children:

a) GIRBERT [Gilbert] (-murdered [1110/12]). Vicomte de Millau, de Gévaudan, et de Carlat (part). m GERBERGE Ctss Provence, daughter of [GEOFFROY Comte de Provence & his wife Etiennette --- (-[3 Feb 1112/Jan 1118]). According to the Histoire Générale de Languedoc, Gerberge was the daughter of Comte Geoffroy[1820]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not so far been identified.

- COMTES de PROVENCE.

b) RICHARD (-before 1135). "Ricardus vice comes et uxor mea Adalaiz" donated their church of Goliniaco to the abbey of Conques by charter dated 5 Jan 1097, naming "patre meo Berengario"[1821]. Vicomte de Lodève et de Carlat (part). Vicomte de Millau 1096. Comte de Rodez {Aveyron}[1822] by obtaining part of the comté de Rouergue as a security from Raimond [IV] "de Saint-Gilles" Comte de Toulouse et de Rouergue, the comté de Rodez being definitively acquired in 1112 from Alphonse Jourdain Comte de Toulouse.

- COMTES de RODEZ.

c) RAYMOND . Before 1077.

2. BERNARD (-Rome [4 Aug/2 Nov] 1079). “Bernardus filius Richardi de Amiliau quondam vicecomitis et uxoris eius Rixendis” donated property on his becoming a monk at Saint-Victor de Marseille by charter dated 1061[1823]. "Richardus Rutenensium comes" donated property "monasterio in Rutenico pago" to Saint-Victor, Marseille, confirmed by "filio meo Ugone", by charter dated 1112, which names "pater meus Berengarius et fratres eius Bernardus…Massiliensium…abbas et Ugo et Raimundus vicecomites"[1824]. Abbé de Saint-Victor, Marseille 1064. "Berengarius, Ricardi quondam vicecomitis filius" donated property to Marseille Saint-Victor "in manu abbatis Bernardi germani utique fratris mei et Ricardi eiusdem monasterii qui similiter mihi etiam frater est", for the souls of "patris mei Ricardi" and for the salvation of "matris meæ Rixendis" by charter dated 1070, signed by "Rixendis matris eius, Bernardi fratris eius"[1825]. Cardinal. Papal legate.

3. HUGUES . “Fratrum eius Berengarii et Ugonis et Raimundi et Ricardi” subscribed the charter dated 1061 under which “Bernardus filius Richardi de Amiliau quondam vicecomitis et uxoris eius Rixendis” donated property on his becoming a monk at Saint-Victor de Marseille[1826]. "Richardus Rutenensium comes" donated property "monasterio in Rutenico pago" to Saint-Victor, Marseille, confirmed by "filio meo Ugone", by charter dated 1112, which names "pater meus Berengarius et fratres eius Bernardus…Massiliensium…abbas et Ugo et Raimundus vicecomites"[1827]. "Hugo vicecomes" donated the church of Salars "in pago Rutenico" to the abbey of Conques by charter dated Jan [1070/90], subscribed by "Rixendis matris suæ"[1828]. 1060/79. Vicomte de Carlat et de Lodève.

4. RAYMOND (-after 1 Jul 1060). "Berengarius Ricardi vicecomes" donated property "in territorio Gaballitano…ecclesia…sancti Martini…in episcopate Mimatensi…in pago Bannecensi" to Saint-Victor, Marseille by charter dated 1 Jul 1060, signed by "Berengarius vicecomes, Raimundus frater eius"[1829]. “Fratrum eius Berengarii et Ugonis et Raimundi et Ricardi” subscribed the charter dated 1061 under which “Bernardus filius Richardi de Amiliau quondam vicecomitis et uxoris eius Rixendis” donated property on his becoming a monk at Saint-Victor de Marseille[1830]. "Richardus Rutenensium comes" donated property "monasterio in Rutenico pago" to Saint-Victor, Marseille, confirmed by "filio meo Ugone", by charter dated 1112, which names "pater meus Berengarius et fratres eius Bernardus…Massiliensium…abbas et Ugo et Raimundus vicecomites"[1831]. 1058/60. Vicomte de Carlat et de Lodève.

5. RICHARD (-[15 Feb 1121]). “Fratrum eius Berengarii et Ugonis et Raimundi et Ricardi” subscribed the charter dated 1061 under which “Bernardus filius Richardi de Amiliau quondam vicecomitis et uxoris eius Rixendis” donated property on his becoming a monk at Saint-Victor de Marseille[1832]. "Berengarius, Ricardi quondam vicecomitis filius" donated property to Marseille Saint-Victor "in manu abbatis Bernardi germani utique fratris mei et Ricardi eiusdem monasterii qui similiter mihi etiam frater est", for the souls of "patris mei Ricardi" and for the salvation of "matris meæ Rixendis" by charter dated 1070, signed by "Rixendis matris eius, Bernardi fratris eius"[1833]. Abbé de Saint-Victor, Marseille 1079/1103. Cardinal 1077/1082. Archbishop of Narbonne 1106.

6. ROGER . 1058.

D. VICOMTES de ROUERGUE

1. RAINO (-after Jan [934]). Vicomte [de Rouergue]. "Ermengaudus comes et filius suus Regimundus et Rainus vicecomes et vicarius" donated property "in pago Ruthenico in ministerio Curiense in villa…Seviniaco" to Vabres by charter dated Jan [934], subscribed by "…Ugone filio Ermengaudo, Bernardo vicecomite, Ildoino, Adalone"[1834].

2. FREDELON ([880]-[932/37]). Abbot of Vabres 916.

3. BERNARD [I] ([870]-[920/32]). Vicomte de Rouergue 914/920. m ---. The name and origin of Bernard's wife are not known. Bernard [I] & his wife had [one child]:

a) [BERNARD [II] ([895]-[936]). Nepos of Frédelon abbé de Vabres[1835]. Vicomte [de Rouergue]. "Ermengaudus comes et filius suus Regimundus et Rainus vicecomes et vicarius" donated property "in pago Ruthenico in ministerio Curiense in villa…Seviniaco" to Vabres by charter dated Jan [934], subscribed by "…Ugone filio Ermengaudo, Bernardo vicecomite, Ildoino, Adalone"[1836]. "Ermengaudus comes et uxor mea Adalais comitissa" donated property "in pago Ruthenico" to Vabres by charter dated Jul 935, subscribed by "Adalone, Elduino, Genesio, Ugone filio Adalone, Ermengaudo fratre suo, Bernardo vicecomite"[1837]. "Bernardo vicecomite et infantes suos Berengario et Bernardo" exchanged property "in pago Rutenico in ministerio Curtense, curtem…Rufiniaco in valle…Lendisca" for property "in ipso pago in ministerio Regoniense curte…Solmegio…et alio in loco villa Spinoso" with the abbey of Vabre by charter dated Dec 937[1838]. m ---. The name and origin of Bernard's wife are not known. Settipani suggests that she was the sister of Bérenger Comte de Substantion-Melgueil[1839], presumably to explain transmission of his name into the family, but this is only one possible explanation. Bernard [II] & his wife had two children:

i) BERENGER [I] . "Bernardo vicecomite et infantes suos Berengario et Bernardo" exchanged property with the abbey of Vabre by charter dated Dec 937[1840]. Vicomte de Millau. m ---. The name and origin of Bernard's wife are not known. Settipani suggests that she was the daughter of Richard, fiduciaire de Salluster in 920[1841], presumably to explain transmission of his name into the family. Bérenger & his wife had [one child]:

- VICOMTES de MILLAU.

ii) BERNARD [III] (-after 937). "Bernardo vicecomite et infantes suos Berengario et Bernardo" exchanged property with the abbey of Vabre by charter dated Dec 937[1842]. Vicomte de Gévaudan. m ---. The name of Bernard's wife is not known. Bernard & his wife had [two children]:

(a) [RIGAUD . Vicomte de Gévaudan. "Stephanus vicecomes Gabalitanensium cum coniuge mea Aiamolde" founded the monastery of Langogne "in comitatu Gabalitano in vicaria Miliacense in villa…Lingonia secus ripam fluvii Elerii", with the consent of "…Rigaldi fratris mei et Urbani, filiique eius Simonis, Pontii quoque comitis ac Bertrandi fratrum", and donated property including "in comitatu Vivariensi" by charter dated 998[1843]. 1011/29.]

(b) [ETIENNE (-after 1029). Vicomte de Gévaudan. "Stephanus vicecomes Gabalitanensium cum coniuge mea Aiamolde" founded the monastery of Langogne "in comitatu Gabalitano in vicaria Miliacense in villa…Lingonia secus ripam fluvii Elerii", with the consent of "…Rigaldi fratris mei et Urbani, filiique eius Simonis, Pontii quoque comitis ac Bertrandi fratrum", and donated property including "in comitatu Vivariensi" by charter dated 998[1844]. He made a pilgrimage to Rome in 998. m ANGELMONDE, daughter of --- (-after 998). "Stephanus vicecomes Gabalitanensium cum coniuge mea Aiamolde" founded the monastery of Langogne "in comitatu Gabalitano in vicaria Miliacense in villa…Lingonia secus ripam fluvii Elerii", with the consent of "…Rigaldi fratris mei et Urbani, filiique eius Simonis, Pontii quoque comitis ac Bertrandi fratrum", and donated property including "in comitatu Vivariensi" by charter dated 998[1845].]

4. EMENS (-after 26 Feb 960). Vicomte [de Rouergue]. "Bertha comitissa" donated property inherited from "avunculi mei Ubonis, regis in regno Gociæ in comitatu Sustantionensi…villam…Candianicus…" to Montmajour by charter dated 26 Feb 960, signed by "…Emens vicecomes…"[1846].

Chapter 11. COMTES d'UZES

The county of Uzès lay north of Nîmes along the west bank of the river Rhône. It is the county about which the least information has been found in the whole group of counties within the sphere of influence of the comtes de Toulouse. The only references found to early counts in Uzès are shown in Part A of this chapter. A continuous line of bishops of Uzès can be traced from the 4th century, and the obvious explanation for the failure of the line of counts is that the bishops acquired temporal power in the county. The first reference to a seigneur d´Uzès which has been found is dated to 1088 (see Part B below). It has not yet been ascertained whether the Seigneurs d´Uzès were vassals of the bishops or of the comtes de Toulouse.

A. COMTES et VICOMTES d'UZES

1. AMAURY (-after [951/52]). Comte [d´Uzès]. "Lucerius sacerdos" donated property "in pago Uzetico" to Cluny, for the souls of "genitoris mei Castellani et genetricis meæ Marthæ" and for the salvation of "senioris mei domni Amalrici comitis, dominæ meæ Ermengardis comitissæ et senioris mei Bermondi comitis et Rotberti consobrini mei", by charter dated to [951/52], signed by "Bermundi comitis, Ructaldi vicecomitis…"[1847]. m ERMENGARDE, daughter of --- (-after [951/52]). "Lucerius sacerdos" donated property "in pago Uzetico" to Cluny, for the souls of "genitoris mei Castellani et genetricis meæ Marthæ" and for the salvation of "senioris mei domni Amalrici comitis, dominæ meæ Ermengardis comitissæ et senioris mei Bermondi comitis et Rotberti consobrini mei", by charter dated to [951/52][1848].

2. BERMOND (-after [951/52]). Comte [d´Uzès]. "Lucerius sacerdos" donated property "in pago Uzetico" to Cluny, for the souls of "genitoris mei Castellani et genetricis meæ Marthæ" and for the salvation of "senioris mei domni Amalrici comitis, dominæ meæ Ermengardis comitissæ et senioris mei Bermondi comitis et Rotberti consobrini mei", by charter dated to [951/52][1849]. His name suggests a connection with the later family of Seigneurs d´Anduze.

3. RUCTALD (-after [951/52]). Vicomte [d´Uzès]. "Lucerius sacerdos" donated property "in pago Uzetico" to Cluny, for the souls of "genitoris mei Castellani et genetricis meæ Marthæ" and for the salvation of "senioris mei domni Amalrici comitis, dominæ meæ Ermengardis comitissæ et senioris mei Bermondi comitis et Rotberti consobrini mei", by charter dated to [951/52], signed by "Bermundi comitis, Ructaldi vicecomitis…"[1850].

B. SEIGNEURS d'UZES

1. ELZEAR de Uzès (-after [1094]). Seigneur d´Uzès. "Raimundus comes Tolosanæ, dux Narbonæ, marchio Provinciæ" donated property to Saint-André d´Avignon by charter dated 1088 (which presumably should be redated to after 1094), signed by "…Guillelmus de Sabrano, Alisiardus de Usetico, Rostagnus de Posqueriis, Gibellinus de Sabrano…"[1851].

1. ROSTAING de Posquières (-after [1094]). "Raimundus comes Tolosanæ, dux Narbonæ, marchio Provinciæ" donated property to Saint-André d´Avignon by charter dated 1088 (which presumably should be redated to after 1094), signed by "…Guillelmus de Sabrano, Alisiardus de Usetico, Rostagnus de Posqueriis, Gibellinus de Sabrano…"[1852].

BERMOND [I] d´Uzès, son of RAYMOND [II] Decanus & his wife --- (-after 1174). "Bremundus dominus Uceciæ et Poscheriarum" donated property to the abbey of Bonnecombe, in the presence of "Raymundo Uceciæ filio præfati Bermundo", by charter dated 1168[1853]. Seigneur d´Uzès. "Bremundus…Uticensis et Poscheriensis dominus" donated property to "Beatæ Mariæ Francarumvallium" by charter dated 1174[1854]. "Bremundus Usetiæ…Elisarius et Raimundus filii eius" donated property to "Beatæ Mariæ Franchisvallibus" by charter dated 1174[1855].

m ---. The name of Bermond´s wife is not known.

Bermond & his wife had two children:

1. ELZEAR d´Uzès (-[1185/7 Dec 1196]). "Elisiardus major natu filiorum Bermundi de Uzetica" is named in a charter dated 1156[1856]. "Bremundus Usetiæ…Elisarius et Raimundus filii eius" donated property to "Beatæ Mariæ Franchisvallibus" by charter dated 1174[1857]. Seigneur de Posquières. "Helisiardus de Usetico…Raimundus de Usetico frater supradicti Helesiardi" are named in a charter dated Jan 1183[1858]. "Helisarius de Usetico Poscheriarum dominus" confirmed a donation made by "Bermundus de Usetico quondam pater meus" by charter dated Oct 1185, later confirmed by "Bermundus supradicti Helisiarii filius"[1859]. m ---. The name of Elzéar´s wife is not known. Elzéar & his wife had two children:

a) ROSTAIN (-after 1209). "Rostagnus Poscheriarum dominus" confirmed a donation by "patre suo quondam Elisiario" by charter dated 7 Dec 1196[1860]. Seigneur de Posquières. m ---. Rostain & his wife had one child:

i) DOUCE . m (1210) ERACLE Seigneur de Montlaur, son of ---.

b) BERMOND .

2. RAYMOND d´Uzès "Rascas" (-[9 Jul 1205/Mar 1208]). "Bremundus dominus Uceciæ et Poscheriarum" donated property to the abbey of Bonnecombe, in the presence of "Raymundo Uceciæ filio præfati Bermundo", by charter dated 1168[1861]. "Bremundus Usetiæ…Elisarius et Raimundus filii eius" donated property to "Beatæ Mariæ Franchisvallibus" by charter dated 1174[1862]. Seigneur d´Uzès. "Helisiardus de Usetico…Raimundus de Usetico frater supradicti Helesiardi" are named in a charter dated Jan 1183[1863]. "Bertrandus de Ucecia et…Maria eius soror heredes Raimunde filie quondam fratris nostri Raimundi de Ucecia et…Guillelmus Castellanus maritus suprascripte Marie" donated property by charter dated Nov 1198[1864]. "Raimundus dominus Ucetiæ" donated property to the Chartreuse de Valbonne by charter dated 9 Jul 1205, confirmed by charter dated Mar 1208 by "Decanus filius iamdicti Raimundi domini Ucetiæ"[1865]. m ---. The name of Raymond´s wife is not known. Raymond & his wife had two children:

a) DECAN (-[Mar 1208/Jul 1212]). "Raimundus dominus Ucetiæ" donated property to the Chartreuse de Valbonne by charter dated 9 Jul 1205, confirmed by charter dated Mar 1208 by "Decanus filius iamdicti Raimundi domini Ucetiæ"[1866]. Seigneur d´Uzès.

b) BERMOND [II] (-1254). "Bermundus dominus Ucetiæ" confirmed donations to the Chartreuse de Valbonne by "pater meus R. quondam" by charter dated Jul 1212[1867]. Seigneur d´Uzès. "Bermundus dominus Ucetiæ" donated property "in loco...Sopiaus" to the Chartreuse de Valbonne, for the soul of "Decani fratris mei", by charter dated 1212[1868]. "Bermundus de Ucetia filius quondam Raimundi Rascacii" swore allegiance to the bishop of Uzès for property "infra et extra Ucetiam civitatem" by charter dated 12 May 1215[1869]. "Bermundus dominus Ucetiæ" recognised the rights of the monastery of Valbonne, in the presence of "Guirauda uxore mea domina Ucetiæ", by charter dated 29 Dec 1222[1870]. "Bermundus dominus Ucetiæ et Armasanicarum" donated property "in aquis de Iscia" by charter dated 24 Jul 1226[1871]. m GUIRAUDE, daughter of --- (-after 29 Dec 1222). "Bermundus dominus Ucetiæ" recognised the rights of the monastery of Valbonne, in the presence of "Guirauda uxore mea domina Ucetiæ", by charter dated 29 Dec 1222[1872]. Bermond & his wife had one child:

i) DECAN (-1283 or after). Seigneur d´Uzès. m ---. The name of Decan´s wife is not known. Decan & his wife had one child:

(a) BERMOND [III] (-before 1328). Seigneur d´Uzès.

- VICOMTES d´UZES, DUCS d´UZES.

ELZEAR de Sabran, son of ROSTAIN [II] de Sabran & his second wife Roscie Dame du Caylar et d'Uzès (-after 1208). Seigneur d´Uzès.

m ---. The name of Elzear´s wife is not known.

Elzéar & his wife had one child:

1. RAINON [IV] (-1254, bur Saint-Nicholas de Campagnac). Seigneur d´Uzès. m GUILLELME, daughter of RAYMOND GAUCELIN Seigneur de Lunel & his wife Sibylle de Montpellier. Her marriage is confirmed and her parentage indicated by the testament of her husband "Heliziarius dominus Ucetie", dated 6 May 1254, which names "...domine Guillelme matri mee" and "dominum Ramundum Gaucelinum avunculum meum"[1873]. Rainon & his wife had four children:

a) ELZEAR (-after 1272). Seigneur d´Uzès. The testament of "Heliziarius dominus Ucetie", dated 6 May 1254, chose burial "in cemeterio Sancti Nicolai de Campanhaco cum domino Rainone quondam patre meo", named "domine Guillelme uxori mee…domino Gualfredo socero meo...Helizario filiolo meo filio Stephani de Codos...domine Guillelme matri mee", bequeathes property to "Rainoni fratri meo" and appoints "Alamandam filiam meam majorem et Guizetam aliam filiam meam" as his heirs, substituting "Raynonem fratrem meum...Ramundum Gaucelinum fratrem meum", and also names "dominum Ramundum Gaucelinum avunculum meum"[1874]. m GUILLELME, daughter of GUALFRED & his wife ---. Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the testament of her husband "Heliziarius dominus Ucetie", dated 6 May 1254, which names "domine Guillelme uxori mee…domino Gualfredo socero meo..."[1875]. Elzéar & his wife had three children:

i) ALAMANDA . The testament of "Heliziarius dominus Ucetie", dated 6 May 1254, appoints "Alamandam filiam meam majorem et Guizetam aliam filiam meam" as his heirs, substituting "Raynonem fratrem meum...Ramundum Gaucelinum fratrem meum"[1876].

ii) GUISA . The testament of "Heliziarius dominus Ucetie", dated 6 May 1254, appoints "Alamandam filiam meam majorem et Guizetam aliam filiam meam" as his heirs, substituting "Raynonem fratrem meum...Ramundum Gaucelinum fratrem meum"[1877].

iii) BERENGER (after 6 May 1254-after 1321). m (1321) BLANCHE de Plasian, daughter of ---.

b) RAINON . The testament of "Heliziarius dominus Ucetie", dated 6 May 1254, appoints "Alamandam filiam meam majorem et Guizetam aliam filiam meam" as his heirs, substituting "Raynonem fratrem meum...Ramundum Gaucelinum fratrem meum"[1878].

c) RAYMOND GAUCELIN (-before 1279). The testament of "Heliziarius dominus Ucetie", dated 6 May 1254, appoints "Alamandam filiam meam majorem et Guizetam aliam filiam meam" as his heirs, substituting "Raynonem fratrem meum...Ramundum Gaucelinum fratrem meum"[1879]. m BEATRIX de Frédol, daughter of --- (-after 1279). Raymond Gaucelin & his wife had one child:

i) RAYMOND GAUCELIN (-1316 or after). Seigneur de Ledenon. m ---. The name of Raymond Gaucelin´s wife is not known. Raymond Gaucelin & his wife had one child:

(a) BEATRIX . m REFORCIAT de Montauban, son of ---.

d) ELZEARE .

C. SEIGNEURS d'ALES (NARBONNE-PELET)

While there is little doubt that the Pelet Seigneurs d'Alès belonged to the family of the Vicomtes de Narbonne[1880], no direct evidence illuminates the exact circumstances of their accession to the Seigneurie d'Alès {Gard}.

BERNARD [I] "Pelet" de Narbonne, son of RAYMOND [II] Vicomte de Narbonne & his wife --- (-after 1068). "Raymundus Berengarius et infantes sui…Berengarius clericus et Bernardus Peletus et filia sua Richarda" granted property to Raimond Bernard Vicomte d'Albi and his wife Ermengarde by charter dated to [1068][1881].

m ---. The name of Bernard's wife is not known.

Bernard & his wife had one child:

1. RAYMOND de Narbonne-Pelet (-after 11 Jul 1120). The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. Albert of Aix names "…Reimundus cognomine Pellez…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context[1882]. William of Tyre names "Raimondus Piletus" among those present at the capture of Antioch in 1098[1883]. William of Tyre records that Raymond Pelet captured Tortosa during the First Crusade[1884]. Baldricus names "Raimundus Piletus" among the army of Raymond de Saint-Gilles Comte de Toulouse[1885]. On 25 Jul 1098 he took Tell-Mannas, on 14 Feb 1099 with Raymond de Turenne he attacked and won Tortosa, on 18 Jun 1099 with Guillaume de Sabran he fought successfully to have the goods and arms brought by the Genovese safely transported to Jerusalem[1886]. m AGNES, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified. 11 Jul 1120[1887]. Raymond & his wife had two children:

a) RAYMOND Pelet . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. 1148.

b) BERNARD Pelet (-[1170/72]). The Histoire de Montpellier names "Bernard Pelet, fils de Bermond et petit-fils de Raymond Pelet" who took part in the First Crusade as second husband of Beatrix de Melgueil[1888]. He succeeded as Comte de Melgueil by right of his wife.

- COMTES de MELGUEIL.

D. SEIGNEURS d'ANDUZE

1. BERNARD "Pelet" (-after 20 Oct 1020). "Bernardus miles, Pelitus et infantes mei episcopi, id est Fredolus, presul et Geiraldus pontifex et Almeradus, et alii infantes mei, Raimundus et Bermundus et mater illorum Garsindis" donated property to Nîmes Notre-Dame by charter dated 20 Oct 1020, subscribed by "…Garsindis comitissa…"[1889]. m firstly ERMENGARDE, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 1042 under which her stepson and son "Bermundus de Salveo filius Garsindis et Almeradus frater meus de Andusa filius Ermengardis" donated property to the church of Saint-Pierre de Maurois, for the soul of "patris mei Bernardi"[1890]. m secondly (after Apr 1011) as her second husband, GARSINDIS de Béziers, widow of RAYMOND ROGER Comte de Carcassonne, daughter of GUILLAUME [II] Vicomte de Béziers & his first wife Ermentrudis --- (975-after 29 Sep 1043). "Bernardus miles, Pelitus et infantes mei episcopi, id est Fredolus, presul et Geiraldus pontifex et Almeradus, et alii infantes mei, Raimundus et Bermundus et mater illorum Garsindis" donated property to Nîmes Notre-Dame by charter dated 20 Oct 1020, subscribed by "…Garsindis comitissa…"[1891]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage more precisely has not yet been identified. A charter dated 18 Dec 1029 records the foundation of the monastery of Sauve by "Garsindis et filius meus Bremundus et frater eius Almeradus", for the soul of "genitoris nostri Barnardi", in the presence of "Wilelmi comitis Tholosani…Atthonis vicecomitis, et Berengarii, et fratris eius Elisiari de ipso Castro…Emenonis de Sabrano…"[1892]. "Garsendis comitissa…et filiis meis Petro et Guillelmo et Bermundo" donated property to Conques, for the souls of "genitoris mei Guillelmi…genetricis meæ et…Bernardi senioris mei et filii mei Remundi et…filiorum meorum Guillelmi, Petroni, Bermundi", by charter dated Aug [1034][1893]. "Petrus Raimundi comes" donated property to the church of Béziers, with the advice of "Garsindis comitissæ matri meæ", by charter dated 29 Sep 1043[1894]. Bernard Pelet & his first wife had three children:

a) FREDELON (-after 20 Oct 1020). Bishop of Le Puy. "Bernardus miles, Pelitus et infantes mei episcopi, id est Fredolus, presul et Geiraldus pontifex et Almeradus, et alii infantes mei, Raimundus et Bermundus et mater illorum Garsindis" donated property to Nîmes Notre-Dame by charter dated 20 Oct 1020, subscribed by "…Garsindis comitissa…"[1895].

b) GERAUD (-after 20 Oct 1020). Bishop of Nîmes. "Bernardus miles, Pelitus et infantes mei episcopi, id est Fredolus, presul et Geiraldus pontifex et Almeradus, et alii infantes mei, Raimundus et Bermundus et mater illorum Garsindis" donated property to Nîmes Notre-Dame by charter dated 20 Oct 1020, subscribed by "…Garsindis comitissa…"[1896].

c) ALMERADE d´Anduze (-after 12 Jan 1052). "Bernardus miles, Pelitus et infantes mei episcopi, id est Fredolus, presul et Geiraldus pontifex et Almeradus, et alii infantes mei, Raimundus et Bermundus et mater illorum Garsindis" donated property to Nîmes Notre-Dame by charter dated 20 Oct 1020, subscribed by "…Garsindis comitissa…"[1897]. A charter dated 18 Dec 1029 records the foundation of the monastery of Sauve by "Garsindis et filius meus Bremundus et frater eius Almeradus", for the soul of "genitoris nostri Barnardi", in the presence of "Wilelmi comitis Tholosani…Atthonis vicecomitis, et Berengarii, et fratris eius Elisiari de ipso Castro…Emenonis de Sabrano…"[1898]. "Bermundus filius Garsindis" donated property to the church of Saint-Pierre de Maurois, with the advice of "fratris mei Almerardi", for the soul of "patris mei Bernardi", by charter dated 22 Sep 1041[1899]. "Bermundus de Salveo filius Garsindis et Almeradus frater meus de Andusa filius Ermengardis" donated property to the church of Saint-Pierre de Maurois, for the soul of "patris mei Bernardi", by charter dated 1042[1900]. "Almeradus de Andusa et uxor mea Enaurs" donated property to the church of Gellone by charter dated 26 Mar [1049][1901]. The testament of "Almeradus", dated 12 Jan 1052, donated property "in comitatu Nemausensi sub castro Salviensi…et…in comitatu Usetico in terminio de castro…Petramala" to "domum Sancti Petri", bequeathed "quantum habeo in castro Andusiæ" to "filium meum Petrum", witnessed by "…Raymundi de Andusa…Petri Rostagno de Salvio…"[1902]. m ENAURS, daughter of --- (-[26 Mar [1049]/12 Jan 1052]). "Almeradus de Andusa et uxor mea Enaurs" donated property to the church of Gellone by charter dated 26 Mar [1049][1903]. She is not named in her husband´s 12 Jan 1052 testament so presumably she had died before that date. Almerade & his wife had one child:

i) PIERRE d´Anduze (-after 19 Jul 1077). The testament of "Almeradus", dated 12 Jan 1052, bequeathed "quantum habeo in castro Andusiæ" to "filium meum Petrum"[1904]. "Petrus filius Almerardi de Andusa" donated property to Gellone by charter dated to [1051/74], subscribed by "Geraldi de Vinadobre, Raimundi de Andusa, Rostagni de Salveo"[1905]. "Petrus Bermundi filius Austorge…cum uxore mea Helisabeth" confirmed donations to the abbey of Saint-Guillem du Désert by "Bernardus avus meus marchio et Bermundus pater meus" to the abbey of Saint-Guillem du Désert by charter dated 18 Jul 1077, subscribed by "Bernardi fratri eius, Petri Almeradi sui consanguinei…W. Rostagni de Salveo et nepotum suorum Bertrandi et Berengarii et Willelmi-Bertrandi"[1906]. "Bernardus […castri Andusanici marchio] filius Bermundi et Austorge et uxor mea Adalais et filius meus Raymundus" donated property to Saint-Guillem du Désert by charter dated 19 Jul 1077, signed by "Petri-Bermundi fratris sui, Petri-Almeradi sui consanguinei"[1907].

Bernard Pelet & his second wife had two children:

d) RAYMOND (-after 20 Oct 1020). "Bernardus miles, Pelitus et infantes mei episcopi, id est Fredolus, presul et Geiraldus pontifex et Almeradus, et alii infantes mei, Raimundus et Bermundus et mater illorum Garsindis" donated property to Nîmes Notre-Dame by charter dated 20 Oct 1020, subscribed by "…Garsindis comitissa…"[1908].

e) BERMOND de Sauve (-[22 Sep 1041/1054]). "Bernardus miles, Pelitus et infantes mei episcopi, id est Fredolus, presul et Geiraldus pontifex et Almeradus, et alii infantes mei, Raimundus et Bermundus et mater illorum Garsindis" donated property to Nîmes Notre-Dame by charter dated 20 Oct 1020, subscribed by "…Garsindis comitissa…"[1909]. A charter dated 18 Dec 1029 records the foundation of the monastery of Sauve by "Garsindis et filius meus Bremundus et frater eius Almeradus", for the soul of "genitoris nostri Barnardi", in the presence of "Wilelmi comitis Tholosani…Atthonis vicecomitis, et Berengarii, et fratris eius Elisiari de ipso Castro…Emenonis de Sabrano…"[1910]. "Garsendis comitissa…et filiis meis Petro et Guillelmo et Bermundo" donated property to Conques, for the souls of "genitoris mei Guillelmi…genetricis meæ et…Bernardi senioris mei et filii mei Remundi et…filiorum meorum Guillelmi, Petroni, Bermundi", by charter dated Aug [1034][1911]. A charter dated to [1035] records hearings relating to disputes between "Bermundus" and "Petri comitis frater eius"[1912]. "Bermundus filius Garsindis" donated property to the church of Saint-Pierre de Maurois, with the advice of "fratris mei Almerardi", for the soul of "patris mei Bernardi", by charter dated 22 Sep 1041[1913]. "Bermundus de Salveo filius Garsindis et Almeradus frater meus de Andusa filius Ermengardis" donated property to the church of Saint-Pierre de Maurois, for the soul of "patris mei Bernardi", by charter dated 1042[1914]. m ---. The name of Bermond´s wife is not known. Bermond & his wife had one child:

i) BERMOND de Sauve (-after 1054). A charter dated 1054 records that "Bermundus…de Salve" donated "villa…ad Portas" to the church of Saint-Pierre de Sauve, with the consent of "filii sui Petri Bermundi et uxoris suæ Astrigæ", for the soul of "patris mei Bermundi"[1915].

- see below.

1. BERENGER de Sauve (-after 18 Dec 1029). "Wilelmi comitis Tholosani…Atthonis vicecomitis, et Berengarii, et fratris eius Elisiari de ipso Castro…Emenonis de Sabrano…" witnessed the charter dated 18 Dec 1029 which records the foundation of the monastery of Sauve by "Garsindis et filius meus Bremundus et frater eius Almeradus"[1916].

2. ELZEAR de Sauve (-after 18 Dec 1029). "Wilelmi comitis Tholosani…Atthonis vicecomitis, et Berengarii, et fratris eius Elisiari de ipso Castro…Emenonis de Sabrano…" witnessed the charter dated 18 Dec 1029 which records the foundation of the monastery of Sauve by "Garsindis et filius meus Bremundus et frater eius Almeradus"[1917].

BERMOND de Sauve, son of BERMOND de Sauve & his wife --- (-after 1054). A charter dated 1054 records that "Bermundus…de Salve" donated "villa…ad Portas" to the church of Saint-Pierre de Sauve, with the consent of "filii sui Petri Bermundi et uxoris suæ Astrigæ", for the soul of "patris mei Bermundi"[1918].

m ASTORGE, daughter of --- (-after 1054). A charter dated 1054 records that "Bermundus…de Salve" donated "villa…ad Portas" to the church of Saint-Pierre de Sauve, with the consent of "filii sui Petri Bermundi et uxoris suæ Astrigæ", for the soul of "patris mei Bermundi"[1919].

Bermond & his wife had two children:

1. PIERRE BERMOND [I] (-after 27 Jun 1078). A charter dated 1054 records that "Bermundus…de Salve" donated "villa…ad Portas" to the church of Saint-Pierre de Sauve, with the consent of "filii sui Petri Bermundi et uxoris suæ Astrigæ", for the soul of "patris mei Bermundi"[1920]. "Petrus filius Bermundi" donated "ecclesiam Sancti Petri in territorio castri de Salve" to the abbey of Saint-Guillem du Désert by charter dated 23 Sep 1074[1921]. "Petrus Bermundi filius Austorge…cum uxore mea Helisabeth" confirmed donations to the abbey of Saint-Guillem du Désert by "Bernardus avus meus marchio et Bermundus pater meus" to the abbey of Saint-Guillem du Désert by charter dated 18 Jul 1077, subscribed by "Bernardi fratri eius, Petri Almeradi sui consanguinei…W. Rostagni de Salveo et nepotum suorum Bertrandi et Berengarii et Willelmi-Bertrandi"[1922]. "Bernardus […castri Andusanici marchio] filius Bermundi et Austorge et uxor mea Adalais et filius meus Raymundus" donated property to Saint-Guillem du Désert by charter dated 19 Jul 1077, signed by "Petri-Bermundi fratris sui, Petri-Almeradi sui consanguinei"[1923]. A charter dated 27 Jun 1078 records a hearing held by "Raymundo Ruthenensium comiti et Biterrensium vicecomitissæ Hermengardi" relating to a claim by "Petrus…Bermundi filius"[1924]. m ELISABETH, daughter of ---. [1925]. "Petrus Bermundi filius Austorge…cum uxore mea Helisabeth" confirmed donations to the abbey of Saint-Guillem du Désert by "Bernardus avus meus marchio et Bermundus pater meus" to the abbey of Saint-Guillem du Désert by charter dated 18 Jul 1077, subscribed by "Bernardi fratri eius, Petri Almeradi sui consanguinei…W. Rostagni de Salveo et nepotum suorum Bertrandi et Berengarii et Willelmi-Bertrandi"[1926].

2. BERNARD (-after 19 Jul 1077). "Petrus Bermundi filius Austorge…cum uxore mea Helisabeth" confirmed donations to the abbey of Saint-Guillem du Désert by "Bernardus avus meus marchio et Bermundus pater meus" to the abbey of Saint-Guillem du Désert by charter dated 18 Jul 1077, subscribed by "Bernardi fratri eius…"[1927]. [1928]. "Bernardus […castri Andusanici marchio] filius Bermundi et Austorge et uxor mea Adalais et filius meus Raymundus" donated property to Saint-Guillem du Désert by charter dated 19 Jul 1077, signed by "Petri-Bermundi fratris sui, Petri-Almeradi sui consanguinei"[1929]. m ADELAIS, daughter of ---. "Bernardus […castri Andusanici marchio] filius Bermundi et Austorge et uxor mea Adalais et filius meus Raymundus" donated property to Saint-Guillem du Désert by charter dated 19 Jul 1077[1930]. Bernard & his wife had one child:

a) RAYMOND d´Anduze . "Bernardus […castri Andusanici marchio] filius Bermundi et Austorge et uxor mea Adalais et filius meus Raymundus" donated property to Saint-Guillem du Désert by charter dated 19 Jul 1077[1931]. m (after [1085]) as her second husband, ERMENGARDE, widow of BERNARD GUILLAUME [IV] Seigneur de Montpellier, daughter of ---. Her son names his mother "Guillelmus filius Ermengardæ dominus Montispessulani" in a charter dated 1093[1932]. She is often stated to be the daughter of Raymond [I] Comte de Melgueil & his wife Beatrix [de Poitou]. The documentation on which this is based has not yet been identified and it seems unlikely to be correct considering that her son´s wife would have been her niece. Her second marriage being confirmed by the testament dated 1114 made “pergens contra paganos ad expugnandam Majoricam insulam”, by her son “Guillelmus Montipessulani” which bequeathed “castellum d´Omelas” to “Bernardo de Andusia fratri meo et infantibus suis”[1933]. Europäische Stammtafeln interprets this strangely as meaning that Bernard was the son of Guillaume [IV][1934].

3. BERMOND Pelet d´Anduze (-after Jul 1120). "Dominus Bermundus Pelet et uxor sua…Agne" donated "ecclesia Sancti Petri Malonensis" to Conques by charter dated Jul 1120[1935]. m AGNES, daughter of --- (-after Jul 1120). "Dominus Bermundus Pelet et uxor sua…Agne" donated "ecclesia Sancti Petri Malonensis" to Conques by charter dated Jul 1120[1936].

1. PIERRE ROSTAIN de Sauve (-before 1137). m ADELAIS, daughter of --- & his wife Ermesende de Maroiol (-after 1037). "Adalais filia Ermesendis de Maroiol que fui uxor Petri Rostagni de Salve et…Bertrandus filius eorum et…Aldiarz de Agremont et…Rixen…et Adalaiz et…Girberga filie Petri Rostagni predicti et Adalais prefate uxoris eius" sold property "in tota parrochia Sancti Marcelli de Avellano" to "altari Sancti Salvatoris Gellonensis", in the presence of "Bernardi de Andusia et Berengerii de Salve et Bermundi et Raimundi de Salve et Guillelmi fratris eius…", by charter dated 1137[1937]. Pierre Rostain & his wife had four children:

a) BERTRAND de Sauve . "Adalais filia Ermesendis de Maroiol que fui uxor Petri Rostagni de Salve et…Bertrandus filius eorum et…Aldiarz de Agremont et…Rixen…et Adalaiz et…Girberga filie Petri Rostagni predicti et Adalais prefate uxoris eius" sold property "in tota parrochia Sancti Marcelli de Avellano" to "altari Sancti Salvatoris Gellonensis" by charter dated 1137[1938].

b) ALDIARA . "Adalais filia Ermesendis de Maroiol que fui uxor Petri Rostagni de Salve et…Bertrandus filius eorum et…Aldiarz de Agremont et…Rixen…et Adalaiz et…Girberga filie Petri Rostagni predicti et Adalais prefate uxoris eius" sold property "in tota parrochia Sancti Marcelli de Avellano" to "altari Sancti Salvatoris Gellonensis" by charter dated 1137[1939]. m --- de Agremont, son of ---.

c) ADELAIS . "Adalais filia Ermesendis de Maroiol que fui uxor Petri Rostagni de Salve et…Bertrandus filius eorum et…Aldiarz de Agremont et…Rixen…et Adalaiz et…Girberga filie Petri Rostagni predicti et Adalais prefate uxoris eius" sold property "in tota parrochia Sancti Marcelli de Avellano" to "altari Sancti Salvatoris Gellonensis" by charter dated 1137[1940].

d) GILBERGE . "Adalais filia Ermesendis de Maroiol que fui uxor Petri Rostagni de Salve et…Bertrandus filius eorum et…Aldiarz de Agremont et…Rixen…et Adalaiz et…Girberga filie Petri Rostagni predicti et Adalais prefate uxoris eius" sold property "in tota parrochia Sancti Marcelli de Avellano" to "altari Sancti Salvatoris Gellonensis" by charter dated 1137[1941].

1. BERMOND de Sauve . "Raimundus de Andusa" donated property "mansum de Bogeta...eo quod Bertrandus avunculus meus dedit", with the consent of "uxoris mee Helisabet", by charter dated 1133, in the presence of "Bermundi de Salve..."[1942]. It is not known whether the witness was the same person as the uncle of Raymond d´Anduze.

2. son . m ---. One child:

a) RAYMOND d´Anduze . "Raimundus de Andusa" donated property "mansum de Bogeta...eo quod Bertrandus avunculus meus dedit", with the consent of "uxoris mee Helisabet", by charter dated 1133, in the presence of "Bermundi de Salve..."[1943]. It is possible that Raymond d´Anduze was the same person as Raymond de Sauve who is named in the following family sub-group. m ELISABETH, daughter of ---. "Raimundus de Andusa" donated property "mansum de Bogeta", with the consent of "uxoris mee Helisabet", by charter dated 1133[1944].

Of the following family group, the last two named were certainly brothers, but it is possible that the wording of the charter dated 1137 should be interpreted as indicating that all six witnesses were brothers.

1. BERNARD d´Anduze . "Adalais filia Ermesendis de Maroiol que fui uxor Petri Rostagni de Salve et…" sold property "in tota parrochia Sancti Marcelli de Avellano" to "altari Sancti Salvatoris Gellonensis", in the presence of "Bernardi de Andusia et Berengerii de Salve et Bermundi et Raimundi de Salve et Guillelmi fratris eius…", by charter dated 1137[1945].

2. BERENGER de Sauve . "Adalais filia Ermesendis de Maroiol que fui uxor Petri Rostagni de Salve et…" sold property "in tota parrochia Sancti Marcelli de Avellano" to "altari Sancti Salvatoris Gellonensis", in the presence of "Bernardi de Andusia et Berengerii de Salve et Bermundi et Raimundi de Salve et Guillelmi fratris eius…", by charter dated 1137[1946].

3. BERMOND de Sauve . ["Raimundus de Andusa" donated property "mansum de Bogeta...eo quod Bertrandus avunculus meus dedit", with the consent of "uxoris mee Helisabet", by charter dated 1133, in the presence of "Bermundi de Salve..."[1947].] "Adalais filia Ermesendis de Maroiol que fui uxor Petri Rostagni de Salve et…" sold property "in tota parrochia Sancti Marcelli de Avellano" to "altari Sancti Salvatoris Gellonensis", in the presence of "Bernardi de Andusia et Berengerii de Salve et Bermundi et Raimundi de Salve et Guillelmi fratris eius…", by charter dated 1137[1948].

4. RAYMOND de Sauve . "Adalais filia Ermesendis de Maroiol que fui uxor Petri Rostagni de Salve et…" sold property "in tota parrochia Sancti Marcelli de Avellano" to "altari Sancti Salvatoris Gellonensis", in the presence of "Bernardi de Andusia et Berengerii de Salve et Bermundi et Raimundi de Salve et Guillelmi fratris eius…", by charter dated 1137[1949].

5. GUILLAUME de Sauve . "Adalais filia Ermesendis de Maroiol que fui uxor Petri Rostagni de Salve et…" sold property "in tota parrochia Sancti Marcelli de Avellano" to "altari Sancti Salvatoris Gellonensis", in the presence of "Bernardi de Andusia et Berengerii de Salve et Bermundi et Raimundi de Salve et Guillelmi fratris eius…", by charter dated 1137[1950].

1. BERNARD [V] d'Anduze (-after 12 Dec 1161). Seigneur d'Anduze. "Bernardus de Andusia dominus baroniæ de Luco" donated property to the monastery of Sauve by charter dated 12 Dec 1161[1951].

2. BERTRAND d'Anduze (-after Nov 1169). Seigneur d'Anduze. "Bertrandus de Andusia" donated "medietatem decime de villa de Luc" to the prior of Interaquis by charter dated 1158[1952]. "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani" granted "filiam meam Guillelmam" to "Bertrando de Andusia et uxori tuæ Adalaiz" for four years from "hoc festo sanctæ Mariæ Februarii", after which she would be married to "filio vestro Raimundo de Rocafolio", by charter dated Nov 1109, but redated to Nov 1169[1953]. m ADELAIS de Roquefeuil, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her family origin has not yet been identified. "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani" granted "filiam meam Guillelmam" to "Bertrando de Andusia et uxori tuæ Adalaiz" for four years from "hoc festo sanctæ Mariæ Februarii", after which she would be married to "filio vestro Raimundo de Rocafolio", by charter dated Nov 1109, but redated to Nov 1169[1954]. Bernard [V] & his wife had two children:

a) BERNARD [VI] d´Anduze (-after 1189). "Bernarz d´Andusa fil d´Azalaiz" swore homage to the bishop of Nîmes by charter dated 19 Mar 1175[1955]. "R. de Rochafolio et fratri tuo B. de Andusia...domine Alazaiz filii" swore homage for "castrum de Breissacho" {Brissac} by charter dated May 1189[1956].

b) RAYMOND d'Anduze (-after Oct 1200). "R. de Rochafolio et fratri tuo B. de Andusia...domine Alazaiz filii" swore homage for "castrum de Breissacho" {Brissac} by charter dated May 1189[1957]. Seigneur de Roquefeuil et de Meyrueis, Vicomte de Creissels, Comptor de Nant. m (contract Nov 1169, [1174]) GUILLEMETTE "Marchisia" de Montpellier, daughter of (-after [1209]). Under his testament dated 29 Sep 1173, "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Sibilie" names his daughters "Guillelme…Adelais…Marie", stating that they should each receive the same dowry as their sister Sibylle[1958]. "Guillelmus dominus Montispessulani" granted "filiam meam Guillelmam" to "Bertrando de Andusia et uxori tuæ Adalaiz" for four years from "hoc festo sanctæ Mariæ Februarii", after which she would be married to "filio vestro Raimundo de Rocafolio", by charter dated Nov 1109, but redated to Nov 1169[1959]. "Raimundus de Rocafolio et…Guillelma uxor ejus que vocor Marchisia" acknowledged payment by "Guillemus dominus Montispessulani, filius quondam Mathildis ducisse" of the dowry promised to her, by charter dated Oct 1200[1960]. According to documentation, identified by Johannes Vincke[1961], relating to the divorce on grounds of consanguinity of Marie de Montpellier and her husband Pedro King of Aragon, "dominam Clemenciam amitam regine" (Clémence de Montpellier, sister of Guillaume [VIII] Seigneur de Montpellier) made a declaration concerning the couple's consanguinity.

1. ELZIAR de Sauve (-after 1168). A charter dated 1168 records that "n Elsiars de Salve e sos fraire en Rostanz" swore allegiance to "el vescontessa de Nemse na Guillelma"[1962].

2. ROSTAIN . A charter dated 1168 records that "n Elsiars de Salve e sos fraire en Rostanz" swore allegiance to "el vescontessa de Nemse na Guillelma"[1963].

1. PIERRE BERMOND [III] . Seigneur de Sauve. m ---. The name of Pierre Bermond´s wife is not known. Pierre Bermond [III] & his wife had one child:

a) PIERRE BERMOND [IV] de Sauve (-[1 Apr/11 Dec] 1172). Seigneur de Sauve et de Sommières. m (before Oct 1170) as her first husband, ERMESSENDE Pelet, daughter of BERNARD Pelet Seigneur d’Alais Comte de Melgueil & his wife Beatrix Ctss de Melgueil (-Château de Malaucène [Sep/3 Nov] 1176). "Beatrix comitissa Melgorii" divided the county of Melgueil between "filie mee Ermessende" and "Dulcie neptis mee, filie quondam filii mei Raimundi comitis Provincie" by contract dated 1 Apr 1172, which names "Petro Bermundo de Salvis genero meo" and records the betrothal between Dulcie and "Raimundo, duci Narbone, comiti Tolose, marchioni Provincie…filio"[1964]. However, Beatrix made a second donation dated 12 Dec 1172 to Ermessende only, who was by then married to Raymond de Toulouse[1965]. On the same day, Ermessende gave her inheritance to her husband. Ctss de Melgueil 1172. Ermessende predeceased her mother and, by her testament dated Sep 1176 and read 3 Nov 1176, granted the county to her husband, and bequeathed an annual income to her mother[1966]. She married secondly (12 Sep 1172) as his first wife, Raymond de Toulouse, who succeeded his father in 1194 as Raymond VI Comte de Toulouse, Duc de Narbonne.

1. PIERRE de Sauve (-after Aug 1199). "Petrus de Salve et...nos...filii Bertrandus et Rostagnus" sold the mill of Genzanel to "Briccio Gavaldano" by charter dated Aug 1199[1967]. m ---. The name of Pierre´s wife is not known. Pierre & his wife had two children:

a) BERTRAND de Sauve . "Petrus de Salve et...nos...filii Bertrandus et Rostagnus" sold the mill of Genzanel to "Briccio Gavaldano" by charter dated Aug 1199[1968].

b) ROSTAIN de Sauve . "Petrus de Salve et...nos...filii Bertrandus et Rostagnus" sold the mill of Genzanel to "Briccio Gavaldano" by charter dated Aug 1199[1969].

BERNARD [VII] d´Anduze, son of --- (-[1223]). Seigneur d´Anduze.

m MARQUISE, daughter of ---. The name of Bernard´s wife is not known.

Bernard [VII] & his wife had four children:

1. PIERRE BERMOND [VI] (-Rome end 1215). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 9 Sep 1218 under which "Raymundus...dux Narbonæ et comes Tolosæ, marchio Provinciæ" and "Petro Bermundo domino de Salve nepoti meo, nato ex filia mea" reached agreement about "castrum...de Valserga" acquired by "patre tuo quondam Petro Bermudo genero meo et...avo tuo Bernardo de Andusia"[1970]. Seigneur d'Anduze et de Sauve. "Bernardi de Andusia, Petri Bremundi filii eius" were among the witnesses of the charter dated Oct 1205 under which "Petrus…Rex Aragoniæ et comes Barchinoniæ et dominus Montispessulani" and "Raimundo…Duci Narbonæ, Comiti Tolosæ et Marchioni Provinciæ" arranged the marriage of their children[1971]. "...P. Bermundi..." witnessed the charter dated 15 Jul 1210 under which "Willelmum de Baucio filium Bertrandi de Baucio" and "D. R. comitem Tolosæ reginæ Constanciæ filium" confirmed the settlement of their dispute[1972]. m as her second husband, CONSTANCE de Toulouse, divorced wife of don SANCHO VII "el Fuerte" King of Navarre, daughter of RAYMOND VI Comte de Toulouse & his second wife Béatrice de Béziers ([1180]-after 12 May 1260). The Chronicle of Guillaume de Puylaurens records that the daughter of Comte Raymond VI and his wife Beatrix de Béziers married "le roi de Navarre", but confuses her with her mother when he adds that the latter married secondly "Pierre Bermond de Salvio" after her repudiation[1973]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the letter by Pierre Bermond Seigneur de Sauve to Pope Innocent III dated 1212 in which he refers to his "uxorem…quondam filiam comitis Tolosani" when requesting that he be recognised as nearest heir to the comte de Toulouse[1974]. Her name is confirmed by the charter dated Nov 1219 under which "Raymundus, filius domini Raymundi...ducis Narbonæ, comitis Tolosæ, marchionis" confirmed dispositions by "pater meus" to "Petro Bermundi di Salvi nepoti meo, nato ex sorore mea domina Constancia"[1975]. Pierre Bermond [VI] & his wife had six children:

a) PIERRE BERMOND [VII] (1204-after 18 Oct 1254). "Raymundus...dux Narbonæ et comes Tolosæ, marchio Provinciæ" and "Petro Bermundo domino de Salve nepoti meo, nato ex filia mea" reached agreement about "castrum...de Valserga" acquired by "patre tuo quondam Petro Bermudo genero meo et...avo tuo Bernardo de Andusia" by charter dated 9 Sep 1218, which also names "Bernardi de Andusia patrui tui...uxore sua domina Vierna"[1976]. Seigneur d'Anduze et de Sauve. m firstly JOSSERANDE de Poitiers, daughter of AYMAR [II] Comte de Valentinois & his wife Philippa de Fay Dame de Clérieu. 1250/51. m secondly ALASACIE de Pierre, daughter of ---. Pierre Bermond [VII] & his first wife had seven children:

i) GUILLAUME . The testament of Jeanne Ctss de Toulouse, dated 23 Jun 1270, bequeathed property to "…Guillelmo de Andusia consanguineo nostro…Beraudi de Andusia fratri eiusdem Guillelmi consanguineo nostro…"[1977].

ii) BERAUD . The testament of Jeanne Ctss de Toulouse, dated 23 Jun 1270, bequeathed property to "…Guillelmo de Andusia consanguineo nostro…Beraudi de Andusia fratri eiusdem Guillelmi consanguineo nostro…"[1978].

iii) MARIE d'Anduze (1290). Her parentage is confirmed by a receipt dated 19 Feb 1249 in the Chartularium Raimondi comitis Tholosæ from Arnaud Othon Vicomte de Lomagne to Raymond VII Comte de Toulouse for the dowry of the latter's [grand-]niece "nepta sua domina Maria filia…Petri Bermundi de Salves"[1979]. The earliest date of her second marriage is set by letters dated 4 Apr 1269 and 21 Jun 1269 addressed by Alphonse Comte de Poitou et de Toulouse "senescallo Agenensi et Caturcensi" to "nobilem dominam vicecomitissam Altivillaris" relating to the estate of her late first husband, as she would presumably have been addressed by the comital title if she had been married by the latter date[1980]. The latest date for her marriage is set by the letter dated 21 Jun 1270 from Alphonse Comte de Poitou et de Toulouse addressed to "Marie, Petragoricensi comitisse" which names "Archambaudo, Petragoricensi comiti, marito suo"[1981]. The testament of Jeanne Ctss de Toulouse, dated 23 Jun 1270, bequeathed property to "…Margarite custodi Philippe, domine Marie quondam vicecomitisse Altivillaris filie, uxoris domini Archambaudi comitis Petragoricensis…"[1982]. Her date of death is set by the marriage contract of her daughter, by her second marriage, Jeanne. m firstly as his third wife, ARNAUD [III] OTHON Vicomte de Lomagne, son of OTHON [V] Vicomte de Lomagne et d'Auvillars (-[1264/18 Apr 1267]). m secondly ([20 Jun 1269/22 Jun 1270]) as his second wife, ARCHAMBAUD [III] Comte de Périgord, son of HELIE [VIII] Comte de Périgord & his wife Gaillarde d'Armagnac ([1238/40] or after-[1300]).

iv) PHILIPPA d'Anduze (-after 1254). Dame de Sommières {Gard}. A charter dated 24 Mar 1271 records the agreement between "dominum Aymericum et dominum Amalricum fratres, filios quondam domini Amalrici...vicecomitis et domini Narbone" concerning their father´s inheritance, and names "domine Philippe matris eorum"[1983]. Her name is confirmed by the charter dated 27 Nov 1271 under which her son "Aymericus...vicecomes et dominus Narbone, filius quondam nobilis viri Amalrici...vicecomitis et domini Narbone et domine Philippe eus uxoris" granted rights. The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. m AMALRIC [I] Vicomte de Narbonne, son of AIMERY [III] Vicomte de Narbonne & his [second/third] wife [Adelaide ---/Marguerite de Marly] (-1270).

b) RAYMOND .

- BARONS de FLORAC[1984].

c) BERMOND .

- BARONS de CAILAR[1985].

d) daughter . m HUGUES de Mirabel .

e) BEATRIX . m (contract 1227) ARNAUD de Roquefeuil, son of --- (-after 5 Oct 1242).

f) SIBYLLE d'Anduze (-after 9 Jun 1279). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified, although her parentage is suggested by the agreement dated 1240 between "Raymond VII Comte de Toulouse" and "Guigues Comte du Viennois" referring to the marriage of the latter to "Cécile sa nièce, fille de Barral de Baux"[1986]. Her name is confirmed by the letter dated 4 Jun 1269 from Alphonse Comte de Poitou et de Toulouse relating to "castri de Carumbo, quod...tenet nobilis domina Sybilia, uxor quondam nobilis viri defuncti Barralli, domini Baucii"[1987]. m (before 21 Aug 1240) BARRAL Sire des Baux, son of HUGUES des Baux Vicomte de Marseille & his wife Barale Vicomtesse de Marseille (-[31 Jul/13 Oct] 1268, bur Sylvacane).

2. BERNARD [VIII] (-before 13 Sep 1223). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 9 Sep 1218 under which "Raymundus...dux Narbonæ et comes Tolosæ, marchio Provinciæ" and "Petro Bermundo domino de Salve nepoti meo, nato ex filia mea" reached agreement about "castrum...de Valserga" acquired by "patre tuo quondam Petro Bermudo genero meo et...avo tuo Bernardo de Andusia", which also names "Bernardi de Andusia patrui tui...uxore sua domina Vierna"[1988]. Seigneur de Portes, en partie d´Alais et de l´Argenterie. "B. de Andusia, filius domini B. de Andusia" swore allegiance to "D. A...dux Narbonæ, comite Tolosæ et domino Montisfortis" for "villæ de Alesto quæ fuit Petri Bermundi" by charter dated 25 Apr 1220 which names "R. Pelet compartiario meo"[1989]. His date of death is set by a charter dated 13 Sep 1223 between "nobilem virum Petrum Bernardum" and "hæredes nobili viri Bernardi de Andusia avunculi sui", stating that "D. Vierna uxorem quondam D. Bernardi de Andusia" was "tutrice liberorum suorum" and naming "D. Bernardo de Andusia avo ipsorum" and "D. Bermundo Vivariensi episcopo et D. Bernardo de Andusia monacho Mansiadæ" as two of the latter´s other children[1990]. m VIERNE, daughter of ---. Her marriage is confirmed by the charter dated 9 Sep 1218 under which "Raymundus...dux Narbonæ et comes Tolosæ, marchio Provinciæ" and "Petro Bermundo domino de Salve nepoti meo, nato ex filia mea" reached agreement about "castrum...de Valserga" acquired by "patre tuo quondam Petro Bermudo genero meo et...avo tuo Bernardo de Andusia", which also names "Bernardi de Andusia patrui tui...uxore sua domina Vierna"[1991]. A charter dated 13 Sep 1223 between "nobilem virum Petrum Bernardum" and "hæredes nobili viri Bernardi de Andusia avunculi sui" states that "D. Vierna uxorem quondam D. Bernardi de Andusia" was "tutrice liberorum suorum"[1992].

3. BERMOND . His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 13 Sep 1223 between "nobilem virum Petrum Bernardum" and "hæredes nobili viri Bernardi de Andusia avunculi sui", stating that "D. Vierna uxorem quondam D. Bernardi de Andusia" was "tutrice liberorum suorum" and naming "D. Bernardo de Andusia avo ipsorum" and "D. Bermundo Vivariensi episcopo et D. Bernardo de Andusia monacho Mansiadæ" as two of the latter´s other children[1993]. Bishop of Viviers 1222.

4. BERNARD . His parentage is confirmed by a charter dated 13 Sep 1223 between "nobilem virum Petrum Bernardum" and "hæredes nobili viri Bernardi de Andusia avunculi sui", stating that "D. Vierna uxorem quondam D. Bernardi de Andusia" was "tutrice liberorum suorum" and naming "D. Bernardo de Andusia avo ipsorum" and "D. Bermundo Vivariensi episcopo et D. Bernardo de Andusia monacho Mansiadæ" as two of the latter´s other children[1994]. Monk at Masan.

E. SEIGNEURS de POSQUIERES

RAYMOND "Decan", son of BERENGER Vicomte d´Avignon & his wife Gerberge [de Sisteron] (-after 12 Jul 1096). "Barangarius", with the consent of "uxoris meæ Gisberge et filiorum meorum…Rostagni episcopi et Berengarii, Raymundi, Willelmi, Leodegarii, Rostagni, Bertranni", donated "ecclesiam Sancte Trinitatis…in territorio Avennicensi in castro…Pons Sorgie" to Cluny by charter dated 14 Feb 1063[1995]. Deacon of Avignon. "Rostagnus, episcopus Avinionis, filius Berengarii vicecomiti" donated "sita prope castellum…Forchalcherium" by charter dated to [1065/75], signed by "Raimundus et Vilelmus, Laugerius et Berengarius fratres"[1996]. "…Decanus…" signed the charter dated 28 Jul 1094 under which "Raimundus…comes et Provincie marchio" granted tax exemptions to Marseille Saint-Victor, the same document recording that "Raimundus decanus" granted the same privilege[1997]. "Raimundus Decanus filius Berengarii et Gisbergæ" donated property "in villa de Ragnenatis" to the church of Avignon by charter dated Jan 1096, signed by "Leodeguarius frater eius, Rostagnus Berenguarius alius frater…"[1998].

m ---. The name of Raymond´s wife is not known.

Raymond [I] & his wife had two children:

1. RAYMOND Decan [II] (-Aug 1138, bur Psalmody). A bull of Pope Calixtus II dated 22 Apr 1122 ordered "Bernardo Biterrensi vicecomiti, Bernardo de Andusia, Raimundo Decano de Poscheriis" to support the abbot and monks of Saint-Gilles against Alphonse Comte de Toulouse and others[1999]. The testament of "Bernardus-Atonis vicecomes Biterrensis", dated 1129, was witnessed by "Cæcilia vicecomitissa et Raimundo Poscheriarum Decano…"[2000]. An epitaph at the church of Psalmody records the death in Aug 1138 of "Raimundus Decani dominus Posqueriarum et Ucetiæ, pater episcoporum Raimundi Vivariensis, Raimundi Ucetiensis et Alberti Nemausensis"[2001]. m ---. Raymond [II] & his wife had [five] children:

a) ROSTAING [I] de Posquières (-[1142/46]). The seigneurs d´Uzès et de Posquières are discussed in Histoire Générale de Languedoc Tome IV, according to which Rostaing de Posquières was the brother of Faydive d´Uzès, wife of Alphonse Jourdain Comte de Toulouse[2002]. This has not been verified. m (Béziers 1121) ERMESINDE de Béziers, daughter of BERNARD Vicomte de Nîmes, d´Agde et de Béziers & his wife Cécile de Provence (-before 1146). The marriage contract between “Bernardus Nemausensium et Agathensium et Biterrensium vicecomes et…Cæcilia vicecomitissa…filia nostra Ermessindi” and “Rostagno de Poscheriis” is dated 1121 and records “castrum Margaritas…[et] castrum…Calvenzing…[et] mediatem castri Belvedin” as her dowry[2003]. The charter dated 1146, under which "Ato vicecomes Nemausensis" guaranteed the succession of her son "R. de Poscheriis nepoti meo" to property granted as dowry by "pater meus…cum filia sua Ermesens" to "patri tuo R….Margaritas, Bellumvicinum, Calvuconem"[2004], suggests that Ermesinde had died by that date. Rostaing [I] & his wife had three children:

i) ROSTAING [II] de Posquières (-after 1146). "B. Ato vicecomes Nemausensis" confirmed his obligations to "R. de Poscheriis nepoti meo" which "pater meus dedit cum filia sua Ermesendi, patri tuo R....Margaritas, Bellivicinum, Calvicionem" by charter dated 1146[2005]. "Ato vicecomes Nemausensis" guaranteed the succession of "R. de Poscheriis nepoti meo" to property granted as dowry by "pater meus…cum filia sua Ermesens" to "patri tuo R….Margaritas, Bellumvicinum, Calvuconem" by charter dated 1146[2006]. Betrothed ([1141]) to, his first cousin, --- de Béziers, daughter of RAYMOND Trencavel Vicomte de Béziers & his [first] wife Adelicia --- (-[before 21 Apr 1154]). "Rostagnus de Poscherias" confirmed agreement with "Raimundo vicecomite" relating to the marriage of "filiam suum…Rostagnus" and "filiam ipsius Raimundi", and, if Rostaing died, to "filios suos Petrum…" by charter dated to [1141][2007]. This daughter is not named in her father´s will dated 21 Apr 1154 so presumably died before then, unless she was the same person as his daughter Cécile.

ii) PIERRE de Posquières (-after [1141]). "Rostagnus de Poscherias" confirmed agreement with "Raimundo vicecomite" relating to the marriage of "filiam suum…Rostagnus" and "filiam ipsius Raimundi", and, if Rostaing died, to "filios suos Petrum…" by charter dated to [1141][2008].

iii) AGNES de Posquières . m PONS Seigneur de Montlaur, son of ---.

b) BERMOND d´Uzès (-after 1174). "Bremundus dominus Uceciæ et Poscheriarum" donated property to the abbey of Bonnecombe, in the presence of "Raymundo Uceciæ filio præfati Bermundo", by charter dated 1168[2009]. Seigneur d´Uzès.

- SEIGNEURS d´UZES.

c) RAYMOND (-[1170]). His parentage is confirmed by an epitaph at the church of Psalmody which records the death in Aug 1138 of "Raimundus Decani dominus Posqueriarum et Ucetiæ, pater episcoporum Raimundi Vivariensis, Raimundi Ucetiensis et Alberti Nemausensis"[2010]. Bishop of Viviers.

d) RAYMOND (-13 Dec 1188). His parentage is confirmed by an epitaph at the church of Psalmody which records the death in Aug 1138 of "Raimundus Decani dominus Posqueriarum et Ucetiæ, pater episcoporum Raimundi Vivariensis, Raimundi Ucetiensis et Alberti Nemausensis"[2011]. Bishop of Uzès.

e) ALBERT (-[1180]). His parentage is confirmed by an epitaph at the church of Psalmody which records the death in Aug 1138 of "Raimundus Decani dominus Posqueriarum et Ucetiæ, pater episcoporum Raimundi Vivariensis, Raimundi Ucetiensis et Alberti Nemausensis"[2012]. Bishop of Nîmes.

f) [FAYDIVE [Faydide] (-after Jun 1147). She is named in a charter dated 12 Dec 1172 under which Ctss Beatrix agreed terms with "Raymond comte de Toulouse fils de Faidite" for the marriage of her daughter Ermensende and his son "Raymond fils de Constance"[2013]. Raymond Bishop of Viviers called himself "avunculus" of the Comte de Toulouse [Raymond V] in 1160 when writing to Louis VII King of France[2014]. The Histoire Générale de Languedoc identifies the bishop as the son of "Raymond Decan Seigneur d´Usez et de Posquières" and then assumes that Faydive was therefore the bishop´s sister[2015]. However, it is not impossible that the bishop used avunculus in the more general sense of a more distant relative in the preceding generation, especially when it may have been beneficial to him to claim a close family relationship with such an influential person as Raymond V Comte de Toulouse. It is not therefore without doubt that Faydive was the daughter of Raymond Seigneur d´Uzès, especially as it seems surprising that the wife of Alphonse Comte de Toulouse should not have been the member of a more illustrious family. Faydive left France with her husband in Jun 1147 on the Second Crusade[2016]. m (before 16 Sep 1125) ALPHONSE I JOURDAIN Comte de Toulouse, son RAYMOND IV Comte de Toulouse & his third wife doña Elvira Alfonso of Castille (castle of Mount Pèlerin near Tripoli 1103-Caesarea 16 Apr 1148).]

2. RAINON [I] (-1156 or after). "Raimond Decan et Raynier son frère" are named in a charter of the abbey of Psalmodi dated 1097[2017]. Seigneur d´Uzès. Seigneur de Caylar. Bernard Aton Vicomte de Béziers sold property at Caylar and Teillan to "Rainon et Guillaume Rainon" by charter dated 1141[2018]. m BEATRIX, daughter of ---. Rainon [I] & his wife had [two] children:

a) [GUILLAUME RAINON (-after 1141). Bernard Aton Vicomte de Béziers sold property at Caylar and Teillan to "Rainon et Guillaume Rainon" by charter dated 1141[2019].]

b) ROSCIE (-before 1206). The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. Dame d´Uzès. m as his second wife, ROSTAIN [II] de Sabran, son of GUILLAUME de Sabran & his wife --- (-1172 or after).

Chapter 12. OTHER TOULOUSE NOBILITY

1. ARNAUD (-after Aug 940). Vicomte. "…Domni Pontii ducis Aquitanorum et comitis Tolosani, Guarsindis uxoris eius, Hugonis comitis, Arnaudi vicecomitis, Sicardi vicecomitis, Atonis, Pontii" signed the charter dated Aug 940 under which Aimery Archbishop of Narbonne and Rodoald Bishop of Béziers donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières[2020].

2. SICARD (-after Aug 940). Vicomte. "…Domni Pontii ducis Aquitanorum et comitis Tolosani, Guarsindis uxoris eius, Hugonis comitis, Arnaudi vicecomitis, Sicardi vicecomitis, Atonis, Pontii" signed the charter dated Aug 940 under which Aimery Archbishop of Narbonne and Rodoald Bishop of Béziers donated property to Saint-Pons de Thomières[2021].

3. . The testament of "Raymundus comes" is dated 961, bequeathed property for life "alode de Brocello" to "Bernardo filio Rotgerio"; "alode de Bricio" to "Froterio episcopo"; "alode de Francitia" to "Berengarius"; "ecclesia de Sancto Marcello" to "Bernardo episcopo"; "alode de Loveziaco Sancta Cæcilia" to "Nodbertus"; "alode de Sancto Victore, Sancti Vincentii" to "Ermengaudus abbas"; "alode de Carliago" to "Rogerio filio Arnaldo"; "alode de Donadfrancio" to "Willelmo Garcianæ"; "alode de Sancti Martini de Bellocasso" to "Bosomeus"; "alode de Circiolis" to "Ugoni nepote meo" and after his death half to "Arnaldo et filio suo Siguino"; "alode de Bellopogio" to "Aymericus"; "alode de Laugiago…Fessago…Campoguidano…Valencio" to "Ademario vicecomite Tolosano"; "alode de Genebrerias" to "Raymundo et Amalvino fratre suo"; "ecclesia de Sancto Simplicio" to "Stephanus et filius suus"; "alode de…Hermo" to "Ingelberto"; "alode de Elvas" to "Jaldeberto…Grimaldo fratri suo"; "alode de Laugiaco" to "Stephano"; "ecclesia de Lobegaico" to "Galberto"[2022].

4. BERNARD (-after [972]). Vicomte. The testament of "Gersindæ comitissæ", dated to [972], bequeathed property for life "alodum meum…Cantullum" to "Bernardo vicecomiti"[2023].

5. . The testament of "Gersindæ comitissæ", dated to [972], bequeathed property for life to the following beneficiaries (few of whom can be identified): "ecclesiam…Sanctum Martialum de Greza" to "Aimerico" and after his death to "Regimundo filio eius"; "villam…Gerbuxam" to "Mironi filio Amelii" and after his death to "fratri ipsius…Matfredi"; "alodem meum…Vilarem" to "Froterio"; "alodum meum…Cantullum" to "Adraldo filio"; "castellarum…Becus…excepto convenientia Grimaldi…Bernardo filio ipsius Grimaldi" to the church of Saint-Vincent; "ecclesiam meam de Vinarcha" to "Bernardo et Dagberto filiis Dagberti"; "mansum quam tenuit Robertus" to "Regimundo filio Bernardi"; "fevum quam tenuit Rostagnus de Veharca" to "Aimardo et Bernardo filiis Bernardi"; "alium fevum quem tenuit Pontius" to "Raymundo filio Bernardi et alio Raymundo et Attoni"; "alios mansos" to "Aicfredo et fratri eius Matfredo, filiis Unigerii"; "mansum ubi Godalbertus visus est manere" to "Sicfredo" and after his death to "filio suo Rainardo"; "Campumalbum et Bragos" to "Barnardo filio Regimundo"; "mansum de Genestoso" to "Adalrico filio Pontii"; "alodem quem dedit mihi Regimundus, ecclesiam de Becia" to "Alanberganæ"; "alodum de Fraxino…medietatem" to "Arnaldo filio Bernardi"; "ecclesiam de Muscle…Sanctum Stephanum" to "Sanctioni filio Foramundi", "alium alodem" half to "Olibano" and half to "ipsi Sanctioni"; "mansum ubi mansit Andreas de Miliares" to "Gauzeleno et filio eius Umberti"[2024].

1. AIMERY (-before 13 Jun 977). Archbishop of Narbonne. A charter dated 13 Jun 977 records the execution of the testament of "quondam Aymerici sanctæ Narbonenis ecclesiæ archipresulis" by his executors "Adalaidis vicecomitissa Narbonæ, filiique mei consentientes Ermengaudus…archipræsul suus successor et Raymundus vicecomes…Udalgerius princeps frater suus et Ermengaudus qui vocatur Vassadellus et Bernardus Grammaticus, nepos archipræsuli defuncti…et Geiro…princeps, nepos præfati defuncti..", and includes donations for the souls of "Poncioni comitis defuncti sive Matfredi vicecomitis, sive Odoni vicecomitis, vel Richildis vicecomitissæ"[2025].

2. UDALGER (-after 13 Jun 977). A charter dated 13 Jun 977 records the execution of the testament of "quondam Aymerici sanctæ Narbonenis ecclesiæ archipresulis" by his executors "…Udalgerius princeps frater suus et Ermengaudus qui vocatur Vassadellus et Bernardus Grammaticus, nepos archipræsuli defuncti…et Geiro…princeps, nepos præfati defuncti.."[2026].

[1] Devic, Dom C., Dom Vaissete, Dulaurier, E. (1875) Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. (Toulouse), Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 121, col. 267.

[2] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 336.II, col. 649.

[3] Rouquette, J. (1925) Cartulaire de l'église d'Agde, Cartulaire du Chapitre, Tome I (Montpellier) ("Agde") XLII, p. 60.

[4] Devic, Dom C. & Dom Vaissete (1840-42) Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. (Toulouse), Tome V, Preuves, LXXV, p. 591.

[5] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 182, col. 369.

[6] Agde XXIII, p. 38.

[7] Agde XLII, p. 60.

[8] RHGF VIII, pp. 470-4.

[9] Sabatier, E. (1854) Histoire de la ville et des évêques de Beziers (Beziers), p. 116, quoting Catel Mémoires de Languedoc t. IV, p. 650.

[10] RHGF VIII, pp. 470-4.

[11] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 4, col. 71.

[12] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 17, col. 92, and Rouquette, J. (ed.) (1918) Cartulaire de Béziers, Vol. I, 816-1209 (Paris, Montpellier) ("Béziers") 8, p. 6.

[13] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 17, col. 92, and Béziers 8, p. 6.

[14] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 17, col. 92, and Rouquette, J. (ed.) (1918) Cartulaire de Béziers, Vol. I, 816-1209 (Paris, Montpellier) ("Béziers") 8, p. 6.

[15] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CXXXIX, p. 692, and 3rd Edn., Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 18, col. 94.

[16] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 58, col. 161.

[17] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 58, col. 161.

[18] Agde IX, p. 19.

[19] Béziers 30, p. 25.

[20] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 118, col. 260.

[21] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 118, col. 260.

[22] Agde XII, p. 23.

[23] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 118, col. 260.

[24] Agde XVII, p. 29.

[25] Béziers 39, p. 38.

[26] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 149, col. 314.

[27] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 150, col. 316.

[28] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 154.IX, col. 328.

[29] Agde XXIII, p. 38.

[30] Agde XII, p. 23.

[31] Béziers 39, p. 38.

[32] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 149, col. 314.

[33] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 150, col. 316.

[34] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 154.IX, col. 328.

[35] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 150, col. 316.

[36] Agde XXIII, p. 38.

[37] Cros-Mayrevieille (1846) Histoire du comté et de la vicomté de Carcassonne, Tome I (Paris), Documents, LI, p. 63.

[38] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 171, col. 359.

[39] Germer-Durand, E. (ed.) (1874) Cartulaire du chapitre de l´église cathédrale Notre-Dame de Nîmes (834-1156) (Nîmes) ("Nîmes Notre-Dame") CXX, p. 189.

[40] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 191, col. 388.

[41] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 199.IV, col. 403.

[42] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 222, col. 446.

[43] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 150, col. 316.

[44] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 171, col. 359.

[45] Desjardins, G. (ed.) (1879) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Conques en Rouergue (Paris) ("Conques"), no. 565, pp. 395-6.

[46] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 388, col. 734.

[47] Agde XLII, p. 60.

[48] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XIV, p. 350.

[49] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XXV, p. 360.

[50] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XXVII, p. 362.

[51] L'abbé Goiffon (ed.) (1882) Bullaire de l´abbaye de Saint-Gilles (Nîmes) ("Bullaire de Saint-Gilles") XXXIV, p. 51.

[52] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XXCVIII, p. 370, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 462, col. 865.

[53] Bullaire de Saint-Gilles XLVI, p. 65.

[54] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, LIX, p. 388.

[55] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 504, col. 957.

[56] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 356, col. 682.

[57] Magnou-Nortier, E. and Magnon, A. M. (eds.) (1996) Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de la Grasse, Tome I 779-1119 (Paris) ("Grasse") 166, p. 226.

[58] Grasse 181, p. 241.

[59] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 568.II, col. 1090.

[60] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXXXIV, p. 453.

[61] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Inscriptions, 46, p. 13.

[62] Grasse 181, p. 241.

[63] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XIV, p. 350.

[64] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XXV, p. 360.

[65] Ex Chronico Gaufredi Vosiensis, 52, RHGF XII, p. 436.

[66] Inquisitio circa comitatum Carcassonæ quomodo pervenerit ad comites Barcinonenses, RHGF XII, p. 375.

[67] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XXCVIII, p. 370, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 462, col. 865.

[68] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, LIX, p. 388.

[69] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 504, col. 957.

[70] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXXI, p. 443.

[71] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 568.II, col. 1090.

[72] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXLII, p. 460.

[73] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CVI, p. 429.

[74] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXXI, p. 443.

[75] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXLII, p. 460.

[76] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XIV, p. 350.

[77] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XXV, p. 360.

[78] Ex Chronico Gaufredi Vosiensis, 52, RHGF XII, p. 436.

[79] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XXCVIII, p. 370, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 462, col. 865.

[80] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, LIX, p. 388.

[81] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 504, col. 957.

[82] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 568.II, col. 1090.

[83] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLIV, p. 474.

[84] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CCXVI, p. 518.

[85] Ex Chronico Gaufredi Vosiensis, 63, RHGF XII, p. 440.

[86] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chroniques, Chronicon Sancti Saturnini Tolosæ, col. 50.

[87] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CXVIII, p. 678.

[88] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CXXI, p. 680.

[89] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CIV, p. 428.

[90] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 539.II, col. 1027.

[91] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CXXI, p. 680.

[92] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CL, p. 468.

[93] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLIV, p. 474.

[94] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 655, col. 1274.

[95] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 516, col. 979.

[96] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLIV, p. 474.

[97] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CCXIX, p. 519.

[98] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CL, p. 468.

[99] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLIV, p. 474.

[100] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLXXIV, p. 489.

[101] Ex Chronico Gaufredi Vosiensis, 63, RHGF XII, p. 441.

[102] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CCXXI, p. 521.

[103] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, I, p. 532.

[104] Société Archéologique de Montpellier (1841) Le petit Thalamus de Montpellier, extracts available at <http://www3.webng.com/lengadoc/talamus.htm> (23 Apr 2008).

[105] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CXXI, p. 680.

[106] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CCXXII, p. 521.

[107] Ex Chronico Gaufredi Vosiensis, 72, RHGF XII, p. 448.

[108] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXIII, p. 553.

[109] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XIV, p. 541.

[110] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, I, p. 532.

[111] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CXX, p. 679, and 3rd Edn., Tome V, Preuves, Chroniques, 7, col. 33.

[112] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXV, p. 554.

[113] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1209, MGH SS XXIII, p. 890.

[114] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CXXI, p. 680.

[115] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CXX, p. 679, and 3rd Edn., Tome V, Preuves, Chroniques, 7, col. 33.

[116] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes II, 1805, p. 93.

[117] D'Aigrefeuille, C. (1875) Histoire de la ville de Montpellier Tome I (Montpellier), p. 92.

[118] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, LVI, p. 574.

[119] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CXL, p. 645.

[120] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CXX, p. 679, and 3rd Edn., Tome V, Preuves, Chroniques, 7, col. 33.

[121] Lagarde, C. (trans.) (1864) Chronique de Maître Guillaume de Puylaurens sur la guerre des Albigeois (1202-1272) (Béziers), Chap. XXXIV, p. 177.

[122] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CXX, p. 630.

[123] Chronique de Guillaume de Puylaurens, Chap. XLII, p. 263 footnote 1.

[124] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CXLII, p. 646.

[125] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, LXV, p. 583.

[126] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, LXV, p. 583.

[127] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLIV, p. 474.

[128] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, II, p. 533.

[129] Petrus Vallis Caernaii Historia Albigensium, Patrologia Latina Vol. 213, Chap. IV, Col. 0552C.

[130] Chronique de Guillaume de Puylaurens, Chap. V, p. 20.

[131] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XVIII, p. 543.

[132] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XLIX, p. 381, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 475, col. 894.

[133] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, LIX, p. 388.

[134] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 504, col. 957.

[135] Ex Chronico Gaufredi Vosiensis, 52, RHGF XII, p. 436.

[136] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXXII, p. 445.

[137] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXXX, p. 450.

[138] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 568.II, col. 1090.

[139] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXLVIII, p. 465.

[140] Germain, A. (ed.) (1884-86) Liber instrumentorum memorialium. Cartulaire des Guillems de Montpellier (Montpellier), no. XCV, p. 177. [J.-C. Chuat]

Montpellier 1884-1886.

[141] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXXII, p. 445.

[142] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXLVIII, p. 465.

[143] Liber Montpellier, no. XCVI, p. 184. [J.-C. Chuat]

[144] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLXXVIII, p. 490.

[145] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CCXII, p. 514.

[146] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLXXVIII, p. 490.

[147] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CCXII, p. 514.

[148] Liber Montpellier, no. XCVI, p. 184. [J.-C. Chuat]

[149] Duhamel Amado, C. (2001) Genèse des lignages méridionaux. Tome I. L'aristocratie languedocienne du Xe au XIIe siècle (Toulouse : CNRS-Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail), p. 192. [J.-C. Chuat]

[150] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 543.

[151] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, IX, pp. 536-7.

[152] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, LXXV, p. 591.

[153] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, LXXV, p. 591.

[154] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 461.

[155] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 543.II, col. 1035.

[156] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXXXIV, p. 453.

[157] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, III, p. 344, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 422.I, col. 794.

[158] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, III, p. 344, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 422.II, col. 795.

[159] Duhamel Amado (2001), tome I, p. 199. [J.-C. Chuat]

[160] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 504, col. 957.

[161] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXLVIII, p. 466.

[162] Duhamel Amado (2001), tome I, esp. p. 164 and stemma p. 228. [J.-C. Chuat]

[163] Giraud, M. (1856) Essai historique sur l´abbaye de Saint-Barnard et sur la ville de Romans,1ère partie, Preuves (Lyon) Cartulaire de l´église de Saint-Barnard de Romans ("Romans (1856)"), 277, p. 214.

[164] Ripert-Monclar (ed.) (1907) Cartulaire de la commanderie de Richerenches de l´ordre du Temple (Avignon) ("Richerenches"), 30, p. 31.

[165] Romans (1856), 294, p. 223.

[166] Richerenches, 96, p. 97.

[167] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXLVIII, p. 466.

[168] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XLIX, p. 381, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 475, col. 894.

[169] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 569, col. 1092.

[170] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Notes, VI, pp. 313-5.

[171] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 504, col. 957.

[172] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXLVIII, p. 466.

[173] Duhamel-Amado (2001) Vol. 1, p. 199. [J.-C. Chuat]

[174] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 165, col. 351.

[175] CP VII 539 footnote e.

[176] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, p. 321.

[177] Deloche, M. (ed.) (1859) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Beaulieu en Limousin (Paris) ("Beaulieu"), X, p. 24.

[178] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, p. 321.

[179] L'abbé Goiffon (ed.) (1882) Bullaire de l´abbaye de Saint-Gilles (Nîmes), IV, p. 11.

[180] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CIX, p. 667, and 3rd Edn., Preuves, 201, p. 400.

[181] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 12, col. 83.

[182] Nîmes Notre-Dame VIII, p. 16.

[183] Nîmes Notre-Dame IX, p. 19.

[184] Nîmes Notre-Dame VIII, p. 16.

[185] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CLXIII, p. 709, and 3rd Edn., Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 43, col. 137.

[186] Odo Cluniacensis Abbas, De Vita Sancti Geraldi Aureliacensis Comitis, Liber II, XXVIII, Patrologia Latina, Vol. 133, col. 0685D.

[187] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome III, Liv. XI, LXXIX, p. 76.

[188] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 142.I, col. 304.

[189] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 142.II, col. 306.

[190] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 21, col. 97.

[191] Settipani, C. (2004) La Noblesse du Midi Carolingien. Etudes sur quelques grandes familles d'Aquitaine et du Languedoc du IX^e au XI^e siècles (Prosopographica et Genealogica, Oxford), p. 151.

[192] Settipani (2004), p. 158.

[193] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 43, col. 137.

[194] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 77, col. 190.

[195] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 568.II, col. 1090.

[196] Settipani (2004), p. 158.

[197] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 121, col. 267.

[198] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 568.II, col. 1090.

[199] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 568.II, col. 1090.

[200] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 100, col. 224.

[201] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 121, col. 267.

[202] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 100, col. 224.

[203] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 568.II, col. 1090.

[204] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 100, col. 224.

[205] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 185, col. 381.

[206] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 154.VIII, col. 328.

[207] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 185, col. 381.

[208] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 187, col. 383.

[209] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 191, col. 388.

[210] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 568.II, col. 1090.

[211] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 154.VIII, col. 328.

[212] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 154.VIII, col. 328.

[213] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 191, col. 388.

[214] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 203, col. 411.

[215] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 259, col. 513.

[216] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, LI, p. 63.

[217] Guérard, M. (1857) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Victor de Marseille (Paris) Tome II, Chartularium Minus, 825, p. 178.

[218] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 239, col. 478.

[219] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 259, col. 513.

[220] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, XLIII, p. 54.

[221] Agde XXXIV, p. 51.

[222] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 388, col. 734.

[223] Conques, no. 565, pp. 395-6.

[224] Grasse 154, p. 216.

[225] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 290, col. 568.

[226] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, LI, p. 63.

[227] Conques, no. 565, pp. 395-6.

[228] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 154.VIII, col. 328.

[229] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chroniques, Chronique de Nîmes, 5, col. 29.

[230] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 185, col. 381.

[231] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 203, col. 411.

[232] Marseille Saint-Victor II, Chartularium Minus, 825, p. 178.

[233] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 203, col. 411.

[234] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 568.II, col. 1090.

[235] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 290, col. 568.

[236] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, LI, p. 63.

[237] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 612.I, col. 1197.

[238] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 471.II, col. 884.

[239] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 543.III, col. 1036.

[240] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 612.I, col. 1197.

[241] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 612.I, col. 1197.

[242] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 612.II, col. 1198.

[243] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 612.I, col. 1197.

[244] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 612.II, col. 1198.

[245] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 471.II, col. 884.

[246] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 424.II, col. 798.

[247] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 424.I, col. 797.

[248] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 311.II, col. 606.

[249] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 311.II, col. 606.

[250] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 311.II, col. 606.

[251] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1194, MGH SS XXIII, p. 870.

[252] Nielen, M.-A. (ed.) (2003) Lignages d'Outremer (Paris), Marciana Ms Francese 20, CC.LXXXVII, p. 62.

[253] Merlet, L. & Moutié, A. (eds.) (1858) Cartulaire de l´abbaye de Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay (Paris) ("Notre-Dame des Vaux de Cernay"), Tome I, p. 71, footnote 1, quoting Archives du dép. d´Eure-et-Loir, fonds du grand séminaire.

[254] Depoin, J. (ed.) (1917) Recueil de chartes et documents de Saint-Martin-des-Champs (Paris) ("Paris St Martin-des-Champs") III, 579, p. 182.

[255] RHC, Historiens occidentaux II, Historia Rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum ("L'estoire de Eracles Empereur et la conqueste de la terre d'Outremer") Continuator (“WTC”) XXVIII.IV, p. 255.

[256] Shaw, M. R. B. (trans.) (1963) Joinville and Villehardouin, Chronicles of the Crusades (Penguin) (“Villehardouin”), 6, p. 54.

[257] WTC XXVIII.XII, p. 263.

[258] Mas Latrie, M. L. (ed.) (1871) Chronique d'Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier (Paris) (“Ernoul”), 32, p. 360.

[259] Petri Monachi Cœnobii Vallium Cernaii Historia Albigensium, LX, Patrologia Latina, Vol. 213, col. 0627C.

[260] Röhricht, R. (ed.) (1893) Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani (Oeniponti) (Supplement) 886b, p. 58.

[261] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Abbaye de Haute-Bruyère, p. 224.

[262] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1233, MGH SS XXIII, p. 933.

[263] Lignages d'Outremer, Marciana Ms Francese 20, CC.LXXXVII, p. 62.

[264] Ernoul 32, p. 360.

[265] Röhricht (Supplement) 886b, p. 58.

[266] Dion, A. de (ed.) (1903) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Porrois (Port-Royal), Vol. I 1201-1280 (Paris) (“Porrois (Port-Royal)”), LXXVIII, p. 94.

[267] Lignages d'Outremer, Marciana Ms Francese 20, CC.LXXXVII, p. 62.

[268] Porrois (Port-Royal) LXXVIII, p. 94.

[269] Kerrebrouck, P. Van (2000) Les Capétiens 987-1328 (Villeneuve d'Asq), p. 460.

[270] Runciman, S. (1978) A History of the Crusades (Penguin), Vol. 3, p. 222.

[271] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 230.

[272] Rüdt-Collenberg, W. H. (1963) The Rupenides, Hethumides and Lusignans, The Structure of the Armeno-Cilician Dynasties (Paris, Librairie Klincksieck), Table I, after p. 48.

[273] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 329.

[274] Runciman (1978), Vol. 3, p. 333.

[275] Lignages d'Outremer, Le Vaticanus Latinus 4789, CCC.XLIII, p. 107.

[276] Lignages d'Outremer, Marciana Ms Francese 20, CC.LXXXVI, p. 61, CC.LXXXXI, p. 66, and Le Vaticanus Latinus 4789, CCC.XLIII, p. 107.

[277] Kohler, C. (ed.) (1913) Philippe de Novare Mémoires 1218-1243 (Paris) ("Philippe de Novare"), p. 90.

[278] Lignages d'Outremer, Le Vaticanus Latinus 4789, CCC.XLIII, p. 107.

[279] Lignages d'Outremer, Marciana Ms Francese 20, CC.LXXXVII, p. 62.

[280] Lignages d'Outremer, Marciana Ms Francese 20, CC.LXXXVII, p. 62.

[281] Lignages d'Outremer, Le Vaticanus Latinus 4789, CCC.XLIII, p. 107.

[282] Merlet, L. ´Procès pour la possession du comté de Bigorre (1254-1503)´, Bibliothèque de l´Ecole des Chartes, Vol. 18, no. 1 (1857), Pièces Justificatives, VI, p. 316, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 16.

[283] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 534, col. 1694.

[284] RHGF XXI, Fragmenta Bernardi Guidonis de Ordine Prædicatorum, p. 744.

[285] RHGF XXI, Fragmenta Bernardi Guidonis de Ordine Prædicatorum, p. 744.

[286] Moutié, A. (ed.) (1862) Cartulaire de l´abbaye de Notre-Dame de la Roche au diocèse de Paris (Paris) ("Notre-Dame de la Roche"), Notes Historiques et Généalogiques sur les Seigneurs de Lévis, Pièces Justificatives, 25, p. 458.

[287] RHGF XXI, Fragmenta Bernardi Guidonis de Ordine Prædicatorum, p. 745.

[288] Bernard, A. and Bruel, A. (eds.) (1876-1903) Recueil des chartes de l'abbaye de Cluny (Paris) Tome VI, 5295, p. 719.

[289] Inventory of the State Archives of Turin (“State Archives”), volume 102, page 14.2, fascicule 1, consulted at <http://ww2.multix.it/asto/asp/inventari.asp> (14 Nov 2003).

[290] State Archives, volume 104, pages 33 and 34, fascicules 20.1 and 20.2, and La Mure, J. M. de (1675 manuscript, 1860) Histoire des ducs de Bourbon et des comtes de Forez (Paris), Tome III, Preuves, 81, p. 73.

[291] Notre-Dame de la Roche 25, p. 25.

[292] Lignages d'Outremer, Le Vaticanus Latinus 4789, CCC.XLIII, p. 107.

[293] Notre-Dame de la Roche, Notes Historiques, Pièces Justificatives, 25, p. 458.

[294] RHGF XXI, Fragmenta Bernardi Guidonis de Ordine Prædicatorum, p. 745.

[295] Donet-D´Arcq, L. (1855) Historiques et critiques sur les anciens comtes de Beaumont-sur-Oise du XI au XIII siècles (Amiens), p. 122.

[296] Notre-Dame de la Roche, Notes Historiques, Pièces Justificatives, 25, p. 458.

[297] Notre-Dame de la Roche, Notes Historiques, Pièces Justificatives, 25, p. 458.

[298] RHGF XXI, Fragmenta Bernardi Guidonis de Ordine Prædicatorum, p. 745.

[299] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Abbaye de Port-Royal, p. 640.

[300] RHGF XXI, Fragmenta Bernardi Guidonis de Ordine Prædicatorum, p. 745.

[301] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 126, col. 274.

[302] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 139, col. 301.

[303] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 142.II, col. 306.

[304] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 148, col. 312.

[305] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 215, col. 433.

[306] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 447.II, col. 837.

[307] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 447.II, col. 837.

[308] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 447.II, col. 837.

[309] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 447.II, col. 837.

[310] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXI, p. 434.

[311] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXII, p. 435.

[312] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLXXVII, p. 490.

[313] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CL, p. 468.

[314] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLXVIII, p. 486.

[315] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLXXIV, p. 489.

[316] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLXXVII, p. 490.

[317] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLXVIII, p. 486.

[318] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLXXVII, p. 490.

[319] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLXXVII, p. 490.

[320] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, II, p. 533.

[321] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Notes, X.V, p. 427.

[322] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLXXVII, p. 490.

[323] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLXXVII, p. 490.

[324] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, LVII, p. 575.

[325] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XL, p. 559.

[326] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XL, p. 559.

[327] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XL, p. 559.

[328] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XL, p. 559.

[329] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XL, p. 559.

[330] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XL, p. 559.

[331] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Notes, X.IV, p. 428, citing Archiv. du dom. de Montpellier, Lautrec, no. 14.

[332] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Notes, X.V, p. 428.

[333] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CXXI, p. 630.

[334] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Notes, X.IV, p. 428, citing Archiv. du dom. de Montpellier, Lautrec, no. 14.

[335] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, II, "Chronique tirée d´un manuscrit de MM. Sabbathier de la Bourgade, de Toulouse", p. 528.

[336] ES XIV 4.

[337] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 464.VIII, col. 1407.

[338] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Notes, X.IV, p. 428, citing Archiv. du dom. de Montpellier, Lautrec, no. 14.

[339] Molinier, A. (ed.) (1900) Correspondance administrative d'Alfonse de Poitiers (Paris) ("Alfonse de Poitou Correspondance") Tome I, 305 and 354, pp. 188 and 220.

[340] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Notes, X.IV, p. 428, citing Archiv. du dom. de Montpellier, Lautrec, no. 14.

[341] Alfonse de Poitou Correspondance Tome I, 344, p. 214.

[342] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Notes, X.IV, p. 428, citing Archiv. du dom. de Montpellier, Lautrec, no. 14.

[343] Alfonse de Poitou Correspondance Tome I, 248, p. 156.

[344] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Notes, X.IV, p. 428, citing Archiv. du dom. de Montpellier, Lautrec, no. 14.

[345] Alfonse de Poitou Correspondance Tome I, 305 and 354, pp. 188 and 220.

[346] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 464.VIII, col. 1407.

[347] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Notes, X.IV, p. 428, citing Archiv. du dom. de Montpellier, Lautrec, no. 14.

[348] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 464.VIII, col. 1407.

[349] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Notes, X.V, p. 428.

[350] Barrois, D. (2004) Jean I Comte d´Armagnac, son action et son monde (University of Lille), footnote 86, available at <http://documents.univ-lille3.fr/files/pub/www/recherche/theses/barrois-dominique/html/these_body.html>, citing Archives départementales des Pyrénées-Atlantiques, E. 237, Inventaire des archives de la maison d´Armagnac deposes dans la tour du château de Vic-Fezensac, fol. 102, no. 344.

[351] Barrois (2004), footnote 92, citing Huillard-Bréholles, M. (1866-67) Titres de la maison ducale de Bourbon (Paris), Vol. I, p. 297.

[352] Monlezun Histoire de Gascogne, Tome VI, p. 318, citing Baluze, E. (1693) Vitæ paparum avenionensium (Paris) Vol. II, pièce LXX, col. 462.

[353] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, II, "Chronique tirée d´un manuscrit de MM. Sabbathier de la Bourgade, de Toulouse", p. 529.

[354] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, II, "Chronique tirée d´un manuscrit de MM. Sabbathier de la Bourgade, de Toulouse", p. 530.

[355] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, II, "Chronique tirée d´un manuscrit de MM. Sabbathier de la Bourgade, de Toulouse", p. 530.

[356] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 605, col. 1182.

[357] Vaour Templiers, LXII, p. 48.

[358] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 605, col. 1182.

[359] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 605, col. 1182.

[360] Vaour Templiers, LIX, p. 45.

[361] Vaour Templiers, LIX, p. 45.

[362] Vaour Templiers, LXXXVII, p. 72.

[363] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes I, 476, p. 196.

[364] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes I, 476, p. 196.

[365] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes I, 476, p. 196.

[366] Odo Cluniacensis Abbas, De Vita Sancti Geraldi Aureliacensis Comitis, Liber II, XXVIII, Patrologia Latina, Vol. 133, col. 0685D.

[367] Odo Cluniacensis Abbas, De Vita Sancti Geraldi Aureliacensis Comitis, Liber II, XXVIII, Patrologia Latina, Vol. 133, col. 0685D.

[368] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome III, Liv. XI, LXXIX, p. 76.

[369] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome III, Liv. XI, LXXIX, p. 76.

[370] Odo Cluniacensis Abbas, De Vita Sancti Geraldi Aureliacensis Comitis, Liber II, XXVIII, Patrologia Latina, Vol. 133, col. 0685D.

[371] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome III, Liv. XI, LXXIX, p. 76, citing Duchesne Not. in vit. S. Geraldi, p. 34 (not yet consulted).

[372] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 111, col. 240.

[373] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 311.I, col. 604.

[374] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 311.II, col. 605.

[375] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 311.I, col. 604.

[376] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 311.II, col. 605.

[377] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 336.II, col. 649.

[378] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 402, col. 758.

[379] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 311.II, col. 606.

[380] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 311.I, col. 604.

[381] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 311.I, col. 604.

[382] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 311.I, col. 604.

[383] Bisson, T. N. (1986) The Medieval Crown of Aragon (Clarendon Press, Oxford), p. 21.

[384] Aurell, M. (1995) Les noces du comte. Mariage et pouvoir en Catalogne (785-1213) (Paris, Publications de la Sorbonne). [J.-C. Chuat]

[385] Annales Bertiniani 872, RHGF VII, p. 114.

[386] Settipani (2004), p. 70.

[387] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), p. 131 footnote, which does not cite the sources.

[388] DD Kar. 1, 217, p. 289.

[389] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), p. 145 footnote 1.

[390] Aurell (1995), p. 557. [J.-C. Chuat]

[391] Grasse 8, p. 14.

[392] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), p. 155 footnote 3.

[393] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, XLIX, p. 623, and 3rd Edn, Tome II, Preuves, 88, p. 191.

[394] Grasse 12, p. 19.

[395] Grasse 8, p. 14.

[396] Grasse 12, p. 19.

[397] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, LIII, p. 626.

[398] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, LIII, p. 626.

[399] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), p. 116.

[400] RHGF VIII, CCXXXII, p. 627.

[401] Annales Bertiniani 872, RHGF VII, p. 114.

[402] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, XCIX, p. 661.

[403] RHGF VIII, CCLXXV, p. 663.

[404] RHGF IX, XXXIX, p. 505.

[405] RHGF IX, XXXIX, p. 505.

[406] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 61, col. 166.

[407] Settipani (2004), p. 70.

[408] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome IV, Note XXII, p. 109.

[409] ES III 731.

[410] Stasser, T. 'Autour de Roger le Vieux. Stratégies matrimoniales dans le Midi medieval au Xe siècle', Annales du Midi 108 (1996), pp. 165-187, 172, cited in Settipani (2004), p. 70.

[411] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, XCIX, p. 661.

[412] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 5, col. 72.

[413] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 31, col. 113.

[414] RHGF IX, XXXIX, p. 505.

[415] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 31, col. 113.

[416] ES II 68 and III 731.

[417] Cluny Tome I, 286, p. 282.

[418] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 31, col. 113.

[419] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 89, col. 207.

[420] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 103, col. 227.

[421] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 120, col. 266.

[422] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 133.II, col. 291.

[423] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 134, col. 293.

[424] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 137.III, col. 297.

[425] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 143, col. 306.

[426] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 160, col. 340.

[427] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, XXXV, p. 42.

[428] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 170, col. 358.

[429] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 120, col. 266.

[430] Stasser, T. 'Autour de Roger le Vieux: les alliances matrimoniales des comtes de Carcassonne', Annales du Midi 108 (1996), pp. 165-187, 180.

[431] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 133.II, col. 291.

[432] Jaurgain, J. de (1898-1902) La Vasconie (Paris) Vol. II, p. 293, footnote 1, also referred to in Settipani 2004, p. 130.

[433] Stasser, T. 'Autour de Roger le Vieux: les alliances matrimoniales des comtes de Carcassonne', Annales du Midi 108 (1996), pp. 165-187, 180.

[434] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 134, col. 293.

[435] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 137.III, col. 297.

[436] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 143, col. 306.

[437] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 160, col. 340.

[438] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 170, col. 358.

[439] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 149, col. 314.

[440] Béziers 49, p. 52.

[441] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 154.IX, col. 328.

[442] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 133.II, col. 291.

[443] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, XXXV, p. 42.

[444] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 134, col. 293.

[445] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, XXXV, p. 42.

[446] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 160, col. 340.

[447] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, XXXV, p. 42.

[448] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 170, col. 358.

[449] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, XXXVI, p. 44.

[450] Cartulario Sanctæ Eulaliæ Barcinonensis, Florez. H. (1775) España Sagrada Tomo XXIX (Madrid), XIV, p. 460.

[451] Marseille Saint-Victor II, Appendix, 1044, p. 511.

[452] Udina I Abelló, A. (ed.) (2001) Els testaments dels comtes de Barcelona I dels reis de la corona de Aragó de Guifré Borrell a Joan II (Barcelona) ("Els Testaments"), 7, p. 82.

[453] Shideler, J. C. (1999) A Medieval Catalan noble family: the Montcadas 1000-1230, Chapter 1, p. 18.

[454] Bofarull y Mascaró, P. de (1836) Los Condes de Barcelona Vindicados (Barcelona) Tomo II, p. 51, citing Real Archivo, tom. 2, p. 213, de la colección del P. Rivera, sacado del lib. 1 de los Feudos, fol. 482.

[455] Bofarull y Mascaró (1836) Tomo II, p. 55, citing Real Archivo, n. 223 de la colección con data de Conde Ramon Berengario, antes en el armario de Testamentos Reales, saco S, n. 106.

[456] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 133.II, col. 291.

[457] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 134, col. 293.

[458] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 137.III, col. 297.

[459] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 160, col. 340.

[460] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, XXXV, p. 42.

[461] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 170, col. 358.

[462] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 150, col. 316.

[463] Agde XXIII, p. 38.

[464] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, LI, p. 63.

[465] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 191, col. 388.

[466] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 199.IV, col. 403.

[467] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 222, col. 446.

[468] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, L, p. 63.

[469] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 199.IV, col. 403.

[470] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 206, col. 415.

[471] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 222, col. 446.

[472] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 239, col. 478.

[473] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 239, col. 478.

[474] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 250, col. 494.

[475] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 259, col. 513.

[476] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 261, col. 516.

[477] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 463 (marked incorrectly 453).

[478] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, XLVI, p. 59.

[479] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, L, p. 63.

[480] Grasse 167, p. 227.

[481] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 239, col. 478.

[482] Agde XXXI, p. 47.

[483] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 250, col. 494.

[484] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 261, col. 516.

[485] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 266, col. 524.

[486] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 463 (marked incorrectly 453).

[487] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 268, col. 529.

[488] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, XLIV, p. 55.

[489] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 463 (marked incorrectly 453).

[490] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 239, col. 478.

[491] Histoire générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome III, pp. 359-60. [J.-C. Chuat]

[492] Stasser, T. 'La maison vicomtale de Narbonne aux Xe et XI siècles', Annales du Midi 105 (1993), p. 501. [J.-C. Chuat]

[493] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 239, col. 478.

[494] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 259, col. 513.

[495] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, XLIII, p. 54.

[496] Agde XXXIV, p. 51.

[497] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 388, col. 734.

[498] Conques, no. 565, pp. 395-6.

[499] Grasse 154, p. 216.

[500] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 239, col. 478.

[501] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 259, col. 513.

[502] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, XLVI, p. 59.

[503] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, XLVII, p. 60.

[504] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 295, col. 579.

[505] Grasse 167, p. 227.

[506] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 199.IV, col. 403.

[507] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 209, col. 425.

[508] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 229.II, col. 459.

[509] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 242, col. 483.

[510] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 242, col. 483.

[511] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 286, col. 562.

[512] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 286, col. 562.

[513] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 5, col. 72.

[514] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 111, col. 240.

[515] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 161, col. 342.

[516] Petri Monachi Cœnobii Vallium Cernaii Historia Albigensium, LIII, Patrologia Latina, Vol. 213, col. 0609D.

[517] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 383, col. 727.

[518] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 383, col. 727.

[519] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 383, col. 727.

[520] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 383, col. 727.

[521] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 383, col. 727.

[522] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 383, col. 727.

[523] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 383, col. 727.

[524] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 383, col. 727.

[525] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 383, col. 727.

[526] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 383, col. 727.

[527] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 301, col. 588.

[528] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 357, col. 683.

[529] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 391, col. 741.

[530] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 417, col. 785.

[531] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 417, col. 785.

[532] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 494, col. 941.

[533] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 554.XII, col. 1066.

[534] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 560.II, col. 1077.

[535] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 585.II, col. 1118.

[536] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes V, 56, p. 18.

[537] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 585.II, col. 1118.

[538] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 560.II, col. 1077.

[539] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 560.I, col. 1075.

[540] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 638.III, col. 1240.

[541] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 665.I, col. 1295.

[542] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes V, 44, p. 13.

[543] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 560.I, col. 1075.

[544] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 665.I, col. 1295.

[545] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 560.I, col. 1075.

[546] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 665.I, col. 1295.

[547] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 560.I, col. 1075.

[548] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 25, col. 317.

[549] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 560.I, col. 1075.

[550] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 638.III, col. 1240.

[551] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 665.I, col. 1295.

[552] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 25, col. 317.

[553] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes V, 110, p. 38.

[554] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes V, 110, p. 38.

[555] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes V, 147, p. 53.

[556] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes V, 109, p. 38.

[557] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes V, 147, p. 53.

[558] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes V, 275, p. 89.

[559] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes V, 275, p. 89.

[560] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes V, 147, p. 53.

[561] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 560.I, col. 1075.

[562] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 567.I, col. 1088.

[563] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 665.I, col. 1295.

[564] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 665.II, col. 1296.

[565] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 665.II, col. 1296.

[566] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 560.I, col. 1075.

[567] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 665.I, col. 1295.

[568] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 25, col. 317.

[569] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 25, col. 317.

[570] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 529.I, col. 1008.

[571] Petri Monachi Cœnobii Vallium Cernaii Historia Albigensium, XXXVII, Patrologia Latina, Vol. 213, col. 0585A-D.

[572] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 75, col. 412.

[573] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 75, col. 412.

[574] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 182, col. 663.

[575] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CLIX, p. 708, and 3rd Edn., Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 38, col. 138.

[576] Settipani (2004), p. 19.

[577] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CLIX, p. 708, and 3rd Edn., Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 38, col. 138.

[578] Cluny Tome I, 719, p. 672.

[579] Cluny Tome I, 729, p. 685.

[580] Cluny Tome II, 1952, p. 169.

[581] Grasse 58, p. 99.

[582] Grasse 58, p. 99.

[583] Grasse 58, p. 99.

[584] Grasse 58, p. 99.

[585] Grasse 58, p. 99.

[586] Grasse 58, p. 99.

[587] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CLIX, p. 708, and 3rd Edn., Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 38, col. 138.

[588] Mâcon Saint-Vincent 7, p. 6.

[589] Bernard (1837), p. 29, citing Cartulaire ch. 185.

[590] Bernard (1837), p. 29, citing Cartulaire ch. 356.

[591] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn, Tome II, Preuves, LXXVI, p. 643.

[592] D'Abadal, R. (1980) Els primers comtes catalans (Barcelona, 3rd ed.), p. 91. Also see Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn, Tome IV, p. 151, Stasser (1993), p. 490, and Settipani (2004), p. 18. [J.-C. Chuat]

[593] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 50, col. 147.

[594] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 55.II, col. 157.

[595] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 50, col. 147.

[596] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 55.II, col. 157.

[597] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 50, col. 147.

[598] Histoire générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Inventaire et Catalogues, V, Eglise d´Elne, LXII, col. 1510, citing Marca, c. 847.

[599] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 52, col. 151.

[600] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 98, col. 222.

[601] Junyent i Subirà (1980-96) Diplomatari de la Catedral de Vic Segles IX-X (Vic) ("Vic"), 346, p. 290.

[602] Vic, 346, p. 290.

[603] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 51, col. 150.

[604] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 52, col. 151.

[605] Vic, 346, p. 290.

[606] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 93, col. 215.

[607] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 104, col. 228.

[608] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 115, col. 255.

[609] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 93, col. 215.

[610] Vajay, S. de 'Comtesses d'origine occitane dans la Marche d'Espagne aux 10^e et 11^e siècles', Hidalguia 28 (1980), p. 756, cited in Settipani (2004), p. 63 footnote 1.

[611] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 104, col. 228.

[612] Vic, 346, p. 290.

[613] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 115, col. 255.

[614] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 117, col. 259.

[615] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 125, col. 272.

[616] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 126, col. 274.

[617] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 127, col. 280.

[618] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 130, col. 284.

[619] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 151, col. 320.

[620] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 115, col. 255.

[621] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 125, col. 272.

[622] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 126, col. 274.

[623] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 130, col. 284.

[624] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 151, col. 320.

[625] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chroniques, Chronicon ecclesiæ Sancti Pauli Narbonensis, col. 38.

[626] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 151, col. 320.

[627] Histoire générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 164, col. 349.

[628] Stasser (1993), p. 496. [J.-C. Chuat]

[629] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 164, col. 349.

[630] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 199, col. 401.

[631] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 151, col. 320.

[632] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 164, col. 349.

[633] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 164, col. 349.

[634] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 231, col. 462.

[635] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 115, col. 255.

[636] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 125, col. 272.

[637] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 126, col. 274.

[638] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 130, col. 284.

[639] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 151, col. 320.

[640] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 164, col. 349.

[641] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 115, col. 255.

[642] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 130, col. 284.

[643] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 164, col. 349.

[644] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 179, col. 372.

[645] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 180, col. 374.

[646] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 199, col. 401.

[647] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 227, col. 454.

[648] Bofarull y Mascaró (1836) Tomo II, p. 17, citing Real Archivo, colección sin fecha del Conde Ramon Berenguer n. 207, antes armario de Tarragona, saco A, n. 15.

[649] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 231, col. 462.

[650] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 278, col. 546.

[651] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 179, col. 372.

[652] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 199, col. 401.

[653] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 227, col. 454.

[654] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 278, col. 546.

[655] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 199, col. 401.

[656] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 227, col. 454.

[657] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 278, col. 546.

[658] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 287, col. 563.

[659] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 288, col. 565.

[660] Stasser (1993), pp. 489-507, 505-06. [J.-C. Chuat]

[661] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 287, col. 563.

[662] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 287, col. 563.

[663] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 287, col. 563.

[664] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 227, col. 454.

[665] Histoire générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 275, col. 540.

[666] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 278, col. 546.

[667] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 327, p. 633.

[668] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 339, col. 656.

[669] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 339, col. 656.

[670] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 341, col. 660.

[671] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 339, col. 656.

[672] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 341, col. 660.

[673] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 424.I, col. 797.

[674] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 227, col. 454.

[675] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 278, col. 546.

[676] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 339, col. 656.

[677] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 341, col. 660.

[678] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 374, col. 711.

[679] Bofarull y Mascaró (1836) Tomo II, p. 17, citing Real Archivo, colección sin fecha del Conde Ramon Berenguer n. 207, antes armario de Tarragona, saco A, n. 15.

[680] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 455.

[681] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 296, col. 581.

[682] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 339, col. 656.

[683] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 341, col. 660.

[684] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 374, col. 711.

[685] Leroux, A., Molinier, E, and Thomas, A. (1883) Documents Historiques bas-latins, provençaux et français concernant principalement La Marche et Le Limousin (Limoges) ("DHML"), Tome I, V, p. 125.

[686] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 411, col. 772.

[687] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 417, col. 785.

[688] William of Apulia, Poem on the Deeds of Robert Guiscard: Mathieu, M. (1963) Guillaume de Pouilles, La Geste de Robert Guiscard (Palermo), G. A. Loud (trans.) (“William of Apulia”), Book IV, p. 1, available at <http://www.leeds.ac.uk/history/weblearning/MedievalHistoryTextCentre/william%20ap%201.htm> (30 Dec 2002) Book IV, p. 1.

[689] Sewter, E. R. A. (trans.) (1969) Anna Comnena The Alexiad (Penguin Books), Book 1, p. 61.

[690] Els Testaments, 11, p. 92.

[691] DHML, Tome I, V, p. 125.

[692] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 411, col. 772.

[693] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 417, col. 785.

[694] Bofarull y Mascaró (1836) Tomo II, p. 128, citing Real Archivo, n. 150 de la colección del 11 Conde D. Ramon Berenguer III.

[695] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 411, col. 772.

[696] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, VII, p. 346.

[697] Els Testaments, 11, p. 92.

[698] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, LXXIX, p. 407, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 510, col. 966.

[699] Barton, S. and Fletcher, R. (trans. and eds.) The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest (Manchester U. P.), Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris I, 57, p. 188.

[700] Grasse 195, p. 257.

[701] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLIV, p. 474.

[702] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CXXI, p. 681.

[703] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, LXXIX, p. 407, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 510, col. 966.

[704] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXLVI, p. 464.

[705] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLIV, p. 474.

[706] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CCXIX, p. 519.

[707] Pálsson, H. and Edwards, P. (trans.) (1978) Orkneyinga Saga, The History of the Earls of Orkney (Penguin Books) 86, p. 165.

[708] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XVII, p. 542.

[709] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CXX, p. 679, and 3rd Edn., Tome V, Preuves, Chroniques, 7, col. 33.

[710] Société Archéologique de Montpellier (1841) Le petit Thalamus de Montpellier, extracts available at <http://www3.webng.com/lengadoc/talamus.htm> (23 Apr 2008).

[711] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chroniques, Chronicon ecclesiæ Sancti Pauli Narbonensis, col. 39.

[712] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Notes, XVI.VII, p. 338.

[713] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, LXXIX, p. 407, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 510, col. 966.

[714] Faria i Sousa, F. & Alarcon, F. A. de (eds.) (1641) Nobiliario del Conde de Barcelos Don Pedro (Madrid) ("Pedro Barcelos"), Tit. X, Lara, 10 p. 77.

[715] Garrido, Catedral de Burgos, no. 167, quoted in Sánchez de Mora, A. (2003) La nobleza castellana en la plena edad media: el linaje de Lara (ss. XI-XIII), Tesis doctoral (Sevilla), Tomo I, pp. 311 and 388, available at <http://fondosdigitales.us.es/public_thesis/271/6559.pdf> (11 Apr 2008).

[716] García Luján, J. A. (ed) (1981) Cartulario del monasterio de Santa María de Huerta (Huerta), no. 7, quoted in Sánchez de Moro (2003), Tomo I, p. 313.

[717] DHML, Tome I, V, p. 125.

[718] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 411, col. 772.

[719] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 417, col. 785.

[720] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 411, col. 772.

[721] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 417, col. 785.

[722] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 411, col. 772.

[723] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 417, col. 785.

[724] Garrido, Catedral de Burgos, no. 167, quoted in Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, pp. 311 and 388.

[725] García Luján, J. A. (ed) (1981) Cartulario del monasterio de Santa María de Huerta (Huerta), no. 16, quoted in Sánchez de Mora (2003), Tomo I, p. 315.

[726] Histoire Générale de Languedoc Tome V, Preuves, XVII, p. 542.

[727] Martin, E. (ed.) (1900) Cartulaire de la ville de Lodève (Montpellier) ("Lodève"), XXXII, p. 32.

[728] Histoire Générale de Languedoc Tome V, Preuves, XXI, p. 544.

[729] Histoire Générale de Languedoc Tome V, Preuves, XVII, p. 542.

[730] Anales Toledanos I, España Sagrada XXIII, p. 394.

[731] Marca, P. de (1640) Histoire de Béarn, p. 443, quoting "Ex chartulario Morlanensi".

[732] Salazar y Acha p. 363. The precise relationship is not known.

[733] Marca (Béarn), p. 465, quoting "Roderic. Tol. I. 5. c. 29".

[734] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XVII, p. 542.

[735] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXIX, p. 558.

[736] Dion, A. de (ed.) (1903) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Porrois (Port-Royal), Vol. I 1201-1280 (Paris) ("Porrois (Port-Royal)") CXXX, p. 131.

[737] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chroniques, Chronicon ecclesiæ Sancti Pauli Narbonensis, col. 41.

[738] Shideler (1999) Chapter 5, p. 128.

[739] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chroniques, Chronicon ecclesiæ Sancti Pauli Narbonensis, col. 40.

[740] Porrois (Port-Royal) XII, p. 36.

[741] Porrois (Port-Royal) LXII, p. 80.

[742] Porrois (Port-Royal) CCXV, p. 204.

[743] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Abbaye de Port-Royal, p. 642.

[744] The names Amalric and Aimery are distinct. "Amalric" (Amalricus in Latin, Amauri in Northern French) is the same name as the Spanish Manrique, roots amal- (a Visigothic dynastic name) and rik-. "Aimery" (Aimericus) (roots haim- and rik-) was traditionally used in the previous family of Narbonne. Don Manrique de Lara brought the name Amalric into the family de Narbonne where it soon became quite common. In view of their superficial similarity, the two names have often been mistakenly considered as interchangeable. [J.-C. Chuat]

[745] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CL, p. 657.

[746] Archives communales de Narbonne. Série AA in Inventaire des Archives communales antérieures à 1790 rédigé par Germain Mouynès. Série AA. Narbonne : Caillard 1877 (hereafter quoted as "Inv."), p. 66, and n. 1. The full text of some documents is available in a second volume hereafter quoted as 'Annexes'. [J.-C. Chuat]

[747] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CLXIX, p. 673.

[748] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CLXIX, p. 674.

[749] Porrois (Port-Royal) CXXX, p. 131.

[750] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CLXIX, p. 673.

[751] Porrois (Port-Royal) CCXV, p. 204.

[752] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CL, p. 657.

[753] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CLXIX, p. 673.

[754] Archives communales de Narbonne. Série AA in Inventaire des Archives communales antérieures à 1790 rédigé par Germain Mouynès. Série AA. Narbonne : Caillard 1877 (hereafter quoted as "Inv."), p. 66, and n. 1. The full text of some documents is available in a second volume hereafter quoted as 'Annexes'. [J.-C. Chuat]

[755] Arch. municip. Narbonne, AA 109, f° 15v . Inv. p. 32. Annexes, no. XX. [J.-C. Chuat]

[756] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 542, col. 1728.

[757] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 542, col. 1728.

[758] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 542, col. 1728.

[759] Buchon, J. A. (trans.) (1827) Chronique de Ramon Muntaner (Paris), Tome I, XXIII, p. 69.

[760] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 542, col. 1728.

[761] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 542, col. 1728.

[762] Arch. dép. Aude, AA 111. The Inventaire gives no citation for the document in question. [J.-C. Chuat]

[763] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 535, col. 1695.

[764] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 535, col. 1695.

[765] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 535, col. 1695.

[766] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 383, col. 727.

[767] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 457, col. 855.

[768] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 457, col. 855.

[769] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 457, col. 855.

[770] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 656.II, col. 1278.

[771] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 655, col. 1274.

[772] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 656.II, col. 1278.

[773] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 655, col. 1274.

[774] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 75, col. 412.

[775] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 75, col. 412.

[776] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 75, col. 412.

[777] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 269, col. 877.

[778] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 269, col. 877.

[779] Jaurgain, J. de (1902) La Vasconie, étude historique et critique, deuxième partie (Pau), Introduction, IV, p. xvii.

[780] Jaurgain (1902), pp. 285-8.

[781] Jaurgain (1902), Introduction, IV, p. xvii.

[782] Higounet, C. (1949) Le comté de Comminges de ses origines à son annexion à la Couronne (Toulouse), p. 25 footnote 1. [J.-C. Chuat]

[783] Jaurgain (1898), p. 163.

[784] Jaurgain (1902), p. 288, quoting "préambule d´une charte de Lézat de 1105 ou environ".

[785] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 320, col. 620, and Jaurgain (1902), p. 287.

[786] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 320, col. 620, and Jaurgain (1902), p. 287.

[787] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 320, col. 620, and Jaurgain (1902), p. 287.

[788] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 320, col. 620, and Jaurgain (1902), p. 287.

[789] Jaurgain (1902), p. 288.

[790] Settipani (2004), p. 67.

[791] Cartulaire noir de Sainte-Marie d'Auch, ed. Cyprien Lacave Laplagne Barris, Archives historiques de la Gascogne, III (Auch, 1899), n^o. 47, quoted in Settipani (2004), p. 67 footnote 2.

[792] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 79, col. 194.

[793] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 89, col. 207.

[794] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 79, col. 194.

[795] ES III 731.

[796] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome IV, p. 109, cited in Settipani (2004), p. 70.

[797] ES III 731.

[798] Stasser, T. 'Autour de Roger le Vieux. Stratégies matrimoniales dans le Midi medieval au Xe siècle', Annales du Midi 108 (1996), pp. 165-187, 172, cited in Settipani (2004), p. 70.

[799] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 89, col. 207.

[800] Ourliac, P. and Magnou, A.-M. (eds) (1984-7) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Lézat 2 vols. (Paris), n^o. 103, col. 233, quoted in Settipani (2004), p. 68 footnote 4.

[801] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 103, col. 227.

[802] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 106, col. 232.

[803] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 89, col. 207.

[804] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 89, col. 207.

[805] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 106, col. 232.

[806] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 170, col. 358.

[807] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 106, col. 232.

[808] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 133.III, col. 292.

[809] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 154.VI, col. 328.

[810] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 133.III, col. 292.

[811] Ourliac, P. and Magnou, A.-M. (eds) (1984-7) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Lézat 2 vols. (Paris), n^o. 907, quoted in Settipani (2004), p. 68 footnote 4.

[812] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 89, col. 207.

[813] Grasse 51, p. 85.

[814] Grasse 51, p. 85.

[815] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 248.I, col. 493.

[816] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 297, col. 583.

[817] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 340, col. 658.

[818] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXI, p. 551.

[819] Higounet (1949), p. 31 footnote 38, citing Gallia Christiana I, instr., pp. 185-186: "Idem quoque comes apud S. Gandentium vulnere confossus…". [J.-C. Chuat]

[820] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CVI, p. 429.

[821] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CVI, p. 429.

[822] Cited in Jaurgain (1902), Tome II, p. 309-310 and in Higounet (1949), p. 32, n. 40. [J.-C. Chuat]

[823] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CVI, p. 429.

[824] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CVI, p. 429.

[825] ES X 72-76.

[826] Cazauran, Abbé (ed.) (1905) Cartulaire de Berdoues (Paris) ("Berdoues"), 594, p. 405.

[827] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CVI, p. 429.

[828] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXXI, p. 443.

[829] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXLII, p. 460.

[830] Berdoues, 594, p. 405.

[831] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 340, col. 658.

[832] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 340, col. 658.

[833] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXI, p. 551.

[834] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXI, p. 551.

[835] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXI, p. 551.

[836] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXI, p. 551.

[837] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 248.I, col. 493.

[838] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CVI, p. 429.

[839] Berdoues, 593, p. 404.

[840] Berdoues, 594, p. 405.

[841] Montsaunès, no. 2, p. 2.

[842] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XIII, p. 540.

[843] La Grande Charte de Saint-Gaudens, p. 14, 1202, quoted in Higounet (1949), I, p. 71, n. 7. [J.-C. Chuat]

[844] Anselme II, p. 160.

[845] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXI, p. 551.

[846] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, LXIV, p. 582.

[847] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes II, 2875, p. 432.

[848] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXI, p. 551.

[849] Montsaunès, no. 2, p. 2.

[850] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XIII, p. 540.

[851] La Grande Charte de Saint-Gaudens, p. 14, 1202. Quoted in Higounet (1949), I, p. 71, n. 7. [J.-C. Chuat]

[852] Arch. dép. Gers, I 536, quoted in Higounet (1949) I, p. 70. [J.-C. Chuat]

[853] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XIII, p. 540.

[854] Abbé Clergeac (ed.) (1905) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Gimont, Archives Historiques de la Gascogne, 2e série, fascicule IX (Paris, Auch) ("Gimont"), CXXXVIII, p. 452.

[855] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome II, Preuves, CXX, p. 679, and 3rd Edn., Tome V, Preuves, Chroniques, 7, col. 35.

[856] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chroniques, Chronicon Sancti Saturnini Tolosæ, col. 52.

[857] Stubbs, W. (ed.) (1868) Chronica, Magistri Rogeri de Houedene (London) (“Roger of Hoveden”), Vol. II, p. 117.

[858] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXI, p. 551.

[859] Liber Montpellier, CCIV, p. 349 [J.-C. Chuat] and Spicilegium, Tome III, p. 558.

[860] Baumel, J. (1980) Histoire d'une seigneurie du Midi de la France. Naisance de Montpellier (985-1213) (Montpellier, Causse), p. 231 ff. [J.-C. Chuat]

[861] Germain, A. (ed.) (1884) Liber Instrumentorum Memorialum, cartulaire des Guillems de Montpellier (Montpellier) ("Montpellier Guillems"), Fascicule I, XXXVII, p. 67.

[862] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1213, MGH SS XXIII, p. 898.

[863] Arch. dép. Haute-Garonne, B, Eaux et Forêts, Comminges X 37 (Feb 1208), mentioned in Higounet (1949) I, p. 108, n. 1. [J.-C. Chuat]

[864] Liber Montpellier, CCIV, p. 349 [J.-C. Chuat] and Spicilegium, Tome III, p. 558.

[865] According to Oihénart and de Jaurgauin. Higounet (1949) I, p. 108, n. 1 thinks these authors misinterpretated the only source mentioning her. [J.-C. Chuat]

[866] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 577.

[867] Chronique de Guillaume de Puylaurens, Chap. XI, p. 45.

[868] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 577.

[869] Chronique de Guillaume de Puylaurens, Chap. XI, p. 45.

[870] Liber Montpellier, CCIV, p. 349 [J.-C. Chuat] and Spicilegium, Tome III, p. 558.

[871] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes II, 1946, p. 135.

[872] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes II, 2875, p. 432.

[873] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, IV, "Chronique tirée d´un ancien manuscrit de l´Abbaye de Berdoüez, au diocèse d´Auch", p. 531.

[874] Chronique de Guillaume de Puylaurens, Chap. XLV, p. 281.

[875] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Notes, XV.II, p. 435, quoting "Marca Bearn n. 7".

[876] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CXVIII, p. 627.

[877] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, 378, col. 1165.

[878] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Inventaire et Catalogues, XI, Lézat, CCCCLXIV, col. 1799.

[879] Higounet (1949) I, p. 131, footnote 104. [J.-C. Chuat]

[880] RHGF XXI, Fragmenta Bernardi Guidonis de Ordine Prædicatorum, p. 753.

[881] Quoted by Barrois (2004) Jean I Comte d´Armagnac, son action et son monde (University of Lille), Appendice, pièce IV, available at <http://documents.univ-lille3.fr/files/pub/www/recherche/theses/barrois-dominique/html/these_body.html>, citing Bibliothèque nationale, collection Doat 184 fol. 296-337 (consulted 22 Jun 2008).

[882] Regesta Clementis papae V, ed. Bénédictins, no. 9049, cited in Higounet (1949) I, p. 131, n. 107. [J.-C. Chuat]

[883] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 722.

[884] Moutié, A. (ed.) (1862) Cartulaire de l´abbaye de Notre-Dame de la Roche au diocèse de Paris (Paris) ("Notre-Dame de la Roche"), Notes Historiques et Généalogiques sur les Seigneurs de Lévis, Pièces Justificatives, 25, p. 458.

[885] Baluze, S. (1717) Historiæ Tutelensis Libri tres (Paris), Appendix Actorum Veterum, col. 605.

[886] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome VII, Preuves, XXX, p. 461.

[887] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 1407.

[888] ES III 766.

[889] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome VII, Preuves, XXX, p. 461.

[890] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, II, "Chronique tirée d´un manuscrit de MM. Sabbathier de la Bourgade, de Toulouse", p. 529.

[891] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome VII, Preuves, XXX, p. 461.

[892] RHGF XXI, Fragmenta Bernardi Guidonis de Ordine Prædicatorum, p. 754.

[893] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XVI, RIS XVI, col. 422.

[894] Brutails, J. A. (ed.) (1890) Documents des Archives de la Chambre des Comtes de Navarre (1196-1384) (Paris) XXXVI, p. 44.

[895] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome VII, Preuves, XXXVII, p. 471.

[896] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 134, col. 293.

[897] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 137.III, col. 297.

[898] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 160, col. 340.

[899] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, XXXV, p. 42.

[900] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 170, col. 358.

[901] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, XXXVIII, p. 48.

[902] Pasquier, F. & Courteault, H. (eds.) (1895) Chroniques romanes des comtes de Foix composées au XV siècle par Arnaud Esquerrier et Miégeville (Foix, Toulouse) ("Esquerrier"), p. 13.

[903] Cros-Mayrevieille Tome I (1846), Documents, XXXVII, p. 46.

[904] Cros-Mayrevieille (1846), Tome I (Paris), Documents, XXXVIII, p. 48.

[905] Cluny Tome IV, 2991, p. 189.

[906] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 261, col. 516.

[907] Cluny Tome IV, 2991, p. 189.

[908] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 257, col. 510.

[909] Cluny Tome IV, 2991, p. 189, footnote 3.

[910] Esquerrier, p. 15.

[911] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 291, col. 570.

[912] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 312.I, col. 607.

[913] Grasse 110, p. 161.

[914] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 291, col. 570.

[915] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 301, col. 588.

[916] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 312.I, col. 607.

[917] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 312.II, col. 608.

[918] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 388, col. 734.

[919] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, X, p. 348, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 431, col. 806.

[920] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XLVIII, p. 380, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 476.II, col. 897.

[921] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 312.I, col. 607.

[922] Cluny Tome IV, 3480, p. 589, and IV.3500, p. 614.

[923] Trunus: a nickname derived from Catalan tronar, "to thunder". [J.-C. Chuat]

[924] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, LXXIII, p. 403.

[925] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, X, p. 348, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 431, col. 806.

[926] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XLVIII, p. 380, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 476.II, col. 897.

[927] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XLVIII, p. 380, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 476.II, col. 897.

[928] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, LXI, p. 391, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 490, col. 926.

[929] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, LXI, p. 391, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 490, col. 926.

[930] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 361, col. 690.

[931] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 361, col. 690.

[932] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 361, col. 690.

[933] Ximénez de Embún y Val, T. (ed.) (1876) Historia de la Corona de Aragón: Crónica de San Juan de la Peña: Part aragonesa, available at Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes <http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/FichaObra.html?Ref=12477> (3 Aug 2007) XVI, p. 45.

[934] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 207.VI, col. 422.

[935] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Contribution à l'histoire de l'attitude des royaumes pirénéens dans la querelle des investitures: de l'origine de Berthe, reine d'Aragon et de Navarre', Estudios Genealógicos, Heráldicos y Nobiliarios, en honor de Vicente de Cadenas y Vicent (Hidalguía, Madrid, 1978), Vol. 2, pp. 375-402, 396.

[936] Ubieto Arteta, A. (ed.) (1966) Cartulario de Santa Cruz de la Serós (Valencia) 6, p. 18.

[937] Gaztambide, J. G. (ed.) (1997) Colección diplomatica de la catedral de Pamplona, Tome I 829-1243 (Gobierno de Navarra) 13, p. 37.

[938] Marca (Béarn), p. 709.

[939] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome IV, p. 117, citing Marca (Béarn), p. 709.

[940] Salazar y Acha, J. ´Reflexiones sobre la posible historicidad de un episodio de la Crónica Najerense´, Principe de Viana, Anejo no. 14, 1992, p. 154.

[941] Ubieto Arteta, A. (ed.) Cartulario de San Juan de la Peña (Valencia), II, 72, pp. 21-29, cited in Salazar y Acha ´Reflexiones sobre…´, p. 154.

[942] Rodríguez, R. (ed.) Catálogo de Documentos del Monasterio de Santa María de Otero de las Dueñas, 191, p. 60, quoted in Salazar y Acha ´Reflexiones sobre…´, pp. 152 and 153.

[943] Ubieto Arteta, A. (ed.) (1988) Crónica Najerense (Zaragoza, Textos Medievales 15), p. 110, quoted in Salazar y Acha ´Reflexiones sobre…´, p. 150.

[944] Cantera Montenegro, M. (ed.) (1991) Colección documental de Santa María la Real de Nájera, Tomo I (Siglos X-XIV), Fuentes documentales medievales del País Vasco (San Sebastián) 18, p. 34.

[945] Ubieto Arteta, A. (ed.) (1981) Cartulario de Albelda (Zaragoza) 35, p. 46.

[946] Cluny Tome IV, 3343, p. 431.

[947] Albelda 40, p. 59.

[948] Salazar y Acha, J. ´Reflexiones sobre la posible historicidad de un episodio de la Crónica Najerense´, Principe de Viana, Anejo no. 14, 1992, pp. 149-56.

[949] Ubieto Arteta, A. (ed.) (1988) Crónica Najerense (Zaragoza, Textos Medievales 15), p. 110, quoted in Salazar y Acha ´Reflexiones sobre…´, p. 150.

[950] Salazar y Acha, J. ´Reflexiones sobre la posible historicidad de un episodio de la Crónica Najerense´, Principe de Viana, Anejo no. 14, 1992, p. 154.

[951] Rodríguez, R. (ed.) Catálogo de Documentos del Monasterio de Santa María de Otero de las Dueñas, 191, p. 60, quoted in Salazar y Acha ´Reflexiones sobre…´, pp. 152 and 153.

[952] Nájera Santa María 18, p. 34.

[953] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, X, p. 348, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 431, col. 806.

[954] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, XLVIII, p. 380, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 476.II, col. 897.

[955] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, LXI, p. 391, and 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 490, col. 926.

[956] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, LXXIII, p. 403.

[957] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 533, col. 1020.

[958] Els Testaments, 11, p. 92.

[959] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXXXVIII, p. 457.

[960] Histoire Générale de Languedoc Tome IV, Preuves, XCVIII, p. 425.

[961] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, LXXXV, p. 412.

[962] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXXXVIII, p. 457.

[963] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes V, 70, p. 24.

[964] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLXXXIII, p. 493.

[965] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CCXIX, p. 519.

[966] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CLXXXIII, p. 493.

[967] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes V, 70, p. 24.

[968] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXIII, p. 552.

[969] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome IV, Preuves, CXCVI, p. 503.

[970] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXIII, p. 552.

[971] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXIV, p. 554.

[972] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXIII, p. 553.

[973] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, 373.III, col. 1147. See also Palauqui, L. (1911) Esclarmonde de Foix (Foix). Vidal, J.-M. (1911/2001) Esclarmonde de Foix dans l'histoire et le roman (Toulouse/Nîmes). [J.-C. Chuat]

[974] Chronique de Guillaume de Puylaurens, Chap. VIII, p. 33.

[975] Ex Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium, RHGF XII, p. 377.

[976] Altisent, A. (ed.) (1993) Diplomatari de Santa Maria de Poblet Vol. I 960-1177 (Barcelona) ("Santa Maria de Poblet") 201, p. 170.

[977] Santa Maria de Poblet 377, p. 286.

[978] Bofarull y Mascaró (1836) Tomo II, p. 196, citing Real Archivo, n. 105 de la colección de D. Alfonso.

[979] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXXIII, p. 552.

[980] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XXI, p. 544.

[981] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XVII, p. 542.

[982] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XCV, p. 606.

[983] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Notes, XV.II, p. 435, quoting "Marca Bearn n. 7".

[984] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Notes, XV.I, p. 435.

[985] Chronique de Guillaume de Puylaurens, Chap. XXXIV, p. 174.

[986] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chroniques, Chronicon Sancti Saturnini Tolosæ, col. 52.

[987] Esquerrier, p. 21.

[988] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Notes, XV.II, p. 435, quoting "Marca Bearn n. 7".

[989] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, XCV, p. 606.

[990] Chronique de Guillaume de Puylaurens, Chap. XLIV, p. 277.

[991] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes V, 142, p. 50.

[992] Arch. dép. Pyrénées-Atlantiques, E. 395. [J.-C. Chuat]

[993] Baudon de Mony, C. (1896) Relations politiques des comtes de Foix avec la Catalogne jusqu´au commencement du XIV siècle (Paris), Tome II, 31, p. 58.

[994] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CLIX, p. 664.

[995] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CLXIX, p. 673.

[996] Arch. dép. Pyrénées-Atlantiques, E. 395. [J.-C. Chuat]

[997] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CLIX, p. 664.

[998] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CLXIX, p. 673.

[999] Crónica de San Juan de la Peña XXXV, p. 150.

[1000] RHGF XIX, Ex gestis comitum Barcinonensium, XXV, p. 233.

[1001] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Notes, XV.II, p. 435, quoting "Marca Bearn n. 7".

[1002] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Notes, XV.II, p. 435, quoting "Marca Bearn n. 7".

[1003] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CXVIII, p. 627.

[1004] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CLXIX, p. 674.

[1005] Arch. dép. Pyrénées-Atlantiques, E. 395. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1006] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CLIX, p. 664.

[1007] Layettes du Trésor des Chartes II, 2921, p. 451.

[1008] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, CLXIX, p. 673.

[1009] Esquerrier, p. 29.

[1010] Arch. nat. Fr., J. 879, no. 61. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1011] Arch. dép. Pyrénées-Atl., E 397, no. 8 [J.-C. Chuat]

[1012] Arch. nat. Fr., J. 879, no. 68. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1013] Veterum Scriptorum I, col. 1313.

[1014] Merlet ´Procès´, Pièces Justificatives, XIV, p. 322, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 36.

[1015] Esquerrier, p. 42.

[1016] RHGF XXI, Fragmenta Bernardi Guidonis de Ordine Prædicatorum, p. 745.

[1017] Coll. Périgord, Vol. 54. fol. 51, and Coll. Doat, Vol. 176, fol. 254.

[1018] Esquerrier, p. 42.

[1019] Coll. Périgord, Vol. 54, fol. 254, citing Arch. Vatica., Reg. Joh. XXII, Secr. an. ix.x., tome V, fol. III, n^o. ep. 29. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1020] Esquerrier, pp. 40 and 42.

[1021] Ramon Muntaner, Tome I, XXIII, p. 69.

[1022] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 542, col. 1728.

[1023] Ramon Muntaner, Tome I, XI, p. 35.

[1024] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 680.

[1025] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 681.

[1026] Esquerrier, pp. 40 and 42.

[1027] Merlet ´Procès´, Pièces Justificatives, XIV, p. 322, quoting Cartulaire de Bigorre, ch. 36.

[1028] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 724.

[1029] RHGF XX, Chronicon Guillelmi de Nangiaco, p. 581.

[1030] Archives départementales des Basses-Pyrénées, E 293. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1031] Arch. nat. Fr., JJ 38, no. 87, fo. 48-49. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1032] 24 Mar 1349/1350 à Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 16 and copy at Bibliothèque nat. Fr., Dép. Manuscrits, Provinces, Languedoc, Collection Doat, 190, f° 193. †1350 Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1033] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome X (Preuves), col. 573-200. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1034] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome VII, Preuves, X, p. 445.

[1035] Michelet, J, (1971) Histoire de France (ed. Viallaneix, Flammarion), V, p. 172. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1036] Esquerrier, p. 44.

[1037] Esquerrier, p. 44.

[1038] Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 9 (a & b). 5 Jul 1329, before a public notary. Copy at Bibl. nat. Fr., Dép. Man., Coll. Doat, vol. 184, fo. 284. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1039] 24 Mar 1349/1350 à Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 16 and copy at Bibliothèque nat. Fr., Dép. Manuscrits, Provinces, Languedoc, Collection Doat, 190, f° 193. †1350 Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). [J.-C. Chuat].

[1040] 24 Mar 1349/1350 à Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 16 and copy at Bibliothèque nat. Fr., Dép. Manuscrits, Provinces, Languedoc, Collection Doat, 190, f° 193. †1350 Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1041] Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 18. Copy of 25 Oct 1351. Also in Bibl. nat. Fr., D. Man., Coll. Doat, vol. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1042] Bibl. nat. Fr., D. Man., Coll. Doat, vol. 191, fo. 49. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1043] Bibl. nat. Fr., Dép. Man., Coll. Doat, tome 191, f° 195. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1044] 24 Mar 1349/1350 à Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 16 and copy at Bibliothèque nat. Fr., Dép. Manuscrits, Provinces, Languedoc, Collection Doat, 190, f° 193. †1350 Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1045] Bibl. nat. Fr., Dép. Man., Coll. Doat, tome 191, f° 195. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1046] Bibliothèque nationale de France, Dép.des Manuscrits, Collection Doat, tome 191, f° 199. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1047] Bibl. nat. Fr., Dép. Man., Coll. Doat, tome 192, fo. 312. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1048] Archives départementales des Pyrénées-Atlantiques at Pau (AD 64), E 405, no. 20 (undated, dated to 1346-1350). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1049] 24 Mar 1349/1350 à Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 16 and copy at Bibliothèque nat. Fr., Dép. Manuscrits, Provinces, Languedoc, Collection Doat, 190, f° 193. †1350 Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1050] Esquerrier, p. 64.

[1051] Bibl. nat. Fr., Dép. Man., Coll. Doat, tome 192, fo. 312. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1052] Arch. nat. Fr., J. 878, II, no.3 (17th century copy). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1053] Esquerrier, p. 63.

[1054] Esquerrier, p. 63.

[1055] 24 Mar 1349/1350 à Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 16 and copy at Bibliothèque nat. Fr., Dép. Manuscrits, Provinces, Languedoc, Collection Doat, 190, f° 193. †1350 Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1056] 24 Mar 1349/1350 à Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 16 and copy at Bibliothèque nat. Fr., Dép. Manuscrits, Provinces, Languedoc, Collection Doat, 190, f° 193. †1350 Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1057] 24 Mar 1349/1350 à Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 16 and copy at Bibliothèque nat. Fr., Dép. Manuscrits, Provinces, Languedoc, Collection Doat, 190, f° 193. †1350 Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1058] 24 Mar 1349/1350 à Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 16 and copy at Bibliothèque nat. Fr., Dép. Manuscrits, Provinces, Languedoc, Collection Doat, 190, f° 193. †1350 Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1059] Bibl. nat. Fr., Dép. Man., Coll. Doat, tome 192, fo. 312. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1060] 24 Mar 1349/1350 à Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 16 and copy at Bibliothèque nat. Fr., Dép. Manuscrits, Provinces, Languedoc, Collection Doat, 190, f° 193. †1350 Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1061] Bibl. nat. Fr., Dép. Man., Coll. Doat, tome 192, fo. 312. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1062] 24 Mar 1349/1350 à Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 16 and copy at Bibliothèque nat. Fr., Dép. Manuscrits, Provinces, Languedoc, Collection Doat, 190, f° 193. †1350 Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1063] Esquerrier, p. 44.

[1064] Esquerrier, p. 44.

[1065] RHGF XXI, E floribus chronicorum auctore Bernardo Guidonis, p. 724.

[1066] Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 9 (a & b). 5 Jul 1329, before a public notary. Copy at Bibl. nat. Fr., Dép. Man., Coll. Doat, vol. 184, fo. 284. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1067] Archives départementales des Pyrénées-Atlantiques at Pau (AD 64), E 298. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1068] 24 Mar 1349/1350 à Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). Arch. nat. Fr., J. 880, no. 16 and copy at Bibliothèque nat. Fr., Dép. Manuscrits, Provinces, Languedoc, Collection Doat, 190, f° 193. †1350 Orthez (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1069] Brutails, J. A. (ed.) (1890) Documents des Archives de la Chambre des Comtes de Navarre (1196-1384) (Paris) XXXVI, p. 44.

[1070] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome VII, Preuves, XXXVII, p. 471.

[1071] Archives départementales des Pyrénées-Atlantiques at Pau (AD 64), E 298. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1072] Esquerrier, p. 51.

[1073] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome VII, Preuves, XXXVII, p. 471.

[1074] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome VII, Preuves, XCI, p. 573.

[1075] Brutails, J. A. (ed.) (1890) Documents des Archives de la Chambre des Comtes de Navarre (1196-1384) (Paris) XXXVI, p. 44.

[1076] Esquerrier, p. 51.

[1077] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome VII, Preuves, XCI, p. 573.

[1078] Pauphilet (ed.) (1952) Froissart, Chroniques (Paris, Gallimard, Coll. La Pléiade), p. 529. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1079] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome VII, Preuves, XCI, p. 573.

[1080] Esquerrier, p. 61.

[1081] Osio, L. (ed.) (1864) Documenti Diplomatici tratti dagli archivii Milanesi (Milan) ("Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi"), Vol. I, CLXIV, p. 227.

[1082] Pauphilet (ed.) (1952) Froissart, Chroniques (Paris, Gallimard, Coll. La Pléiade), p. 519. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1083] Pauphilet (ed.) (1952) Froissart, Chroniques (Paris, Gallimard, Coll. La Pléiade), p. 519. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1084] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Chartreux de Vauvert, p. 697.

[1085] RAH, Colección Salazar y Castro, M-20, fo 171 y 171 v (no. 49315).

[1086] RAH, Colección Salazar y Castro, M-20, fo 171 y 171 v (no. 49315).

[1087] Archives départementales des Pyrénées-Atlantiques at Pau (AD 64), E 298. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1088] Archives départementales des Pyrénées-Atlantiques at Pau (AD 64), E 298. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1089] Archives départementales des Hautes-Pyrénées (AD 65 at Tarbes, Glanages ou Preuves by LARCHER, formerly in the Archives communales de Tarbes, tome 21, p. 390: "Castelnau no. 274. Extrait des Titres de Castelnau fait le 17 septembre 1619 pour envoyer à messire Jaques de Castille, chevalier de l'Ordre du Roy, pour montrer la grandeur et ancienneté de sa maison". See also Massié, J. F. 'A l'ombre de Fébus: Arnaud-Guilhem de Béarn, Seigneur de Morlanne (vers 1330-vers 1397)' Annales du Midi 98 (1986), pp. 469-83. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1090] Pauphilet (ed.) (1952) Froissart, Chroniques (Paris, Gallimard, Coll. La Pléiade), p. 539. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1091] Pauphilet (ed.) (1952) Froissart, Chroniques (Paris, Gallimard, Coll. La Pléiade), p. 542. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1092] Pauphilet (ed.) (1952) Froissart, Chroniques (Paris, Gallimard, Coll. La Pléiade), p. 542. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1093] Doublet, G. (1897) Histoire de la maison de Foix-Rabat (Typographie Gadrat Aîné 1877-1908, [Bibliothèque nationale de France: L3m 2442; Bibliothèque Mazarine: 33.446], Extrait du Bulletin de la Société ariégeoise des Sciences, Lettres et Arts, 1897, 12 fascicules). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1094] J.-C. Chuat.

[1095] Doublet (1897), pp. 2-7. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1096] After the Albigensian crusades, the Lévis were installed as Seigneurs de Mirepoix. In 1222, Raimond-Roger Comte de Foix took Mirepoix and returned the castle to some of its former lords. Among these were Loup de Foix and Raimond-Sanche de Rabat. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1097] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 410, col. 1250.

[1098] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 410, col. 1250.

[1099] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome VII, Preuves, XXXVII, p. 471.

[1100] Arch. dép. Haute-Garonne (AD 31), E. 118. Copy 17th. Doublet 1897 p. 11 ff. This copy is most likely inaccurate concerning some person or place names. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1101] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, II, "Chronique tirée d´un manuscrit de MM. Sabbathier de la Bourgade, de Toulouse", p. 530.

[1102] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, II, "Chronique tirée d´un manuscrit de MM. Sabbathier de la Bourgade, de Toulouse", p. 530.

[1103] Archives départementales des Pyrénées Atlantiques (AD64) at Pau, E 423, Foix et Béarn, "Testament de Archambaud de Greili et Isabelle contesse de Foix 1402, N° 18". [J.-C. Chuat]

[1104] Esquerrier, p. 64.

[1105] Arch. nat. Fr., J. 878, II, no.3 (17th century copy). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1106] Archives départementales des Pyrénées-Atlantiques at Pau, E 434 dated 2 Jan 1426, in Gascon. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1107] Esquerrier, p. 65.

[1108] Arch. nat. Fr., J 880, no. 27. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1109] Arch. Nat. Fr., J. 878, II, no. 5. (17th century copy). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1110] Arch. nat. Fr., J. 893, no. 17 (lieutenant du roi en Languedoc), and no. 18 (acknowledgment for Lautrec). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1111] Tucoo-Chala, P. and Desplat, C. (1980) Principatus Benearnia, La principauté de Béarn (Pau, Soc. Nouv. d'Editions régionales), p. 88 and p. 90. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1112] Archives départementales des Pyrénées Atlantiques at Pau (AD 64), E 320. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1113] Esquerrier, p. 69.

[1114] Dubois, J. (ed.) ´Inventaire des titres de la maison d´Albret´, Recueil des travaux de la Société d´agriculture, sciences et arts d´Agen, 2e série, Tome XVI (Agen, 1913), p. 19.

[1115] Esquerrier, p. 68.

[1116] Esquerrier, p. 69.

[1117] Esquerrier, p. 69.

[1118] Archives départementales des Pyrénées-Atlantiques (AD 64) at Pau, E 319, fo. 11 May 1443 at Saint-Loubouer, Landes (in Gascon). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1119] Esquerrier, p. 65.

[1120] Dubois ´Titres de la maison d´Albret´, p. 19.

[1121] Dubois ´Titres de la maison d´Albret´, p. 19.

[1122] Hansen, C. M. ´Suffolk´s niece, the identity of Margaret, the wife of Jean de Foix, Earl of Kendal, Captal de Buch, K.G.´, Genealogist´s Magazine Vol. 22, no. 10 (Jun 1988). [Information provided by Bert M. Kamp in a private email to the author dated 7 Dec 2008].

[1123] Yanguas y Miranda, J. (1840) Diccionario de antigüedades del reino de Navarra (Pamplona), Tomo II, p. 697, quoting "caj. 193, n. 25".

[1124] Esquerrier, p. 65.

[1125] Esquerrier, p. 65.

[1126] Arch. nat. Fr., J. 878, I, no. 3 and 4. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1127] Esquerrier, p. 65.

[1128] Esquerrier, p. 69.

[1129] Esquerrier, p. 69.

[1130] Moriondus, J. B. (1790) Monumenta Aquensia (Turin), Pars II, Historiam Aquensem,Monferratensem ac Pedemontanam, col. 177.

[1131] Yanguas, Tomo II, p. 705, quoting "caj. 193, n. 25".

[1132] L. E. Piccard, L. E. 'Rattachement des Grailly de Ville-le-Grand aux Grailly de Foix', Mémoires et Documents publiés par l'Académie Chablaisienne, XXV (1911-1912), III, pp. 287-301. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1133] Piccard 'Grailly', p. 289, quoting Bibl. nat. Fr., D. Man., Coll. D'Hozier, Pièces originales. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1134] Gardeau, L. 'Possessions des Grailly et des Saint-Symphorien dans la région du Bazadais aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles', Actes du XIIIe congrès d'études régionales 1961 (Bordeaux, Fédération historique du Sud-Ouest), p. 72. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1135] Hoffman, G. (ed.) (1731) Nova scriptorum ac monumentorum collectio, Tome I, Sam. Guichenoni Bibliothecam Sebusianam et Paridis de Crassis diarium cur. rom (Leipzig) ("Bibliotheca Sebusiana"), Centuria I, XXIX, p. 69.

[1136] Hisely, J.-J. (ed.) (1852) Cartulaires de la Chartreuse d'Oujon et de l'abbaye de Hautcrêt (Lausanne) ("Oujon") 28, p. 40.

[1137] Oujon 28, p. 40.

[1138] Oujon 28, p. 40.

[1139] Oujon 86, p. 128.

[1140] Ramon Muntaner, Tome II, CLVIII, p. 23.

[1141] Gardeau, L. 'Possessions des Grailly et des Saint-Symphorien dans la région du Bazadais aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles', Actes du XIIIe congrès d'études régionales 1961 (Bordeaux, Fédération historique du Sud-Ouest), p. 72. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1142] Arch. dép. Tarn-et-Garonne, A 297, f° 1060v ff (cited in Gardeau, Possessions… p. 71 and Piccard 1911 p. 305. Date cited as "jeudi avant la saint Barnabé". [J.-C. Chuat]

[1143] Gardeau, Possessions… 1961a p. 71 ff insists that Clairmonde de Lamothe was not Jean de Grailly's wife, as Anselme and others conjectured to account for Jean de Grailly's wealth. This was entirely due to the generosity of the English sovereigns. Clairmonde de Lamothe, daughter of Gaillard de Lamothe and Isabelle de Landiras, was married in 1280 by Jean de Grailly to his nephew Jean Roussel de Saint-Symphorien. They had a son named Gaillard de Saint-Symphorien, seigneur de Landiras ibid. p. 74. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1144] Gardeau, L. 'Possessions des Grailly et des Saint-Symphorien dans la région du Bazadais aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles', Actes du XIIIe congrès d'études régionales 1961 (Bordeaux, Fédération historique du Sud-Ouest), p. 71. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1145] Arch. dép. Tarn-et-Garonne, cited in Piccard 1911, p. 295. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1146] Arch. dép. Tarn-et-Garonne, Somme de L'Isle, cited in Piccard 1911 p. 291, n. 1. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1147] Gardeau, G. 'Pierre II de Grailly, captal de Buch, chevalier de la Jarretière', Revue historique de Bordeaux et de la Gironde, X, N. S. (1961), pp. 157-161. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1148] Bibl. nat. Fr., D. Man., Coll. Doat according to Piccard (1911), Gardeau (1961). [J.-C. Chuat]

[1149] Cited in Bibl. nat. Fr., D. Manuscr., Provinces, Périgord 53, f° 162 ff. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1150] Bibl.nat. Fr., Provinces, Doat, vol 242, f° 673 = ibid. Périgord, vol. 54, f° 220. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1151] Esquerrier, p. 44.

[1152] Arch. dép. Pyrénées-Atlantiques, E 18. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1153] Archives départementales des Pyrénées-Orientales at Pau, E 42. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1154] Dubois ´Titres de la maison d´Albret´, p. 16.

[1155] Dubois ´Titres de la maison d´Albret´, p. 17.

[1156] Dubois ´Titres de la maison d´Albret´, p. 14.

[1157] Anselme IV, p. 423.

[1158] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 2nd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, II, "Chronique tirée d´un manuscrit de MM. Sabbathier de la Bourgade, de Toulouse", p. 529.

[1159] Dubois ´Titres de la maison d´Albret´, p. 155.

[1160] Dubois ´Titres de la maison d´Albret´, p. 155.

[1161] Dubois ´Titres de la maison d´Albret´, p. 155.

[1162] Gardeau, L. 'Possessions des Grailly et des Saint-Symphorien dans la région du Bazadais aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles', Actes du XIIIe congrès d'études régionales 1961 (Bordeaux, Fédération historique du Sud-Ouest), p. 74. [J.-C. Chuat]

[1163] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 413.IV, col. 778.

[1164] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 447.IV, col. 837.

[1165] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 413.IV, col. 778.

[1166] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 413.IV, col. 778.

[1167] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 447.IV, col. 837.

[1168] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 413.IV, col. 778.

[1169] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 503.II, col. 956.

[1170] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome V, Preuves, Chartes et Diplômes, 413.IV, col. 778.

[1171] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 136, col. 541.

[1172] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 226, col. 767.

[1173] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 136, col. 541.

[1174] Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn. Tome VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 226, col. 767.

[1175] Doniol, H. (ed.) (1863) Cartulaire de Saint-Julien de Brioude (Clermont Ferrand/Paris), 26, p. 48.

[1176] Brioude 26, p. 48.

[1177] Brioude 26, p. 48.

[1178] Brioude 26, p. 48.

[1179] Germer-Durand, E. (ed.) (1874) Cartulaire du chapitre de l´église cathédrale Notre-Dame de Nîmes (834-1156) (Nîmes) ("Nîmes Notre-Dame") I, p. 1.

[1180] Brioude 26, p. 48.